CN108265232A - A kind of optimization method and processing step of high-end hot die steel - Google Patents
A kind of optimization method and processing step of high-end hot die steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN108265232A CN108265232A CN201810056455.3A CN201810056455A CN108265232A CN 108265232 A CN108265232 A CN 108265232A CN 201810056455 A CN201810056455 A CN 201810056455A CN 108265232 A CN108265232 A CN 108265232A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of optimization method and processing step of high-end hot die steel, on the basis of national standard mould steel H13, it is worked on the three areas simultaneously using optimizing raw material formula, optimization smelting technology, optimization heat treatment process, combine the high stability of H13, further improve thermal fatigue resistance, anti-tempered performance, with better hot obdurability, hence it is evident that improve the service life of mold.Have following characteristics and advantage：1. high cleanliness improves the fatigue life of mold；2. the tropisms such as height, excellent shock resistance cracking；3. excellent obdurability and splendid wearability；4. excellent quenching degree, dimensional stability during high-temperature heat treatment；5. heat-resisting corrosivity, splendid heat resistanceheat resistant cracking performance are rushed excellent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machine components field shaping techniques, and in particular to a kind of optimization method of high-end hot die steel and
Processing step.
Background technology
With the rapid development of mould industry, more and more parts are using die casting, hot extrusion, hot forging forming technique.Mesh
The preceding widely applied hot die steel in China is mainly national standard H13 (4Cr5MoSiV1), has good toughness and thermal fatigue
Can, applied to the products such as aluminium compression mod, hot-forging die, the particularly rapid development of Domestic Automotive Industry in recent years, automobile component aluminium
Compression mod, hot-forging die demand be even more blowout increase, open up such mold every year at 100,000,000 sets or more.
Aluminium alloy casting die, the service condition of hot-forging die are more harsh, and the temperature of molten aluminium alloy is usually 650~700
DEG C or so, at 1000 DEG C or so, mold will contact hot forging product temperature with high-temperature metal in use, and mold cavity surface is short
Suddenly 700 DEG C being raised in time, later rapid cooling again, this rapid heat cycle process can generate stress in die surface, however
The maximum operating temperature that H13 mould steel is resistant to is 540 DEG C, and when temperature in use is higher than 540 DEG C, hardness declines rapidly, i.e.,
Heat crack resistance can be decreased obviously according to the raising of temperature, not adapt to the building ring of hot-work die rapid heat cycle in use
Border, mold are on active service under pulsating stress effect, and surface easily leads to the problem of the initial failures such as fatigue crack, corrode, influences mould
The service life of tool.Also, compared with actual demand, degree of purity, elevated temperature strength and the toughness of H13 steel, inoxidizability, tempering are steady
Qualitative and hardness, heat resistance and heat conductivility are required for larger promotion.
The characteristic of mould alloy steel is mainly what is determined by its chemical composition, and Mo is dissolved in the through hardening that steel can be improved in A
Property, Mo be as make mould steel have post-curing main alloy element add in；V is effective member for preventing A grain coarsenings
The important alloy element of element and the steel being on active service at high temperature.The H13 mould steel launched in the market is given birth to by national standard
Production, but in practical application, because of the difference between product requirement, working condition, environmental quality etc. and developed country product also
It is very big.
One of quality index of mould steel is distribution of carbides uniformity, and the phosphorus content of H13 steel is less high, only 0.4%
Left and right, but alloying element total amount is consequently belonging to hypereutectoid steel up to 8%, due to the segregation of carbon and alloying element, in H13 steel sometimes
It will appear the eutectic carbide of meta-stable.This kind of carbide once being formed the angular of bulk or heap networking chain.Due to steel
Choosing point crystallization when ingot solidifies, especially solidification later stage dendritic segregation is serious, and continuous coarse carbon is generated at dendrite net born of the same parents edge
Compound makes plastic deformation drastically decline.After hot-working annealing, carbon-poor area and carbon-rich zone are alternately distributed to form banded structure, cause
Each mechanical property of mold is inconsistent, it will promotes mold premature failure.
Case above is based on, my company is according to the work characteristics of aluminium die casting, hot forged mould, to hot die steel
H13 has carried out targetedly technological innovation, through repetition test, repeatedly improvement, has important breakthrough finally, thus this case generates.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to promote the processing performance of hot die steel, a kind of optimization of high-end hot die steel is provided
Method and processing step, particular content are unfolded by taking the production technology of YFH-17 mould steel as an example.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows：
1. mold steel chemical composition (weight ratio)
| Chemical composition | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | V |
| H13 steel national standards | 0.32~0.45 | 0.80~1.20 | 0.20~0.50 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 | 4.75~5.50 | 1.10~1.75 | 0.80~1.20 |
| YFH-17 steel | 0.35~0.40 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.30~0.60 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.005 | 4.70~5.30 | 2.20~2.80 | 0.40~0.70 |
In addition, YFH-17 steel also contains the rare earth element (Re) no more than 0.02, and H13 steel is then required without this.
