CN114990292A - Heat treatment method for hot work die steel - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for hot work die steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114990292A CN114990292A CN202111386557.XA CN202111386557A CN114990292A CN 114990292 A CN114990292 A CN 114990292A CN 202111386557 A CN202111386557 A CN 202111386557A CN 114990292 A CN114990292 A CN 114990292A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 hot forging dies Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method for hot work die steel, and particularly relates to the field of hot work dies, which comprises S1), annealing, S2), quenching, S3), high-temperature tempering, S4), carburizing, S5) and quality inspection. The invention can make the internal thermal stress more uniformly diffused by first-order and second-order preheating temperature-rising treatment, and make the die steel more sufficiently and stably cooled by multi-order cooling after quenching, and reduce the generation of deformation, and simultaneously, the invention can carry out the decomposition of martensite and the transformation of residual austenite at higher temperature by matching with the first tempering and the second tempering, so that the carbide keeps larger dispersion degree, thereby improving the resistance and the thermal fatigue resistance of tempering softening under the premise of meeting the central hardness in the subsequent use process of the die steel, and effectively avoiding the secondary hardening phenomenon caused by chromium series elements in the die steel at 500 ℃, being beneficial to ensuring the toughness, and further leading the heat conduction to be faster under the high-temperature extrusion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hot working dies, in particular to a heat treatment method for hot working die steel.
Background
The hot work die steel is alloy tool steel suitable for making dies for hot deformation of metals, such as hot forging dies, hot extrusion dies, die casting dies, hot heading dies and the like, and the hot work die works under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure for a long time, so that the die material is required to have high strength, hardness and thermal stability, particularly high heat strength, thermal fatigue, toughness and wear resistance.
In the manufacturing process of the die, the processed die steel is usually obtained by heat treatment to enable the die steel to have certain metal properties, but for a part of hot-working plastic die, the traditional die steel has poor wear resistance and thermal fatigue resistance in the using process, so that the use of the die steel in hot extrusion of the plastic die cannot be well met, and therefore, the heat treatment method for the hot-working die steel is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above defects in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a heat treatment method for hot-work die steel, and the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: the wear resistance and the thermal fatigue resistance of the die steel are improved, so that the die steel can better meet the application of hot-work plastic dies.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a heat treatment method for hot work die steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.250-0.30% of C, 1.50-1.70% of Mn1.70%, 0.70-1.20% of Si, 1.60-2.00% of W, 0.10-0.20% of Mo0.60, 1.60-1.80% of V, 1.20-1.50% of Ni1.20, 4.50-5.10% of Cr4, 0.2-0.6% of Co0, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, and the balance of Fe;
the heat treatment method of the hot work die steel comprises the following steps:
s1), annealing:
s11), heating the workpiece to 850-880 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h;
s12), air cooling, and reducing the temperature in the furnace to 500 +/-10 ℃;
s2), quenching:
s21), one-stage preheating: the temperature rise rate is 1-5 ℃/min, and the temperature rises to 550 +/-10 ℃;
s22), two-stage preheating: the temperature rise rate is 5-12 ℃/min, and the temperature rises to 850 plus or minus 10 ℃;
s23), high-temperature cooling: cooling the final temperature to 600 ℃ in the step S22), wherein the cooling speed is 5-12 ℃/min;
and (3) medium-temperature cooling: cooling from 600 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-8 ℃/min;
and (3) performing low-temperature cooling: cooling from 450 ℃ to 250 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-5 ℃/min;
s3), high-temperature tempering:
s31), primary tempering: after quenching, loading the steel plate into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 250 ℃, heating to keep the temperature in the furnace between 550 and 650 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 to 3 hours;
secondary tempering: charging the mixture into a furnace after the temperature is less than or equal to 650 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace between 520 and 620 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 to 2.5 hours;
s32), cooling the die steel after the secondary tempering;
s4), carburizing:
s41), placing the die steel cooled to the room temperature in the step S32) into an active carburizing medium, heating to 900-950 ℃, and preserving heat for 30-40 hours;
s42), surface quenching: performing surface quenching on the die steel in the step S41) through a double-frequency quenching inductor;
s43), low-temperature tempering: charging the furnace after the quenching temperature is less than or equal to 150 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;
s44), then taking out the cold zone of the die steel to room temperature, and finishing the heat treatment of the hot die steel;
s5), quality inspection.
In a preferred embodiment, the cooling method in step S23) is any one of oil cooling, air cooling and water cooling.
