CN114934230A - Hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
- B21C25/025—Selection of materials therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the die steel comprises, by weight, 0.35-0.4% of C, 0.1-0.3% of Si, 0.4-0.6% of Mn, 5.0-5.2% of Cr, 1.8-2.0% of Mo, 0.6-0.8% of V, 0.01-0.02% of P, 0.0005-0.001% of S and the balance of Fe; the preparation process of the hot work die steel comprises the following steps: smelting in an intermediate frequency furnace and refining in an LF furnace, and then carrying out VD degassing and argon protection pouring; after pouring, carrying out atmosphere protection electroslag, annealing, carrying out high-temperature diffusion and six-face forging after annealing, and finally carrying out fine grain heat treatment and spheroidizing annealing; the die steel prepared by the steps has high toughness, high thermal stability, high hardness, high comprehensive performance and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hot work die steel, in particular to hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The H13 steel has the main characteristics of good heat strength, hardenability and thermal fatigue resistance, so the H13 steel is widely applied to a hot forging die, a hot extrusion die and the like; however, with the development of die forging equipment and the common application of high-strength and high-toughness forgings, the H13 steel is difficult to adapt to higher requirements brought by technical development. For example, H13 steel has softening resistance at higher temperatures, but when the temperature is higher than 540 ℃ (1000 ° F), its hardness decreases rapidly, and it is easy to break or crack due to impact load and repeated temperature difference during use.
The invention provides hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the defects of toughness and tempering resistance are main reasons for causing the failure of H13 steel, and the working life of the hot work die steel cannot meet the requirements directly.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and the manufacturing method thereof, and solves the problems of the existing H13 steel.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
C 0.35-0.4％， Si 0.1-0.3％， Mn 0.4-0.6％，
Cr 5.0-5.2％， Mo 1.8-2.0％， V 0.6-0.8％，
0.01 to 0.02 percent of P, 0.0005 to 0.001 percent of S and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness comprises the following chemical component contents in percentage by weight: 0.37% of C, 0.2% of Si, 0.5% of Mn, 5% of Cr, 2% of Mo, 0.7% of V, 0.015% of P, 0.0007% of S and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness comprises the following chemical component contents in percentage by weight: 0.35% of C, 0.1% of Si, 0.4% of Mn, 5.2% of Cr, 2% of Mo, 0.6% of V, 0.02% of P, 0.001% of S and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness comprises the following chemical component contents in percentage by weight: 0.4% of C, 0.3% of Si, 0.6% of Mn, 5% of Cr, 1.8% of Mo, 0.8% of V, 0.015% of P, 0.001% of S and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the oxygen content of the hot work die steel having high temper softening resistance and high toughness is 5 to 10 ppm.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness, which comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting in an intermediate frequency furnace: proportioning the chemical components according to the weight percentage of the hot die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness, putting the proportioned raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, stopping slag after smelting, and adding a deoxidizer for deoxidation;
s2, refining in an LF furnace: putting the raw material obtained in the step S1 into an LF furnace, adjusting alloy components through LF refining, and performing deoxidation and desulfurization, wherein the S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.003%;
s3: VD degassing and argon protection pouring: controlling the oxygen content in the steel to be 10-20ppm by a VD furnace; then, casting and molding the molten steel under the protection of argon to prevent oxygen dissolved into the atmosphere in the steel;
s4: atmosphere protection electroslag: remelting the cast steel ingot by an atmosphere protection electroslag technology, improving the purity of steel, and reducing the sulfur content to be below 5ppm so as to improve the solidification condition of the steel and further improve the compactness and the tissue uniformity of the steel ingot;
s5: stress annealing: slowly cooling the steel ingot or performing stress relief annealing at the temperature of 760-820 ℃;
s6: high-temperature diffusion: carrying out high-temperature diffusion on the steel ingot at 1180-1280 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is longer than 12 hours, and reducing the element segregation;
s7: six-surface forging: six-sided forging is carried out on the steel ingot, the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours at the temperature of 1200-1300 ℃, open forging is carried out at the temperature of 1180-1220 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is 850-900 ℃;
s8: fine grain heat treatment: preserving the temperature of the forged steel ingot at 1010-1050 ℃ for 8-15 hours, and then carrying out mist cooling to 600 ℃ to eliminate secondary carbide precipitation along the grain boundary;
s9: spheroidizing annealing: charging the furnace at the temperature of 300 ℃ and 500 ℃, then preserving the heat for 15-20 hours at the temperature of 820 ℃ and 860 ℃, cooling the furnace to below 500 ℃, discharging the furnace and air cooling.
