CN102874760B - Potassium superoxide air regenerating device for emergent risk avoiding under coal mines - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a potassium superoxide air regenerating device for emergent risk avoiding under coal mines, which comprises a device main body, wherein the device main body adopts a hollow cavity structure; the device main body comprises an air inlet area, a reaction area and an air discharge area from the bottom up sequentially; a lower air permeable diaphragm is arranged between the air inlet area and the reaction area; the reaction area is divided into an upper cavity, a middle cavity and a lower cavity; middle air permeable diaphragms are arranged between the three cavities; and each of the upper cavity, the middle cavity and the lower cavity is provided with a potassium superoxide reactor inside. The potassium superoxide air regenerating device is perfect and reasonable in structure, convenient in use and easy to maintain; the device requires no power when working; no substance harmful to human and the environment is generated during the working process and after the reaction is terminated; and while CO2 is eliminated, harmful gases such as CH4, CO, H2S, SO2, NOX and the like are absorbed and cleansed. The potassium superoxide air regenerating device provided by the invention is controllable and can be used for continuously supplying oxygen to airtight space.

Description

For the potassium superoxide air regenerating device of urgent danger prevention under coal mine

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of air regenerating device, especially relate to a kind of potassium superoxide air regenerating device for urgent danger prevention under coal mine.

Background technology

Coal mine downhole safety hedging " six large systems " comprises Inspection and monitoring system, Mine Personnel Positioning System, underground emergency avoiding system, mine compressed air self-help system, underground mine water supply sue and labour system and [underground contacted system.Wherein, emergent danger avoiding system under shaft of coal mine is the major tasks during safe " six large systems " is built.Emergent danger avoiding system under shaft of coal mine refers under coal mine and to occur in emergency circumstances, for distress personnel hedging provides facility, the equipment of life support, the organic whole of measure composition.Over the past two years, national coal mining enterprise, according to the requirement of " State Council is about the notice of further reinforcement enterprise safety operation work " (No. (2010) 23, promulgated by the State Council), carried forward vigorously downhole safety hedging " six large systems " building-up work.

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, it is basic colliery new type of safe protection system that China proposes first taking emergency-sheltering space, form rescue network by arranging that in down-hole life-saving capsule, sanctuary are combined with the each system of mine, in coal mining accident, for stranded operating personnel provides emergency-sheltering space, reduce coal mining accident mortality ratio.

National security supervision general bureau, national colliery Work Safety Supervision Bureau are respectively on January 25th, 2011 and March 21, combine the regulation that has issued " emergent danger avoiding system under shaft of coal mine implementation management temporary provisions " and " coal mine downhole safety hedging " six large systems " construction is improved fundamental norms (trying) ", require that " refuge chamber is taked in coal and gas outburst mine construction; when projecting coal bed Denver Nuggets tunnel length and coal-face strike length exceed 500 meters, must build refuge chamber or life-saving capsule is set apart within the scope of 500 meters of working faces.Other mine beyond coal and Gas Outburst, from getting working face walking, can not remove safely in all specified guard times that can provide at self-rescuer and arrive ground, must within the scope of 1000 meters of getting working faces, build refuge chamber or life-saving capsule is set ".In by the end of June, 2012 before, all coal and gas outburst mines, high gas in central enterprise and State owned coal mine, exploit the mine in easy spontaneous combustion coal seam, complete the construction Perfect the work of urgent danger prevention system; In by the end of June, 2013 before, other all collieries complete the construction Perfect the work of urgent danger prevention system.

Investigation according to countries in the world to mine accident, there is the dead miner that comes to harm of on-the-spot moment in the accident such as fire, blast and only account for the little part of death from accidental injuries total number of persons, most miners be all because after fire, blast gug or flee from high density toxic and harmful scene in time, cause suffocating or being poisoned to death.How after mine disaster occurs for down-hole trapped survival personnel provide the enclosed space of hiding toxic gas environment and other injury, for it provides necessary life condition, extend its survival time, until rescue personnel arrives, become an important topic of mine rescue.

