The soldering super hard abrasive hull polishing pad abrasive material technique of arranging
Technical field
The invention belongs to ship hull weld joint, crator and surface scale polishing field, relate to a kind of soldering super hard abrasive hull polishing pad abrasive material new technology of arranging, be applicable to the rust cleaning of argosy surface, go scar, except splashing.In addition, the present invention's stone materials materials such as the nonmetallic materials such as polysilicon, glass and marble, granite that also can be applicable to polish.
Background technology
Shipbuilding industry is the modern comprehensive industry that technical equipment is provided for industries such as water transportation, ocean development and national defense construction, also be work, capital-and technology-intensive enterprise, China's human resources are abundant, have the very long coastline of suitable shipbuilding, developing shipbuilding industry has stronger comparative advantages.Simultaneously, the increasing rapidly of China's Foreign Trade, also for shipping industry provides preferably opportunity to develop, China's shipping industry is expected to one of industry that becomes tool international competitiveness.
The risk that was difficult to expect in 2008 is comed one after another, and U.S.'s financial crisis involves rapidly the whole world, is subjected to U.S.'s financial crisis to affect the winter that China's boats and ships already are faced with the financial storm sternness.In addition, the rise of the prices of raw and semifnished materials such as the lasting run at high level of oil price and iron and steel has then consisted of the main pressure of industry operation.The trend that international industry shifts the huge opportunity of shipbuilding industry be presented in Chinese Enterprise in face of, but in the market competition environment of fierceness, how to evade various risks, seize the opportunity, be the problem of affecting one's fate with enterprise development.
In the shipbuilding flow process, wherein a very crucial job is that the cleaning of surfaces to be welded of whole hull is smooth, clean.Because whole hull mainly is to be welded together through special by high-tensile structural steel, the welding process reaction is violent, can produce weld seam, single solder joint, crator and the solder flux that in welding process, splashes out and splashing a little in a large number that melting point metals forms of various shapes, so weld seam is many, weld seam is long, the close complex contour of solder joint and be difficult to polish and become a difficult point of hull manufacturing.Conventional method is that the polishing worker carries out hand sand with the hand operated grinding wheel machine that resin grinding wheels has been installed at present.But polishing pad easy consumption, the shortcoming such as spark is large, and smell is large, and dust is large because resin grinding wheels is to utilize the principle of resin solidification that the super hard abrasives such as carborundum are consolidated into plate-like to be made, at the bottom of its bond strength, therefore in bruting process, can appear.This is because resin grinding wheels runs into high-intensity weld seam and was subject to large impact in bruting process, cause abrasive material limit broken to come off, and because the abrasive material proud exposure is low, the grinding skin temperature is high, cause resin deliquescing, scorification volatilization, give out poisonous, penetrating odor.In addition, cause the polishing pad sharpness undesirable because the abrasive material exposure is low, grinding efficiency is slower, so that the polishing workload of hull accounts for whole about 1/3rd of the workload of making of boats and ships.
Owing to there is above shortcoming, add shipping industry to the requirement of cost control, need a kind of Novel polishing pad of exploitation replace traditional polishing pad, to reach the purposes such as grinding efficiency height, life-span be long, pollution-free.
The concretion technology of super hard abrasive has three kinds of main combinations such as plating, sintering, soldering at present.By above three kinds of combinations are compared discovery, at the bottom of sintering technology and the electroplating technology abrasive material proud exposure, it is low that carcass is controlled intensity to abrasive material, and sharpness is undesirable, and the chip removal weak effect has proved the requirement that is difficult to competent polishing high strength weld seam.And soldering tech is to utilize solder fusing that super hard abrasive and matrix are welded together, and scolder before abrasive material chemical metallurgy has occured is combined, and the abrasive material weld strength is high, so the abrasive material exposure is high, and grinding is sharp, is comparatively desirable a kind of technology of making polishing welding seams.Compare other super hard abrasive, diamond is the hardest present material; Abrasiveness is good; Specific heat is little and thermal conductivity is large, the easily heat radiation that therefore easily heats up also, and also diamond is the comparatively desirable material of polishing metal.Than the conventional resins grinding wheel, brazed diamond tool not be owing in use substantially the abrasive material obscission can occur, and without resin fusing volatilization, and because of in use procedure safety, the generation that has no irritating odor has more the characteristics of environmental protection.This idea of development with at present low-carbon (LC), environmental protection is consistent.