In a preferred embodiment, the cooling method in step S32) is oil cooling, and the cooling is performed to room temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, the carbon content in the hot-work die steel is 0.25 to 0.3%.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S42), the frequency of the dual-frequency quenching inductor is 200hz to 300hz, the height of the induction coil is 70 cm to 120cm, and the quenching temperature is 1000 ℃ to 1250 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, the step S5) includes the steps of:
s51): detecting a carbon layer of the carburized die steel by a thickness detector, wherein the carbon layer is qualified when the thickness of the carbon layer is more than or equal to 0.9;
s52): and carrying out hardness detection on three different positions of the surface of the die steel by a hardness detection tool to obtain an average value.
In a preferred embodiment, the step S5) further includes the steps of:
s53): carrying out metallographic examination on the die steel through a two-dimensional metallographic sample grinding surface;
s54): the die steel qualified in the steps S51), S52) and S53) is the final product, and one or more of the steps is unqualified and flows back to the defective area to be recycled.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the invention can make the internal thermal stress more uniformly diffused by the first-order and second-order preheating temperature rise treatment, and make the die steel more sufficiently and stably cooled by the multi-order cooling after quenching, and reduce the generation of deformation, and simultaneously, the invention can carry out the decomposition of martensite and the transformation of residual austenite at higher temperature by matching with the first tempering and the second tempering, so that the carbide keeps larger dispersion, thereby improving the resistance of tempering softening and thermal fatigue resistance on the premise of meeting the central hardness in the subsequent use process of the die steel, effectively avoiding the secondary hardening phenomenon caused by chromium series elements in the die steel at 500 ℃, being beneficial to ensuring the toughness, further leading the heat conduction of the die steel to be faster under high-temperature extrusion, and further improving the comprehensive mechanical property.
2. According to the invention, through further carburizing treatment on the tempered die steel, activated carbon atoms decomposed from a carburizing medium permeate into the surface layer of the steel piece, so that the lower surface still has good hardness and wear resistance on the premise of enhancing the central hardness of the die steel, thereby ensuring stable use of the die steel under long-time hot extrusion and in an environment of high heated temperature of a cavity, and preventing the die steel from cracking and deforming.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a heat treatment method for hot work die steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.250-0.30% of C, 1.50-1.70% of Mn1.70%, 0.70-1.20% of Si, 1.60-2.00% of W, 0.10-0.20% of Mo0.60-1.80% of V, 1.20-1.50% of Ni0.20, 4.50-5.10% of Cr4, 0.2-0.6% of Co0, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, and the balance of Fe;
the heat treatment method of the hot work die steel comprises the following steps;
s1), annealing:
s11), heating the workpiece to 850 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h;
s12), air cooling, and reducing the temperature in the furnace to 500 +/-10 ℃;
s2), quenching:
s21), one-stage preheating: the temperature rise rate is 1-5 ℃/min, and the temperature rises to 550 +/-10 ℃;
s22), two-stage preheating: the temperature rise rate is 5-12 ℃/min, and the temperature rises to 850 +/-10 ℃;
the preheating and temperature rising treatment of the first order and the second order ensures that the internal thermal stress can be more uniformly diffused, and the die steel is more sufficiently and stably cooled by multi-order cooling after quenching, thereby reducing the generation of deformation;
s23), high-temperature cooling: cooling the final temperature to 600 ℃ in the step S22), wherein the cooling speed is 5-12 ℃/min;
the cooling method in the step S23) is any one of oil cooling, air cooling and water cooling;
and (3) medium-temperature cooling: cooling from 600 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-8 ℃/min;
and (3) performing low-temperature cooling: cooling from 450 ℃ to 250 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-5 ℃/min;
s3), high-temperature tempering:
s31), primary tempering: after quenching, loading the steel plate into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 250 ℃, heating to keep the temperature in the furnace at 550 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-3 hours;
secondary tempering: charging the mixture into a furnace after the temperature is less than or equal to 650 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace at 520 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-2.5 hours;
the primary tempering and the secondary tempering enable the die steel to decompose martensite and transform residual austenite at a higher temperature, so that carbides keep a larger dispersion degree, thereby improving the resistance to temper softening and the thermal fatigue resistance on the premise of meeting the central hardness in the subsequent use process of the die steel, effectively avoiding the secondary hardening phenomenon caused by chromium series elements in the die steel at 500 ℃ due to the primary and secondary stage tempering, and being beneficial to ensuring the toughness;
s32), cooling the die steel after the secondary tempering;
the alloy elements in the hot die steel postpone the decomposition of martensite and the transformation of residual austenite in the primary tempering and the secondary tempering processes, improve the recrystallization temperature of ferrite, ensure that carbides are difficult to gather and grow and keep larger dispersion degree, thereby improving the resistance of the steel to tempering softening, namely improving the tempering stability of the steel;
the cooling method in the step S32) is oil cooling, and the cooling is carried out to the room temperature;
step S2) quenching and step S3) high-temperature tempering are carried out to finish the quenching and tempering of the hot die steel, and the hot die steel is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment to obtain high toughness and strength and good comprehensive mechanical properties;
