CN102650020A - High-silicon high-manganese type high-thermal stability hot work die steel and thermal treatment process thereof - Google Patents
High-silicon high-manganese type high-thermal stability hot work die steel and thermal treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to high-silicon high-manganese type high-thermal stability hot work die steel and a thermal treatment process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of alloy steel manufacturing process. The hot work die steel is characterized in that the ratio of high silicon to high manganese in chemical components is kept to be 1 to 1 and main alloy elements by mass percent comprise 0.25-0.45% of C, 0.8-2.0% of Si, 0.8-2.0% of Mn, 3.5-4.5% of Cr, 0.6-1.2% of Mo, 0.4-0.8% of V, less than 0.02% of P, less than 0.02% of S and Fe for the rest. A preparation process for the hot work die steel comprises the steps as follows: firstly, preparing materials, smelting and casting; secondly, carrying out electroslag remelting; carrying out high temperature homogenization thermal treatment, and carrying out multi-direction forging hot working; thirdly, carrying out superfine thermal treatment and isothermal annealing treatment; and lastly, carrying out quenching and tempering thermal treatment, namely heating to be 980-1100 DEG C for austenitizing, carrying out oil cooling or mist cooling, and tempering for two to three times at a temperature of 540-600 DEG C. The hot work die steel has the advantages of high thermal stability, high flexibility and good thermal fatigue performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high silicon high manganese type high thermal stability hot-work die steel and thermal treatment process thereof; This die steel makes full use of the alloying action characteristics of silicon and manganese; Guarantee high silicon and manganese content in the steel, and the content of two kinds of elements is identical, not only can reduce cost of alloy (is steel with respect to H13); And have than high thermostability of H13 steel and good toughness and thermal fatigue property, belong to the steel alloy manufacturing process technology field.
Background technology
The alloying element that plays elevated temperature heat epistasis and thermostability in the hot-work die steel is elements such as Cr, Mo, V normally, and therefore some present research work mainly are the adjustment to these alloying elements.Seminar discovers recently; The adding of a certain amount of manganese element can increase the matrix strengthening effect of steel and the transformation of deferrable martensitic stucture; Improve the anti-temper softening of steel, its successful case is the DM series high heat-intensity hot work die steel of seminar's exploitation.In addition; Element silicon is the effective element that improves resistance to tempering; The content that improves element silicon in the steel can make steel martensitic decomposition in the tempered process slow down, and has postponed the transformation of ε-carbide to θ-carbide, reduces the growth rate of carbide in drawing process in the steel; Improve the stability of carbide, its successful case is the low molybdenum type hot-work die steel SDH3 steel of the high silicon of seminar's exploitation.
The hot working die steel of the present widespread use of China comprises that tungsten is that 3Cr2W8V, chromium are H13 and the 5CrNiMo that is applied to hot-forging die, 5CrMnMo etc.Though the 3Cr2W8V of tungsten system has higher resistance to tempering and high heat resistance, its plasticity and toughness, thermal conductivity are relatively poor with its thermal fatigue property; The H13 steel is present most popular hot-work die steel, but its hot strength is not very high, and general use temperature can not be above 540 ℃; The heat resistance of 5CrNiMo and 5CrMnMo is lower, causes subsiding of working portion of die easily.What the hot-extrusion mold steel that China uses at present adopted is that grade of steel is 4Cr5MoSiV1 among standard GB/T1299-2000.The chemical ingredients of this hot-extrusion mold steel adopts C 0.32-0.45wt%, Cr 4.75-5.50wt%, Mo 1.20-1.75 wt%, V 0.80-1.20 wt%, Si 0.80-1.2wt%, Mn 0.20-0.5wt%, P≤0.03wt%, S≤0.03wt%.Because the Chemical Composition of this hot-extrusion mold steel contains higher molybdenum, chromium and v element and a certain amount of carbon; Belong to hypereutectoid steel; Therefore the segregation of its material ESR ingot is serious; There is a large amount of bulk liquation carbide in the tissue after becoming a useful person, makes that the toughness of material is not enough, occur early stage Cracking Failure easily.Because this material contains a large amount of secondary hardening elements; Grow up under the condition under arms easily alligatoring and occurrence type of its tempering attitude proeutectoid carbide changes; And the alloying element in the tempered martensite also separates out easily and reduces the intensity of steel, thereby reduces the high-temperature behavior of steel.The performance index of this steel are: Rockwell hardness number is 44-46HRC after 1030 ℃ of quenching+590-610 ℃ of tempering; Notched bar impact strength (" V " type breach) Ak is >=8J; These are the key technical index of hot extruding die with steel in the performance index such as hardness value and notched bar impact strength that quenching adds under the tempering state, are to weigh hot extruding die with the fine or not main technical details index of steel quality.In addition, anti-temper softening ability and thermal fatigue resistance are the important performance indexes of hot-work die steel.
