CN108760971A - A kind of degradable mulch contrast test technical solution - Google Patents
A kind of degradable mulch contrast test technical solution Download PDFInfo
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- CN108760971A CN108760971A CN201810286145.0A CN201810286145A CN108760971A CN 108760971 A CN108760971 A CN 108760971A CN 201810286145 A CN201810286145 A CN 201810286145A CN 108760971 A CN108760971 A CN 108760971A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N17/004—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light to light
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of degradable mulch contrast test technical solutions.Further to verify the degradation process of degradable mulch, its application effect is identified, we carry on degradable mulch contrast test in national related province；For the field application test procedure and method of unified standard degradable mulch, test requirements document is specified, it is ensured that the science of test result is accurate, has invented a kind of contrast test technical solution of degradable mulch.The present invention is by carrying out exposure in different tests point, burying soil and the experiment of crop plastic-film-covered cultivation, observation respectively participate in the experiment degradable mulch sample farmland blanketing effect and its degradation property it is controllable, determine its eliminate mulch residual contamination, promote plastic film mulching cultivation develop in a healthy way.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to degradable mulch technical fields, are related to a kind of degradable mulch contrast test technical solution.
Background technology
Agricultural mulching starts from the phase at the beginning of the eighties in last century for agricultural production, and in 30 years hereafter, agricultural film is answered extensively
Every field for agricultural production.It is to improve the soil moisture, soil moisture conservation, control moisture evaporation, inhibit weed growth and raising
Many characteristics of crop yield, play an important role in agricultural production process.With a large amount of uses of agricultural mulching, give up
The disposal problems of film also become increasingly prominent, " white pollution " and agriculture as influencing while completing " White Revolution "
Development, pollution environment, one of the principal element for restricting crop yield.According to investigations, 4kg/ mus of ground is remained in cotton, milpa
Film will result in 10% underproduction；Wheatland remains 4kg/ mus of mulches it is necessary to 30kg/ mus of the underproduction, not only reduces income, and
Soil hardening is caused, the physicochemical structure of soil, contaminated land and environment are more seriously destroyed.Peasant household also takes back useless film
It the methods such as receives, bury, burn to handle, but the useless film buried can not decompose for 100 years, burn and generate pernicious gas again, cause
Secondary pollution.In order to reduce pollution of the residual film to soil to the greatest extent, influence of the residual film to crop is reduced, degradation ground need to be greatly developed
Film.
2. degradable mulch commonly uses the product of common polythene mulch as a kind of replacement at present, can be prevented from source
Traditional mulch uses pollution of the rear residue to environment.It should meet both sides as degradable mulch to require, first, having ground
The performance of film, second is that innocuous substance can be degraded in the natural environment.(i.e. generation is broken obvious degradation occurs for degradable mulch
Split) before stage be as covered ground film give full play to heat preservation soil moisture conservation effect stage, i.e., its ground film properties play master
Period is wanted, induction period (or safe period) is referred to as, whether induction period, which can meet crop growth, needs to be directly related to degradablely
The application effect of film product.
Currently, the suitable induction period section that measures certain degradable mulch mostly uses greatly the mode of application test, by can
Degradative plastic film covers on crop carries out experiment in cultivation, analyzes each experiment district's groups the data obtained difference, to which relatively fuzzyyer is sentenced
Disconnected applicability of certain degradable mulch on certain crop, heavy workload, the test period is long and is influenced by environment, human factor
Error is larger.Currently, the method for judgement degradable mulch reasonable induction period is mainly the method by test observation, for example select
Several degradable mulch, according to the method for carrying out field trial, three or more field plantings are arranged in each degradable mulch
Test process records the time of each mulch induction period (safe period) appearance, finally to every by 5-7 days/time of artificial observation
Kind of degradable mulch carries out survey production, and the time that degradable mulch test group induction period (safe period) high using yield occurs is used as this
Crop is applicable in degradable mulch reasonable induction period (safe period).The method heavy workload, and miss by a mile, in addition to artificial vision sees
Outside error caused by surveying, different degradable mulch ingredients are different, and degradation speed is illuminated by the light the factors such as intensity, soil moisture, precipitation
It influences, induction period (safe period) section is unstable, and final conclusion (of pressure testing) does not have representativeness.It more can accurately judge certain
The method in reasonable induction period (safe period) section that kind crop is applicable in degradable mulch has not been reported.Research is a kind of simple and practicable,
And can accurately judge the method that certain crop is applicable in reasonable induction period (safe period) section of degradable mulch, to degradable
Mulch manufacturer targetedly adjusts formula, or screening is suitble to the degradable mulch of certain crop with highly important
Effect.