2.YFH-17 steel manufacturing process steps are as follows：
It is formulated according to table one and raw material is poured into electric arc furnaces → external refining stove purification → vacuum degassing furnace degassing → melting
Molten steel in the middle part of stove is cast into steel billet (not having to the molten steel of top and bottom, because containing bubble and clinker) → rolling to mold is entered
Become a useful person → electroslag remelting → forge → ultrafining heat-treatment → inspection qualification manufacture in length and breadth
The method of smelting of the present invention can improve the degree of purity of steel, and the non-metallic inclusion content in mould steel is made to reach as follows
Standard shown in table
3. micronization heat treatment process：
Mould steel is warming up to 650 degree with stove heat, after heat preservation 1~2 hour → with stove heat 860~880 degree are warming up to,
After heat preservation 1~2 hour, → when being warming up to 1040~1050 degree with stove heat, by 1~1.5 millimeter of forging thickness it is per minute (with
Maximum thickness of workpiece) soaking time is calculated, a moment of coming out of the stove → be pre-chilled after heat preservation is to close to (temperature be not less than 950 degree) at 950 degree
Quickly enter oil groove to quench oil → answering temperature when going out oil groove, properly (forging holding surface emits white cigarette) temperature should be 350~400 degree → to treat
When temperature is down to 250 degree or so, timely isothermal spheroidizing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：YFH-17 steel is a high-end high-performance developed on the basis of H13 maturation process
Hot die steel, combine the high stability of H13, and further improve thermal fatigue resistance, anti-tempered performance, have more preferable
Hot obdurability, hence it is evident that improve the service life of mold.Have following characteristics and advantage：
1. high cleanliness improves the fatigue life of mold；
2. the tropisms such as height, excellent shock resistance cracking；
3. excellent obdurability and splendid wearability；
4. excellent quenching degree, dimensional stability during high-temperature heat treatment；
5. heat-resisting corrosivity, splendid heat resistanceheat resistant cracking performance are rushed excellent.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the trace element chemistry component prescription contrast table (weight of YFH-17 mould steel and H13 mould steel of the present invention
Than).
Fig. 2 is the non-metallic inclusion content balance table in YFH-17 mould steel and H13 mould steel of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the technological process that YFH-17 mould steel of the present invention makes.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1：
By taking YFH-17 steel as an example,
The trace element chemistry component prescription (weight ratio) of 1.YFH-17 mould steel, referring to following table.
| Chemical composition | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | V |
| H13 steel national standards | 0.32~0.45 | 0.80~1.20 | 0.20~0.50 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 | 4.75~5.50 | 1.10~1.75 | 0.80~1.20 |
| YFH-17 steel | 0.35~0.40 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.30~0.60 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.005 | 4.70~5.30 | 2.20~2.80 | 0.40~0.70 |
As can be seen from the above table：
YFH-17 steel molybdenum (MO) content breaks through H13 standard maxes 1.75, greatly improves to more than 2.20, can make steel in this way
Crystal grain refinement improves quenching degree and thermostrength, keeps enough intensity and creep resisting ability at high temperature (for a long time at high temperature
Work, the gradual deformation of generation claim creep).
YFH-17 steel significantly reduces the content of alum (V) less than H13 standard mins simultaneously, the vanadium content in steel, generally
No more than 0.5%.Vanadium and carbon, ammonia, oxygen have extremely strong affinity, form corresponding stable compound therewith.Its main function is
The tissue and crystal grain of steel are refined, improves the intensity and toughness of steel.When high temperature dissolves in solid solution, increase quenching degree；Conversely, alum
(V) in the presence of content increases such as with carbide form, the quenching degree of steel and intensity and toughness can be reduced.
YFH-17 steel significantly reduces the content of silicon (Si) less than H13 standard mins, and silicon deoxidizing capacity is stronger, is that steel-making is normal
Deoxidier, therefore in general steel siliceous (Si), content≤0.5%, silicon (Si) can be dissolved in ferrite and austenite, carry
Elastic limit, yield point and the tensile strength of Gao Gang.But meanwhile the increase of silicon (Si) content, can with the shape of non-metallic inclusion
Formula exists, and reduces the welding performance of steel, promotes the development of temper brittleness, reduce plasticity, be easily broken off.
