Molding structure in one-shot forming Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools distributing technique
Technical field
The utility model relates to the molding structure in one-shot forming Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools distributing technique.
Background technology
Traditional take the sintered carbide tools that diamond tool is representative and can be divided into plating tool and the large class of sintering instrument two, they have his own strong points.But because diamond surface exists higher surface energy, difficult and common metal infiltrates, and the intermetallic interface of abrasive particle and carcass does not exist firmly metallurgical bonding layer.Carcass is little to the hold of abrasive particle, and very easily because tyre body abrasion makes Grain Falling Off, utilization rate is not high; On the other hand, because diamond particles is mechanical embedding, therefore the height of its exposure is less, stock-removing efficiency is not high.
The sintered carbide tools of a new generation mostly is the single layer soldering sintered carbide tools that utilizes soldering processes, and to be the mode of utilizing solder fusing weld together super hard abrasive and workpiece substrate to be made for it.Conventional solderer has brazing saw blade, soldering emery wheel, soldering drill bit etc. at present.Doctor is because it has that abrasive material exposure is high, height is controlled intensity, sharpness is high and the advantage such as the life-span is long, cutting, grinding in fields such as metal material, hard brittle materials have obtained increasing application, and have substituted in a lot of fields traditional plating tool.
The Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools that diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN) be main making of take is widely used in cutting, the grinding of each metalloid material, the cutting processing of the hard brittle materials such as stone material, devitrified glass, plastics, carbon fiber.And in fields such as highway maintenance, geological drilling, mining, public safeties, obtained increasing application, the market demand increases gradually.
Because soldering super hard abrasive technology is the emerging technology that just started in recent years further investigation.Relevant doctor manufacturer is less, and the stage that the preparation of soldering sintered carbide tools is still produced in research and development limit, limit.At present, the distributing technique of certain soldering sintered carbide tools has been grasped in America and Europe, Korea S's a few countries and China Taiwan.Domestic manufacturer is because research and development ability is limited, and affected by interests factor and be difficult to do lasting deep research, the simple result of the test for several times of general many bases is just determined certain soldering processes, although this way can be produced substantially satisfactory product, but also expose certain problem, the one, because production technology is not accurately controlled, the quality of production is difficult to stablize, and product percent of pass cannot improve always fast.Moreover the difficult tool precision of determined production technology, sectionalization, be difficult to accomplish to treat with a certain discrimination to different processing requests.Above two methods have restricted the development at home of doctor technology largely, have also limited Chinese soldering super hard abrasive technology influence power in the world.
Soldering super hard abrasive comprises pre-welding treatment, matrix cloth, three main processes of heating soldering.From whole production procedure, can find out, the operations such as matrix cleaning, soldering heating can have been accomplished standardized work, can guarantee stable with consistent.But the distributing technique of matrix, because product category is different, processing object is different, often needs to do partial adjustment, but also more difficult control, this has caused relevant doctor difficult quality to reach the stable object improving.Therefore, what determine Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools quality critical is half-finished making, i.e. the soldering distributing technique of abrasive material and scolder.
Associated production producer and domestic university institute have been done certain research to soldering distributing technique at present, also have correlative study to be in the news.Sum up current reported distributing technique mode, mainly contain two kinds: a kind of is to carry out soldering with Powdered scolder, scolder and brazing flux or binding agent are stirred into paste, be then evenly applied to workpiece substrate surface, cloth spills abrasive material again, and then carries out gas brazing or vacuum brazing.Another kind is that sheet or paper tinsel shape weld tabs are affixed on to matrix surface, then super hard abrasive is placed in and on weld tabs, carries out gas brazing or vacuum brazing.
All there is certain defect in above-mentioned two kinds of methods.The more difficult control of brushing thickness of first method scolder, easily causes scolder very few or too much.And be difficult to brush evenly, and for the larger workpiece of curved surface radian (special-shaped emery wheel) and clear-cut margin workpiece (as saw blade) bad adaptability, in addition Powdered scolder is also more rambunctious with mixing of binding agent, this is because binding agent generally has part volatilization, the paste scolder concentration of modulating constantly changes, and easily causes in uneven thickness when smearing workpiece; And because brazing solder is generally metal, density is large, easily separates out from binding agent, form precipitation piece, also affected the use of paste scolder.Second method is to flat work pieces easy operating, but has larger difficulty for curved surface and revolving meber.This is because weld tabs mostly is paillon foil, but has certain thickness and shape, for flat work pieces, can be adjacent to, if but face of weld is curved surface (as special-shaped emery wheel), and pasting weld tabs will become a very difficult thing, and actual operability is little.