With the continuous propulsion of Derived from Agricultural Modernization, the important hand for ensuring agricultural year stable yields is had become using mulch
Section.However people but rest on its retain water and nutrients for its understanding, heat in effect of increasing production, and ignore the negative of once visited place film
Effect.First, residual film causes the venting capability of soil to reduce, and water permeability weakens, and Nutrient distribution is uneven, influences edaphon
Movable and normal soil texture is formed, the final fertility level for reducing soil；Secondly as soil residual film fragment changes soil knot
Structure influences normal soil phenomenon of osmosis, has slackened the drought-resistant ability in arable land, or even causes the serious consequence of Pedotransfer function；
Third necessarily causes crop root development difficult, influences crop normal absorption since residual film influences and destroy soil physical and chemical property
Moisture and nutrient, cause yield to decline；4th, the harmful substance in residual film generates toxicity to crops, destroys the conjunction of chlorophyll
At causing that plant growth is slow or yellow is dead；5th, a large amount of residual film is stored in topsoil, may wind colter and sowing wheel
Disk influences farm work；Due to traditional mulch can not rapid and natural degradation, had many arable lands that can not reuse, therefore
Exploitation degradative plastic film is the effective way for solving problem above.
Further to verify the degradation process of degradable mulch, identify its application effect, we national related province after
It is continuous to carry out degradable mulch contrast test.For the field application test procedure and method of unified standard degradable mulch, clearly try
Test requirement, it is ensured that the science of test result is accurate, and a kind of contrast test technical solution of degradable mulch has been formulated in spy's invention.
Invention content
One, the object of the invention：The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects, by different tests point
Carry out exposure, bury soil and the experiment of crop plastic-film-covered cultivation, observes the farmland blanketing effect and its drop of degradable mulch sample of respectively participating in the experiment
The controllable of performance is solved, determines that it is being eliminated mulch residual contamination, plastic film mulching cultivation is promoted to develop in a healthy way.
A kind of degradable mulch of two, and its contrast test technical solution are as follows：
Degradable mulch contrast test step：
(1) test periods, place and data collection
Spring overlay film experiment is carried out according to the specific time of each testing site.Selection basis preferably, it is traffic convenience, representational
Plot is carried out and is watched in order to test.
Meteorological data：It is required that clear trial zone natural conditions and climate characteristic, local meteorological money is inquired from local meteorological observatory
Material, including height above sea level and rainfall, rainfall distribution, relative humidity, temperature change, the history mean value of effective accumulated temperature and sunshine time and
Current year numerical value.Basic agrometeorological index, such as rainfall, temperature, illumination and relative humidity.
Soil：It is required that clear soil types and basic physicochemical property, including the soil weight, porosity, the content of organic matter,
The data such as full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, Available N-P-K and pH value, insert table 1.
Agricultural production situation：Include mainly being broadcast in area crops type, cropping pattern, crops breeding time, planting process
Kind, fertilising and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc..
Culture underglass situation：Including mulch basic condition, such as color, specification；Using basic condition, including plastic mulched crop kind
Class, ratio, film mulching method and time etc.：Whether recycling with mulch after the processing of rear mulch, including crop harvest, situation is recycled
Deng.
