CN1028935C - 具有单极单元的多极断路器 - Google Patents

具有单极单元的多极断路器 Download PDF

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CN1028935C
CN1028935C CN92111529A CN92111529A CN1028935C CN 1028935 C CN1028935 C CN 1028935C CN 92111529 A CN92111529 A CN 92111529A CN 92111529 A CN92111529 A CN 92111529A CN 1028935 C CN1028935 C CN 1028935C
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CN1071785A (zh
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菲利普·皮埃尔
让·皮埃尔·内罗
罗伯特·莫雷尔
让·皮埃尔·内邦
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10Operating or release mechanisms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00Contacts
    • H01H1/12Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2041Rotating bridge
    • H01H1/2058Rotating bridge being assembled in a cassette, which can be placed as a complete unit into a circuit breaker
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1009Interconnected mechanisms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02Details
    • H01H73/04Contacts
    • H01H73/045Bridging contacts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1009Interconnected mechanisms
    • H01H2071/1036Interconnected mechanisms having provisions for four or more poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02Details
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/342Venting arrangements for arc chutes

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  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种低压多极断路器,具有两个壳体,每一极包括一个单极断路单元,触头及灭弧腔设置在所述单元中,多个单元安装在箱体中组成多极断路器,其中,动触头排成可回转的桥形触头,与静触头配合,桥形触头由杆状块支承,各单元的杆状块用二个平行连杆固定,其利用二个臂与曲柄相连,一操作机构固定在一单元上部,它有二个金属凸缘支承着曲柄的轴承,底部连杆驱动曲柄。