Preferably, in the S2, refining is carried out in an LF furnace, the alloy composition is adjusted and the desulfuration is carried out through the LF refining, and the S is controlled to be 0.002-0.003%.
Preferably, in S3, VD degassing and argon-protected casting: controlling the oxygen content in the steel to be 15-20ppm by a VD furnace; and the molten steel is cast and molded by adopting a down-pouring method.
Preferably, in S4, the atmosphere protective electroslag: the purity grade of the steel needs to meet the requirement of NADCA # 207-2008.
Preferably, in S7, six-sided forging: six-side forging is carried out on the steel ingot, and the total forging ratio is not less than 6.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the raw material proportion of the die steel is 0.35-0.4% of C, 0.1-0.3% of Si, 0.4-0.6% of Mn0.0-5.2% of Cr, 1.8-2.0% of Mo, 0.6-0.8% of V, 0.01-0.02% of P, 0.0005-0.001% of S and the balance of Fe;
the potential for improving the performance of the die steel is given through the reasonable proportion of the elements; and the purity is improved by matching with electroslag remelting, the uniformity is improved by six-face forging technology, the structure and crystal grains are refined by heat treatment, and finally the obtained die steel has high tempering resistance, high toughness, high strength and high thermal stability, compared with the prior art, the comprehensive performance is obviously improved, and the service life is prolonged by 30-200% compared with that of the common H13 steel.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention in any way:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the tempering characteristics of the hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness of the present invention and H13 steel after quenching at 1030 ℃.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the metallographic structure of the hot work die steel having high temper softening resistance and high toughness according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a line graph showing data for unnotched impact power for high temper softening and high toughness hot work die steel of the present invention and H13 steel;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of thermal stability data at 600 ℃ between the large-section die-casting high-performance hot-work die steel of example 1 and H13 steel;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a comparison of thermal stability data at 500 deg.C, 550 deg.C and 600 deg.C for the hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness in example one;
fig. 6 shows a metallographic structure of H13 steel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the embodiment of the present invention provides three technical solutions, which are as follows:
example one
In the embodiment, the hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness adopts the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
C 0.37％， Si 0.2％， Mn 0.5％， Cr 5.1％， Mo 1.9％，
v0.7%, P0.02%, S0.0007%, and the balance Fe.
The method for producing the hot-work die steel by using the material proportion of the embodiment I comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting in an intermediate frequency furnace: proportioning the raw materials according to the alloy elements in the embodiment, putting the proportioned raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, stopping slag after smelting is finished, and adding a deoxidizer for deoxidation;
s2, refining in an LF furnace: putting the raw material obtained in the step S1 into an LF furnace, adjusting alloy components through LF refining, and performing deoxidation and desulfurization, wherein the S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.003%;
s3: VD degassing and argon protection pouring: controlling the oxygen content in the steel to be 10ppm by a VD furnace; then, casting and molding the molten steel under the protection of argon to prevent oxygen dissolved in the atmosphere in the steel;
s4: atmosphere protection electroslag: remelting the cast steel ingot by an atmosphere protection electroslag technology, improving the purity of steel, and reducing the sulfur content to be below 5ppm so as to improve the solidification condition of the steel, wherein the compactness and the tissue uniformity of the steel ingot are improved under the good solidification condition;
s5: stress annealing: slowly cooling the remelted steel ingot or performing stress relief annealing at the temperature of 760-820 ℃;
s6: high-temperature diffusion: carrying out high-temperature diffusion on the steel ingot at the temperature of 1180-1280 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time needs to be longer than hours so as to reduce the element segregation and prepare for further processing;
s7: six-surface forging: six-sided forging is carried out on the steel ingot, original coarse and large crystals are crushed, the defects such as welding holes and the like are reduced, the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours at 1200 ℃, then open forging is carried out at 1180-1220 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is 850-900 ℃; rapidly cooling after forging;
s8: fine grain heat treatment: preserving the temperature of the forged steel ingot at 1010-1050 ℃ for 8-15 hours, and then carrying out mist cooling to 600 ℃ to eliminate secondary carbide precipitation along the grain boundary;
s9: spheroidizing annealing: charging at 350 ℃, heating to 820-860 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15-20 hours, cooling the furnace to 300 ℃, and then discharging and air cooling.