Except above two kinds of methods, also there is researcher to propose abrasive material and Powdered scolder to mix, be modulated into paste, be applied in surface of the work, one-shot forming.Although this process operates easily, after semi-finished product soldering, abrasive material is difficult to have high exposure, not even exposure, and be more difficult to mix for the abrasive material of coarsegrain.In fact instrument prepared by this process has lost the advantage that soldering super hard abrasive technology has, and cannot bring into play the sharpness that soldering tech brings high, the revolutionary effect that chip removal space is large.
In summary, all ripe doctor distributing techniques focus mostly on and spill aspect in the cloth of abrasive material and scolder at present, and scolder both has high requirements to cloth precision with the cloth that separates of abrasive material, because operation is more, affect again production efficiency, therefore, for can precisely control product quality, steady production technique, enhance productivity, need a kind of novel braze welding super hard abrasive distributing technique to solve the problem of above existence.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of can improve cloth efficiency, conformity of production is good, cloth is even, good and be suitable for the molding structure in the one-shot forming Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools distributing technique of industrialized mass production to the adaptability of workpiece, through heating soldering, can be prepared into Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools.
The purpose of this utility model realizes by the following technical solutions: the molding structure in one-shot forming Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools distributing technique, comprise matrix, it is characterized in that: at described matrix surface cloth, district is provided with compound pill, described compound pill is closely arranges, described compound pill is mainly comprised of abrasive particle, solder layer and paraffin layer, the periphery that described solder layer is coated on abrasive particle forms complex, and described paraffin layer is coated on the surface of complex and forms compound pill.
The utility model spills compound pill at the cloth district of matrix surface cloth, and easy and simple to handle, cloth efficiency improves greatly.The matching relationship of scolder and abrasive material can determine before cloth, artificial affecting is down to minimum, and conformity of production is good; Utilize the feature of paraffin vaporization at high temperature, the abrasive particle density of arranging as required can be carried out to cloth, abrasive particle center distance is controlled by the thickness of paraffin layer, there will not be the inhomogeneous phenomenon of arranging, and cloth is even, appearance looks elegant; All can cloth to flat work pieces, surface of revolution workpiece, abnormal-shaped curve workpiece, good to the adaptability of workpiece; In conjunction with apparatus for distributing, can carry out continuously operation in enormous quantities, be suitable for industrialized mass production.
Compound pill described in the utility model is spheroid or approximate spheroid.
In compound pill described in the utility model, the computing formula of abrasive particle and scolder formation complex radius R is:
Wherein, k is the constriction coefficient of solder fusing, the angle of wetting that θ is scolder, and the particle mean size radius that r is abrasive particle, the exposure coefficient that h is abrasive particle, k is solder fusing constriction coefficient.
The computing formula of paraffin layer thickness W described in the utility model is:
W=L/2-R
L is abrasive particle center distance.
Consider that k gets 1.5~4.0, h and gets 1 in the trickling of abrasive particle top scolder.
Compound pill described in the utility model adopts granulating process to be prepared from.
Compound pill described in the utility model is bonded in matrix surface cloth district by binding agent.
Binding agent described in the utility model is that volumetric concentration is 20%~90% dense binding agent.Matrix binder is a kind of pressure sensitive adhesive, also volatilizable in high temperature, and it keeps viscosity in normal temperature, is beneficial to the carrying out of preparation process.Because compound pill is larger, the comparable normal concentration of agglomerant concentration is slightly large.
Solder layer described in the utility model is pre-alloyed powder, and granularity is 30 order~300 orders.
Abrasive particle described in the utility model is diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN), polycrystalline diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, alloy particle, corundum or carborundum.
Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following significant effect:
(1) the utility model spills compound pill at the cloth district of matrix surface cloth, and easy and simple to handle, cloth efficiency improves greatly.
