CN102907227A - Field evaluation method of degradable mulching film on sugarcane cultivation - Google Patents
Field evaluation method of degradable mulching film on sugarcane cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102907227A CN102907227A CN201210407338XA CN201210407338A CN102907227A CN 102907227 A CN102907227 A CN 102907227A CN 201210407338X A CN201210407338X A CN 201210407338XA CN 201210407338 A CN201210407338 A CN 201210407338A CN 102907227 A CN102907227 A CN 102907227A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field evaluation method of degradable mulching film on sugarcane cultivation. Through periodically observing and recording and taking the ground temperature, the sugarcane emergence rate, the sugarcane yield and the fragmentation degree of the film exposed to the ground surface as evaluation indexes, the degradation degree of the degradable mulching film on the sugarcane cultivation is comprehensively evaluated. By using the field evaluation method, the ground temperature, the sugarcane emergence rate, the sugarcane yield and the fragmentation degree of the film exposed to the ground surface are taken as the evaluation indexes; an investigation region, the area of which is equal to that of an edge region which is far away from guard rows in an investigation plot is arranged, sugarcanes are planted in trenches in the investigation region; and soil and the mulching film are covered after the sugarcanes are planted. The field evaluation method has the advantages that all factors which are relevant to field degradation performances of the degradable mulching film applied to the sugarcane cultivation are fully taken into consideration by using the established evaluation method, and the field evaluation method is simple and intuitional, strong in operability and beneficial to the understanding and the mastering of sugarcane growers; and the evaluation method is economical, a whole observation and evaluation process can be finished through simple equipment such as a ruler, a geothermometer and the like, and high instrument and equipment costs as well as energy consumption are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of field appraisement method of degradative plastic film, be specially and only use the field appraisement method that is applied on the cultivation of sugar cane, can be applicable to planting cultivation of sugar cane and perennial root sugarcane, belonged to the farmland ecological environment protection field.
Background technology
Rainfall spatial and temporal distributions in sugarcane district is inhomogeneous, and the evaporation in the field amount is large, and the sugarcane water use efficiency is low.Water scarcity has become the key factor of restriction China sugar industry development.Plastic mulching cultivation technology is to improve the precipitation availability by the measure such as collecting the rain moisture, and improving the ecotopes such as hydro-thermal situation of topsoil soils, thereby improves crops quality and output, applies in national sugarcane district rapidly.Yet in order to reduce production costs, the sugarcane grower tends to use ultra-thin mulch film, mulch film tightly is attached to soil surface behind the epiphragma, when sugarcane production to envelope is gone, in the ranks blade is too intensive, be difficult in the ranks take a sample, and mulch film is fixing firmly by the sugarcane root, most of sugarcane growers are unwilling to spend a large amount of manpowers to reclaim residual mulch film in the ground, cause large stretch of mulch film in the ground residual.Under field conditions (factors) common ground utmost point difficult degradation, residual mulching film spoiled soil physicochemical character, affect crop growth, affect mechanical work efficient and operation quality, because residual film cleaning is wasted time and energy, most of residual film all can't reclaim, cause the residual film on the field accumulation day by day to increase, be unfavorable for the supply of soil, fertilizer nutrient and the normal growth of sugarcane root system.The rear bulk deposition of the simultaneously residual film cleaning of part is on the limit, field or be flushed in the canal obstruction irrigation water.Residual film such as burnedly then discharge a large amount of toxic gases makes a very bad impression to ecotope.The numerous and confused research and development of scientific research institution both at home and abroad have the mulch film of degradation property for this reason, to realize sugarcane production-increasing and to reduce Negative effect of Eco environment.
