CN102907561A - 提高老年动物的生活质量的方法 - Google Patents
提高老年动物的生活质量的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102907561A CN102907561A CN2012104181100A CN201210418110A CN102907561A CN 102907561 A CN102907561 A CN 102907561A CN 2012104181100 A CN2012104181100 A CN 2012104181100A CN 201210418110 A CN201210418110 A CN 201210418110A CN 102907561 A CN102907561 A CN 102907561A
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Abstract
通过将包含至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸和氨基酸、矿物质和抗氧化剂的各种组合的组合物,以有效增强警觉、增加活力、保护软骨、保持肌肉质量、提高消化率和改进皮肤和毛皮品质的量,饲喂给动物来提高老年动物或超老年动物生活质量的方法。
Description
本申请是申请号为200580048733.1,申请日为2005年12月30日,名称为“提高老年动物的生活质量的方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2004年12月30日提交的美国专利临时申请第60/640,890号的优先权,该申请内容通过引用结合到本文中。
发明背景
发明领域
本发明一般涉及提高动物生活质量的方法,尤其是用含有ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的食物组合物提高老年动物或超老年动物生活质量的方法。
相关领域说明
伴侣动物例如犬和猫根据其生命阶段(年龄)、大小、身体组成和种类经常需要不同的饮食。犬和猫二者的营养需求都可基于年龄分为三种不同种类:幼年犬(或猫)、成年犬(或猫)和老年犬(或猫)。后面的类别老年犬(或猫)可进一步分为两个阶段,包括老年(或成熟成年)和超老年(或衰老)。犬进一步分为不同种类:常规犬对大型犬。
由ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸组成的必须脂肪酸是动物健康的关键营养物。然而,这些营养物不能由动物制造,或不能制造出足以产生益处的量,因此,必须在动物饮食中消费。参见例如Hornstra,G.,等“Essential fatty acids in pregnancy and early human development”,Eur.J.Obs.& Gyn.and Reprod.Biology,61:57-62(1995)。先前业已假定二十二碳六烯酸(“DHA”)这种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸在提高老年小鼠的迷宫学习能力和脑功能方面有效。参见Lim,S.-Y.,“Intakes ofdietary docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester and egg phosphatidylcholineimprove maze-learning ability in young and old mice”,J.Nutr.,130:1629-1632(2000)。
Rogers讨论了抗氧化剂减慢认知功能退化(尤其是在老年中)这种潜在效用的理论。参见Rogers,P.,“A healthy body,a healthy mind:long-term impact of diet on mood and cognitive function”,Proceedings ofthe Nutrition Society,60:135-143(2001)。
尽管有关于改进认知能力的研究和进展,仍继续需要用于提高老年动物生活质量的方法,其通过在老年和超老年动物中增强警觉、增加活力、保护软骨、保持肌肉质量、提高消化率和改进皮肤和毛皮品质来测量。
发明简述
本发明提供通过将包含至少约9%重量的蛋白质、至少约5%重量的脂肪和至少约0.05%重量的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的组合物饲喂给动物,来改进老年动物或超老年动物生活质量的方法。
在一个实施方案中,本发明方法包括将有效提高动物生活质量的量的组合物饲喂给动物,其中提高的生活质量由一种或多种选自以下的特性的改进来证明:警觉、活力、软骨保护、肌肉质量保持、消化率和皮肤和毛皮品质。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明方法包括将包含至少一种选自二十二碳六烯酸(“DHA”)和二十碳五烯酸(“EPA”)的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的组合物饲喂给动物。在另外的实施方案中,该方法包括将进一步包含至少一种抗氧化剂和至少一种选自以下的营养物的组合物饲喂给动物:胆碱、锰、甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸、L-肉碱、赖氨酸和其混合物。
本发明另外的和进一步的目标、特色和优点对本领域技术人员将显而易见。
发明详述
定义
术语“老年”或“成熟成年”指动物的生命阶段。对于小型犬或常规犬而言,“老年”生命阶段为约7到约10岁。对于猫而言,“老年”生命阶段为约7到约12岁。对于大型犬,超过5岁代表下文所述的“超老年”。
术语“超老年”或“衰老”指动物的特殊生命阶段。对于小型犬或常规犬而言,超老年阶段为大于10岁的任何年龄。对于大型犬,超老年阶段为大于5岁的任何年龄。对于猫而言,超老年阶段为大于12岁的任何年龄。