After the hot-work die steel is processed by the steps, the specification of a final finished product is 200mm 610mm 3900mm forging block, the following performance tests are carried out by sampling, and the test results are as follows:
(1) and (3) testing a phase transformation point: the results of the Ac1, Ac3, and Ms point tests were 830 deg.C, 930 deg.C, and 310 deg.C, respectively.
(2) Testing tempering property: the hot work die steel is compared with H13 steel in a tempering characteristic test at 1030 ℃, the characteristic curve of the tempered hardness after quenching along with the change of the tempering temperature is shown in figure 1, and obviously, the tempering resistance of the hot work die steel is better than that of H13 steel.
(3) And (3) hardness testing: the quenching hardness at 1035 ℃ is 58 HRC; the temper hardness at 600 ℃ is 52 HRC.
(4) And (3) annealing structure: the annealing structure of the hot work die steel of the invention is shown in figure 2.
(5) Impact toughness test: according to the requirements on the impact toughness test in the North American die casting Association standard (NADCA #207-2008), a core part transverse impact test sample is taken on the blank, and the size of the test sample is 7mm multiplied by 10mm multiplied by 55 mm; the actual measurement shows that the impact power value range is 339J-410J when the blank hardness is 45-50HRC at room temperature (20 ℃), and refer to fig. 3 specifically; and when the hardness of the blank is 47HRC, the tensile strength is 1490 MPa.
(6) And (3) testing the same temperature thermal stability: the hot work die steel of the invention is compared with H13 steel for stability at 600 ℃, and the test result is shown in figure 4. As can be seen from the attached figure 4, the hardness values of the H13 steel after quenching and tempering treatment are all 52HRC as the hardness values of the steel of the invention, although the hardness values of the hot die steel of the invention are consistent with those of the H13 steel before the experiment is started, the hot die steel of the invention is superior to the H13 steel in the aspect of the hardness change of 20-hour thermal stability experiment at 600 ℃.
(7) And (3) testing the temperature change thermal stability: the hot work die steel of the invention is subjected to thermal stability tests at 500, 550 ℃ and 600 ℃, and the test results are shown in figure 5.
Example two
In the embodiment, the hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness adopts the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
C 0.35％， Si 0.1％， Mn 0.4％， Cr 5.2％， Mo 2.0％，
v0.6%, P0.02%, S0.001%, and the balance Fe.
The method for producing the hot-work die steel by using the material proportion of the example II comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting in an intermediate frequency furnace: proportioning the raw materials according to the alloy elements in the embodiment, putting the proportioned raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, stopping slag after smelting is finished, and adding a deoxidizer for deoxidation;
s2, refining in an LF furnace: putting the raw material obtained in the step S1 into an LF furnace, adjusting alloy components through LF refining, and performing deoxidation and desulfurization, wherein the S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.003%;
s3: VD degassing and argon protection pouring: controlling the oxygen content in the steel to be 10ppm by a VD furnace; then, casting and molding the molten steel under the protection of argon to prevent oxygen dissolved in the atmosphere in the steel;
s4: atmosphere protection electroslag: remelting the cast steel ingot by an atmosphere protection electroslag technology, improving the purity of steel, and reducing the sulfur content to be below 5ppm so as to improve the solidification condition of the steel, wherein the compactness and the tissue uniformity of the steel ingot are improved under the good solidification condition;
s5: stress annealing: slowly cooling the remelted steel ingot or performing stress relief annealing at the temperature of 760-820 ℃;
s6: high-temperature diffusion: carrying out high-temperature diffusion on the steel ingot at the temperature of 1180-1280 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time needs to be longer than hours so as to reduce the element segregation and prepare for further processing;
s7: six-surface forging: six-sided forging is carried out on the steel ingot, original coarse and large crystals are crushed, defects such as welding holes are reduced, heat preservation is carried out for 2.5 hours at 1200 ℃, then open forging is carried out at the temperature of 1180-1220 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is 850-900 ℃; rapidly cooling after forging;
s8: fine grain heat treatment: preserving the temperature of the forged steel ingot at 1010-1050 ℃ for 8-15 hours, and then carrying out mist cooling to 600 ℃ to eliminate secondary carbide precipitation along the grain boundary;
s9: spheroidizing annealing: charging at 350 deg.C, heating to 820-860 deg.C, holding for 15-20 hr, cooling to 300 deg.C, and air cooling.
