Soldering super hard abrasive hull polishing pad abrasive material arrangement technique
Technical field
The invention belongs to ship hull weld joint, crator and surface scale polishing field, relate to a kind of soldering super hard abrasive hull polishing pad abrasive material arrangement new technology, be applicable to the rust cleaning of argosy surface, go scar, except splashing.In addition, the present invention also can be applicable to the polishing nonmetallic materials such as polysilicon, glass and the stone-like material such as marble, granite.
Background technology
Shipbuilding industry is for the industries such as water transportation, ocean development and national defense construction provide the modern times of technical equipment comprehensive industry, also be work, capital-and technology-intensive enterprise, China's human resources are enriched, have the very long coastline of suitable shipbuilding, developing shipbuilding industry has stronger comparative advantages.Meanwhile, increasing rapidly of China's Foreign Trade, also for shipping industry provides good opportunity to develop, China's shipping industry is expected to one of industry becoming most international competitiveness.
The risk being difficult to for 2008 expect is comed one after another, and U.S. financial crisis involves the whole world rapidly, is faced with the winter of financial storm sternness by U.S. financial conjunctural effect China boats and ships industry.In addition, the rise of the prices of raw and semifnished materials such as the lasting run at high level of oil price and iron and steel then constitutes the main pressure of industry operation.The trend of international industry transfers is presented in the huge opportunity of shipbuilding industry in face of Chinese Enterprise, but in the market competition environment of fierceness, how evading various risk, seize the opportunity, is the problem of affecting one's fate with enterprise development.
In shipbuilding flow process, a wherein very crucial job is by smooth for the cleaning of surfaces to be welded of whole hull, clean.Because whole hull is mainly welded together through special by high-tensile structural steel, welding process reaction is violent, a large amount of splashing points that the weld seam of various shape, single solder joint, crator and the solder flux splashing out in welding process and melting point metals are formed can be produced, therefore weld seam is many, weld seam is long, the close complex contour of solder joint and be difficult to polish and become the difficult point that hull manufactures.The method of current routine is that the polishing work hand operated grinding wheel machine having installed resin grinding wheels carries out hand sand.But because resin grinding wheels utilizes the principle of resin solidification that the super hard abrasives such as carborundum are consolidated into plate-like to be made, at the bottom of its bond strength, therefore in bruting process, there will be, polishing pad easy consumption, spark is large, and smell is large, the shortcomings such as dust is large.This is that the weld seam running into high strength due to resin grinding wheels in bruting process was subject to large impact, cause abrasive material limit broken to come off, and due to abrasive material proud exposure low, grinding skin temperature is high, cause resin deliquescing, scorification volatilization, give out poisonous, penetrating odor.In addition, cause polishing pad sharpness undesirable because abrasive material exposure is low, grinding efficiency is comparatively slow, makes the polishing workload of hull account for about 1/3rd of the overall manufacturing effort of boats and ships.
Owing to there is above shortcoming, add the requirement of shipping industry to cost control, need to develop a kind of Novel polishing pad to replace traditional polishing pad, to reach the objects such as grinding efficiency is high, the life-span long, pollution-free.
The concretion technology of super hard abrasive has three kinds of main combinations such as plating, sintering, soldering at present.Find by carrying out contrast to above three kinds of combinations, at the bottom of sintering technology and electroplating technology abrasive material proud exposure, it is low that carcass holds intensity to abrasive material, and sharpness is undesirable, chip removal weak effect, proved the requirement being difficult to competent high strength weld seam of polishing.And soldering tech utilizes solder fusing super hard abrasive and matrix to be welded together, there occurs enhanced primary treatment before solder and abrasive material, abrasive material weld strength is high, and therefore abrasive material exposure is high, and grinding is sharp, is ideal a kind of technology making polishing welding seams.Compare other super hard abrasive, diamond is material the hardest at present; Abrasiveness is good; Little and the thermal conductivity of specific heat is large, therefore easily heats up and also easily dispels the heat, and diamond is the ideal material of polishing metal.Compared to conventional resins grinding wheel, brazed diamond tool is owing in use substantially there will not be abrasive material obscission, and without resin melting volatilization, because of in use procedure safety, have no irritating odor generation, has more the feature of environmental protection.This is consistent with the idea of development of current low-carbon (LC), environmental protection.