术语“大型”犬指成年时重量超过55磅的犬。
术语“抗氧化剂”指能够与自由基反应并使其中和的物质。这种物质的例证性实例包括β-胡萝卜素、硒、辅酶Q10(泛醌)、梅毒螺旋体素、生育三烯醇、大豆异黄酮、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、谷胱甘肽、牛磺酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、维生素E、维生素C、硫辛酸和L-肉碱。含有一种或多种有益水平的抗氧化剂的食物实例包括但不限于银杏、绿茶、椰菜、柑桔、葡萄渣、西红柿渣、胡萝卜、菠菜和各种水果膳食和蔬菜膳食。
发明
本发明提供用于改进老年动物或超老年动物的生活质量的方法。方法包括将包含至少约9%重量的蛋白质、至少约5%重量的脂肪和至少约0.05%重量的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的组合物饲喂给动物。该方法用于在老年动物或超老年动物中增强警觉、增加活力、保护软骨、保持肌肉质量、提高消化率和改进皮肤和毛皮品质。不受理论的束缚,本发明的益处可为将ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸添加到老年动物或超老年动物饮食中得到的生理学效应的结果。同样地,抗氧化剂、胆碱和其它营养物可在提高老年动物或超老年动物的生活质量方面起作用。
本文所用“提高生活质量”定义为改进选自以下的一个或多个特性:警觉、活力、软骨保护、肌肉质量保持、消化率和皮肤和毛皮品质。尽管本发明方法可通过提高包括下列的上述所有特性来提高动物的生活质量:警觉、活力、软骨保护、肌肉质量保持、消化率和皮肤和毛皮品质,但不必要显示每个特性的实质改进来达到本文所定义的“提高生活质量”。
当将组合物给予老年动物或超老年动物时,动物经历提高的生活质量,例如表现出或经历以下一种或多种:增强警觉、增加活力、保护软骨、保持肌肉质量、提高消化率和改进皮肤和毛皮品质。测定这些生活质量度量的方法为技术人员所知。举例而言,可通过多种手段测量警觉,包括分析新陈代谢标记物和抗氧化剂标记物,以及通过临床研究由宠物主人参与的跟踪问题。可能潜在的新陈代谢标记物可包括生长激素释放激素、GLP-1、甲状腺激素和/或生长激素。潜在的抗氧化状态标记物可包括血清维生素E、ORAC、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、烷烃和/或细胞受损指示剂。另外,可通过多种手段来测量活力,包括分析新陈代谢标记物和抗氧化剂标记物,以及通过临床研究由多个宠物主人参与的跟踪问题。同样地,可通过多种手段测量软骨保护,包括分析关节炎生物标记物。潜在的关节炎生物标记物可包括II型胶原质合成、基质金属蛋白酶、骨钙蛋白、碱性磷酸酶活性、COMP和软骨受损碎片。可通过多种手段测量肌肉质量保持,包括分析身体组成;可通过多种手段测量消化率,包括临床研究由多个宠物主人参与的跟踪问题和饲喂动物以测定消化的营养物的百分比。可通过多种手段测量皮肤和毛皮品质,包括临床研究由多个宠物主人参与的跟踪问题。
本发明方法用于提高多种动物的生活质量,包括非人类动物例如非人类灵长类(例如猴子、黑猩猩等等)、伴侣动物(例如犬、猫、马等等)、家畜(例如山羊、绵羊、猪、牛等等)、实验动物(例如小鼠、大鼠等等)、鸟(例如家庭鸟,例如金丝雀、鹦鹉等等和商品鸟,例如鸡、鸭、火鸡等等)、啮齿动物(例如仓鼠、豚鼠、沙鼠、野兔、刺猬、白鼬、灰鼠等等)和野生外来的动物园动物(例如狼、熊、鹿等等)。在各种实施方案中,动物可为猫、犬或马。
本发明组合物设计用于提高消化率并改进咀嚼能力。通常基于生命阶段(年龄)、大小、身体组成和品种来调配犬和猫食物。因此,本发明某些实施方案包括调配为解决常规犬或小型犬、大型犬和猫之间特殊的营养差别的组合物。
本发明提供使用含有至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的各种组合物的方法。组合物包括食物、补充物、零食和玩具(通常为可咀嚼和可消费的玩具)。本发明方法也在一段时间内提供给指定动物组合物,这段时间长至足以完成提高生活质量。在一个实施方案中,本发明方法提供组合物给动物持续至少30天。
用于本发明方法的组合物通常具有的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量为以干物质重量计至少约0.02%(或从约0.05%到约10%,或从约0.1%到约6%)。在某些实施方案中,ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸为DHA。在其它实施方案中,ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸为EPA。在再其它实施方案中,ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸包括DHA和EPA的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,含有ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的组合物为食物。尽管提供液体食物和固体食物两者,但通常优选固体食物。食物包括干食物和湿食物两种。食物的某些非多不饱和脂肪酸组分和其优选比例包括表1中所示的那些。
表1
在一个实施方案中,本发明方法包括将有效提高动物生活质量的量的组合物饲喂给超老年动物。这种组合物通常包含:
(a)0.02%(或从约0.05%到约10%,或从约0.1%到约6%)的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸;和
(b)至少以下的一种:
(i)从约10%到约55%(或从约18%到约30%,或从约33%到约55%或从约18%到约20%或从约33%到约36%)的蛋白质;