(2) experimental designs
(1) light exposure test
Light exposure test uses single factor test RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, if at total n+1 of CK1 of n kinds degradative plastic film, common ground film control
Reason, each processing are an experimental plot, random alignment, 2 repetitions, total (n+1) × 2 cell.Each the length of cell is
10m, width is depending on local Food crop.Plastic film mulch is carried out by normal operating type in field, not long-term cropping under film,
Ensure that mulch is completely exposed in the sun, observes the degradation situation of the mulch under the exposure condition of field.
(2) landfill experiment
Landfill experiment uses single factor test RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, ground membrane sample to set n kinds degradative plastic film and common ground film control CK1
Total n+1 processing, random alignment, buried depth 10cm, point three observation periods, each observation period repeats three times.Each observation
Phase digs the flat hole of rectangle of 150 × 50cm according to set depth, and n kinds degradative plastic film and common ground film control CK1 are cut out respectively
It is cut into the diaphragm of 40 (transverse direction) × 30 (longitudinal direction) cm, is marked, is fitted into 20 mesh insect prevention mesh bags, it is uniform by random permutation order
Open and flat to be put into hole, registration is on record, backfills the whole soil dug out.
(3) crop plastic-film-covered cultivation is tested
Plastic-film-covered cultivation experiment uses single factor test RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, if n kinds degradative plastic film, common ground film control CK1 and naked
Reveal the total n+2 processing of CK2, it is an experimental plot each to handle, random alignment, 3 repetitions, altogether (n+2) × 3 cell.It rises
Ridge (furrow) is planted, and ridge (furrow) width, ridge (furrow) spacing, ridge (furrow) ditch depth, the line-spacing and spacing in the rows of crop are specified.
(3) observes record project, method and requirement
(1) the upper machine performance tests of
Actual conditions are laid with according to various regions mulch, carry out covering with ground sheeting operation using local Conventional coverlay film machine, test is participated in the experiment
Whether mulch meets agricultural machinery working requirement, and emphasis is to investigate evaluation mulch under overlay film equipment normal walking state with the presence or absence of disconnected
It splits and situations such as adhesion.
Video data, at least complete process of deployment of each one repetition of mulch of participating in the experiment need to be preserved when upper machine plastic film mulch.
(2) performance test-soil moisture monitoring is heated
There are many methods for soil moisture measurement, but assay method will meet the publication of China national weather bureau《Ground Meteorological
Observation criteria (ISBN： 9787502936907)》In about ground temperature measurement requirement.
Instrumental method：The method with the mating data collecting system of platinum resistance ground temperature sensor can also be used to be measured (tool
Body is shown in specification).It (is proposed with Japan's production HIOKI temperature and automatically records probe apparatus measurement, the probe depth of burying is 10cm, often
60 minutes records, 1 data, 3 repetitions).
(3) preserve soil moisture performance test
Soil Water content is indicated using evaporation capacity after table overlay film after overlay film.
This experiment uniformly arranges test by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's agricultural environment and the Study on Sustainable Development.
(4) plant growth condition survey
1. fertility condition is investigated
Carry out the investigation of film mulched crops breeding time, the date of breeding time enters the fertility with 50% or more plant of cell
Phase is mark.Insert table 2.
2. yield is tested
Clearly survey production method.It is required that Abnormal Plants caused by hybrid strain in cell and non-test factor are rejected (such as empty bar),
The yield for rejecting strain is refilled with cell average product.Insert table 3.
(5) ridge (furrow) face Plastic-film disintegration situation
1. Plastic-film disintegration condition survey
The overlay film time in exposure area is identical as crop plastic-film-covered cultivation area, and according to experiment field design, each processing mulch is covered
It is placed on experimental plot ridge (furrow) face.Exposure district's groups are recorded in observation and vegetation cultivation each degradative plastic film of district's groups reaches degradation
The time of divided stages standard, data insert table 4 and table 5.