At present, utilize soldering tech, be welded on by super hard abrasive and steel matrix prepares Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools have certain applications in actual production, such as high ferro wins lattice plate emery wheel, brazed diamond drill bit etc.But not yet there are relevant report and patent to occur at present for the diamond tool of specialty polishing ship hull weld joint.Existing braze welding diamond milling tools kind is few, and is used for stone material of polishing, the manufacture craft of instrument, and matrix profile and grinding apparatus all have relatively big difference, cannot be applied in hull polishing.
And current conventional soldering mill mostly is the diamond in grinding disc substrate interface disorder arrangement some, is then made through high temperature brazing.The arrangement of its disc surface abrasive material is due to technique restriction, be difficult to accomplish even arrangement, and the actual pattern of not with good grounds mill carries out landforms optimization, namely abrasive consumption is wasted, constrain again grinding efficiency and the life-span of mill, cause soldering mill and still do not obtain in iron and steel polishing field at present applying revolutionaryly.
Abrasive material alignment technology is existing certain applications in sintering, soldering, electroplated product, are applied to the porose template of technology, vacuum suction method and the tufted arrangement method of producing.Wherein with Chinese emery wheel company Song Jianmin doctor (U.S.Patent6039641) in China Taiwan for hole template that representative is invented is that the casement plate utilizing special material to make distributes abrasive material in order, its principle is on substrate, have sequence aperture, every pore volume receives a diamond, then utilizes related process that the abrasive material that sequence is arranged is adhered to matrix surface.The method is used for preparing in sintered diamond tool, as saw blade tip, can only be used for plane and a small amount of simple geometry profile at present.With Chengdu Zhong Hao superhard material Co., Ltd (200820061656.4) for the vacuum suction method that representative is invented utilizes the principle vacuumized to allow the foraminate template of a band have absorption affinity ADSORPTION OF GOLD hard rock, then matrix surface is placed in, this kind of mode and hole template similar, can only prepare some comparatively simple geometric surfaces, and above-mentioned two kinds of methods not yet accomplish to distribute in order abrasive material according to workpiece serviceability at present.The third tufted arrangement method refers to the template utilizing certain geometric shape, makes diamond abrasive be distributed in the space of this template, spreads template after cloth is good.This kind of mode is more common in electroplated diamond product, because template construct is comparatively simple, be widely used in electroplated product, but this kind of method only can accomplish that macroshape is orderly, and the diamond abrasive arrangement in each space remains unordered, cannot ordered arrangement be accomplished, be difficult to the advantage effectively playing diamond abrasive.
Summary of the invention
For above problem, the invention provides a kind of soldering super hard abrasive hull polishing pad abrasive material arrangement technique.Its cardinal principle is the specific requirement according to hull polishing, is supporting to polish with hand operated grinding wheel machine, and the soldering processes optimization in conjunction with Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools calculates the arrangement of abrasive material on polishing pad surface.By the optimal design of above parameter, show that the abrasive material of the arrangement of soldering super hard abrasive polishing pad abrasive material and coupling being most suitable for hull polishing is selected.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of soldering super hard abrasive hull polishing pad abrasive material arrangement technique, comprises polishing pad outer end edges cloth, polishing pad inclined-plane cloth and polishing pad top plan cloth, it is characterized in that:
The abrasive grain of described polishing pad outer end edges cloth is 16 ~ 80 orders, and the horizontal spacing of adjacent two abrasive particles is 1.6d ~ 4.5d, the longitudinal pitch 1.5d ~ 5.5d of adjacent two abrasive particles, and wherein d is the maximum particle diameter of abrasive material;
The abrasive grain of described polishing pad inclined-plane cloth is 25 ~ 100 orders, along mill radially adjoining abrasive particle spacing range 1.5d ~ 4d, the spacing range 1.5d ~ 6d of the two row abrasive particles radially distributed mutually;
The abrasive material of described polishing pad top plan cloth is tufted abrasive material, and single tufted abrasive material is by 1 ~ 115 abrasive particle solid matter, and the granularity of abrasive particle is 35 ~ 140 orders, tufted areal extent 3mm
2~ 15mm
2.
Described polishing pad external diametrical extent at 60mm ~ 250mm, matrix thickness 0.1mm ~ 5mm.
The abrasive particle of described polishing pad outer end edges is high-grade drilling abrasive material, and adjacent two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 2.5d, adjacent two abrasive particle longitudinal pitch 3d, and the granularity of abrasive particle is 30 order ~ 40 orders.
The abrasive material of polishing pad inclined-plane cloth is high-grade grinding abrasive material, and the granularity of abrasive material is 35 order ~ 50 orders.
The geometric shape of described polishing pad top plan tufted abrasive material is circle, triangle, rectangle or regular polygon.