(ii)从约7%到约35%(或从约18%到约35%,或从约7%到约24%,或从约14%到约24%,或从约14%到约16%或从约18%到约24%)的脂肪;和
(iii)至少约0.05(或从约0.05ppm到约7500ppm,或从约250到约3600,或从约250ppm到约1650ppm,或从约5ppm到约225ppm,或从约0.05ppm到约2.4ppm)的抗氧化剂。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明方法包括将有效提高犬生活质量的量的组合物饲喂给超老年常规犬。该组合物一般包含:
(a)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约0.02%(或从约0.02%到约0.3%,或从约0.05%到约0.3%,或从约0.05%到约0.2%)的DHA;和
(ii)至少约0.1%(或从约0.1%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.3%)的EPA;
(b)至少约9%(或从约9%到约30%,或从约18%到约30%,或从约18%到约20%)的蛋白质;
(c)至少约7%(或从约7%到约24%,或从约14%到约24%,或从约14%到约16%)的脂肪;和
(d)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约250ppm(或从约250ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1000ppm)的维生素E;
(iv)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约500ppm,或从约100ppm到约500ppm,或从约100ppm到约301ppm)的维生素C;
(v)至少约600ppm(或从约600ppm到约2400ppm,或从约1260ppm到约2400ppm,或从约1260ppm到约1545ppm)的牛磺酸;
(vi)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约200ppm,或从约100到约160,或从约100到约155)的硫辛酸;和
(vii)至少约150ppm(或从约150ppm到约500ppm,或从约200ppm到约500ppm,或从约200ppm到约350ppm)的肉碱。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明方法包括将有效提高犬生活质量的量的组合物饲喂给超老年大型犬。该组合物通常包含:
(a)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约0.02%(或从约0.02%到约0.3%,或从约0.05%到约0.3%,或从约0.05%到约0.2%)的DHA;和
(ii)至少约0.1%(或从约0.1%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.3%)的EPA;
(b)至少约9%(或从约9%到约30%,或从约18%到约30%,或从约18%到约20%)的蛋白质;
(c)至少约7%(或从约7%到约24%,或从约14%到约24%,或从约14%到约16%)的脂肪;和
(d)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约250ppm(或从约250ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1000ppm)的维生素E;
(viii)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约500ppm,或从约100ppm到约500ppm,或从约100ppm到约301ppm)的维生素C;
(ix)至少约600ppm(或从约600ppm到约2400ppm,或从约1260ppm到约2400ppm,或从约1260ppm到约1575ppm)的牛磺酸;和
(x)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约200ppm,或从约100到约160或从约100到约155)的硫辛酸;和
(xi)至少约150ppm(或从约150ppm到约500ppm,或从约200ppm到约500ppm,或从约200ppm到约350ppm)的肉碱。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明方法包括将有效提高猫生活质量的量的组合物饲喂给超老年猫。该组合物通常包含:
(a)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约0.05%(或从约0.05%到约0.30%,或从约0.1%到约0.30%,或从约0.1%到约0.2%)的DHA;和
(ii)至少约0.1%(或从约0.1%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.3%)的EPA;
(b)至少约15%(或从约15%到约55%,或从约30%到约55%,或从约33%到约36%)的蛋白质;
(c)至少约9%(或从约9%到约35%,或从约18%到约35%,或从约18%到约24%)的脂肪;和
(d)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约250ppm(或从约250ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1100ppm)的维生素E;
(xii)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约300ppm,或从约100ppm到约300ppm,或从约100ppm到约200ppm)的维生素C;