s4), carburizing:
s41), placing the die steel cooled to the room temperature in the step S32) into an active carburizing medium, heating to 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 30-40 hours;
s42), surface quenching: performing surface quenching on the die steel in the step S41) through a double-frequency quenching inductor;
in the step S42), the frequency of the double-frequency quenching inductor is 200 hz-300 hz, the height of the induction coil is 70-120 cm, and the quenching temperature is 1000-1250 ℃;
through quenching after carburization, compressive internal stress is generated on the surface of the workpiece, and the improvement of the fatigue strength of the workpiece is facilitated;
s43), low-temperature tempering: charging the furnace after the quenching temperature is less than or equal to 150 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;
the low-temperature tempering is beneficial to the secondary decomposition of martensite to form sorbite, and good mechanical properties can be obtained;
s44), then taking out the cold zone of the die steel to room temperature, and finishing the heat treatment of the hot die steel;
carburizing can be divided into gas carburizing, solid carburizing, liquid carburizing and carbonitriding, and the gas carburizing is adopted in the step S4), namely, the hot work die steel is put into a closed carburizing furnace, one of a gas carburizing agent (methane, ethane and the like) or a liquid carburizing agent (kerosene or benzene, alcohol, acetone) is introduced, active carbon atoms are decomposed at high temperature and permeate into the surface of a workpiece, so that the hot work die steel with good hardness and wear resistance is obtained;
s5), quality inspection;
step S5) includes the steps of:
s51): detecting a carbon layer of the carburized die steel by a thickness detector, wherein the carbon layer is qualified when the thickness of the carbon layer is more than or equal to 0.9;
s52): carrying out hardness detection on three different positions on the surface of the die steel by using a hardness detection tool to obtain an average value;
s53): carrying out metallographic examination on the die steel through a two-dimensional metallographic sample ground surface, wherein the metallographic examination is mainly to determine the three-dimensional space morphology of an alloy structure by adopting a quantitative metallographic principle and applying measurement and calculation of a metallographic microstructure of the two-dimensional metallographic sample ground surface or a film, so that the quantitative relation among the alloy components, the structure and the performance is established, and a worker is assisted to further determine and process the hot-work die steel;
s54): the die steel qualified in the steps S51), S52) and S53) is the final product, and one or more of the steps is unqualified and flows back to the defective area to be recycled.
Example 2:
the invention provides a heat treatment method for hot work die steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.250-0.30% of C, 1.50-1.70% of Mn1.70%, 0.70-1.20% of Si, 1.60-2.00% of W, 0.10-0.20% of Mo0.60-1.80% of V, 1.20-1.50% of Ni0.20, 4.50-5.10% of Cr4, 0.2-0.6% of Co0, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, and the balance of Fe;
the heat treatment method of the hot work die steel comprises the following steps;
s1), annealing:
s11), heating the workpiece to 865 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h;
s12), air cooling, and reducing the temperature in the furnace to 500 +/-10 ℃;
s2), quenching:
s21), one-stage preheating: the temperature rise rate is 1-5 ℃/min, and the temperature rises to 550 +/-10 ℃;
s22), two-stage preheating: the temperature rise rate is 5-12 ℃/min, and the temperature rises to 850 +/-10 ℃;
s23), high-temperature cooling: cooling the final temperature to 600 ℃ in the step S22), wherein the cooling speed is 5-12 ℃/min;
the cooling method in the step S23) is any one of oil cooling, air cooling and water cooling;
and (3) medium-temperature cooling: cooling from 600 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-8 ℃/min;
and (3) performing low-temperature cooling: cooling from 450 ℃ to 250 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-5 ℃/min;
s3), high-temperature tempering:
s31), primary tempering: after quenching, loading the steel plate into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 250 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace at 600 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-3 hours;
secondary tempering: charging the mixture after the temperature is less than or equal to 650 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace at 580 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-2.5 h;
s32), cooling the die steel after the secondary tempering;
the cooling method in the step S32) is oil cooling, and the cooling is carried out to the room temperature;
s4), carburizing:
s41), placing the die steel cooled to the room temperature in the step S32) into an active carburizing medium, heating to 930 ℃, and preserving heat for 30-40 hours;
s42), surface quenching: performing surface quenching on the die steel in the step S41) through a double-frequency quenching inductor;
in the step S42), the frequency of the double-frequency quenching inductor is 200 hz-300 hz, the height of the induction coil is 70-120 cm, and the quenching temperature is 1000-1250 ℃;
s43), low-temperature tempering: charging the furnace after the quenching temperature is less than or equal to 150 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;
s44), then taking out the cold zone of the die steel to room temperature, and finishing the heat treatment of the hot die steel;
s5), quality inspection;
step S5) includes the steps of:
s51): detecting a carbon layer of the carburized die steel by a thickness detector, wherein the carbon layer is qualified when the thickness of the carbon layer is more than or equal to 0.9;
s52): carrying out hardness detection on three different positions on the surface of the die steel by using a hardness detection tool to obtain an average value;
s53): carrying out metallographic examination on the die steel through a two-dimensional metallographic sample grinding surface;
s54): the die steel qualified in the steps S51), S52) and S53) is the final product, and one or more of the steps is unqualified and flows back to the defective area to be recycled.