At present, utilize soldering tech, super hard abrasive is welded on the steel matrix the existing certain applications of preparation Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools in actual production, such as the rich lattice plate emery wheel of high ferro, brazed diamond drill bit etc.But the diamond tool for specialty polishing ship hull weld joint not yet has relevant report and patent to occur at present.Existing braze welding diamond milling tools kind is few, and multiplex in the polishing stone material, the manufacture craft of instrument, and matrix profile and grinding apparatus all have more different, can't be applied in the hull polishing.
And at present conventional soldering mill mostly is diamond in the unordered some of arranging in grinding disc substrate surface, then is made through high temperature brazing.Its mill surface abrasive material is arranged because process technology limit, be difficult to accomplish evenly to arrange, and the actual pattern of with good grounds mill does not carry out landforms optimization, namely wasted abrasive consumption, restrict again grinding efficiency and the life-span of mill, caused the soldering mill still not obtain using in iron and steel polishing field at present revolutionaryly.
The abrasive material alignment technology is existing certain applications in sintering, soldering, electroplated product, the porose template of the technology that is applied to produce, vacuum suction method and bunch shape method of arranging.Wherein the hole template of invention is that the casement plate that utilizes special material to make comes orderly distribution abrasive material take the Chinese emery wheel Song Jianmin doctor of company (U.S.Patent6039641) in China Taiwan as representative, its principle is to have the sequence aperture at substrate, every pore volume is received a diamond, and the abrasive material that then utilizes related process that sequence is arranged adheres to matrix surface.The method is multiplex in the preparation sintered diamond tool, such as saw blade tip, can only be used at present plane and a small amount of simple geometry profile.In the Chengdu bold and unconstrained superhard material Co., Ltd (200820061656.4) as the vacuum suction method of representative invention be to utilize the principle that vacuumizes to allow one to be with foraminate template to have absorption affinity ADSORPTION OF GOLD hard rock, then place matrix surface, this kind mode and hole template are similar, can only prepare some comparatively simple geometric surfaces, and above-mentioned two kinds of methods accomplish not yet at present to come orderly distribution abrasive material according to the workpiece serviceability.The third bunch shape method of arranging refers to utilize the template of certain geometric shape, and diamond abrasive is distributed in the space of this template, spreads template after cloth is good and gets final product.This kind mode is more common in the electroplated diamond product, because template construct is comparatively simple, in electroplated product, be widely used, but this kind method only can accomplish that macroshape is orderly, and the diamond abrasive in each space is arranged and is remained unordered, can't accomplish ordered arrangement, be difficult to effectively bring into play the advantage of diamond abrasive.
Summary of the invention
For above problem, the invention provides a kind of soldering super hard abrasive hull polishing pad abrasive material technique of arranging.Its cardinal principle is the specific requirement according to the hull polishing, to polish with the hand operated grinding wheel machine as supporting, in conjunction with soldering processes optimization calculating abrasive material the arranging on the polishing pad surface of Study on Brazed Superabrasive Tools.By the optimal design of above parameter, draw the abrasive material selection that the soldering super hard abrasive polishing pad abrasive material that is suitable for the hull polishing is most arranged and mated.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of soldering super hard abrasive hull polishing pad abrasive material technique of arranging comprises polishing pad outer end edges cloth, polishing pad inclined-plane cloth and polishing pad top plane cl oth, it is characterized in that:
The abrasive grain of described polishing pad outer end edges cloth is 16~80 orders, and the horizontal spacing of adjacent two abrasive particles is 1.6d~4.5d, the longitudinal pitch 1.5d of adjacent two abrasive particles ~ 5.5d, and wherein d is the maximum particle diameter of abrasive material;
The abrasive grain of described polishing pad inclined-plane cloth is 25~100 orders, along mill radially adjoining phase abrasive particle spacing range 1.5d~4d, the spacing range 1.5d~6d of the two row abrasive particles that radially distribute;
The abrasive material of described polishing pad top plane cl oth is a bunch shape abrasive material, and single bunch of shape abrasive material is by 1~115 abrasive particle solid matter, and the granularity of abrasive particle is 35~140 orders, bunch shape areal extent 3mm
2~15mm
2
Described polishing pad external diameter scope is at 60mm~250mm, matrix thickness 0.1mm~5mm.
The abrasive particle of described polishing pad outer end edges is high-grade drilling abrasive material, and adjacent two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 2.5d, adjacent two abrasive particle longitudinal pitch 3d, and the granularity of abrasive particle is 30 orders~40 orders.
The abrasive material of polishing pad inclined-plane cloth is high-grade grinding abrasive material, and the granularity of abrasive material is 35 orders~50 orders.
The geometric shape of described polishing pad top bundle of planes shape abrasive material is circle, triangle, rectangle or regular polygon.