YFH-17 steel increases the rare earth element (Re) no more than 6%, and H13 steel is then required without this.Rare earth element (Re)
The plasticity and impact flexibility of forging rolling steel can be improved, the creep-resistant property of high temperature alloy can be improved, the anti-oxidant of steel can also be improved
Property and corrosion resistance, antioxidative effect be more than the elements such as silicon, aluminium, titanium, it can improve the mobility of steel, reduce nonmetallic folder
Sundries makes structure of steel fine and close, pure.
Die casting is on active service at high temperature, it has to be noted that the content of sulphur (S), phosphorus (P) in control mould steel, in H13 steel
The phosphide and sulfide that phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) are formed in process of setting are enriched in grain boundary precipitate, and the combination that can reduce crystal boundary is strong
Degree, thus steel is made to generate intercrystalline britftleness, the plasticity, toughness and fatigue behaviour of steel are reduced, influences the service life of mold.
And sulphur (S) content of YFH-17 steel is controlled 0.005% hereinafter, phosphorus (P) content is controlled below 0.015%.Have
The plasticity, toughness and fatigue behaviour that reduce intercrystalline britftleness, improve steel of effect.
2. the manufacturing technology steps that the YFH-17 steel of the present invention uses are as follows：
It is formulated according to table one and raw material is poured into electric arc furnaces → external refining stove purification → vacuum degassing furnace degassing → melting
Molten steel in the middle part of stove is cast into steel billet (not having to the molten steel of top and bottom, because containing bubble and clinker) → rolling to molding is entered
Become a useful person → electroslag remelting → forge → ultrafining heat-treatment → inspection qualification manufacture in length and breadth
The present invention improves the degree of purity of steel, and the non-metallic inclusion in YF1.2367 mould steel is made to reach as shown in the table
Standard
Non-metallic inclusion in H13 steel destroys metallic continuity, stress concentration is also easy to produce, in the effect of extraneous stress
Under, crack growth is easy to development and expands, and plastic occluded foreignsubstance extends deformation during forging rolling, causes steel generation each different to
Property and lead to mould invalidation.
This case uses the mould steel high purity of electric arc furnaces+external refining+vacuum outgas, (does not have to the steel of top and bottom
Water, because top layer and undermost molten steel contain bubble and clinker) it casts and becomes a useful person through rolling as electroslag base material after ingot casting.
General H13 is that ingot casting is directly entered electroslag process, and the YFH-17 steel of the present invention is become a useful person using ingot casting rolling and carried out again
Electroslag, the electroslag base material done after rolling process are effectively improved dendritic segregation, eliminate the steel knurl of molding ingot surface after rolling again
Oxide layer, the consistent packing ratio that has maintained like again of diameter dimension make electroslag base material with rolling and make ESR ingot to significantly improve
The degree of purity of steel reaches attached standard shown in Fig. 2.
3. micronization heat treatment process, referring to attached drawing 3
Mould steel is warming up to 650 degree with stove heat, after heat preservation 1-2 hours → when being warming up to 860-880 with stove heat and spending
Heat preservation 1-2 hours after, → be warming up to stove heat it is per minute (with maximum by the 1-1.5 millimeters of forging thickness when 1040-1050 is spent
Thickness of workpiece calculates time heat preservation) a moment of coming out of the stove → be pre-chilled after heat preservation quickly enters oil to close to 950 degree (temperature not less than 950 degree)
Slot is quenched oil, and → suitable (forging holding surface the emits white cigarette) temperature of temperature is answered to should be 350-400 degree when going out oil groove → treats that temperature is down to
At 250 degree or so, timely isothermal spheroidizing.
Carbide after YFH-17 structure of steel ultra fines is more tiny, rounding, uniformly, less soluble in Quench heating
Solution can prevent crystal grain from growing up, and refine quenched martensite tissue, can increase substantially the wearability and obdurability of mold, simultaneously
The superheated susceptivity of mold is reduced, it can Reducing distortion and cracking.
YFH-17 uses electric arc furnaces+external refining+vacuum outgas, rolls electroslag of becoming a useful person, with reference to High temperature diffusion, multiway forging
The advanced heat treatment process such as technique, ultra fine, material density is high, and fine microstructures are uniform, has good anti-oxidant
Property and temper resistance, have enough elevated temperature strengths and toughness and higher hardness and heat resistance and good heat conduction
Performance can for a long time be on active service in 600-700 DEG C or so high-temperature work environment, extend the service life of mold.