The metallurgical ME of above-mentioned hot-work die steel is to adopt electrosmelting to add the electroslag remelting, forges the technology of becoming a useful person then.In its manufacturing process, electrosmelting adds electroslag remelting operation and accomplishes the ESR ingot that obtains 500Kg-3000Kg afterwards, and forging machine in footpath forges becomes a useful person.There is following problem in this ME: 1) the electroslag ingot shape is less, and little ingot shape has reduced the lumber recovery and manufacturing production capacity of product; 2) original structure of ESR ingot exists a large amount of macrobeads or big block liquation carbide and microstructure segregation, has reduced steel ingot and has forged the performance index after becoming a useful person; 3) it is thick to forge the back material grains, and the impelling strength of material is low after the tempering that causes quenching, and product specification is low, can't satisfy the needs of market to H.T. hotwork die steel.
Under sustainable both at home and abroad, Eco-power Development patterns at present; The research direction of the high molybdenum that the present invention breaks traditions from the angle of economy; Adopt economic silicon, manganese as main alloy element; Make full use of the solution strengthening of silicon, manganese alloy element and to effects such as carbide temper resistances; And reduce the content of noble alloy elements such as chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, thereby silicon, manganese have been developed than hot-work die steel with high thermal stability, good impelling strength and thermal fatigue property for 1:1 as far as possible.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of low-cost chrome molybdenum vanadium is hot working die steel and thermal treatment process thereof.
It is constant that hot working die steel of the present invention is characterised in that in the chemical ingredients of steel that the ratio of high-load element silicon and manganese element remains 1:1, and the mass percent of each main alloy element is:
C 0.25～0.45%， Si 0.8～2.0%，
Mn 0.8～2.0%， Cr 3.5～4.5%，
Mo 0.8～1.2%， V 0.4～0.8%，
P ＜0.02%， S ＜0.02%
The Fe surplus.
The thermal treatment process that above-mentioned low-cost chrome molybdenum vanadium is a hot working die steel, this technology has following process step:
A. adopt induction melting or arc melting: by low-cost chrome molybdenum vanadium be hot working die steel chemical ingredients and weight percent: C 0.25～0.45%, and Si 0.8～2.0%, and Mn 0.8～2.0%; Cr 3.5～4.5%, and Mo 0.8～1.2%, and V 0.4～0.8%; P＜0.02%, S＜0.02%, Fe surplus; Put into induction melting or electric arc furnace after the batching, carry out melting.
B. esr: the steel ingot that the melting pouring is gone out is put in the esr device, carries out esr.
C. high temperature homogenization thermal treatment: the steel ingot behind the esr is heated to 1180～1280 ℃ carries out the high temperature homogenization processing, be incubated 5～10 hours, alloying constituent segregation and liquation carbide are eliminated by uniform formation.
D. forge hot-work: above-mentioned steel ingot temperature is adjusted to carried out multiway forging processing in 1050～1150 ℃ of TRs; Forging ratio >=4, final forging temperature >=850 ℃.