It is required 2. the observation of Plastic-film disintegration situation is recorded
Personnel are recorded in the observation of each testing site, should be first 30 days after overlay film, and observation in every 10 days is primary；31-40 days after overlay film,
Observation in every 5 days is primary；After overlay film from 41 days, observation in every 3 days is primary, until induction period terminates (up to 75 days after overlay film)；With
After to restore observation in every 10 days primary；Record is respectively participated in the experiment, and (whether cracked, crack, degree of crushing, record are split film breakage
Line, the quantity in crack and broken block number and record), and judge situation of degrading, emphasis records the appearance date of induction period.
The scene of each degradation period is photographed to record, it is specific as follows：Pinpoint photograph (50cm* is carried out using fixed frame
50cm).It is required according to observation interval, one group of photo is all taken in observation every time, up to no film phase；Every group of experiment is both needed to select once weight
It is multiple, observe that first degradative plastic film reaches induction period, the cracking phase, big splits phase, fragmentation phase and when without the film phase, all samples difference is complete
It takes pictures in portion.After each observational day is taken pictures, it must be found in the same day to photo mark (film sample number, photographing data, degradation situation)
Problem is remedied in time.Coding rule：Tag size, province is abridged, and+film is (such as (such as BJ)+testing site (such as A)+crop (such as 1)
01)。
When crop harvests, the Plastic-film disintegration degree on each processing cell ridge (furrow) face, including integral status (range estimation are observed
Description), residual film strength test and evaluation (intensity is tested by feel and is described).Design table (schedule) is needed, seeks unity of standard, divides 4-5 grades
Ticking.
The situation of ensuing crop root entanglement mulch is harvested, and is compared in common ground film.When real tillage, mulch winding
The case where farm implements.
3. degradation period divides and degradation situation explanation
Induction period in stage A-, it is natural to there is many places (more than from per linear meter 3)≤2cm from overlay film to ridge (furrow) face mulch
The time of crack or hole (diameter)；
Stage B- crack the phase, i.e., ridge (furrow) face mulch appearance >=2cm, < 20cm dries or hole (diameter) when
Between；
Stage C- splits greatly the phase, i.e. the time more than 20cm dries occurs in ridge (furrow) face mulch；
Fragmentation phase in stage D-, mulch flexibility are lost to the greatest extent, and fragmentation occurs in ridge (furrow) face mulch, and maximum mulch relic area≤
The time of 16cm2；
Stage E- can not see the time of mulch relic substantially without film phase, ridge (furrow) face mulch.
The determination method of induction period is as follows：In the plot Planting Crops of the same area for covering degradable mulch, institute
There is plot to take unified agrotechnical management, degradative plastic film drop is simulated in the mulch in the different growing rupture of membranes difference plot of crops
Solution, wherein the area of rupture of membranes is identical on each crops breeding time difference plot, the area of institute's rupture of membranes accounts for each plot entirely
The 5%-20% of film area coverage measures the rupture of membranes period of analysing output and breeding time number of days after crop maturity, and yield is most
Applicable degradable mulch reasonable induction period of the high rupture of membranes period as judgement crops.
According to the method for carrying out field trial, according to the identical experimental plot of Crop growing stage quantity n setting area, each
It is 3 that experimental plot, which is arranged, in breeding time, and a check experiment group is arranged, i.e., setting experimental plot (n+1) × 3, experiment are small altogether
Area is 20-80m2, experimental plot setting, which is protected, goes, and experimental plot is numbered according to each breeding time, and each breeding time is right at random
3 experimental plots are answered, it is unified to cover degradable mulch, and the crops of planting experiment, unified agrotechnical management is taken, in crops
Rupture of membranes is carried out to the hillslope processes mulch for numbering the breeding time to simulate degradative plastic film degradation when growing to corresponding breeding time, wherein
The area of rupture of membranes is identical in each crops breeding time different tests cell, and the area of rupture of membranes accounts for the entire mulch in each experimental plot
The 10%-15% of area coverage, holes does not observe its total breeding time number of days to control group mulch after crop maturity, and measures each
Experimental plot ultimate output is compared using variance analysis in different growing rupture of membranes experimental plot and the breeding time number of days of control group
And volume variance, best rupture of membranes period is determined, yield highest rupture of membranes period is degradable as being applicable in for judgement crops
Mulch reasonable induction period.