The track of each tufted abrasive material formation of described polishing pad upper end planar arrangement: be straight line, circular arc, involute or parabolic path, the spacing range 3mm ~ 25mm between two adjacent two trajectories.
Described polishing pad: the abrasive material of top plan arrangement is the grinding abrasive material of medium grade, and the granularity of abrasive material is 50 order ~ 80 orders.
By above creativeness invention design, draw best abrasive material landforms effect of optimization, and soldering sintered carbide tools technology can be utilized, by abrasive material abrasive material arrangement method, abrasive material is welded on designed Novel grinding disc matrix, just can prepares the Novel polishing pad being applied to hull polishing.Plane single grinding material sequential arraying mode is creatively arranged with tufted abrasive material and is combined by the landforms optimization designed by the present invention, solve the difficult problem that traditional bistrique arrangement method is difficult to carry out according to operating mode, operation parameter landforms optimization, and achieve region grinding material sequential distribution.In addition, in the present invention, abrasive material used can accomplish according to requirements cloth respectively, makes the use of abrasive material more reasonable, has more economy.
It is high that polishing pad of the present invention has grinding efficiency, feel is light, shake little, odorlessness, the features such as the life-span is long, good looking appearance, comparatively ideally instead of traditional resin grinding wheels, be the direction of hull polishing pad development in shipping industry, and also can be applicable to other nonmetal fields such as pottery, stone material, polysilicon preferably, there is very large market potential.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 soldering hull polishing pad basal body structure;
Fig. 2 soldering hull polishing pad outer end edges abrasive material landforms are optimized;
The spacing of Fig. 3 abrasive particle minimum unit;
Fig. 4 soldering hull polishing pad surface abrasive landforms are optimized;
Fig. 5 external diameter 100 braze welding diamond polishing pad cloth scheme;
Fig. 6 external diameter 125 braze welding diamond multifunctional polishing dish cloth scheme.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is elaborated:
Hull polishing pad is installed on hand operated grinding wheel machine, and its profile is disc, and center is porose, is positioned on emery wheel fixing by this hole.Disk end face is furnished with the abrasive material of certain arrangement, is fixed by solder soldering.Bottom is a concave surface, for chip removal and be positioned abrasive machine.Polishing pad matrix profile as shown in Figure 1.Polishing pad matrix is disc, and disk top is not a plane, and have an inclined-plane at its edge, width is about about 5mm.The width of grinding disc substrate top plan is determined according to mill entire outer diameter, plane width should account for mill radius 1/3 ~ 1/2 between.Grinding disc substrate outer end rounding.Fillet size is mated with matrix thickness.The present invention the polishing pad size range that is suitable for be: external diameter 60mm ~ 250mm, matrix thickness 0.1mm ~ 5.0mm.
(1) mill outer end abrasive material arrangement landforms optimization
Polishing pad in use, polishing pad outer end edges high-speed rotation limit is pushed ahead, therefore stressed maximum in polishing pad outermost end, then require that abrasive material soldering strength is higher, institute's load of bearing is larger, and the motion of mill outer end can be regarded as and cuts while the motion of grinding, therefore, in order to reduce outer end load, the density of mill outer end abrasive material should be many as much as possible when ensureing chip space, therefore mill outer end cloth can accomplish that solid matter is orderly, as shown in Figure 2.
According to load and mill gripper path analysis, abrasive material selects coarsegrain, high-grade drilling abrasive material herein.Abrasive grain scope 16 order ~ 80 order, selects 30 order ~ 40 order granularities by assay optimization.
Abrasive particle solid matter parameter designing is as follows: when abrasive grain placement, and can regard close four abrasive particles as a unit, as shown in Figure 3, diagonal L 1, L2 can see horizontal spacing and the longitudinal pitch of abrasive particle.If the maximum particle diameter of abrasive material is d, then adjacent two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 1.6d ~ 4.5d, optimize and select 2.5d, longitudinal pitch 1.5d ~ 5.5d, optimize and select 3d.
(2) polishing pad inclined-plane abrasive material arrangement landforms optimization
Less compared with outer end edges owing to bearing load on mill inclined-plane, but still need the effect of grinding, chip removal, be that grinding efficiency is high to the requirement on this inclined-plane, the grinding life-span is long, excellent in heat dissipation effect, and chip removal is effective.Due to mill revolution at a high speed, for ensureing that vibration is minimum and grinding efficiency is the highest, then on gyratory directions, the abrasive particle quantity of synchronization participation grinding unanimously can ensure the stationarity of grinding.In order to realize above-mentioned requirements, adopt the method for ordered arrangement abrasive material, abrasive particle is totally arranged along mill radial direction, along mill radially adjoining abrasive particle spacing range 1.5d ~ 4d, the spacing range 1.5d ~ 6d of the two row abrasive particles radially distributed mutually.