(xiii)至少约1100ppm(或从约1100ppm到约3500ppm,或从约2300ppm到约3500ppm,或从约2300ppm到约2350ppm)的牛磺酸;和
(xiv)至少约200ppm(或从约200到约750ppm,或从约400ppm到约750ppm,或从约400到约525ppm)的肉碱;和
(xv)至少约0.05%(或从约0.05%到约0.6%,或从约0.1%到约0.6%,或从约0.1%到约0.4%)的胱氨酸。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明方法包括将有效提高动物警觉和活力的量的组合物饲喂给超老年动物。该组合物一般包含:
(a)0.02%(或从约0.05%到约10%,或从约0.1%到约6%)的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸;和
(b)至少以下的一种:
(xvi)从约10%到约55%(或从约18%到约30%,或从约33%到约55%或从约18%到约20%或从约33%到约36%)的蛋白质;
(xvii)从约7%到约35%(或从约18%到约35%,或从约7%到约24%,或从约14%到约24%,或从约14%到约16%或从约18%到约24%)的脂肪;
(xviii)至少约0.05(或从约0.05ppm到约7500ppm,或从约250到约3600或从约250ppm到约1650ppm,或从约5ppm到约225ppm,或从约0.05ppm到约2.4ppm)的抗氧化剂;和
(xix)至少约1000ppm(或从约1000ppm到约5000ppm,从约3300ppm到约5000ppm,或从约2000ppm到约3000ppm,或从约3000ppm到约4000ppm)的胆碱。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明方法包括将有效提高犬警觉和活力的量的组合物饲喂给超老年常规犬。该组合物一般包含:
(a)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约0.02%(或从约0.02%到约0.3%,或从约0.05%到约0.3%,或从约0.05%到约0.2%)的DHA;和
(ii)至少约0.1%(或从约0.1%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.3%)的EPA;
(b)至少约9%(或从约9%到约30%,或从约18%到约30%,或从约18%到约20%)的蛋白质;
(c)至少约7%(或从约7%到约24%,或从约14%到约24%,或从约14%到约16%)的脂肪;
(d)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约250ppm(或从约250ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1000ppm)的维生素E;
(xx)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约500ppm,或从约100ppm到约500ppm,或从约100ppm到约301ppm)的维生素C;
(xxi)至少约600ppm(或从约600ppm到约2400ppm,或从约1260ppm到约2400ppm,或从约1260ppm到约1545ppm)的牛磺酸;和
(xxii)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约200ppm,或从约100到约160或从约100到约155)的硫辛酸;和
(xxiii)至少约150ppm(或从约150ppm到约500ppm,或从约200ppm到约500ppm,或从约200ppm到约350ppm)的肉碱;
(e)至少约1000ppm(或从约1000ppm到约3200ppm,或从约2000ppm到约3200ppm,或从约2000ppm到约2500ppm)的胆碱;
(f)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约150ppm,或从约100ppm到约150ppm,或从约100ppm到约110ppm)的锰;和
(g)至少约0.4%(或从约0.4%到约2%,或从约0.9%到约2%,或从约0.9%到约1.2%)的赖氨酸;和
(h)至少约0.4%到约1.5%的甲硫氨酸。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明方法包括将有效提高犬警觉和活力的量的组合物饲喂给超老年大型犬。该组合物一般包含:
(a)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约0.02%(或从约0.02%到约0.3%,或从约0.05%到约0.3%,或从约0.05%到约0.2%)的DHA;和
(ii)至少约0.1%(或从约0.1%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.3%)的EPA;
(b)至少约9%(或从约9%到约30%,或从约18%到约30%,或从约18%到约20%)的蛋白质;
(c)至少约7%(或从约7%到约24%,或从约14%到约24%,或从约14%到约16%)的脂肪;
(d)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约250ppm(或从约250ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1000ppm)的维生素E;
(xxiv)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约500ppm,或从约100ppm到约500ppm,或从约100ppm到约301ppm)的维生素C;
(xxv)至少约600ppm(或从约600ppm到约2400ppm,或从约1260ppm到约2400ppm,或从约1260ppm到约1575ppm)的牛磺酸;和