It is using holes device, holes device production method when mulch rupture of membranes：On the metal or wood based panel of mulch breadth 1/3
Even welding hammers into that spike is several, wherein the density of spike be 5 × plate length × plate it is wide × 15%/π × spike diameter 4.
(6) landfill pilot survey sampling
According to experiment year meter, sample buries 90 days, the 180 days and 365 days all film samples for taking out a district's groups after soil, washes
Only, it is marked according to unified test number, observes and bury membrane degradation cosmetic variation situation, to can still carry out physical property survey
Fixed sample carries out relevant parameter measurement according to GB/T 1040 or GB/T13022-1991.Each sample is both needed to photograph to record,
And related data is inserted into table 6.
(4) acquisition, preparation and test of test specimens
To test mulch physical mechanical property, each testing site need to provide the sample of tested film, uniformly send to Ministry of Agriculture's agriculture
At industry ecology and the environmental protection of protection of resources master station.
It is carried out delimiting sampling mulch (sampling specification with ruler：Film is wide × 20 (longitudinal direction) m), it is split with paper knife, it will
The film tiling taken, which folds, is packed into plastic packaging bag, and each sample should be put into sample tags (Fig. 1) in plastic packaging bag simultaneously.
(5) points for attention
(1) test arrangement.Each responsible department will be paid much attention to, and testing site should arrange special messenger to be responsible for, the refinement of testing program
Adaptation to local conditions, scientific and reasonable is wanted with implementation, technical measures must be implemented completely.Between each experimental plot of same experiment district's groups
Keep soil fertility consistent with field management measure.
(2) data survey.It should be noted that record preceding crop, cultivated site preparation situation and field pipe measure, are strictly pressed during experiment
Investigation records indices are required according to testing program, ensure that informative data is reliable.
(3) image data.It is 1.5*1.2m to establish the clear size Hubei of pilot project label (Fig. 2) in field, and
With the crucial implementation process of digital photograph record, including early-stage preparations, whole, fertilising, overlay film, seeding operation, Field observation, seedling are ploughed
Sentiment is looked into, key developmental stages are investigated, species test harvests, is trained and the photos such as on-the-spot meeting and annotation.
(4) test report is worked out.This tests the data (including data after initial data and analysis and arrangement) of all investigation,
It is required that using execl typings without exception, written material uses word typings, digital photograph to require to provide the JPEG of 1.5-3MB without exception
Types of image；Comprehensive analysis observation data and word, photo data after the test, by the test result and correlation of objective and fair
Opinions and suggestions are formulated as test report.
Subordinate list
1 soil testing result of table
Place：Save ground cities and counties (rural peasant household plot name)；
Soil types：(being divided into sand soil, clayey soil, loam three classes).Date
Table 2-1 maize growth situation survey grafts
The exper-imental block time：Overlay film day after tomorrow
Table 2-2 cotton fertility condition application forms
It is recommended that most next two columns merge into state of an illness situation
The exper-imental block time：Overlay film day after tomorrow
Table 2-3 peanut fertility condition application forms
The exper-imental block time：Overlay film day after tomorrow
Table 2-4 potatos give birth to situation survey graft
The exper-imental block time：Overlay film day after tomorrow
The fertility conditions application forms such as table 2-5 rice
(summary) asks each testing site perfect according to specific crop situation.