Example 3:
the invention provides a heat treatment method for hot work die steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.250-0.30% of C, 1.50-1.70% of Mn1.70%, 0.70-1.20% of Si, 1.60-2.00% of W, 0.10-0.20% of Mo0.60-1.80% of V, 1.20-1.50% of Ni0.20, 4.50-5.10% of Cr4, 0.2-0.6% of Co0, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, and the balance of Fe;
the heat treatment method of the hot work die steel comprises the following steps;
s1), annealing:
s11), heating the workpiece to 880 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h;
s12), air cooling, and reducing the temperature in the furnace to 500 +/-10 ℃;
s2), quenching:
s21), one-stage preheating: the temperature rise rate is 1-5 ℃/min, and the temperature rises to 550 +/-10 ℃;
s22), two-stage preheating: the temperature rise rate is 5-12 ℃/min, and the temperature rises to 850 plus or minus 10 ℃;
s23), high-temperature cooling: cooling the final temperature to 600 ℃ in the step S22), wherein the cooling speed is 5-12 ℃/min;
the cooling method in the step S23) is any one of oil cooling, air cooling and water cooling;
and (3) medium-temperature cooling: cooling from 600 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-8 ℃/min;
and (3) performing low-temperature cooling: cooling from 450 ℃ to 250 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-5 ℃/min;
s3), high-temperature tempering:
s31), primary tempering: after quenching, loading the steel plate into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 250 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace at 650 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;
secondary tempering: charging the mixture after the temperature is less than or equal to 650 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace at 620 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-2.5 h;
s32), cooling the die steel after the secondary tempering;
the cooling method in the step S32) is oil cooling, and the cooling is carried out to the room temperature;
s4), carburizing:
s41), placing the die steel cooled to the room temperature in the step S32) into an active carburizing medium, heating to 950 ℃, and preserving heat for 30-40 hours;
s42), surface quenching: performing surface quenching on the die steel in the step S41) through a double-frequency quenching inductor;
in the step S42), the frequency of the double-frequency quenching inductor is 200 hz-300 hz, the height of the induction coil is 70-120 cm, and the quenching temperature is 1000-1250 ℃;
s43), low-temperature tempering: charging the furnace after the quenching temperature is less than or equal to 150 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;
s44), then taking out the cold zone of the die steel to room temperature, and finishing the heat treatment of the hot die steel;
s5), quality inspection;
step S5) includes the steps of:
s51): detecting a carbon layer of the carburized die steel by a thickness detector, wherein the carbon layer is qualified when the thickness of the carbon layer is more than or equal to 0.9;
s52): carrying out hardness detection on three different positions on the surface of the die steel by using a hardness detection tool to obtain an average value;
s53): carrying out metallographic examination on the die steel through a two-dimensional metallographic sample grinding surface;
s54): the die steel qualified in the steps S51), S52) and S53) is the final product, and one or more of the steps is unqualified and flows back to the defective area to be recycled.