Present evaluation to the degradable mulch performance, normally adopt bare area nature light exposure test, laboratory accelerated test, the method such as measure by growth of microorganism speed, experiment condition is single idealized, and the Plastic-film disintegration data that draw and its performance in farmland ecological environment differ larger.Especially the sugarcane production cycle is long, be different from general field crop, the sugarcane grower might meet with degradation time too short or long and can't reach sugarcane production and grow required environmental requirement when selecting degradable mulch, or residual film fragment degradation cycle is long and affect the situation that second stubble crop is grown.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the field appraisement method of a kind of degradative plastic film on cultivation of sugar cane, to solve the problems referred to above in the existing cultivation of sugar cane cultivation.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions.
The field appraisement method of a kind of degradative plastic film on cultivation of sugar cane, its feature exists: concrete steps are as follows:
1) take ground temperature, sugarcane emergence rate, sugarcane yield and the cracked degree of film that is exposed to the earth's surface as evaluation index;
2) in investigating the plot, lay the investigation residential quarter of homalographic away from guard row (zone at edge), Furrow sowing sugarcane in investigating the residential quarter, the sugarcane rear blinding overlay film of sowing.At first observe mulch film and in process of deployment, whether cause mechanical damage, and note down.The cracked degree of earth's surface exposed film carried out observed and recorded in per 10 days behind the overlay film, the soil on the film of underground buried portion is removed, carried out geothermic survey in per 10 days, observe simultaneously the sugarcane situation of emerging.The observation cycle is run through budding period and the Seedling Stage of sugarcane; Behind 60% sugarcane membrane, can take off film, observe the degraded situation of this part mulch film.The harvesting sugarcane phase is surveyed product.
3) take off film after, analyze to sum up survey data, draw the film degradation degree chart corresponding with the time, reflect intuitively the degradation property of degradative plastic film.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, the cracked degree of described mulch film represents degradative plastic film degradation property grade with the digital classification of 0-9, and the different cracked degree of size representative of numeral: 0 is that mulch film is complete, cracked phenomenon (comprising wind-force and artificial destruction) do not occur; 1 begins to occur the situation of breaking (comprise sugarcane emerge rupture of membranes) for mulch film; 2 the situation of breaking occurs for the mulch film in field 25%; 5-10 cm breach appears in 3 mulch films; 4 is 2 above areas to occur greater than 5 * 5 cm on the long mulch film of 100 cm
2The crack; 5 is 2 above areas to occur greater than 10 * 10 cm on the long mulch film of 100 cm
2The crack; 6 is 5 above areas to occur greater than 10 * 10 cm on the long mulch film of 100 cm
2The crack; 7 is the even cracking of mulch film, and mulch film cracking relic area is less than 16 cm
28 is the even cracking of mulch film, and mulch film cracking relic area is less than 5 cm
29 be 100% ground without the visible mulch film of naked eyes, mulch film is degradable.Geothermometer is used in geothermic survey.Insert geothermometer in each film overlay area, residential quarter, the geothermometer embedded depth can be respectively 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in, described investigation residential quarter number 〉=4; Area is pressed the long calculating of cane planting line number, line-spacing and row, line number 〉=5,0.9 m≤line-spacing≤1.3 m, long 〉=5 m of row.
Compare than prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1, the evaluation method of setting up takes into full account with degradative plastic film and is applied to the performance-relevant various factors of cultivation of sugar cane degradation, and simple, intuitive is workable, is conducive to sugarcane grower's understanding and grasp.
2, evaluation method has good economy, only depends on ruler, and the simple devices such as geothermometer can be finished whole observation evaluation procedure, has saved expensive instrument and equipment and energy consumption.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cracked degree analyzing figure that two kinds of degradative plastic films and common ground film degradation property mulch film are exposed to ground matrix section film among the embodiment of the invention one and the embodiment two.
Embodiment
Further set forth technical characterstic of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and instantiation.