3 production statistics table of table
The exper-imental block date
4 Plastic-film disintegration status investigation table (light exposure test) of table
The exper-imental block time：Overlay film day after tomorrow
5 Plastic-film disintegration status investigation table (light exposure test) of table
The exper-imental block time：Overlay film day after tomorrow
6 degradative plastic film of table landfill experiment field observational record table
| Observation period | Degradation period | Palliating degradation degree | Strength Changes | Molecular weight |
| 90 days | ||||
| 180 days | ||||
| 365 days |
Note：The following symbolic indication of palliating degradation degree："○" expression does not occur signs of degradation；It is existing that "+" expression begins with degradation
As；" ++ " indicates that signs of degradation is apparent；" +++ " indicates that degradation accelerates；"-" expression is basically completed degradation；Strength Changes use GB/
T 1040 or GB/T 13022-1991；Molecular weight determination uses GPC method.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 sample tags
Fig. 2 pilot project labels
Specific implementation mode
A kind of degradable mulch contrast test technical solution, operating procedure：
Soil testing result
Place：In Shunyi District of Beijing Great Sun Ge Village town
Soil types：Loam.
In August, 2016
(1) light exposure test
Light exposure test uses single factor test RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, if at total 5+1 of CK1 of 5 kinds of degradative plastic films, common ground film control
Reason, each processing are an experimental plot, random alignment, 2 repetitions, total (5+1) × 2 cell.Each the length of cell is
10m, width is depending on local Food crop.Plastic film mulch is carried out by normal operating type in field, not long-term cropping under film,
Ensure that mulch is completely exposed in the sun, observes the degradation situation of the mulch under the exposure condition of field.
Plastic-film disintegration status investigation table (light exposure test)
The exper-imental block time：365 days after overlay film
The determination method of degradable mulch induction period is as follows：
Test site is Gansu Province Dingxi County, and trial crops are potato, and according to potato breeding time, i.e. squaring period is broken
The identical test group of 3 areas is arranged in hole, florescence holes, tuber expansion period holes, separately sets whole not holes test group (CK),
The identical experimental plot of 3 areas is arranged in each test group, and experimental plot 12 is arranged altogether, and each experimental plot covers polyethylene
Mulch, area 50m2, are numbered.Carried out covering with ground sheeting and sowing on April 18, June 24 entered squaring period, to corresponding
3 cells of number carry out punching rupture of membranes to simulate degradative plastic film degradation, and rupture of membranes tool is rake, broken according to rake teeth diameter calculation
Hole number (size of specific holes tool everywhere, according to the density of spike be (5 × plate length × plate wide × 15%)/(π ×
Spike diameter 2) formula calculating density), punching rupture of membranes is uniformly carried out on mulch to simulate the degradative plastic film degradation (face of rupture of membranes
Product accounts for the 15% of the entire mulch area coverage in each experimental plot).July 12 entered florescence, to 3 cells accordingly numbered
Punching rupture of membranes is carried out to simulate degradative plastic film degradation, punches rupture of membranes same squaring period.September 12 days, into tuber expansion period, to corresponding
3 cells of number carry out punching rupture of membranes, punch rupture of membranes same squaring period.Record each cell potato mature period, it is right after harvest
Each cell carries out survey production.Final data acquired is as follows：
Analysis test data is not it is found that each breeding time punching rupture of membranes of potato punches its total fertility day of rupture of membranes with the time of infertility
Number is almost the same, and florescence punches the yield highest of rupture of membranes, and squaring period takes second place, and tuber expansion period third, the time of infertility does not punch
Yield it is minimum.Therefore, it is suitble to the degradable mulch best induction period (safe period) of potato in its florescence.
(2) landfill experiment：Landfill experiment uses single factor test RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, ground membrane sample to set 4 kinds of degradative plastic films and general
The logical total 4+1 processing of mulch control CK1, random alignment, buried depth 10cm, point three observation periods, each observation period is three times
It repeats.Each observation period digs the flat hole of rectangle of 150 × 50cm according to set depth, by 4 kinds of degradative plastic films and common ground film
Control CK1 is cut into the diaphragm of 40 (transverse direction) × 30 (longitudinal direction) cm respectively, marks, is fitted into 20 mesh insect prevention mesh bags, press with
Machine put in order uniformly it is open and flat be put into hole, registration it is on record, backfill the whole soil dug out.