This in the time that disaster accident occurs in down-hole, for providing the enclosed space of life support, the distress personnel that cannot withdraw is in time called as underground emergency danger-avoiding facility.This facility externally can be resisted high-temperature flue gas, and isolation toxic and harmful, internally provides oxygen, food, water, removes toxic and harmful, creates existence primary condition, for emergency management and rescue create conditions, gain time.

1, the present situation of domestic and international urgent danger prevention system Construction

1.1 producing coal developed country urgent danger prevention system Construction present situations

External general provision, under coal mine, the type of avoiding system is independently selected according to the feature of self by coal mining enterprise, to meet coal mine down-hole personnel hedging needs as principle.

Canada occurs after dead 39 people's fire from nineteen twenty-eight Hollinger ore deposit, just occur by the elementary refuge chamber (Abandoned Tunnel sealing of face shield oxygen supply, adopt mine compressed air system that breathe air is provided), there is no at first carbon dioxide absorption system, in closed adit, reach 25% less than 10 hours gas concentration lwevels, cause personnel death.There is afterwards the obnoxious flavour such as carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas treatment system, urgent danger prevention system expanding is to communication system, interior food, drinking-water and the oxygen system of refuge chamber (life-saving capsule) on life-saving capsule, self-rescuer, straight-through ground, and Canada carries out by legislation formal compulsion mine.This set of theory Results, Canadian Saskatchewan sylvite ore presence of fire on January 29th, 2006 accident, 72 of down-holes miner escapes into down-hole " station of taking refuge ", after stranded 36 hours, is all rescued, and sanctuary plays a significant role.At present, Canadian coal mine underground refuge chamber and movable life-escaping capsule outfit ratio are about 1:5, and the movable life-escaping capsule of use is taking hardware as main.

There is the simple and easy sanctuary that pressure ventilation pipe is introduced to blind lane form in South Africa 20 century 70s.Urgent danger prevention is studied mainly for the accident such as mine explosion, fire, in apart from working face certain distance, build sanctuary, be furnished with ventilation installation, emergency number, self-rescuer for subsequent use and tap water, miner is under the guide of indicator for life saving, in asking time effectively working at portable self-rescuer, evacuate to nearest safe haven, wait rescue.South Africa requires bargh build safe sanctuary and include Lash-up succor system in by legislation, and oneself is maturation and effective safety features in the emergency management and rescue of mine, South Africa for down-hole refuge institute.2003 and successively generation power failure of the especially big gold mine in two, South Africa in 2005 and fire failure, a down-hole had people more than 3400 at that time, only dead 9 people, ambulance corps rescues 280 people in each sanctuary of down-hole; Another mine returns behind ground 2600 people, finds that 52 people are missing, finds two days later at down-hole refuge, all safe and sound.Australia was used movable life-escaping capsule always from 2000, also adopt " self-rescuer+relay station " danger-avoiding facility.

The early stage hedging theory of the U.S. starts from refuge chamber research, utilizes cement block to build the divider wall of taking refuge in down-hole, or helps suspension isolation barrier formation isolation sky at back and two and ask, waits for rescue for meeting calamity miner hedging.This original hedging theory lasts till in January, 2006 state of West Virginia Sago explosion of coal mines accident, it is wrecked that this time accident causes 12 (l people dies instantly, 11 people because of death by suffocation) miners, West Virginia state government takes the lead in underground emergency danger-avoiding facility to make regulation, and life-saving capsule product is implemented to state government's approval.Within 2006, " improve and new emergency reaction method in mine " given prominence to refuge chamber (Mobile life-saving capsule) and the effect of emergency communication system in hedging rescue, and person includes down-hole refuge in " emergency reaction scheme " to require mine operation.At present, U.S. colliery, taking movable life-escaping capsule as main, is equipped with 1193, sanctuary (individual) altogether, wherein 1000 of soft life-saving capsules, and 123 of hardware formula life-saving capsules, refuge chamber only has 70.Refuge chamber is combined with life-saving capsule, in stratum, mine laneway both sides, directly excavate or utilize existing tunnel to build and form, be arranged on main lane or escape route, outfit maintains personnel survive necessary fresh air, track and localization, emergency communication and food, possess the disaster such as the fire of preventing and explosion ability, escape route is made with light reflecting material.