(2) the matching relationship of the utility model scolder and abrasive particle can determine before cloth, artificial affecting is down to minimum, and conformity of production is good.
(3) the utility model utilizes the feature of paraffin vaporization at high temperature, the abrasive particle density of arranging as required can be carried out to cloth, and abrasive particle center distance is controlled by the thickness of paraffin layer, there will not be the inhomogeneous phenomenon of arranging, and cloth is even, appearance looks elegant.
(4) the utility model all can cloth to flat work pieces, surface of revolution workpiece, abnormal-shaped curve workpiece, good to the adaptability of workpiece.
(5) during due to cloth, without artificial or machinery, control cloth and spill, have more advantage efficient, economy.
(6) the utility model can be prepared into the instruments such as braze diamond saw disc, brazed diamond drill bit, braze welding diamond emery wheel, brazing bead rope saw, special-shape diamond instrument, soldering CBN instrument, alloy particle, corundum or carborundum after soldering heating.These super hard abrasive instruments can be applicable to the fields such as processing of stone, metal or nonmetal processing, mining.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the utility model is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the profile of the utility model embodiment 1 compound pill;
Fig. 2 is scolder area Computing Principle schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Molding structure in a kind of one-shot forming Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools of the utility model distributing technique, the distributing technique that need to prepare the conventional braze diamond saw disc of external diameter 105mm, requiring the granularity of abrasive particle is 50/60 order, abrasive particle spacing 1.2mm, molding structure in this distributing technique comprises matrix, at matrix surface cloth, district is provided with compound pill, compound pill is closely arranges, as shown in Figure 1, compound pill is mainly by abrasive particle 1, solder layer 2 and paraffin layer 3 form, the periphery that solder layer is coated on abrasive particle forms complex, paraffin layer is coated on the compound pill that forms spheroid or approximate spheroid on the surface of complex.
Compound pill adopts granulating process to be prepared from, and comprises the following steps:
1. abrasive particle is placed on to one along in the ghost of complex curve rotation;
2. to passing into air-flow in ghost, abrasive particle is blown afloat, in ghost, a side spray is mixed the scolder that contains granulation agent simultaneously, owing to having certain viscosity, abrasive particle absorption scolder also constantly rolls, and through just forming certain solder thickness after a period of time, is wrapped in the peripheral complex that forms of abrasive particle;
3. with mesh screen, filter out the complex of desired particle size;
4. complex is placed on to one along in the ghost of complex curve rotation;
5. to passing into air-flow in ghost, complex is blown afloat, the mixed paraffin that contains granulation agent of a side spray in ghost simultaneously, complex Adsorption Paraffin also constantly rolls, and makes paraffin be wrapped in that complex is peripheral forms compound pill; Compound pill net shape is spheroid or approximate spheroid.
6. prepare completely, the compound pill that filters out desired particle size with mesh screen is standby.
According to the parameters such as distribution density of wear particle size and tool surfaces, determine the consumption of scolder, then abrasive particle and scolder are prepared into one and carry out a cloth success, thereby it is controlled to reach product quality, the object that efficiency significantly improves, is down to artificial affecting minimum.The complex radius R that scolder parcel abrasive particle forms is to be determined by both matching relationship.When preparing complex, the granularity of abrasive particle has determined the thickness of required scolder, i.e. the radius of complex.When calculating, because wear particle size is basically identical, can be similar to spheroid.According to the requirement of brazing property, after solder fusing, to the embedding thickness of abrasive particle, more than 30% can reach instructions for use, due to the trickling of scolder and the impact of the original state of scolder, by embedding thickness after solder fusing 50%, calculate, i.e. h=1 herein.As shown in Figure 2.
Because abrasive particle is spherical, all consistent in all directions, therefore by area-method, calculate.Abrasive particle radius is r, and after soldering, the area S of scolder is:
Consider the constriction coefficient k after scolder soldering, the thickness area of abrasive particle coated outside scolder is kS, has:
Arrange:
Paraffin layer thickness W is determined by the center distance L of abrasive particle.Because dissimilar doctor requires to differ to landforms, therefore need to prepare the instrument landforms of different abrasive particle spacing.In order to obtain different spacing, utilize the vaporization at high temperature characteristic of paraffin to obtain.After L determines, the thickness W of paraffin layer just can be determined by following formula:
W=L/2-R
In the present embodiment, diamond grit 50/60 order in compound pill; Scolder is pre-alloyed powder, specifically adopts Nickel Matrix Solder, and its composition is nickel-chromium-iron-silicon, and percentage composition is: nickel 84%~85%, chromium 4%~5%, iron 6.5%~7.5%, silicon 4%~5%.Scolder granularity is 200 orders.