Description

本发明涉及一种低压的带有两个壳体的多极电路断路器,断路器的每一个极包括一个单极的断路单元和若干个触头,单极断路单元具有一个用模压塑料制成的平行六面体形的盒,该盒有两个大的侧表面,触头具有一个灭火腔装于所述的断路单元中,几个这样单元紧挨着安放在一个模压的盒中而形成多极断路器。
上述的这种断路器的每一个极由一个外壳构成一个单独的单元,例如一个用模压塑料制成的,包含有若干个触头和灭弧腔的盒子形成一个单元。这种模块式系统的优点是众所周知的,特别是它能降低制造和装配成本。然而,这类系统的确也有一些制约因素,例如不同的模块如何相应的配置,其中包括不同的单极单元的可动部件之间的连接问题。现代的断路器有一贯穿所有各单极单元的回转轴,用以在同步转动中驱动这些单元的可动触头。这根回转轴的存在为配置和断路器的结构带来一些限制条件。
本发明的目的是开发一种模块式的多极断路器,它在各单极单元之间具有机械连接,并同时使用桥形触头。
根据本发明作成的断路器的特点在于其动触头排列成可回转的 桥形触头形式,它与两个相对放置的静触头配合,桥形触头由一可转动的杆形块支承,杆形块从所述盒子的中心横向伸出,并插入到盒子的两个大侧表面之间,同时由此两表面纵向导向,这样可作平行于此两个大表面的有限的移动,不同的并列单元的这些杆形块用两个平行的连接杆机械固定,平行连接杆垂直于所述的大表面,并且以很小的间隙贯穿直径方向相对配置的、排列在相邻各杆形块上的孔,两根连接杆用两个直径方向相对配置的臂与曲柄相耦联,操纵机构固定在其中一个单元的上部,它有两个支承所述曲柄轴承的金属凸缘和一个驱动所述曲柄的底部连杆。
每一个单极单元组成一个断路组件,它放置在一个盒子形状的绝缘壳体中,这些单元再成组地放入到由多极断路器的箱体组成的第二个壳体中。每一个单极单元的桥形触头浮动地安装在杆形块上,不同杆之间的刚性机械连接由两个连接杆实现,连接杆垂直于上述杆,并且相对于杆的回转轴偏心,
杆形块在轴向被位于箱体每一侧的两个大表面定位,但它在其它方向上可以自由运动,这样可补偿制造和安放的不规则。两个直径方向相对配置的连杆牢固地固定着与之毗邻的杆形块,杆形块中心部是空的,以便桥形触头通过。盒子的大表面具有圆弧状的孔,以使连杆从一定间隙通过,另有其他一些孔在腔的后面,用于使断路产生的气体流出。
根据本发明的情况,断路器的操纵机构与某一单极单元,最好是 中心单元联系,并且放置在盒子的上表面上,不超过盒子的宽度极限。在这种情况下,这种形式的机构可用于所有的单极或多极断路器,这样就使得这种断路器的制造可以容易地进行。操纵机构是具有手柄的形式,最常见的是借助具有两个直径方向相对配置的臂的曲柄转动而转动和操纵一个肘节。每一个曲柄臂都有一个所述的连杆与它相连以驱动杆状块作回转运动。
机械包括有两个侧面凸缘,每一个凸缘支承着一个曲柄轴承,同时这些侧面凸缘又是有关单极单元的固定件,例如,通过调整杆来固定,这些调整杆连接着不同的单极单元和隔板。两个相邻单元之间的隔板保证了同类断路器之间的模式化,即单极断路器与多极断路器之间的模式化,其所采用的方法在题为“一模壳式低压断路器”的美国专利申请中有详细的阐述。隔板面对着每个盒子大侧表面上的曲线孔,在杆的轴中心处有二个曲线小孔,用于使两根连杆通过。
可以看出,杆状块是通过牢固固定在曲柄上的连杆相对于操纵机构定位的。而盒子则是利用调整杆定位的。制造的缺陷借助杆状块与盒子之间的微小间隙补偿。杆状块一般为圆柱形并由绝缘材料制成,在其一端有小孔,桥形触头可穿过它,在另一端有两个彼此错开一个角度的孔,它们垂直于上述的通道小孔,连杆没有间隙,与桥形触头电气绝缘。连杆以一定的间隙穿过大侧表面上的曲线孔,只是部分地将孔堵塞。为了使盒子中心部分比较紧密,以便于使电弧移送到灭火腔,曲线小孔被面向大表面的杆状块的底部覆盖。将一个软 盘插入底面和大表面之间可以改善紧密性,软盘牢固地固定在连杆上,连杆穿过盘,不留间隙。当内部压力过大时,软盘被压向大侧表面,将曲线小孔密封住。
在断路器合闸的位置上,不用模块单元的桥形触头排列在与箱体背板平行的平面上,并且每一个桥形触头一方面与位于该平面之上的静触头配合,另一方面,在相对的一侧与位于该平面之下的静触头配合。每一个静触头均与端子板连接,与位于该平面之下的静触头相连的端子板靠近盒子的前表面,而与其他静触头连接的端子板则靠近盒子的背板。这种布局使单极单元具有一定对称性,并使跳闸机构容易连接,跳闸机构可以放在断路器箱体中,或附在断路器箱体的小侧表面上。跳闸机构对不同的单极单元是公用的,但亦可以做成模块化系统,每个系统与其中一个单极单元相连。跳闸机构放在单极单元前表面上的端子板一侧。