The track that each bar that transverse plane is arranged on the described polishing pad bunch shape abrasive material forms: be straight line, circular arc, involute or parabolic path, the spacing range 3mm ~ 25mm between two adjacent two trajectories.
Described polishing pad: the abrasive material of arranging in the plane, top is the grinding abrasive material of medium grade, and the granularity of abrasive material is 50 orders~80 orders.
By above creativeness invention design, draw best abrasive material landforms effect of optimization, and can utilize soldering sintered carbide tools technology, by abrasive material abrasive material arrangement method, abrasive material is welded on the designed Novel grinding disc matrix, just can prepares the Novel polishing pad that is applied to the hull polishing.The designed landforms optimization of the present invention is creatively arranged single the grinding material sequential arraying mode in plane and is combined with a bunch shape abrasive material, solved traditional bistrique arrangement method and be difficult to carry out the difficult problem that landforms are optimized according to operating mode, operation parameter, and realized that regional grinding material sequential distributes.In addition, used abrasive material can be accomplished according to requirements respectively cloth among the present invention, makes the use of abrasive material more reasonable, has more economy.
Polishing pad of the present invention has the grinding efficiency height, feel is light, shake little, odorlessness, the life-span is long, the characteristics such as good looking appearance, comparatively ideally substituted traditional resin grinding wheels, be the direction of hull polishing pad development in the shipping industry, and also can be applicable to preferably other nonmetal fields such as pottery, stone material, polysilicon, have very large market potential.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 soldering hull polishing pad basal body structure;
Fig. 2 soldering hull polishing pad outer end edges abrasive material landforms are optimized;
The spacing of Fig. 3 abrasive particle minimum unit;
Fig. 4 soldering hull polishing pad surface abrasive material landforms are optimized;
Fig. 5 external diameter 100 braze welding diamond polishing pad cloth schemes;
Fig. 6 external diameter 125 braze welding diamond multifunctional polishing dish cloth schemes.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is elaborated:
The hull polishing pad is to be installed on the hand operated grinding wheel machine, and its profile is disc, and the center is porose, is positioned on the emery wheel fixing by this hole.The disk end face is furnished with the abrasive material of necessarily arranging, and fixes by the scolder soldering.The bottom is a concave surface, is used for chip removal and is positioned abrasive machine.Polishing pad matrix profile as shown in Figure 1.The polishing pad matrix is disc, and the disk top is not a plane, an inclined-plane is arranged, about the about 5mm of width at its edge.The width on plane, grinding disc substrate top determines according to the mill entire outer diameter, plane width should account for the mill radius 1/3 ~ 1/2 between.Grinding disc substrate outer end rounding.Fillet size and matrix thickness coupling.The polishing pad size range that the present invention was suitable for is: external diameter 60mm~250mm, matrix thickness 0.1mm~5.0mm.
(1) the mill outer end abrasive material landforms optimization of arranging
Polishing pad in use, push ahead on polishing pad outer end edges high speed rotating limit, therefore in the stressed maximum of polishing pad outermost end, then require the abrasive material soldering strength higher, institute's load of bearing is larger, and the motion of mill outer end can be regarded as while the motion of cutting grinding, therefore, in order to reduce the outer end load, the density of mill outer end abrasive material should be many as much as possible in the situation that guarantees the chip removal space, therefore mill outer end cloth can accomplish that solid matter is orderly, as shown in Figure 2.
According to load and mill gripper path analysis, abrasive material is selected coarsegrain, high-grade drilling abrasive material herein.Abrasive grain scope 16 orders~80 orders are selected 30 orders~40 order granularities by assay optimization.
Abrasive particle solid matter parameter designing is as follows: when abrasive particle is arranged, can regard close four abrasive particles as a unit, as shown in Figure 3, and diagonal L 1, L2 can see horizontal spacing and the longitudinal pitch of abrasive particle.If the maximum particle diameter of abrasive material is d, then adjacent two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 1.6d~4.5d, optimize and select 2.5d, and longitudinal pitch 1.5d ~ 5.5d optimizes and selects 3d.
(2) the polishing pad inclined-plane abrasive material landforms optimization of arranging
Because to bear load less than outer end edges, but still the effect of need to get up grinding, chip removal is that grinding efficiency is high to the requirement on this inclined-plane on the mill inclined-plane, and the grinding life-span is long, excellent in heat dissipation effect, and chip removal is effective.Because the mill high speed rotary, the highest for guaranteeing vibration minimum and grinding efficiency, the abrasive particle quantity that then synchronization participates in grinding on gyratory directions unanimously can guarantee the stationarity of grinding.In order to realize above-mentioned requirements, adopt the method for ordered arrangement abrasive material, abrasive particle is totally radially arranged along mill, along mill radially adjoining phase abrasive particle spacing range 1.5d~4d, the spacing range 1.5d~6d of the two row abrasive particles that radially distribute.