The computing formula of known complex radius R is:
Wherein, k is the constriction coefficient of solder fusing; θ is the angle of wetting of scolder, and θ gets 40 degree; R is the particle mean size radius of abrasive particle; H is the exposure coefficient of abrasive particle, h=1; K is solder fusing constriction coefficient, and k gets 2.0; Obtaining compound pill radius is 0.206mm, i.e. sphere diameter 0.41mm.
By paraffin layer thickness W computing formula, obtain: paraffin layer thickness is 0.2mm.
The manufacturing process of braze diamond saw disc is as follows:
(1) selecting saw bit matrix material is 65Mn, utilizes diel punching press matrix, and to matrix outer end rounding; Cleaning saw bit matrix surface, guarantees without grease, impurity;
(2) at cutter head place, saw blade outer end, brush the dense binding agent (volumetric concentration is 60%) that width is 0.5mm.Binding agent is pressure sensitive adhesive.
By step (3) cutter head place, the saw blade outer end cloth of gained spill compound pill, compound pill is closely arranged and is bonded in cutter head place, saw blade outer end, obtains molding structure;
(4) clear up molding structure surface, get ready to be welded.
(5) molding structure is put into vacuum furnace brazing.Brazing temperature is selected 1030 degree, is incubated 20 minutes.Obtain braze diamond saw disc.
Embodiment 2
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: prepare the special-shaped curved hand steered emery wheel F20 of copper parent metal soldering.Manufacturing process is as follows:
(1) working special-shaped curved hand steered emery wheel F20 matrix on request.
(2) clear up emery wheel surface, guarantee without grease, impurity.
(3) at emery wheel external rotary surface, evenly brush one deck pressure sensitive adhesive (volumetric concentration is 80%).
By step (3) the emery wheel external rotary surface cloth of gained spill compound pill, compound pill is closely arranged and is bonded on emery wheel external rotary surface, obtains molding structure; In compound pill, diamond grit is 30/35 order, copper parent metal granularity 200 orders, and its composition is copper-Xi-titanium, percentage composition is: copper 60%~65%, tin 20%~27%, titanium 16%~26%.Copper parent metal angle of wetting θ gets 15 degree, and scolder shrinkage ratio k gets 2.5, and by the computing formula of complex radius R and the computing formula of paraffin layer thickness W, obtaining complex radius R is 0.61mm, and paraffin layer thickness is 0.14mm.
(5) clear up molding structure surface, get ready to be welded.
(6) molding structure is put into vacuum furnace brazing.Brazing temperature is 930 degree, temperature retention time 15 minutes.Obtain special-shaped curved hand steered emery wheel F20.
Consider the trickling at abrasive particle top scolder, in the computing formula of complex radius R, k gets 1.5~4.0; Abrasive particle is diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN), polycrystalline diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, alloy particle, corundum or carborundum etc.; Solder layer is pre-alloyed powder, and granularity is 30 order~300 orders; Binding agent is that volumetric concentration is 20%~90% dense binding agent, and the comparable normal concentration of agglomerant concentration is slightly large;
The utility model can be prepared into the sintered carbide toolses such as braze diamond saw disc, brazed diamond drill bit, braze welding diamond emery wheel, brazing bead rope saw, special-shape diamond instrument, soldering CBN instrument, alloy particle after soldering heating.This super hard abrasive instrument can be applicable to the fields such as processing of stone, metal or nonmetal processing, mining.
Embodiment of the present utility model is not limited to this; according to foregoing of the present utility model; utilize ordinary skill knowledge and the customary means of this area; do not departing under the above-mentioned basic fundamental thought of the utility model prerequisite; the utility model can also be made modification, replacement or the change of other various ways, within all dropping on the utility model rights protection scope.