Fill pilot survey sampling：According to experiment year meter, sample buries the taking-ups one in 90 days, 180 days and 365 days after soil
All film samples of district's groups are cleaned, are marked according to unified test number, are observed and are buried membrane degradation cosmetic variation situation, right
The sample that measuring physical properties can still be carried out carries out relevant parameter measurement according to GB/T 1040 or GB/T13022-1991.Each
Sample is both needed to photograph to record, and related data is inserted table.
Degradative plastic film landfill experiment field observational record table：
Note：The following symbolic indication of palliating degradation degree："○" expression does not occur signs of degradation；It is existing that "+" expression begins with degradation
As；" ++ " indicates that signs of degradation is apparent；" +++ " indicates that degradation accelerates；"-" expression is basically completed degradation；Strength Changes use GB/
T 1040 or GB/T 13022-1991；Molecular weight determination uses GPC method.
(3) crop plastic-film-covered cultivation is tested
Plastic-film-covered cultivation experiment uses single factor test RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, if 4 kinds of degradative plastic films, common ground film control CK1 and naked
Reveal CK2 totally 6 processing, it is an experimental plot each to handle, random alignment, 3 repetitions, altogether (5+2) × 3 cell.Ridging
(furrow) are planted, and specify ridge (furrow) width, ridge (furrow) spacing, ridge (furrow) ditch depth, the line-spacing and spacing in the rows of crop.
Maize growth situation survey graft：
The exper-imental block time：365 days after on 08 15th, 2016 overlay films
Production statistics table
Exper-imental block on 08 15th, 2016
Claims (8)
1. a kind of degradable mulch contrast test technical solution, which is characterized in that providing a kind of contrast test technical solution includes
Three experiments：Be exposed to the sun experiment, landfill experiment, crop plastic-film-covered cultivation experiment.
2. contrast test technical solution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that experiment of being exposed to the sun：Experiment uses single factor test
RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, if the total n+1 processing of n kinds degradative plastic film, common ground film control CK1, each processing is an experimental plot,
Random alignment, 2 repetitions, total (n+1) × 2 cell；The length of each cell is 10m, and width is according to local Food crop
Depending on；Plastic film mulch being carried out by normal operating type in field, not long-term cropping under film, it is ensured that mulch is completely exposed in the sun,
Observe the degradation situation of the mulch under the exposure condition of field.
3. contrast test technical solution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that landfill experiment：Experiment uses single factor test
RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, ground membrane sample set n kinds degradative plastic film and the total n+1 processing of common ground film control CK1, and random alignment is buried
Depth is 10cm, and point three observation periods, each observation period repeats three times；Each observation period digs 150 × 50cm according to set depth
The flat hole of rectangle, by n kinds degradative plastic film and common ground film control CK1 be cut into 40 (transverse direction) × 30 (longitudinal direction) cm's respectively
Diaphragm marks, and is fitted into 20 mesh insect prevention mesh bags, is put into hole by random permutation order is uniformly open and flat, registration is on record, backfill
The whole soil dug out.
4. contrast test technical solution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that crop plastic-film-covered cultivation is tested：Experiment is adopted
It is each to locate if total n+2 of n kinds degradative plastic film, common ground film control CK1 and exposed CK2 is handled with single factor test RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN
Reason is an experimental plot, random alignment, 3 repetitions, total (n+2) × 3 cell；Ridging (furrow) is planted, specify ridge (furrow) it is wide,
Ridge (furrow) spacing, ridge (furrow) ditch depth, the line-spacing and spacing in the rows of crop.