After the hot-work die steel is processed through the steps, the specification of a final finished product is 200mm 610mm 3900mm forging block, sampling is carried out, the following performance tests are carried out, the test result is similar to that of the first embodiment, and the hardness, tempering resistance, toughness and high thermal stability of the hot-work die steel are all higher than those of H13 steel, and details are not repeated here.
EXAMPLE III
In the embodiment, the hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness adopts the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
C 0.4％， Si 0.3％， Mn 0.6％， Cr 5.0％， Mo 1.8％，
0.8% of V, 0.015% of P, 0.001% of S and the balance of Fe.
The method for producing hot-work die steel by using the material proportion of the third embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting in an intermediate frequency furnace: proportioning the raw materials according to the alloy elements in the embodiment, putting the proportioned raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, stopping slag after smelting is finished, and adding a deoxidizer for deoxidation;
s2, refining in an LF furnace: putting the raw material obtained in the step S1 into an LF furnace, adjusting alloy components through LF refining, and performing deoxidation and desulfurization, wherein the S content is controlled to be 0.003%;
s3: VD degassing and argon protection pouring: controlling the oxygen content in the steel to be 10ppm by a VD furnace; then, casting and molding the molten steel under the protection of argon to prevent oxygen dissolved into the atmosphere in the steel;
s4: atmosphere protection electroslag: remelting the cast steel ingot by an atmosphere protection electroslag technology, improving the purity of steel, and reducing the sulfur content to be below 5ppm so as to improve the solidification condition of the steel, wherein the compactness and the tissue uniformity of the steel ingot are improved under the good solidification condition;
s5: stress annealing: slowly cooling the remelted steel ingot or performing stress relief annealing at 820 ℃;
s6: high-temperature diffusion: carrying out high-temperature diffusion on the steel ingot at 1260 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time needs to be longer than hours so as to reduce element segregation and prepare for further processing;
s7: six-face forging: six-side forging is carried out on the steel ingot, original coarse and large crystals are crushed, defects such as welding cavities and the like are reduced, heat preservation is carried out for 2.5 hours at 1200 ℃, then open forging is carried out at 1220 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is 890 ℃; rapidly cooling after forging;
s8: fine grain heat treatment: preserving the temperature of the forged steel ingot at 1050 ℃ for 15 hours, and then carrying out mist cooling to 600 ℃ to eliminate secondary carbide precipitation along a crystal boundary;
s9: spheroidizing annealing: charging at 350 deg.C, heating to 840 deg.C, holding for 15 hr, cooling to 300 deg.C, and air cooling.
After the hot-work die steel is processed through the steps, the specification of a final finished product is 200mm 610mm 3900mm forging block, sampling is carried out, the following performance tests are carried out, the test result is similar to that of the first embodiment, and the hardness, tempering resistance, toughness and high thermal stability of the hot-work die steel are all higher than those of H13 steel, and details are not repeated here.
Comparative example
The H13 comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
C 0.39％， Si 1.00％， Mn 0.40％， Cr 5.20％， Mo 1.40％，
v0.90%, P0.025%, S0.003%, and Fe the rest.
The finished product specification is 500mm 800mm 4000mm module, sampling analysis:
(1) and (3) testing a phase transformation point: the results of the Ac1, Ac3, and Ms point tests were 820 deg.C, 890 deg.C, and 340 deg.C, respectively.
(2) Testing tempering property: the hot work die steel is compared with H13 steel in a tempering characteristic test at 1030 ℃, the characteristic curve of the change of the tempering hardness along with the tempering temperature after quenching is shown in figure 1, and it can be obviously seen that the tempering resistance of the hot work die steel is superior to that of H13 steel.