Australia is used the danger-avoiding facility of " air respiratorresuscitator+gas station ", after disaster accident occurs, distress personnel is worn the self-rescuer of carrying, going to rapidly air respiratorresuscitator deposits a little to change and wears rear escape, to the air rescue beacon of holding time not enough, by the aerating of quick recharge station, or change rear escape.

External urgent danger prevention is studied at first for metallic ore, research contents concentrates on underground refuge chamber (life-saving capsule) function, arrangement principle, rescue effect assessment and by which kind of mode is implemented, while occurring in inevitable situation for disaster accident that down-hole miner cannot be withdrawn in time, the refuge of a safety is provided, thereby extend rescue time, improve the effect of emergency management and rescue.Australia, the U.S. all can independently produce danger-avoiding facility at present, and wherein Mine ARC, Strata Safety Products, Kennedy have gone to the prostatitis of industry.

1.2 China's urgent danger prevention system Construction present situations

From domestic, simple Chamber is arranged at easy outburst areas that occurs such as adopting, dig working face in domestic colliery, adopts and presses wind to supply gas, and chamber seals, and also there is no the life support system such as food, communication, and galleryful is less, belongs to the urgent danger prevention System Construction primary stage.After having an accident, these elementary refuge chamber effects are limited, and coal mining enterprise also thinks little of urgent danger prevention System Construction.Chile in 2010 is successfully rescued after 69 days 33 stranded down-holes of miner, down-hole Emergency shelter has been brought into play vital role, inspired by this case, country has released domestic coal mine downhole safety hedging " six large systems " construction, requires to strengthen urgent danger prevention systematic study and exploitation.

At present, research and development and the production of domestic existing tens enterprise participation refuge chambers (life-saving capsule) and auxiliary facility, propose useful suggestion and method to urgent danger prevention system architecture, arrangement principle, product standard and system implementation.Meanwhile, domestic coal mining enterprise is just in the building-up work of Efforts To Develop avoiding system.According to Coal Industry Society's statistics, ended for the end of the year 2010, total 1,200,000 tons of above 837 places, colliery, 11000 places, 1,200,000 tons of following collieries of producing per year of China.Before the end of the year 2011, have nearly hundred at 100 people's scale chambers of building, within 2012, chamber yet to be built has nearly thousand.China's avoiding system construction mainly comprises permanent refuge chamber, interim refuge chamber, life-saving capsule, refuge taking route, emergency preplan etc., form fairly perfect urgent danger prevention system, ten thousand yuan of the about 500-600 of each chamber basis infusion of financial resources, some inputs are even more.

1.3 air regenesis Status of Researchs

The interior air regenesis of enclosed space under coal mine (refuge chamber and life-saving capsule) comprises provides oxygen and two aspects of gas sweetening.Under coal mine, in urgent danger prevention facility, the most important thing is air regenerative system, should ensure that the inside personnel that take refuge survive, just must be sustainedly and stably for it provides respirable O ₂, the gas of again people being breathed out is processed in time, absorbs CO ₂deng waste gas.O ₂be a kind of important integral part in urgent danger prevention facility air under coal mine, it is to maintain the personnel that take refuge to breathe, and keeps one of key factor of vitality.Average per hour a need of grownup consumes oxygen 22～25L, as O in air ₂content is lower than 18% time, and people just there will be anoxia shape; While being down to 10%, can make people go into a coma; While being down to 6%, will cause death.The normal people about 21L that gives off carbon dioxide per hour, in enclosed space, as eliminated not in time CO ₂, only need several hour concentrations just to rise to 1%.People is exposed to the CO of high density for a long time ₂in environment, can cause Physiological Psychology pathology, work as CO ₂when content reaches 5%, breathe and only can maintain 30min.Requirement according to " emergent danger avoiding system under shaft of coal mine implementation management temporary provisions ": (be not less than 96 hours) in whole specified guard time, O in urgent danger prevention facility internal medium ₂content should be between 18.5%～23%, CO ₂concentration is not more than 1%.