(xxvi)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约200ppm,或从约100到约160或从约100到约155)的硫辛酸;和
(xxvii)至少约150ppm(或从约150ppm到约500ppm,或从约200ppm到约500ppm,或从约200ppm到约350ppm)的肉碱;
(e)至少约1000ppm(或从约1000ppm到约3200ppm,或从约2000ppm到约3200ppm,或从约2000ppm到约2500ppm)的胆碱;
(f)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约150ppm,或从约100ppm到约150ppm,或从约100ppm到约110ppm)的锰;和
(g)至少约0.4%(或从约0.4%到约2%,或从约0.9%到约2%,或从约0.9%到约1.2%)的赖氨酸;和
(h)至少约0.4%到约1.5%的甲硫氨酸。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明方法包括将有效提高猫警觉和活力的量的组合物饲喂给超老年猫。该组合物一般包含:
(a)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约0.05%(或从约0.05%到约0.30%,或从约0.1%到约0.30%,或从约0.1%到约0.2%)的DHA;和
(ii)至少约0.1%(或从约0.1%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.5%,或从约0.2%到约0.3%)的EPA;
(b)至少约15%(或从约15%到约55%,或从约30%到约55%,或从约33%到约36%)的蛋白质;
(c)至少约9%(或从约9%到约35%,或从约18%到约35%,或从约18%到约24%)的脂肪;
(d)至少以下的一种:
(i)至少约250ppm(或从约250ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1500ppm,或从约500ppm到约1100ppm)的维生素E;
(xxviii)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约300ppm,或从约100ppm到约300ppm,或从约100ppm到约200ppm)的维生素C;
(xxix)至少约1100ppm(或从约1100ppm到约3500ppm,或从约2300ppm到约3500ppm,或从约2300ppm到约2350ppm)的牛磺酸;和
(xxx)至少约200ppm(或从约200到约750ppm,或从约400ppm到约750ppm,或从约400到约525ppm)的肉碱;和
(xxxi)至少约0.05%(或从约0.05%到约0.6%,或从约0.1%到约0.6%,或从约0.1%到约0.4%)的胱氨酸;
(e)至少约1600ppm(或从约1600ppm到约5000ppm,或从约3300ppm到约5000ppm,或从约3300ppm到约3400ppm)的胆碱;
(f)至少约50ppm(或从约50ppm到约150ppm,或从约100ppm到约150ppm,或从约100ppm到约110ppm)的锰;和
(g)至少约0.7%(或从约0.7%到约3%,或从约1.4%到约3%,或从约1.4%到约1.7%)的赖氨酸;和
(h)至少约0.4%到约1.5%的甲硫氨酸。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于改进老年或超老年小型犬或常规犬的生活质量的方法。该方法包括将包含以下的组合物饲喂给犬:从约60%到约70%重量的淀粉;从约15%到约25%重量的选自动物蛋白质和植物蛋白质的蛋白质;从约5%到约7%重量的选自动物脂肪和植物脂肪的脂肪;从约2.5%到约4%重量的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸;从约1%到约2%重量的纤维;从约1%到约2%重量的矿物质;和从约0.5到约1.5%重量的维生素。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于改进老年或超老年大型犬的生活质量的方法。该方法包括将包含以下的组合物饲喂给犬:从约60%到约70%重量的淀粉;从约15%到约25%重量的选自动物蛋白质和植物蛋白质的蛋白质;从约5%到约7%重量的选自动物脂肪和植物脂肪的脂肪;从约3%到约5%重量的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸;从约1%到约1.5%重量的纤维;从约0.5%到约1%重量的矿物质;和从约0.75到约1.25%重量的维生素。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于改进老年或超老年猫的生活质量的方法。该方法包括将包含以下的组合物饲喂给猫:从约30%到约35%重量的淀粉;从约40%到约50%重量的选自动物蛋白质和植物蛋白质的蛋白质;从约12%到约15%重量的选自动物脂肪和植物脂肪的脂肪;从约1%到约2%重量的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸;从约3%到约5%重量的纤维;从约1%到约2%重量的矿物质;和从约1%到约2%重量的维生素。
用于本发明方法的组合物进一步包含至少一种选自锰、甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸和半胱氨酸的混合物、L-肉碱、赖氨酸和精氨酸的营养物。组合物中各组分的特别优选的量将视多种因素而定,包括例如消费组合物的动物种类;组合物中包括的具体组分;动物的年龄、重量、一般健康状况、性别和饮食;动物的消费速率等等。因此,组分的量可大范围地变化,甚至可偏离本文所给的比例。