E. ultrafining treatment: the super-refinement temperature is 1050～1150 ℃, and the super-refinement time is 5～10h; Oil cooling or water smoke are cooled to below 250 ℃ then, and heat is sent stove back to again, at 600～700 ℃ of high temperings, and tempering insulation 2～4 hours.
F. isothermal annealing is handled: fs isothermal annealing temperature is 830～850 ℃, and annealing time is 5～10h; Subordinate phase isothermal annealing temperature is 730～750 ℃, and annealing time is 5～10h;
G. quenching and tempering thermal treatment: be heated to 980～1100 ℃ and carry out austenitizing, adopt oil cooling or water smoke to be cooled to below 250 ℃; Carry out 540～600 ℃ of temper subsequently.
Described high temperature homogenization is handled, and divides multistage intensification in the steel ingot temperature-rise period, guarantees that the steel ingot internal and external temperature is even, promptly respectively at 800 ℃ and 1100 ℃ of isothermals; High temperature homogenization is handled the back at 1100～1150 ℃ of temperature isothermals, after the steel ingot temperature is even, carries out conducting forging processing.
Described quenching and tempering thermal treatment is heated to 980～1100 ℃ of oil coolings or water smoke and is cooled to 250 ℃, temper immediately, temper 2～3 times, 540～600 ℃ of each tempering temperatures, each tempering insulation time 2～4h.
Its composition DESIGN THEORY of hot-work die steel of the present invention is according to being described below:
This hot-work die steel is compared with general H13 hot-work die steel, has suitably reduced the content of Cr, Mo and V, has increased the content of Si and Mn simultaneously, and guarantees that the ratio of Si and Mn is 1:1.Discover that recently the adding of a certain amount of manganese element can increase the matrix strengthening effect of steel and the transformation of deferrable martensitic stucture, improve the anti-temper softening of steel.Though manganese element is weak carbide forming element, can not form carbide reinforced effect, the adding of a certain amount of manganese element can promote the decomposition of cementite and postpone separating out and growing up of carbide, help the thermostability of steel.In addition, manganese element can cause the content of the residual austenite in the steel to increase with stable, can improve the toughness and the thermal fatigue resistance of steel like this.Element silicon is not a carbide forming element; But element silicon is the effective element that improves resistance to tempering; The content that improves element silicon in the steel mainly is can be so that steel martensitic decomposition in the tempered process slows down; Element silicon can effectively hinder martensitic decomposition in the drawing process of austenite after martensitic transformation, this mainly is through suppressing growing up and enlarging the εTan Huawu stable region of εTan Huawu particle, having postponed the transformation of ε-carbide to θ-carbide.Silicon is postponed ε → θ and is changed, and can fully reduce the growth rate of cementite in drawing process in the steel, and Siliciumatom suppresses the alligatoring of growing up of θ phase from the enrichment region that θ separated out and around the θ phase, formed Siliciumatom mutually; Silicon can effectively improve the anti-temper softening ability of steel in addition.Because the avidity of V and carbon is strong; In the process of smelting, form the VC primary carbide easily, this carbide particle size is bigger, and not only the performance to steel does not improve; The toughness of opposite reduction steel and thermal fatigue property etc., and in heat treatment process subsequently, be difficult to eliminate fully.Therefore V content can effectively reduce the ratio of VC primary carbide in the suitable reduction steel, improves the performance of steel.But V can reduce martensitic decomposition rate in drawing process, has postponed austenitic transformation; And V-arrangement becomes the proeutectoid carbide of MC type, small and dispersed, and difficult gathering is grown up; In drawing process, strengthened age hardening effect, improved the thermostability and the impelling strength of steel greatly.Therefore, the content of V in the steel is controlled between 0.4～0.8%, gives full play to the alloying action of V.Cr is the main Cr23C6 type carbide that forms in hot working die steel, and this type carbide is prone to go out and the alligatoring of growing up along partial crystallization, reduces the thermostability and the thermal fatigue property of material, and the chromium content of this hot-work die steel decreases, and has reduced this disadvantageous effect.