According to load and mill gripper path analysis, abrasive material is selected medium size, high-grade grinding abrasive material herein.Abrasive grain scope 25 orders~100 orders are selected 35 orders~50 order granularities by assay optimization.
(3) plane, the polishing pad top abrasive material landforms optimization of arranging
Plane, the top landforms principle of optimality is to carry out the creatively drawn optimum of landforms optimization according to conditions of work such as the bead contour of hull polishing requirement and polishing, abrasive machine rotating speeds.Owing to be actually the motion that cutting, grinding unite two into one in the motion of hull polishing pad, the surface of polishing still has the requirement of certain precision, therefore after cutting mill on mill outer end and inclined-plane, the effect on plane is chip removal, further grinding, polishing grinding surface, therefore in order to improve polishing precision and chip removal effect, polishing pad top abrasive material is arranged situation as shown in Figure 3.
Plane, top place is according to the turbine-like bunch shape abrasive material of arranging, other position abrasive material of not arranging.The geometric shape of single bunch of shape can be circular, triangle, rectangle, shape and other complex geometry profiles such as regular polygon.Single bunch of shape abrasive material solid matter, 1~115 of abrasive particle number range, bunch shape areal extent 3mm
2~15mm
2
The track L3 that each bar bunch shape abrasive material forms can be the tracks such as straight line, circular arc, involute, parabola.Spacing range 3mm ~ 25mm between two adjacent two trajectories.
According to load and mill gripper path analysis, abrasive material is selected medium grade, the thinner grinding abrasive material of granularity herein.Abrasive grain scope 35 orders~140 orders are selected 50 orders~80 order granularities by assay optimization.
The grade classification identical with JB/GQF6010-86 (diamond, cubic boron nitride product quality grading standard) of the abrasive material that the present invention relates to
Embodiment one
A kind of novel its grinding material sequential arraying conceptual design of hull weld grinding dish is as follows:
Take the braze welding diamond hull polishing pad of external diameter 100mm as example, as shown in Figure 5, its ordered arrangement scheme is:
1. the mill outer end edges is selected diamond abrasive, granularity 30~35 orders, and adjacent two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 1.2mm, longitudinal pitch 1.5mm.
2. diamond abrasive is selected on inclined-plane, mill upper end, granularity 35~40 orders, and radially two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 1.0mm, the two row abrasive particle spacing 1.8mm that radially distribute.
3. plane, mill upper end abrasive material is arranged by a circular bunch shape, bunch shape diameter 3mm, and arrange 10~15 in 50~60 order diamonds of each bunch shape district, trajectory is the circular arc of radius 115, all arranges 17
The braze welding diamond hull polishing pad that the method is produced has the grinding efficiency height, and feel is light, shake little, odorlessness, the life-span is long, the characteristics such as good looking appearance, and select the abrasive material of different grades according to actual conditions, optimized cost, have more economy, comparatively ideally substituted traditional resin grinding wheels, be the direction of hull polishing pad development in the shipping industry, and also can be applicable to preferably other nonmetal fields such as pottery, stone material, polysilicon, have very large market potential.
Embodiment two
A kind of iron and steel class that can be applicable to is polished, and the mill abrasive material arrangement design that can be applicable to again the nonmetal polishings such as stone material, polysilicon is as follows:
Take the braze welding diamond polishing pad of external diameter 125mm as example, as shown in Figure 6, its ordered arrangement scheme is:
1. the mill outer end edges is selected diamond abrasive, granularity 35~40 orders, and adjacent two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 1.5mm, longitudinal pitch 1.5mm.
2. diamond abrasive is selected on inclined-plane, mill upper end, granularity 45~50 orders, and radially two abrasive particle horizontal spacings are 1.5mm, the two row abrasive particle spacing 2.0mm that radially distribute.
3. plane, mill upper end abrasive material is arranged bunch shape area 4.5mm by an equilateral triangle bunch shape
2, arrange 20~25 in 60~70 order diamonds of each bunch shape district, trajectory is straight line, uniform 30 along the mill center annular.
The multi-functional braze welding diamond hull polishing pad that the method is produced not only goes for the metal polishings such as iron and steel, and also can be applicable to preferably other nonmetal fields such as pottery, stone material, polysilicon, has very large market potential.