系统的模块化可以仅使用有限数量的组件来获得大规模的断路器,系统非常简单,同时双壳体和双重断路使其性能更优越。
从下面对本发明的一个具体实施例的说明可以更清楚地了解到其他的优点和特点,本实施例仅作为一个不受限制的例子,并用相应的附图来代表,其中:
图1为根据本发明的断路器的一个分解透视图;
图2为根据图1作的断路器的一个单极单元及有关操纵机构的放大透视图;
图3为一单极单元的横截面图;
图4为表示密封阀的杆状块部分纵向截面图。
图中模压箱体的断路器10包括有四个单极单元11,其形状基本上为平行六面体,它们彼此紧挨着放在箱体10中。每个单极单元有一个模压塑料制成的盒子12,它有一个底板13,前表面14,两个平行的大侧面15、16和两个平行的小侧面17、18。在盒子12内放有一个桥形触头19,它由杆状块20支承,杆状块20垂直于大侧表面15,16延伸。桥形动触头19其一端与静触头22配合,另一相对端与静触头23配合,每一对触头19,22和19,23都有一个带电离作用平板的灭弧腔24与之对应。桥形动触头19利用两个相对配置的弹簧活动地安装在杆状块20上,其安装方式详见美国No.4910485。桥形动触头18的回转轴大约位于盒子12的中心,在合闸位置时,桥形触头19延伸于大致与盒子12的背板13平行的中间平面内。静触头22位于这个中间平面之上,并与端子板25连接,端子板靠近盒子12的前面14。另一个相对放置的触头23对称地位于这个中间平面之下,并与端子板26连接,端子板26靠近盒子12的背板13。
单极单元11是一个独立的部件,它构成断路器的一个极,几个单极单元的组合就形成了多极断路器。各单极单元利用其大侧表面15,16相互连接,由隔板27在相邻的单元之间形成一配合间隙。不同的单极单元11的杆状块20用两个连杆28机械地连接一起,该连杆平行于回转轴21延伸并穿过在杆状块20上的孔29,不留任何间 隙。各连杆28相对回转轴21偏心,大的侧表面15、16和隔板27上有曲线形的长孔30,连杆28以一定间隙穿过该孔,这样它可以运动,以便与杆状块20的回转运动相适应。
杆状块20为用绝缘材料制的圆柱形短棒,它纵向由两个大表面15,16支承,具有微小间隙,但在其他方向可以稍微运动以补偿制造或安装的不规则性。桥形触头19为杆状,它穿过按其直径设在杆状块20上的孔33,这个孔33相对于与桥形接头19垂直的连杆29的通道孔29错开一个角度。
在某一个中间单极单元11的前面14上固定着一个标准形式的机构32,它有操纵手柄31和一个肘节。机构32的外侧有两个金属凸缘34,它们互相平行延伸,并隔开一个相应于单极单元11的宽度的距离。这些凸缘34在其底部35上,利用调整杆37固定在单极单元11上,调整杆37垂直于大表面15,16延伸,并穿过凸缘34和盖子12上的相应调整孔38,39。每一个凸缘34支承着曲柄42的一个轴承40,曲柄42有轴41,它由机构33操纵,可作交替的有限回转,以相应地进行断路器的接通和断开。每一个曲柄42有二个相对放置的臂43,每一个臂有一个连杆28穿过,不留任何间隙。曲柄42的回转通过在曲线孔30中运动的二根杆28传递给不同的杆状块20,使接头19,22,23断开和接通。
机构32公用于所有的单极单元11,这个机构安装在箱体10上,只有手柄31可从外面接触到,用以操纵该断路器,连杆28形成了 各杆状块20之间的刚性连接,杆状块20则由两个凸缘34上的轴承40活动连接。安装或制造的缺陷不会影响桥形触头19的运动,它由杆状块20导向,杆状块20则以一定的间隙安装在盒子12内。整套模压箱体的断路器可由标准的单极单元11、盒子12和箱体10构成的双层壳体以及浮动的桥形触头19组成,它可保证断路器的优越性能。
该断路器有一个跳闸装置(没示出),它可放在箱体10内或和箱体的外侧小平面相连。跳闸装置为电子或电气机械式的,它对所用的单极单元11公用,在灭弧腔24的后部有孔44,可使断路时产生的气体流到盒子12外面去,在盒子12上还有供连杆28穿过的曲线形孔30。盒子12紧密性的略微松动可在其中心部分察知,这可加强断路效果,电弧可被吹向灭弧腔24。由图4可看出,杆状块20的前端45与大表面15,16的内表面之间的微小间隙可以改善这种紧密性。根据本发明的进一步发展,在杆状块20与面对曲线孔30的大表面15,16之间插入一个柔性盘46。该盘46的作用像一个阀,当内部压力过大时,它被压向表面15,16将孔30密封。连杆28以微小的间隙穿过盘46上的孔,盘46与这些杆一起运动。其他一些密封方法,例如使用滑动阀门也是可以设想的。
本发明当然绝不仅限于这里特别说明的实施例。