可从多种来源得到ω-3脂肪酸。一种传统来源是鱼油,例如来自油鲱鱼、鲭鱼、鲱鱼、凤尾鱼和鲑鱼的鱼油。DHA和EPA为这些鱼油中存在的典型的脂肪酸,合起来通常构成油的大部分,例如油的约25%到约38%。
当组合物为动物的食物时,优选包含避免缺乏和维持健康所需量的维生素和矿物质。本领域易于得到这些量。举例而言,美国国家研究委员会(NRC)提供了用于家畜的这种成分的推荐量。参见例如Nutrient Requirements of Swine(10th Rev.Ed.,Nat′l Academy Press,Wash.D.C.,197298)、Nutrient Requirements of Poultry(9th Rev.Ed.,Nat′l Academy Press,Wash.D.C.,1994)、Nutrient Requirements ofHorses(5th Rev.Ed.,Nat′1Academy Press,Wash.D.C,1989)等等,而美国饲料管理协会(AAFCO)例如提供了用于犬和猫的这种成分的推荐量。参见American Feed Control Officials,Incorp.,Official publication,pp.126-140(2003)。用作食品添加剂的维生素实例包括维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素H(生物素)、维生素K、叶酸、肌醇、烟酸和泛酸。用作食品添加剂的矿物质和微量元素实例包括钙、磷、钠、钾、镁、铜、锌、氯化物和铁盐。
本发明方法包括可进一步含有本领域已知的其它添加剂的组合物。优选这种添加剂以不削弱本发明目的和所提供效果的量存在。举例而言,添加剂实例包括具有稳定作用的物质、加工辅助物、增加口感的物质、着色剂和提供营养好处的物质。
举例而言,稳定物质包括倾向于提高组合物存放期的物质。例如,这种物质的潜在合适的实例包括防腐剂、抗氧化剂、增效剂和螯合剂、包装气体、稳定剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、胶凝剂和湿润剂。例如,乳化剂和/或增稠剂实例包括明胶、纤维素醚、淀粉、淀粉酯、淀粉醚和改性淀粉。
举例而言,用于着色、口感和营养目的的添加剂包括着色剂(例如氧化铁,例如红、黄或棕色形式);氯化钠、柠檬酸钾、氯化钾和其它可食用盐;维生素;矿物质;和调味剂。这种添加剂为本领域所知。参见例如美国专利第3,202,514号。也参见美国专利第4,997,671号。调味剂包括例如奶制品调味剂(例如牛奶或奶酪)、肉类调味剂(例如熏猪肉、肝、牛肉、禽或鱼)、油树脂、频哪醇和交易中以FEMA(美国香料萃取物制造者协会)编码识别的各种调味剂。调味剂帮助提供额外的口感,为本领域所知。参见例如美国专利第4,997,672号。也参见美国专利第5,004,624号。也参见美国专利第5,114,704号。也参见美国专利第5,532,010号。也参见美国专利第6,379,727号。组合物中这种添加剂的浓度通常可高达约5%重量。在某些实施方案中,这种添加剂(尤其是当这种添加剂主要是营养平衡剂例如维生素和矿物质时)的浓度为约0%到约2.0%重量。在某些实施方案中,这种添加剂(再一次,尤其是当这种添加剂主要是营养平衡剂时)的含量为约0%到约1.0%重量。
举例而言,补充物包括与另一种饲料一起使用以改善营养平衡或整体效果的饲料。补充物包括作为其它饲料的补充不稀释饲喂的组合物,其与可分开得到的动物口粮的其它部分提供自由选择,或与动物的常规饲料稀释和混合以产生完整饲料。例如,AAFCO在theAmerican Feed Control Officials,Inc.Official Publication,p.220(2003)中提供了关于补充物的讨论。补充物可呈各种形式,包括例如粉状、液体、糖浆、丸状、包囊组合物等等。
举例而言,零食包括给予动物以诱使该动物在非进食时间吃的组合物。用于犬的零食包括例如狗骨头。零食可有营养,其中组合物包含一种或多种营养物,例如可具有上述食物的组成。非营养性零食包括无毒的任何零食。
举例而言,玩具包括可咀嚼的玩具。用于犬的玩具包括例如人造骨头。目前市场上有范围广泛的合适玩具。参见例如美国专利第5,339,771(和美国专利第5,339,771号中公开的参考文献)号。也参见例如美国专利第5,419,283(和美国专利第5,419,283号中公开的参考文献)号。应认识到,本发明提供部分可消费玩具(例如包含塑料组分的玩具)和完全可消费玩具(例如生牛皮和各种人造骨头)两种。应该进一步认识到,本发明提供用于人类和非人类使用的玩具,尤其是用于伴侣动物、家畜和动物园动物使用,尤其是供犬、猫或鸟使用。
对于预定接受动物(例如家养猫或家养犬),“食物”是营养完全的饮食。“营养完全的饮食”是包括足以维持依靠该饮食的健康动物的正常健康的营养物的饮食。本发明方法使用的组合物并非意欲由蛋白质或脂肪成分的任何具体名单或产品形式限定。例如,用常规宠物食品方法,可将组合物制备为干、罐装、湿或半干的形式。在某些实施方案中,水分含量为组合物总重量的约10%到约90%。在其它实施方案中,水分含量为组合物总重量的约65%到约75%。
举例而言,为了制备用于本发明方法的组合物,通常可在加工制品期间(例如在混合组合物的其它组分期间和/或之后),将任何成分(例如鱼油)掺入到组合物中。通过常规手段可完成将这些组分分散到组合物中。在一个实施方案中,碾碎的动物和家禽蛋白质组织可与其它成分混合,包括鱼油、谷类、其它营养平衡成分、特殊用途的添加剂(例如维生素和矿物质混合物、无机盐、纤维素和甜菜粕、填充剂等等);也加入用于加工的足量的水。优选将这些成分在适于加热同时混合所述组分的容器中混合。可用任何合适方式实现加热混合物,例如通过直接注入蒸汽,或通过用装有热交换器的容器。在加入最后成分后,将混合物加热到约50°F(10℃)到约212°F(100℃)的温度之间。在某些实施方案中,将混合物加热到约70°F(21℃)到约140°F(60℃)的温度之间。在这些范围外的温度通常可接受,但不使用其它加工辅助物时可能在商业上不可行。当加热到合适温度时,原料通常处于浓稠液体形式。将该浓稠液体装入罐中。施加盖子,将容器密封。然后将密封罐置于设计用于将内容物灭菌的常规设备中。这通常通过加热到温度大于约230°F(110℃)持续合适时间来完成,时间视例如使用温度和组合物而定。