Coal mine underground refuge chamber or life-saving capsule, as an enclosed space, can not carry out gaseous interchange with the external world, must take effective artificial atmosphere and regeneration techniques device by its O ₂and CO ₂concentration is controlled within the scope of standard-required, otherwise can cause the most basic normal existence and the working conditions of personnel in underground emergency danger-avoiding facility to be lost very soon, cannot survive the long period at all.

At present, the conventional oxygen-supplying technology of enclosed space and mode mainly comprise both at home and abroad: oxygen cylinder oxygen supply method, liquid oxygen tank oxygen supply method, pressurized air oxygen supply method, chlorate oxygen candle oxygen supply method, extraordinary oxide compound oxygen supply method, alkaline electrolyte brine electrolysis oxygen supply method, solid state electrolyte (SPE) brine electrolysis oxygen supply method etc.By its principle, these methods can be summarized as to four large classes: high pressure oxygen flask method, oxymuriate oxygen candle method, water electrolysis method, extraordinary conventional ceramic technique.

1.3.1 high pressure oxygen flask method

The practical technology of high pressure oxygen flask method mainly contains oxygen cylinder oxygen supply method, pressurized air oxygen supply method and liquid oxygen tank oxygen supply method.

Oxygen cylinder oxygen supply is directly to store purity oxygen with gas cylinder, and decompression is rear for breathing.Compared with air, compression O ₂steel cylinder volume is little, oxygen level is large, and can after people's respiration, be converted into and ask to join one isopyknic CO ₂, not affecting the each concentration of component of air and pressure in enclosed space after processed, it becomes the widely used a kind of important oxygen supply mode of domestic and international underground emergency danger-avoiding facility.

Pressurized air can store to provide by mine compressed air pipeline and steel cylinder.Use pressurized air can directly meet the breathing of personnel in urgent danger prevention facility under coal mine, but mine compressed air pipeline may be damaged in the time having an accident, cause pipeline to interrupt or break and toxic gas is introduced in underground emergency danger-avoiding facility.While using tank of compressed air, need a large amount of steel cylinders, be unfavorable for arranging in a large number in mine or underground emergency danger-avoiding facility; The a large amount of N that wherein contain ₂also can affect each component concentration of air in underground emergency danger-avoiding facility Deng breathable gas not, increase pressure release number of times.Mine compressed air pipeline belongs to extraneous input for underground emergency danger-avoiding facility, can be used as one-level oxygen supply measure, and pneumatic accumulator is generally used as the bailout gas of underground emergency danger-avoiding facility, at normal O ₂for subsequent use or while and high pressure O when supply failure ₂mix and use, also for the pressure exhaust of underground emergency danger-avoiding facility ingress air-exchanging chamber.

For the easier restricted shortcoming of the amount of carrying of gaseous oxygen, develop liquid oxygen and carried technology.Oxygen is in a liquid state below-183 DEG C time, and its density is approximately 1000 times of gas oxygen density under normal temperature and pressure, so the portable liquid oxygen of the basin of same volume is much larger than gas oxygen.At present, the method for carrying liquid oxygen adopts in a large number at the enclosed space such as submarine, spacecraft, and its main application of carrying liquid oxygen is to provide oxygen source to power set, and part liquid oxygen from out breathing for personnel liquid oxygen tank after gasification, decompression, mixing simultaneously.But, promoting the use of more widely of liquid oxygen tank oxygen supply method must have reliable heat preservation technology, the liquid oxygen tank using must adopt double-layer vacuum to design and arrange corresponding safety precautions, therefore, liquid oxygen tank oxygen supply method to be applied to urgent danger prevention facility under coal mine, implement at present difficulty larger.