(3) And (3) hardness testing: the quenching hardness at 1035 ℃ is 52 HRC; the 600 ℃ temper hardness is 48 HRC.
(4) Annealing structure test: the annealing structure of the hot work die steel of the invention is shown in figure 6.
(5) Impact toughness test: according to the requirements of the North American die casting Association standard (NADCA #207- & ltSUB & gt 2008) on the impact toughness test, a transverse impact test sample is taken on the blank, and the size of the test sample is 7mm multiplied by 10mm multiplied by 55 mm; the actual measurement shows that the impact power value of the blank ranges from 230J to 340J when the hardness of the blank is 45 to 50HRC at room temperature (20 ℃), and the specific reference is made to the attached figure 3; and when the hardness of the blank is 47HRC, the tensile strength is 1400 MPa.
(6) And (3) testing thermal stability: the stability comparison experiment is carried out on the H13 steel under the condition of 600 ℃, and the test result is shown in the attached figure 4; as can be seen from the attached figure 4, the hardness values of the H13 steel after quenching and tempering treatment are all 52HRC as the hardness values of the steel of the invention, although the hardness values of the hot die steel of the invention are consistent with those of the H13 steel before the experiment is started, the thermal stability of the hot die steel of the invention is better than that of the H13 steel when the experiment is carried out for 20 hours at 600 ℃.
Note that:
in the steps of the method for manufacturing the die steel according to the above embodiment,
in S3, molten steel is cast and molded by adopting a down-pouring method, and the down-pouring method is most suitable for the method after multiple tests, and the surface quality of the cast and molded molten steel is good;
in S4, the purity grade of the steel needs to meet the requirement of NADCA #207-2008 to reach the relevant standard;
and S7, in the process of six-side forging of the steel ingot, the total forging ratio is not less than 6, so that the steel ingot can be completely forged.
In addition, the applicant also performed a plurality of tests on various temperature and time values in the method steps of the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment, specifically as follows:
in S5, stress relief annealing is carried out on the remelted steel ingot under the heat preservation condition of 760 ℃ or 820 ℃;
in S6, the steel ingot is diffused at 1250 ℃ or 1260 ℃ at high temperature;
in S7, open forging is carried out at the temperature of 1190 ℃ or 1220 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is 880 ℃ or 890 ℃;
in S8, the forged steel ingot or the forged steel ingot is subjected to heat preservation at 1010 ℃ or 1050 ℃ for 10 hours or 15 hours;
s9, charging at 300 ℃ or 500 ℃, heating to 820 ℃ or 840 ℃, preserving heat for 16 or 18 hours, cooling to 300 ℃ or 500 ℃, discharging and air cooling;
through multiple tests, a specific data range in S5-S8 is obtained, and when the die steel is manufactured by adopting the material proportion in the same embodiment, as long as the data of time, temperature and the like in S5-S8 do not exceed the range value, the performance indexes of the finally obtained die steel are the same or very similar; from this, it is found that, when producing die steel, various data in the processing step need only be set within a predetermined range of values.
The material proportion is used as a key for influencing the final performance of the die steel, so in the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment, different material proportions are respectively adopted to produce the hot-working die steel, the obtained die steel is sampled to be subjected to performance testing, and the hardness, tempering resistance, toughness and high thermal stability of the finally obtained experimental result are all higher than those of H13 steel, so that the range of the material proportion of the die steel is determined, and if the range is exceeded, the experimental result has larger difference.
In addition, the specific material proportion of the materials in the embodiment is determined according to the action of each alloy element:
carbon [ C ]: carbon is one of the most important elements for improving the hardenability and the hardenability of the material, and alloy carbide can be formed to improve the wear resistance, but the addition amount is excessive, the quenching structure is high-carbon martensite, the brittleness is high, and therefore, the content of the carbon is controlled to be 0.35-0.4%.
Silicon [ Si ]: the silicon element is an effective element for improving the tempering resistance, and the content of the silicon element in the steel is improved, so that the decomposition of martensite in the tempering process of the steel is slowed down; in addition, silicon added into the steel grade plays a role in deoxidation, and also enters a matrix to play a role in solid solution strengthening, so that the strength and the wear resistance of the steel are improved; however, since segregation is likely to occur when the amount of Si added is too large, the Si content is controlled to 0.1 to 0.3%.