本发明方法包括可使用常规方法制备的干形式组合物。在一个实施方案中,将包括例如动物蛋白质来源、植物蛋白质来源、谷类等等的干成分碾磨和混合在一起。然后加入包括脂肪、油、动物蛋白质来源、水等等的湿或液态成分,并与干混合物混合。然后将混合物加工为粗磨物或类似的干片。通常用挤出法形成粗磨物,其中干和湿成分的混合物在高压和高温下接受机械作业,强迫其通过小孔,并通过旋转的刀切割为粗磨物。然后干燥湿粗磨物,任选包上一种或多种局部包衣,其可包括例如香料、脂肪、油、粉末等等。也可用不同于挤出法的烘焙法从生面制备粗磨物,其中在干热加工之前将生面置于模中。
如前所述,本发明部分涉及用于提高动物生活质量的方法。该方法包括将有效增强警觉、增加活力、保护软骨、保持肌肉质量、提高消化率和改进皮肤和毛皮品质的量的组合物饲喂给老年动物或超老年动物。也将组合物设计为易于咀嚼。通常基于生命阶段(年龄)、大小、身体组成和品种来调配犬和猫食物。在本发明方法中,组合物的某些实施方案解决超老年常规犬、超老年大型犬和超老年猫之间特殊的营养差异。
除非另外明确指出,否则本文所示所有百分比均为以干物质为基础的重量。
本发明不限于本文所述的具体方法、方案和试剂,因为它们可改变。另外,本文所用术语仅为了阐述具体实施方案的目的,并非意欲限制本发明范围。除非上下文明确指出并非如此,否则本文和后附权利要求中所用的单数形式”一个”、”一种”、”所述”包括提及物的复数。术语“包含”、“包括”解释为包括性而不是排除性的。
除非另外定义,否则本文所用的所有技术和科学术语和任何缩写词具有与本发明领域一般技术人员通常理解相同的含义。在本发明实践中,尽管可使用与本文所述相似或相当的任何方法和材料,但本文描述了优选的方法、设备和材料。
本文所提及的所有专利、专利申请和出版物以法律允许的程度通过引用结合到本文中,以描述和公开本发明可能使用的其中报告的组合物、化合物、方法和类似资料。然而,本文中没有什么应被理解为承认本发明无权由于在先发明而早于这种公开。
实施例
本发明可进一步通过以下优选实施方案的实施例来阐明,然而除非另外明确指出,否则应该理解包含这些实施例仅为阐明目的,并非意欲限制本发明范围。
实施例1
调配用于老年或超老年常规犬的组合物阐述于表1中。
表1用于超老年常规犬的组合物的成分
成分 | 组合物的% |
淀粉 | 65.83 |
动物蛋白质 | 14.31 |
植物蛋白质 | 6.05 |
动物/植物脂肪 | 6.60 |
ω脂肪 | 3.38 |
纤维 | 1.42 |
矿物质 | 1.63 |
维生素 | 0.78 |
实施例2
调配用于老年或超老年大型犬的组合物阐述于表2中。
表2用于超老年大型犬的组合物的成分
成分 | 组合物的% |
淀粉 | 65.15 |
动物蛋白质 | 14.79 |
植物蛋白质 | 6.45 |
动物/植物脂肪 | 6.23 |
ω脂肪 | 4.12 |
纤维 | 1.30 |
矿物质 | 0.91 |
维生素 | 1.05 |
实施例3
调配用于老年或超老年猫的组合物阐述于表3中。
表3用于老年或超老年猫的组合物的成分
成分 | 组合物的% |
淀粉 | 31.47 |
动物蛋白质 | 25.57 |
植物蛋白质 | 20.14 |
动物/植物脂肪 | 13.31 |
ω脂肪 | 1.61 |
纤维 | 4.80 |
矿物质 | 1.77 |
维生素 | 1.34 |
在本说明书中,公开了本发明典型的优选实施方案,尽管采用了具体的术语,但其仅以其一般和描述的意义使用,并非用于限制下面权利要求提出的本发明范围的目的。根据上面的教导,显然本发明可能存在很多修改和变化。因此,应该理解,在本发明后附权利要求范围内可以不同于具体阐述来实施本发明。
Claims (11)
1. 一种改进老年动物或超老年动物的生活质量的方法,所述方法包括将包含以下的组合物饲喂给所述动物:
至少一种选自二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸;
至少一种抗氧化剂;和
至少一种选自胆碱、锰、甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸、L-肉碱、赖氨酸和其混合物的营养物,
其中所述提高的生活质量由一种或多种选自下列以下的特性的改进来证明:警觉、活力、软骨保护、肌肉质量保持以及皮肤和毛皮品质;
其中所述动物选自犬和猫;
术语“老年”指动物的生命阶段,对于小型犬或常规犬而言,“老年”生命阶段为约7到约10岁,对于猫而言,“老年”生命阶段为约7到约12岁;
术语“超老年”指动物的特殊生命阶段,对于小型犬或常规犬而言,超老年阶段为大于10岁的任何年龄,对于大型犬,超老年阶段为大于5岁的任何年龄,对于猫而言,超老年阶段为大于12岁的任何年龄;
术语“大型”犬指成年时重量超过55磅的犬。
2. 权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物中的所述ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸为DHA,其中以干物质为基础测量,所述组合物包含至少约0.02%重量的DHA。
3. 权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物中的所述ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸为DHA,其中以干物质为基础测量,所述组合物包含约0.02%到约0.40%重量的DHA。
4. 权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物中的所述ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸包含EPA,其中以干物质为基础测量,所述组合物包含至少约0.1%重量的EPA。