Example 4:
the hot-work die steels obtained in the above examples 1 to 3 were measured for red hardness, impact toughness, thermal conductivity and tensile strength, and five pieces of the hot-work die steels were taken for each example, and fifteen pieces of the hot-work die steels were taken for each example, and the average value of the measured coefficients of the hot-work die steels in the five pieces of the hot-work die steels was taken to obtain the following data:
as can be seen from the above table, in example 2, the annealing temperature (865 ℃), the primary tempering (600 ℃), the secondary tempering (580 ℃) and the carburizing temperature (930 ℃) are all at optimal boundary values, and after the annealing temperature, the primary tempering, the secondary tempering (580 ℃) and the carburizing temperature are measured, compared with the traditional hot work die steel, the annealing temperature, the primary tempering, the secondary tempering and the carburizing temperature, the secondary tempering and the carburizing temperatures are good in resistance to tempering and softening, thermal fatigue resistance, thermal conductivity, hardness and wear resistance, and comprehensive mechanical properties are greatly improved.
And finally: while the disclosed and claimed heat treatment method for hot-work die steel has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the final fabrication techniques may be practiced with modification and re-combination of the techniques described herein without departing from the spirit, scope and spirit of the invention, and it is intended that all such equivalent alterations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be included within the spirit, scope and content of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A heat treatment method for hot work die steel is characterized in that: the hot work die steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.250-0.30% of C, 1.50-1.70% of Mn1.70%, 0.70-1.20% of Si, 1.60-2.00% of W, 0.10-0.20% of Mo0.60-1.80% of V, 1.20-1.50% of Ni0.20, 4.50-5.10% of Cr4, 0.2-0.6% of Co0, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, and the balance of Fe;
the heat treatment method of the hot work die steel comprises the following steps:
s1), annealing:
s11), heating the workpiece to 850-880 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h;
s12), air cooling, and reducing the temperature in the furnace to 500 +/-10 ℃;
s2), quenching:
s21), one-stage preheating: the temperature rise rate is 1-5 ℃/min, and the temperature rises to 550 +/-10 ℃;
s22), two-stage preheating: the temperature rise rate is 5-12 ℃/min, and the temperature rises to 850 +/-10 ℃;
s23), high-temperature cooling: cooling the final temperature to 600 ℃ in the step S22), wherein the cooling speed is 5-12 ℃/min;
and (3) medium-temperature cooling: cooling from 600 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-8 ℃/min;
and (3) performing low-temperature cooling: cooling from 450 ℃ to 250 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-5 ℃/min;
s3), high-temperature tempering:
s31), primary tempering: after quenching, loading the steel plate into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 250 ℃, heating to keep the temperature in the furnace between 550 and 650 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 to 3 hours;
secondary tempering: charging the mixture into a furnace after the temperature is less than or equal to 650 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace between 520 and 620 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 to 2.5 hours;
s32), cooling the die steel after the secondary tempering;
s4), carburizing:
s41), placing the die steel cooled to the room temperature in the step S32) into an active carburizing medium, heating to 900-950 ℃, and preserving heat for 30-40 hours;
s42), surface quenching: performing surface quenching on the die steel in the step S41) through a double-frequency quenching inductor;
s43), low-temperature tempering: charging the furnace after the quenching temperature is less than or equal to 150 ℃, raising the temperature to keep the temperature in the furnace between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;
s44), then taking out the cold zone of the die steel to room temperature, and finishing the heat treatment of the hot die steel;
s5), quality inspection.
2. A heat treatment method for hot work die steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling method in the step S23) is any one of oil cooling, air cooling and water cooling.
3. A heat treatment method for hot work die steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling method in the step S32) is oil cooling, and the cooling method is to cool the mixture to room temperature.
4. A heat treatment method for hot work die steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon content in the hot work die steel is 0.25-0.3%.
5. A heat treatment method for hot work die steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S42), the frequency of the double-frequency quenching inductor is 200hz to 300hz, the height of the induction coil is 70 cm to 120cm, and the quenching temperature is 1000 ℃ to 1250 ℃.
6. A heat treatment method for hot work die steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S5) includes the steps of:
s51): detecting a carbon layer of the carburized die steel by a thickness detector, wherein the carbon layer is qualified when the thickness of the carbon layer is more than or equal to 0.9;
s52): and carrying out hardness detection on three different positions of the surface of the die steel by a hardness detection tool to obtain an average value.
7. A heat treatment method for hot work die steel according to claim 6, characterized in that: the step S5) further includes the steps of:
s53): carrying out metallographic examination on the die steel through a two-dimensional metallographic sample grinding surface;
s54): the die steel qualified in the steps S51), S52) and S53) is the final product, and one or more of the steps is unqualified and flows back to the defective area to be recycled.
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