Manganese [ Mn ]: although the manganese element is a weak carbide forming element and cannot form a carbide strengthening effect, the addition of a certain amount of manganese element can promote the decomposition of cementite and delay the precipitation and growth of carbide, thereby being beneficial to the thermal stability of steel. In addition, the manganese element can cause the content of the residual austenite in the steel to be increased and stabilized, so that the toughness and the thermal fatigue resistance of the steel can be improved; however, if the amount of Mn is too large, the amount of retained austenite in the quenched structure becomes too large, and the wear resistance of the steel grade is adversely lowered, so that the Mn content is controlled to 0.4 to 0.6%.
Chromium [ Cr ]: cr mainly forms Cr23C6 type carbide in hot work die steel, plays a role in strengthening and improves the strength of the steel; chromium is added into the steel, so that the high-temperature performance can be improved, the stability of the structure and the performance at high temperature is ensured, the chromium is an element for reducing a gamma phase region, the addition amount is too much, and low-hardness ferrite is easy to appear in a quenching structure; moreover, chromium can also improve the brittle transition temperature of steel and promote the warm tempering brittleness of the steel, and the chromium content is controlled to be 5.0-5.2 percent in the invention.
Molybdenum [ Mo ]: molybdenum is added into the steel, which mainly improves the thermal stability and the tempering resistance of the steel, improves the thermal fatigue resistance of the steel and eliminates the tempering brittleness of the steel; when the molybdenum content is more, six phases or other brittle phases are easy to appear to reduce the toughness, promote the decarburization and reduce the heat conductivity, so the molybdenum content is controlled to be 1.8-2.0 percent.
Vanadium [ V ]: v has great affinity with O, N, so that the alloy can be deoxidized and degassed to obtain compact fine-grained structure, and the plasticity, toughness, strength and wear resistance are improved, but the alloy is not beneficial to carburization; v is a strong carbide element, and the common VC compound has high dispersity and is extremely stable; the VC dispersion prevents the growth of welding seam grains, so that the welding performance can be improved; vanadium improves the high-temperature creep deformation and the endurance strength of steel, and improves the heat strength of steel; the solid solution in austenite can improve the hardenability of steel, the compound state can reduce the hardenability of steel, the tempering stability of steel is improved, and the solid solution has strong secondary hardening effect and strong solid solution strengthening effect when being dissolved in ferrite; however, too much vanadium content is added to increase the toughness and plasticity of the steel and make machining difficult. Therefore, the content of vanadium is controlled between 0.6 and 0.8 percent.
Phosphorus [ P ]: harmful elements, which increase the brittle transition temperature of steel; the welding performance is deteriorated, the plasticity is reduced, the cold bending property is deteriorated, the tempering brittleness (tempering is separated along a grain boundary) is increased, and crystal grains are coarsened; the phosphorus content of the product is controlled to be 0.01-0.02%.
Sulfur [ S ]: harmful elements; the strength and toughness of the steel are reduced; the sulfur content in the hot work die steel is reduced as much as possible, the sulfur content in the product is controlled to be 0.0005-0.001%, and the sulfur content needs to be controlled to be not more than 0.001% when refining in an LF furnace in order to reduce toxicity.
It should be noted that in the prior art, nickel is generally used to improve strength, hardenability, plasticity and toughness, improve corrosion resistance of H13 steel, and nickel is used in combination with Cr and Mo to improve heat strength; however, the austenite phase region is easily expanded due to excessive addition of nickel, and the content of residual austenite is increased; therefore, the ratio of molybdenum is increased to replace nickel, so that the austenite content is reduced, and a better effect is achieved; and because nickel is removed, the proportion of vanadium is correspondingly adjusted.