There is the advantages such as simple to operate, easy to use, technology maturation, easy care due to the oxygen supply of high pressure oxygen flask method, become a kind of important oxygen supply mode in home and abroad colliery underground emergency danger-avoiding facility at present.But, the O of high density ₂be not suitable for direct breathing, generally need to after mixing with gas in life-saving capsule or pressurized air, use; Meanwhile, high pressure O ₂in mine, belong to dangerous matter sources, installation, use and maintenance all need stringent regulations.Therefore, the oxygen supply of high pressure oxygen flask method also has certain limitation in colliery down-hole application.

1.3.2 oxymuriate oxygen candle method

Chlorate oxygen candle oxygen is in sodium chlorate or Potcrate, to add the additives such as fuel, chlorine-inhibiting agent, binding agent, casts cylindrically, when use, is ignited, and discharges oxygen, therefore claim oxygen candle.

Oxygen candle principle of work is that oxymuriate thermolysis discharges oxygen under the condition that has catalyzer to exist.Oxymuriate decomposes required heat to be provided by metal (Fe, Al, Mn and Mg etc.) dust-firing, and chemical reaction is as shown in equation (1)～(3), and in formula, M is basic metal.Oxymuriate thermal response is undertaken by formula (3) in the time that moderate moisture is carried out high temperature by formula (1) and formula (2).If there is water to exist in oxymuriate pyrolysis, can produce chlorine, if chemical reaction is as shown in equation (4), and in the catalyst reaction process having, also can produce CO, organism and flue dust.

4MClO ₃(heating) → 3MClO ₄+ 4MCl (1)

4MClO ₄(heating) → MCl+2O ₂(2)

2MClO ₃→2MCl+3O ₂ （3）

2MClO ₃(heating) → M ₂o+2.5O ₂+ Cl ₂(4)

The principal feature of chlorate oxygen candle oxygen is: easy to use, oxygen is lit up once startup, just can emit whole oxygen; Oxygen candle oxygen storage capacity is large; Produce oxygen speed fast, the performances such as oxygen-producing amount and product oxygen speed are not subject to temperature, the humidity effect of external environment: before and after using, volume is unchanged, without aftertreatment.But oxygen is lit up, and in use quantity of heat production is more concentrated, easily bring certain thermal load to environment for use, except producing oxygen, also can produce Cl ₂, harmful gas or other impurity such as CO, cause serious secondary pollution, cause the environment of enclosed space more to worsen.In addition, oxygen is lit up once startup, will discharge whole oxygen, can not automatically stop midway, and speed of response is difficult to control, and is difficult to realize continous-stable oxygen supply.For example, the oxygen candle that company of Britain produces can within the 25min time, total volume be 720L O ₂, this is enough to make volume is 24m ³space in O ₂concentration rise to 21% from 18%, be the cabin internal pressure about 3000Pa that raises simultaneously, allow people do not feel like oneself.Therefore, under coal mine, urgent danger prevention facility should not adopt the oxygen supply of chlorate oxygen candle.

1.3.3 water electrolysis method

Brine electrolysis oxygen supply method mainly comprises the oxygen supply of alkaline electrolyte brine electrolysis and the oxygen supply of solid state electrolyte brine electrolysis.