5. contrast test technical solution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the observation of Plastic-film disintegration situation, which is recorded, to be wanted
It asks：Personnel are recorded in the observation of each testing site, should be first 30 days after overlay film, and observation in every 10 days is primary；31-40 days after overlay film, every 5 days
Observation is primary；After overlay film from 41 days, observation in every 3 days is primary, until induction period terminates (up to 75 days after overlay film)；Restore later
Observation in every 10 days is primary；Record is respectively participated in the experiment, and (whether cracked, crack, degree of crushing record crackle, crack to film breakage
Quantity and broken block number and record), and judge situation of degrading, emphasis records the appearance date of induction period.
6. examination contrast test technical solution according to claim 1, it is characterised in that degradation period divides and degradation situation
Respectively：
There are many places (more than from per linear meter 3)≤2cm dries from overlay film to ridge (furrow) face mulch in induction period in stage A-
Or the time of hole (diameter)；
Stage B- crack the phase, i.e. ridge (furrow) face mulch appearance >=2cm, < 20cm dries or hole (diameter) time；
Stage C- splits greatly the phase, i.e. the time more than 20cm dries occurs in ridge (furrow) face mulch；
Fragmentation phase in stage D-, mulch flexibility are lost to the greatest extent, and fragmentation, maximum mulch relic area≤16cm2 occurs in ridge (furrow) face mulch
Time；
Stage E- can not see the time of mulch relic substantially without film phase, ridge (furrow) face mulch.
7. induction period according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the determination method of degradable mulch induction period：Identical
The plot Planting Crops of the covering mulch of area, unified agrotechnical management is taken in all plot, in the different growing of crops
The mulch in rupture of membranes difference plot come simulate degradative plastic film degradation, wherein on each crops breeding time difference plot rupture of membranes area
Identical, the area of institute's rupture of membranes accounts for the 5%-20% of the entire mulch area coverage in each plot, and analysis is measured after crop maturity
The rupture of membranes period of yield and breeding time number of days, yield highest rupture of membranes period close as the applicable degradable mulch of judgement crops
Manage induction period；
It is each to give birth to according to the identical experimental plot of Crop growing stage quantity n setting area according to the method for carrying out field trial
It is 3 that experimental plot, which is arranged, in phase, and a check experiment group is arranged, i.e., the experimental plot (n+1) × 3 is arranged altogether, experimental plot is
20-80m2, experimental plot setting protection row, experimental plot are numbered according to each breeding time, and each breeding time is 3 corresponding at random
Experimental plot, it is unified to cover degradable mulch, and the crops of planting experiment, unified agrotechnical management is taken, in crop growth
Rupture of membranes is carried out to the hillslope processes mulch for numbering the breeding time to when corresponding breeding time, wherein each crops breeding time difference is tried
Test that the area of rupture of membranes in cell is identical, the area of rupture of membranes accounts for the 10%-15% of the entire mulch area coverage in each experimental plot, right
According to group mulch, holes does not observe its total breeding time number of days, and measure each experimental plot ultimate output after crop maturity, uses
Variance analysis is compared in different growing rupture of membranes experimental plot and the breeding time number of days and volume variance of control group, is determined best
Rupture of membranes period, yield highest rupture of membranes period as judgement crops applicable degradable mulch reasonable induction period；
It is using holes device, holes device production method when mulch rupture of membranes：It is uniformly welded on the metal or wood based panel of mulch breadth 1/3
Connect or hammer into that spike is several, wherein the density of spike be 5 × plate length × plate it is wide × 15%/π × spike diameter 4.
8. contrast test technical solution according to claim 3, which is characterized in that landfill experiment：Pilot survey sampling is pressed
According to experiment year meter, sample buries 90 days, the 180 days and 365 days all film samples for taking out a district's groups after soil, cleans, according to system
One test number marks, and observes and buries membrane degradation cosmetic variation situation, to can still carry out the sample of measuring physical properties
Relevant parameter measurement is carried out according to national standard, each sample is both needed to photograph to record.
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