According to load and mill gripper path analysis, abrasive material selects medium size, high-grade grinding abrasive material herein.Abrasive grain scope 25 order ~ 100 order, selects 35 order ~ 50 order granularities by assay optimization.
(3) polishing pad top plan abrasive material arrangement landforms optimization
The top plan landforms principle of optimality to require according to hull polishing and the condition of work such as bead contour, abrasive machine rotating speed of polishing carries out the optimum that creatively landforms optimization draws.Due to the motion being actually cutting in the motion of hull polishing pad, grinding unites two into one, the surface polished still has the requirement of certain precision, therefore after mill outer end and inclined-plane cut, the effect of plane is chip removal, grinding further, polishing grinding surface, therefore in order to improve polishing precision and chip removal effect, polishing pad top abrasive material arrangement situation as shown in Figure 3.
Top plan place is according to turbine-like arrangement tufted abrasive material, does not arrange abrasive material in other position.The geometric shape of single tufted can be circular, triangle, rectangle, the shapes such as regular polygon and other complex geometry profile.Single tufted abrasive material solid matter, abrasive particle number range 1 ~ 115, tufted areal extent 3mm
2~ 15mm
2.
The track L3 that each tufted abrasive material is formed can be the tracks such as straight line, circular arc, involute, parabola.Spacing range 3mm ~ 25mm between two adjacent two trajectories.
According to load and mill gripper path analysis, the abrasive material grinding abrasive material of selecting medium grade, granularity thinner herein.Abrasive grain scope 35 order ~ 140 order, selects 50 order ~ 80 order granularities by assay optimization.
Grade classification identical with JB/GQF6010-86 (diamond, cubic boron nitride product quality grading standard) of the abrasive material that the present invention relates to
Embodiment one
A kind of its grinding material sequential arraying conceptual design of new hull weld grinding dish is as follows:
For the braze welding diamond hull polishing pad of external diameter 100mm, as shown in Figure 5, its ordered arrangement scheme is:
1. mill outer end edges selects diamond abrasive, granularity 30 ~ 35 order, and adjacent two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 1.2mm, longitudinal pitch 1.5mm.
2. diamond abrasive is selected on inclined-plane, mill upper end, granularity 35 ~ 40 order, and radially two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 1.0mm, the two row abrasive particle spacing 1.8mm radially distributed.
3. plane abrasive material in mill upper end is by circular tufted arrangement, tufted diameter 3mm, and each tufted district arrangement 10 ~ 15,50 ~ 60 order diamond, trajectory is the circular arc of radius 115, all arranges 17
The braze welding diamond hull polishing pad that the method is produced, have grinding efficiency high, feel is light, shake little, odorlessness, the life-span is long, the features such as good looking appearance, and select the abrasive material of different grade according to actual conditions, optimize cost, have more economy, comparatively ideally instead of traditional resin grinding wheels, be the direction of hull polishing pad development in shipping industry, and also can be applicable to other nonmetal fields such as pottery, stone material, polysilicon preferably, there is very large market potential.
Embodiment two
One can be applicable to the polishing of iron and steel class, and the mill abrasive material arrangement design that can be applicable to again the nonmetal polishing such as stone material, polysilicon is as follows:
For the braze welding diamond polishing pad of external diameter 125mm, as shown in Figure 6, its ordered arrangement scheme is:
1. mill outer end edges selects diamond abrasive, granularity 35 ~ 40 order, and adjacent two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 1.5mm, longitudinal pitch 1.5mm.
2. diamond abrasive is selected on inclined-plane, mill upper end, granularity 45 ~ 50 order, and radially two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 1.5mm, the two row abrasive particle spacing 2.0mm radially distributed.
3. the arrangement of equilateral triangle tufted pressed by mill upper end plane abrasive material, tufted area 4.5mm
2, each tufted district arrangement 20 ~ 25,60 ~ 70 order diamond, trajectory is straight line, uniform 30 along mill center annular.
The multi-functional braze welding diamond hull polishing pad that the method is produced, not only goes for the metal polishings such as iron and steel, and also can be applicable to other nonmetal fields such as pottery, stone material, polysilicon, to have very large market potential preferably.