Hot working die steel of the present invention is after the above-mentioned thermal treatment of process, and its thermostability, impelling strength and thermal fatigue property are superior to the H13 steel.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the transformation temperature of hot-work die steel of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is annealed structure, quenching structure and the tempered structure of hot-work die steel of the present invention after above-mentioned thermal treatment process.
Fig. 3 is the tempering characteristics curve of hot-work die steel of the present invention under 1000-1090 ℃ of quenching.
Fig. 4 is that hot-work die steel of the present invention is 620 ℃ of following and H13 steel thermal stability data contrasts.
Fig. 5 is hot-work die steel of the present invention and H13 steel heat fatigue cracking surface topography map.
Fig. 6 is hot-work die steel of the present invention and H13 steel heat fatigue cracking cross section shape appearance figure.
Fig. 7 is hot-work die steel of the present invention and the contrast of H13 steel thermal fatigue cross section hardness gradient.
Embodiment
Specific embodiment of the present invention is described in down at present.
Embodiment
In this instance, adopt the moity and the weight percent thereof of hot-work die steel following:
C 0.32%， Si 1.2%， Mn 1.2%， Cr 3.8%， Mo 1.0%，
V 0.46%, and P 0.01%, and S 0.01%, the Fe surplus.
In the present embodiment, the technological process and the step of hot working die steel are following:
The A electrosmelting: in electric arc furnace, carry out melting by above-mentioned alloying element proportioning, smelting temperature is cast into φ 400mm-φ 450mm electrode bar and air cooling greater than 1500 ℃;
B esr: the steel ingot after the pouring is positioned in the esr device as consumable electrode; Carry out esr; Change slag voltage 56-62V, electric current 3000-5000A, electric system voltage 57-59V, electric current 11000-12000A, voltage 57-59V binds; Current time 35-50Min, esr become the 500Kg-3000Kg ESR ingot;
C high temperature homogeneity: the steel ingot behind the esr is heated to 1250 ℃ carries out the high temperature homogenization processing, be incubated 10 hours, component segregation and liquation carbide are eliminated by uniform formation;
D forges: the steel ingot temperature that above-mentioned high temperature homogenization is handled is adjusted to carries out multiway forging processing in 1100 ℃ of TRs; Forging ratio >=4, final forging temperature >=850 ℃;
The E ultrafining treatment: the super-refinement temperature is 1100 ℃, and the super-refinement time is 8h; Oil cooling or water smoke are cooled to below 250 ℃ then, and heat is sent stove back to again, at 600～700 ℃ of high temperings, and tempering insulation 2～4 hours;
The F isothermal annealing is handled: fs isothermal annealing temperature is 830～850 ℃, and annealing time is 8h; Subordinate phase isothermal annealing temperature is 730～750 ℃, and annealing time is 8h; Cool to room temperature then with the furnace;
The G quenching and tempering is handled: 1030 ℃ of quenching temperatures, adopt oil quenching, and carry out double tempering at 560 ℃, each tempering 2 hours.
After the hot-work die steel above-mentioned smelting of process of the present invention and hot-work and the thermal treatment, the final finished specification is the 200mm round steel, and performance test is carried out in sampling:
The A transformation temperature:
Ac1, Ac3 and Ms point test result are shown in accompanying drawing 1.
The B tempering characteristics:
The rational curve that changes with tempering temperature of tempered-hardness after 1000 ℃, 1030 ℃, 1060 ℃ and 1090 ℃ of quenchings is shown in accompanying drawing 3 respectively.
The C hardness test:
Quenching hardness: 56.2HRC; Tempered-hardness: 50HRC
The experiment of D impelling strength:
On blank, get lateral impact sample, specimen size is 7mm * 10mm * 55mm (adopting North America die casting association criterion).
Room temperature impact toughness value: >=280J.