Claims (10)

1、一种低压多极断路器,具有两个壳体,每一个极包括一个单极断路单元(11),它具有由模压塑料制成的带两个大的侧表面(15,16)的平行六面体盒子(12),还包括触头(19,22,23),各触头与灭弧腔(24)配套安放在所述单元(11)中,多个单元(11)互相紧挨着安装在模压箱体(10)中组成多极断路器,其特征是,动触头排列成要回转的桥形触头(19),它与两个相对配置的静触头(22,23)配合,桥形触头(19)由可回转的杆状块(20)支承,该杆形块在插入其间的所述盒子(12)的中心横向伸出,同时纵向由盒子(12)的两个大侧表面(15,16)导向,这样即可作平行于这些大表面(15,16)的有限移动,不同的并列单元(11)的各杆状块(20)用二个平行的连杆(28)机械地固定,连杆(28)垂直于所述大表面(15,16)延伸,并以微小的间隙穿过在相邻杆状块(20)上的、沿直径方向相对配置的孔(29),二个连杆(28)利用二个在直径方向相对配置的臂(43)与曲柄(42)相耦连,以及一个操作机构(32)固定在一个单元(11)的上部(14),它有二个金属凸缘(34),支承着所述曲柄(42)的轴承(40),并有一个底部连杆驱动所述曲柄。
2、根据权利要求1的断路器,其特征在于,所述机构(32)纵向被所述两个平行的凸缘(34)限制,它们之间的距离大致相应于单极单元(11)的所述大表面(15,16)之间的距离。
3、根据权利要求1或2的断路器,其特征在于,所述二个大的侧表面(15,16)每一个都有二个曲线形孔(30),以便二根连杆(28)能以一定间隙通过和运动。
4、根据权利要求3的断路器,其特征在于,杆状块(20)的前表面(45)与相应的大侧表面(15,16)相对,它以微小的间隙覆盖着曲线形孔(30),限制气体只通过这些孔泄漏到盒子(12)的外面去,使盒子的中心部分成为不泄漏。
5、根据权利要求4的断路器,其特征在于,在所述前面(45)和大侧表面(15,16)之间插入一个柔性盘(46),它牢固地固定到所述杆(28)上并能转动,并且它覆盖着所述孔,当盒子内的压力过大时,象阀一样,将这些孔密封。
6、根据权利要求1的断路器,其特征在于,隔板(27)插在相邻的单极单元(11)之间,所有单极单元(11)和隔板(27)用调整杆(37)连接,隔板包括有供连杆(28)通过的曲线孔(30)。
7、根据权利要求6的断路器,其特征在于,调整杆(37)穿过在机构(32)的凸缘(34)上的孔(38),不留任何间隙。
8、根据权利要求1的断路器,其特征在于,机构(32)有一个手动操纵手柄(31),机构安放在所述箱体(10)内,箱体有一个供手柄穿过的孔。
9、根据权利要求1的断路器,其特征在于,所述杆状块(20)是由绝缘材料制成,它有一个窗口(33)供桥形触头(19)通过,它按照所述杆状块(20)的直径浮动安装,并且和供二个连杆(28)穿过的孔(29)相对所述直径错开一个角度。
10、根据权利要求1的断路器,其特征在于,曲柄(12)配置在盒子(12)的第一侧面上,同时连杆(28)穿过所有的杆状块(20)和曲柄(42)。
CN92111529A 1991-10-15 1992-10-14 具有单极单元的多极断路器 Expired - Lifetime CN1028935C (zh)

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FR9112793A FR2682531B1 (fr) 1991-10-15 1991-10-15 Disjoncteur multipolaire a blocs unipolaires.
FR9112793 1991-10-15

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MX9205923A (es) 1993-04-01
US5281776A (en) 1994-01-25
MY107991A (en) 1996-07-15
ATE137058T1 (de) 1996-05-15
JPH0628964A (ja) 1994-02-04
AU659219B2 (en) 1995-05-11
EP0542636A1 (fr) 1993-05-19
FR2682531B1 (fr) 1993-11-26
BR9203982A (pt) 1993-04-27
DE69209972D1 (de) 1996-05-23
AU2639792A (en) 1993-04-22
FR2682531A1 (fr) 1993-04-16
CN1071785A (zh) 1993-05-05
ES2087493T3 (es) 1996-07-16
ZA927903B (en) 1993-04-21
KR100299551B1 (ko) 2001-10-22
KR930008897A (ko) 1993-05-22
TW214013B (zh) 1993-10-01
EP0542636B1 (fr) 1996-04-17
DE69209972T2 (de) 1996-10-31
CA2080063C (en) 2002-12-10
JP3392442B2 (ja) 2003-03-31
CA2080063A1 (en) 1993-04-16

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