5. 权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物中的所述ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸包含EPA,其中以干物质为基础测量,所述组合物包含约0.1%到约1%重量的EPA。
6. 权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物中的所述ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸包含DHA和EPA的混合物,其中以干物质为基础测量,所述组合物包含至少约0.02%重量的DHA和至少约0.1%重量的EPA。
7. 权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物包含一种或多种选自以下的抗氧化剂:维生素E、维生素C、牛磺酸、β-胡萝卜素、肉碱、硫辛酸和胱氨酸。
8. 权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物包含至少约500ppm的维生素E、至少约50ppm的维生素C和至少约600ppm的牛磺酸。
9. 权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物进一步包含至少约1000ppm的胆碱。
10. 权利要求1的方法,其中饲喂给所述动物的所述组合物为动物零食或动物玩具。
11. 权利要求1的方法,其中饲喂给所述动物的所述组合物为营养补充物。
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- 2005-12-30 EP EP05855950A patent/EP1830629A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2005-12-30 CN CN2005800487331A patent/CN101128109B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-30 JP JP2007549655A patent/JP5295567B2/ja active Active
- 2005-12-30 CN CN2012104181100A patent/CN102907561A/zh active Pending
- 2005-12-30 RU RU2007128930/12A patent/RU2367195C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-12-30 CA CA2784197A patent/CA2784197C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-30 WO PCT/US2005/047461 patent/WO2006074089A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-12-30 BR BRPI0519610-8A patent/BRPI0519610A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101128109B (zh) | 2013-07-03 |
CN101128109A (zh) | 2008-02-20 |
AU2005322887B2 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
CA2784197A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
EP1830629A2 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
BRPI0519610A2 (pt) | 2009-02-25 |
AU2005322887A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
CA2592844C (en) | 2012-10-09 |
WO2006074089A3 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
US8148325B2 (en) | 2012-04-03 |
CA2592844A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
JP5295567B2 (ja) | 2013-09-18 |
US20080206398A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
CA2784197C (en) | 2015-09-01 |
RU2367195C2 (ru) | 2009-09-20 |
EP1830629A4 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
ZA200705214B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
JP2008526209A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
WO2006074089A2 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
RU2007128930A (ru) | 2009-02-10 |
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