Embodiment one
At 500 m
2The plot in lay 10 homalographic (36 m
2) the investigation residential quarter, the residential quarter is 5 row districts, line-spacing 1.2 m, long 6 m of row, Furrow sowing sugarcane, and lay degradative plastic film 1 and common ground film (contrast) inserts the geothermometer of 10 cm simultaneously on these two kinds of mulch films of laying, obtain data by routine observation.The experimental plot randomized arrangement, the observation cycle begins to run through budding period and the Seedling Stage of sugarcane from the sugarcane covering with plastic film of sowing; Behind 60% sugarcane membrane, can take off film.Mulch film is carried out by a definite date 90 world observation monitoring.In sugarcane was sowed the laying plastic process, two kinds of mulch film mechanical damage grades were 0, and the cracked degree of earth's surface film and the mechanical damage degree stable state when always maintaining initial the laying in 10 days behind overlay film; 20 days sugarcane ruptures of membranes are emerged behind the overlay film, and two kinds of mulch films are all caused breakage, and the situation of breaking appears in 25% degradative plastic film 1; 7 areas appear on the degradative plastic film 1 after 30 days greater than the crack of 10 cm * 10 cm; The cracking relic area of degradative plastic film 1 is less than 5 cm after 40 days
2, 60% rupture of membranes is taken off film and cultivation and banking after 90 days, and the fragmentation that common ground film causes except the sugarcane seedling is without degraded.Since the test regional heat, March 10 grew cane, 4,5, June temperature remain on more than 33 ℃, the temperature of 10 cm soil remains on more than 27 ℃ under the plastic mulching, the degradation speed of degradative plastic film is very fast.Harvesting sugarcane was surveyed and was produced January next year, and the sugarcane yield that covers degradative plastic film 1 is 36105 kg, and covering the common ground film sugarcane yield is 46170 kg.Analyze and sum up survey data, draw the Plastic-film disintegration degree chart corresponding with the time, reflect intuitively the degradation property of degradative plastic film 1.
Embodiment two
At 500 m
2The plot in lay 10 homalographic (33 m
2) the investigation residential quarter, the residential quarter is 6 row districts, line-spacing 1.1 m, long 5 m of row, Furrow sowing sugarcane, and lay degradative plastic film 2 and common ground film (contrast), the geothermometer of while insertion depth 10 cm obtains data by routine observation on these two kinds of mulch films of laying.The experimental plot randomized arrangement, the observation cycle begins to run through budding period and the Seedling Stage of sugarcane from the sugarcane covering with plastic film of sowing; Behind 60% sugarcane membrane, can take off film.Mulch film is carried out by a definite date 90 world observation monitoring.In sugarcane was sowed the laying plastic process, two kinds of mulch film mechanical damage grades were 0, and the cracked degree of earth's surface film and the mechanical damage degree stable state when always maintaining initial the laying in 10 days behind overlay film; 20 days sugarcane ruptures of membranes are emerged behind the overlay film, and two kinds of mulch films are all caused breakage; Breaking appears in 25% degradative plastic film 2 after 35 days, 5～10 cm breaches appear on the degradative plastic film 2 after 40 days, 3 areas appear on the degradative plastic film 2 after 60 days greater than the crack of 10 cm * 10 cm, 6 areas appear on the degradative plastic film 2 after 90 days greater than the crack of 10 cm * 10 cm, and 60% rupture of membranes, take off film and cultivation and banking, the fragmentation that common ground film causes except the sugarcane seedling is without degraded.Since the test regional heat, March 10 grew cane, 4,5, June temperature remain on more than 33 ℃, the temperature of 10 cm soil remains on more than 29 ℃ under the plastic mulching, the degradation speed of degradative plastic film is slower.Harvesting sugarcane was surveyed and was produced January next year, and the sugarcane yield that covers degradative plastic film 2 is 42810 kg, and covering the common ground film sugarcane yield is 45850 kg.Analyze and sum up survey data, draw the Plastic-film disintegration degree chart corresponding with the time, reflect intuitively the degradation property of degradative plastic film 2.