The E thermostability:
Hot-work die steel of the present invention carries out stable contrast experiment with the H13 steel under 620 ℃ of conditions, the H13 steel is 50HRC through making its hardness value the same with steel of the present invention after the temper of quenching, and test-results is shown in accompanying drawing 4.Visible by accompanying drawing 4, though hot-work die steel of the present invention is consistent with H13 steel hardness value before the experiment beginning, under 620 ℃, from carrying out 20 hours thermostability experiment changes in hardness situation, hot-work die steel of the present invention is superior to the H13 steel.
The F hot fatigue performance test:
Under room temperature-700 ℃ condition, carry out cold cycling,, contrast thermal fatigue surface topography and the cross section pattern and the cross section hardness gradient (5-is shown in Figure 7 like accompanying drawing) of hot-work die steel of the present invention and H13 steel through after 3000 cold cycling.By visible among the figure, behind the hot-work die steel thermal fatigue test of the present invention, surface crack is very even, tiny, does not see the formation of bigger main crackle from the teeth outwards.And the surface crack of H13 steel reticulates, and wherein exist several width bigger main crackle, connect each other between the crackle, be the cracking shape.In addition, the decrease of hardness that the hardness gradient distribution can be found out the H13 steel from the cross section is significantly in hot-work die steel of the present invention.The two contrast can find out that the thermal fatigue property of hot-work die steel of the present invention is better than the H13 steel.
Claims (3)
1. the high manganese type of high silicon high thermal stability hot-work die steel, it is constant to it is characterized in that in the chemical ingredients of this steel that the ratio of element silicon and manganese element remains 1:1, and the mass percent of each main alloy element is: C 0.25～0.45%; Si 0.8～2.0%, and Mn 0.8～2.0%, and Cr 3.5～4.5%; Mo 0.6～1.2%, and V 0.4～0.8%, P＜0.02%; S＜0.02%, the Fe surplus.
2. the high manganese type of high silicon according to claim 1 high thermal stability hot-work die steel, it is constant to it is characterized in that in the chemical ingredients of this steel that the ratio of element silicon and manganese element remains 1:1, and the best in quality per-cent of each main alloy element is: C 0.32%; Si 1.2%, and Mn 1.2%, and Cr 3.8%; Mo 1.0%, and V 0.5%, P＜0.02%; S＜0.02%, the Fe surplus.
3. the thermal treatment process of the high manganese type of high silicon according to claim 1 and 2 high thermal stability hot-work die steel is characterized in that this technology has following steps:
A. smelt: chemical ingredients and weight percent by the high manganese type of high silicon high thermal stability hot-work die steel are: C 0.25～0.45%, and Si 0.8～2.0%, and Mn 0.8～2.0%; Cr 3.5～4.5%, and Mo 0.6～1.2%, and V 0.4～0.8%; P＜0.02%; S＜0.02%, the Fe surplus is prepared burden, induction melting or arc melting, is carried out esr then;
B. high temperature homogenization thermal treatment: homogenization temperature is 1180～1280 ℃, and the homogeneity time is 5～10h;
C. forge hot-work: will pass through high temperature homogenization thermal treatment steel ingot and be cooled to and carry out multiway forging processing in 1050～1150 ℃ of TRs, forging ratio >=4, final forging temperature >=850 ℃;
D. ultrafining heat-treatment: the super-refinement temperature is 1050～1150 ℃, and the super-refinement time is 5～10h; Cold soon then (oil cooling or water smoke are cold etc.) to below 250 ℃; Heat is sent stove back to again, at 600～700 ℃ of high temperings, and tempering insulation 2～4 hours;
E. isothermal annealing is handled: fs isothermal annealing temperature is 830～850 ℃, and annealing time is 5～10h; Subordinate phase isothermal annealing temperature is 730～750 ℃, and annealing time is 5～10h;
F. quenching and tempering thermal treatment: be heated to 980～1100 ℃, adopt oil cooling or water smoke to be cooled to below 250 ℃; Carry out 540～600 ℃ of temper subsequently, tempering 2～inferior, each tempering insulation 2～4 hours.
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