In conclusion, compared with the existing H13 steel, the die steel disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the content of molybdenum is properly increased, the content of silicon, manganese and vanadium is reduced, and the performance of the die steel is improved through the reasonable proportion of the elements; referring to fig. 2-3, it can be seen from comparison of the die steel produced by the embodiment of the present invention with H13 steel that the impact resistance of the die steel of the present invention is significantly higher than H13 under the same hardness; and the purity is improved by matching with electroslag remelting, the uniformity is improved by six-face forging technology, the structure and crystal grains are refined by heat treatment, and finally the obtained die steel has high tempering resistance, high toughness, high strength and high thermal stability, the comprehensive performance is obviously improved, and the service life is prolonged by 30-200% compared with that of the common H13 steel.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.35-0.4% of C, 0.1-0.3% of Si, 0.4-0.6% of Mn, 5.0-5.2% of Cr, 1.8-2.0% of Mo, 0.6-0.8% of V, 0.01-0.02% of P, 0.0005-0.001% of S and the balance of Fe.
2. The hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.37% of C, 0.2% of Si, 0.5% of Mn, 5% of Cr, 2% of Mo, 0.7% of V, 0.015% of P, 0.0007% of S and the balance of Fe.
3. The high temper softening and high toughness hot work die steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said high temper softening and high toughness hot work die steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.35% of C, 0.1% of Si, 0.4% of Mn, 5.2% of Cr, 2% of Mo, 0.6% of V, 0.02% of P, 0.001% of S and the balance of Fe.
4. The high temper softening and high toughness hot work die steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said high temper softening and high toughness hot work die steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.4% of C, 0.3% of Si, 0.6% of Mn, 5% of Cr, 1.8% of Mo, 0.8% of V, 0.015% of P, 0.001% of S and the balance of Fe.
5. The hot-work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hot-work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness has an oxygen content of 5 to 10 ppm.
6. The method for producing a hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1: smelting in an intermediate frequency furnace: proportioning the chemical components in percentage by weight of the hot work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness, putting the proportioned raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, stopping slag after smelting, and adding a deoxidizer for deoxidation;
s2, refining in an LF furnace: putting the raw material obtained in the step S1 into an LF furnace, adjusting alloy components through LF refining, and performing deoxidation and desulfurization, wherein the S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.003%;
s3: VD degassing and argon protection pouring: controlling the oxygen content in the steel to be 10-20ppm by a VD furnace; then, casting and molding the molten steel under the protection of argon to prevent oxygen dissolved in the atmosphere in the steel;
s4: atmosphere protection electroslag: remelting the cast steel ingot by an atmosphere protection electroslag technology, improving the purity of steel, and reducing the sulfur content to be below 5ppm so as to improve the solidification condition of the steel and further improve the compactness and the tissue uniformity of the steel ingot;
s5: stress annealing: slowly cooling the steel ingot or performing stress relief annealing at the temperature of 760-820 ℃;
s6: high-temperature diffusion: carrying out high-temperature diffusion on the steel ingot at 1180-1280 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is longer than 12 hours, and reducing the element segregation;
s7: six-face forging: six-sided forging is carried out on the steel ingot, the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours at the temperature of 1200-1300 ℃, open forging is carried out at the temperature of 1180-1220 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is 850-900 ℃;
s8: fine grain heat treatment: preserving the temperature of the forged steel ingot at 1010-1050 ℃ for 8-15 hours, and then carrying out mist cooling to 600 ℃ to eliminate secondary carbide precipitation along the grain boundary;
s9: spheroidizing annealing: charging the furnace at the temperature of 300 ℃ and 500 ℃, then preserving the heat for 15-20 hours at the temperature of 820 ℃ and 860 ℃, cooling the furnace to below 500 ℃, discharging the furnace and air cooling.
7. The method for manufacturing a hot-work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness as claimed in claim 6, wherein in S2, the LF furnace refining is adopted to adjust the alloy composition and desulfurize through the LF refining, and the S is controlled to be 0.002-0.003%.
8. The method for manufacturing a hot-work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness as claimed in claim 6, wherein in S3, VD degassing and argon protection casting are carried out: controlling the oxygen content in the steel to be 15-20ppm by a VD furnace; and the molten steel is cast and molded by adopting a down-pouring method.
9. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the purity grade of the steel in S4 satisfies the requirement of NADCA # 207-.
10. The method for manufacturing a hot-work die steel with high temper softening resistance and high toughness as claimed in claim 6, wherein in S7, six-sided forging: six-side forging is carried out on the steel ingot, and the total forging ratio is not less than 6.
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