Claims (5)
1. the field appraisement method of a degradative plastic film on cultivation of sugar cane is characterized in that step is as follows:
1) take ground temperature, sugarcane emergence rate, sugarcane yield and the cracked degree of film that is exposed to the earth's surface as evaluation index;
2) in investigating the plot, lay the investigation residential quarter of homalographic away from the fringe region of guard row, Furrow sowing sugarcane in investigating the residential quarter, the sugarcane rear blinding overlay film of sowing; At first observe mulch film and in process of deployment, whether cause mechanical damage, and note down; The cracked degree of earth's surface exposed film carried out observed and recorded in per 10 days behind the overlay film, the soil on the film of underground buried portion is removed, carried out geothermic survey in per 10 days, observe simultaneously the sugarcane situation of emerging; The observation cycle is run through budding period and the Seedling Stage of sugarcane; Behind 60% sugarcane membrane, can take off film, observe the degraded situation of this part mulch film;
3) take off film after, analyze to sum up survey data, draw the film degradation degree chart corresponding with the time, reflect intuitively the degradation property of degradative plastic film.
2. the field appraisement method of degradative plastic film according to claim 1 on cultivation of sugar cane, it is characterized in that: in the step 1), the cracked degree of described mulch film represents degradative plastic film degradation property grade with the digital classification of 0-9, the different cracked degree of size representative of numeral: wherein, 0 is that mulch film is complete, cracked phenomenon do not occur; 1 begins to occur the situation of breaking for mulch film; 2 the situation of breaking occurs for the mulch film in field 25%; 5-10 cm breach appears in 3 mulch films; 4 is two above areas to occur greater than 5 * 5 cm on the long mulch film of 100 cm
2The crack; 5 is two above areas to occur greater than 10 * 10 cm on the long mulch film of 100 cm
2The crack; 6 is five above areas to occur greater than 10 * 10 cm on the long mulch film of 100 cm
2The crack; 7 is the even cracking of mulch film, and mulch film cracking relic area is less than 16 cm
28 is the even cracking of mulch film, and mulch film cracking relic area is less than 5 cm
29 be 100% ground without the visible mulch film of naked eyes, mulch film is degradable.
3. the field appraisement method of degradative plastic film according to claim 1 on cultivation of sugar cane is characterized in that: adopt geothermometer to obtain ground temperature numerical value in the step 1), insert geothermometer in each film overlay area, residential quarter, the geothermometer embedded depth is 5-20 cm.
4. the field appraisement method of degradative plastic film according to claim 1 on cultivation of sugar cane is characterized in that: step 2) in, described investigation residential quarter number 〉=4; Area is pressed the long calculating of cane planting line number, line-spacing and row, and line number is not less than 5,0.9 m≤line-spacing≤1.3 m, the long 5m that is not less than of row.
5. the field appraisement method of degradative plastic film according to claim 1 on cultivation of sugar cane is characterized in that: investigating the residential quarter in the step 1) is 10.
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| CN106962000A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-21 | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | Degradative plastic film covers the cultural method of sugarcane |
| CN106990230A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-07-28 | 甘肃省农业生态环境保护管理站 | A kind of crops are applicable the decision method of degradable mulch induction period |
| CN108476830A (en) * | 2018-03-24 | 2018-09-04 | 农业部农业生态与资源保护总站 | A kind of degradable mulch landfill contrast test technical solution |
| CN113640461A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-11-12 | 同济大学 | Method for evaluating biodegradable mulching film in field of organic fertilizer rice cultivation |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106990230A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-07-28 | 甘肃省农业生态环境保护管理站 | A kind of crops are applicable the decision method of degradable mulch induction period |
| CN106990230B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-03-29 | 甘肃省农业生态环境保护管理站 | A kind of crops are applicable in the determination method of degradable mulch induction period |
| CN106962000A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-21 | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | Degradative plastic film covers the cultural method of sugarcane |
| CN108476830A (en) * | 2018-03-24 | 2018-09-04 | 农业部农业生态与资源保护总站 | A kind of degradable mulch landfill contrast test technical solution |
| CN113640461A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-11-12 | 同济大学 | Method for evaluating biodegradable mulching film in field of organic fertilizer rice cultivation |
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