Our unit is to product《Impact ductility test》Data such as following table
Units of joules
It is apparent that its impact value of YFH-17 steel is superior to H13 by the impact test value (upper table) of contrast test,
Embody the good mechanical performance of YFH-17 steel.
Using the YFH-17 steel for changing metal ingredient and after optimizing manufacturing process, automobile aluminum wheel hub die casting is because of table
Face is corroded or surface thermal fatigue cracking leads to the secondary using mould of failure, by 20,000-2.5 ten thousand moulds using national standard H13 manufacture modules
It is secondary, it is increased to 40,000~4.5 ten thousand moulds；The YFH-17 hot die steels of my company's production are kept absolutely secret in manufacturing technology at present
In the case of, our company client is supplied to try out, such as the aluminium wheel for General Motors, Shanghai Volkswagen, leading company of Japanese Toyota supplies
Quotient is answered, reaction is fabulous.It is tried out on hot-forging die field in our company client：For Shaoxing Xiang is auspicious, one victory of Tianjin spy, Yangzhou Heng Tong etc.
On the hot forged mould of company, service life by automobile fitting hot-forging die 1.2 ten thousand-1.4 ten thousand mould that is made of H13, be increased to 20,000-
2.2 ten thousand moulds；By the hot-forging die 3000-4000 moulds made of H13 on the hot-forging die of manufacture tool wrench, it is increased to
7000 moulds time or so；The service life of hot-forging die is effectively raised, can be that client creates good economic benefit, comply with and know clearly
China switchs to the development trend of manufacturing power from manufacture big country.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of optimization method and processing step of high-end hot die steel, it is characterised in that：Mold steel chemical composition (weight
Than) it is as shown in the table
In addition, YFH-17 steel also contains the rare earth element (Re) no more than 0.02.
2. a kind of optimization method and processing step of high-end hot die steel as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：YFH-
17 steel manufacturing process steps are as follows：
It is formulated according to table one and raw material is poured into electric arc furnaces → external refining stove purification → vacuum degassing furnace degassing → in smelting furnace
The molten steel in portion is to entering mold and be cast into steel billet (not having to the molten steel of top and bottom, because containing bubble and clinker) → rolling to become a useful person
→ electroslag remelting → forges → ultrafining heat-treatment → inspection qualification manufacture in length and breadth
The method of smelting of the present invention makes the non-metallic inclusion content in mould steel be not more than standard shown in following table
3. a kind of optimization method and processing step of high-end hot die steel as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
Micronization heat treatment process it is as follows：
Mould steel is warming up to 650 degree with stove heat, after heat preservation 1~2 hour → protect when being warming up to 860~880 degree with stove heat
Temperature is after 1~2 hour, → when being warming up to 1040~1050 degree with stove heat, it is per minute (with most by 1~1.5 millimeter of forging thickness
Big thickness of workpiece calculates soaking time) a moment of coming out of the stove → be pre-chilled after heat preservation quickly soaks to close to 950 degree (temperature is not less than 950 degree)
Enter oil groove to quench oil → suitable (forging holding surface the emits white cigarette) temperature of temperature is answered to should be 350~400 degree when going out oil groove → and treat temperature
When being down to 250 degree or so, timely isothermal spheroidizing.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109207678A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-15 | 上大鑫仑材料科技（广东）有限公司 | A kind of hot forged mould heat treatment method and its application |
| CN110016537A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-07-16 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | A kind of production method of plastic mould steel refining ingot casting low-sulfur, phosphorus and low inclusion content |
| CN110669982A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-01-10 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Microalloyed die steel with high purity and preparation method thereof |
| CN111057955A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-04-24 | 重庆优特模具有限公司 | Die steel and preparation method thereof |
| WO2021134949A1 (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-08 | 龙南龙钇重稀土科技股份有限公司 | Hot-work die steel electroslag remelting ingot and preparation method therefor |
| CN114934230A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-23 | 天津钢研海德科技有限公司 | Hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109207678A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-15 | 上大鑫仑材料科技（广东）有限公司 | A kind of hot forged mould heat treatment method and its application |
| CN110016537A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-07-16 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | A kind of production method of plastic mould steel refining ingot casting low-sulfur, phosphorus and low inclusion content |
| CN110669982A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-01-10 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Microalloyed die steel with high purity and preparation method thereof |
| WO2021134949A1 (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-08 | 龙南龙钇重稀土科技股份有限公司 | Hot-work die steel electroslag remelting ingot and preparation method therefor |
| CN111057955A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-04-24 | 重庆优特模具有限公司 | Die steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114934230A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-23 | 天津钢研海德科技有限公司 | Hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
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