Brine electrolysis oxygenerator is exactly to utilize electric current to split water into its component hydrogen and the device of oxygen.After the electrolyzer that is full of electrolytic solution is switched on power, just have hydrogen and oxygen to produce, the hydrogen of being overflowed by electrolyzer and oxygen enter respectively hydrogen gas segregator and oxygen separation washer, carry out gas-liquid separation.Hydrogen and oxygen after separating are introduced respectively water scrubber again, and further separation and cooling, then sends hydrogen and oxygen.The alkali lye of separator internal reflux is removed impurity and dirt through alkali lye separator, then sends electrolyzer back to and recycle, and the oxygen producing can be breathed for personnel.The principle equation of its reaction is:

Anode 4OH ^-4e → O ₂+ H ₂o

Negative electrode 2H ₂o+2e → H ₂+ 2OH

Total reaction 2H ₂o → 2H ₂+ O ₂

The principal feature of solid state electrolyte brine electrolysis oxygen supply method is the caustic alkali liquid ionogen that has replaced traditional employing with solid polymer electrolyte (SPE).Hydrogen and oxygen generate respectively on the negative electrode of ionogen both sides and anode, and this ionogen had both been made the medium conducting electricity, and can be used as again the barrier film of isolation hydrogen, carrier of oxygen.So-called solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is actually a kind of perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer thin slice, becomes the good conductor of ion after this material immersion, and by oxonium ion under electric field, the migration on film reaches its electroconductibility.In conjunction with last layer negative electrode or anode material, just form negative electrode and the anode of electrolyzer cell in this ionogen both sides.In the time of water supply anode, water is generated oxygen, hydrogen ion and electronics by electrolysis, and hydrogen ion obtains electronics in negative electrode one side and generates hydrogen.Brine electrolysis reaction equation is identical with alkaline electrolyte brine electrolysis.SPE brine electrolysis device processed is mainly by electrolyzer, separator, interchanger, recycle pump and N ₂the element compositions such as refining plant.Brine electrolysis oxygen must consume a large amount of electric energy, and equipment volume is huge, controls complicated; Particularly the existence of its by product H2 is very disadvantageous Hazard Factor to the safety of enclosed space.Obviously, brine electrolysis oxygenerating technology does not meet without large power supply, without the requirement of potential safety hazard, therefore it should not be adopting in urgent danger prevention facility under coal mine.

1.3.4 extraordinary conventional ceramic technique

Extraordinary oxide compound mainly refers to the chemical substances such as Potassium peroxide, sodium peroxide, potassium superoxide, sodium superoxide, super calcium oxide.They can with the carbonic acid gas generation oxygen that reacts, there is oxygen supply and absorbing carbon dioxide dual-use function, can efficiently remove the carbonic acid gas in closed environment, generate required oxygen simultaneously.This technology during the Second World War for military purposes, as impermeable gas-proof mask, for the personal protection of Nuclear weapons and chemical warfare.At present, domestic and international a large amount of this technology of application in submarine, bathyscaph, national defence fortification, spaceship, mountain-climbing oxygen uptake, mine accident first aid under water, the task of execution supply oxygen, removing carbonic acid gas.But, in domestic and foreign literature, there is no the relevant report of this technology for urgent danger prevention facility under coal mine.

Three kinds of methods such as above-mentioned high pressure oxygen flask method, oxymuriate oxygen candle method, water electrolysis method are all because can not having special supporting carbon dioxide absorption technical equipment by absorbing carbon dioxide, greatly increased the complicacy of equipment and the difficulty that operation is used, and extraordinary oxide compound oxygen supply method has the technical superiority of absorbing carbon dioxide releasing oxygen dual-use function.

Potassium superoxide (KO ₂) be a kind of important basic metal super-oxide, physical behavior is a kind of buff powder, tack is better, easily pressurizing binding, sealed storage good stability under normal temperature.Due to wherein abundant containing oxygen, without special reaction condition can carbonic acid gas or water react, emit a large amount of oxygen, be the agent of a kind of desirable solid state chemistry storage oxygen.In addition, at KO ₂react with water after generate KOH(potassium hydroxide) be a kind of highly basic, can with sour gas CO in reactant gases ₂reaction generates K ₂cO ₃(salt of wormwood) even further generates KHCO ₃(saleratus), absorbs CO thereby reach ₂object, therefore, the double CO that is simultaneously again ₂purification medicament.Due to the characteristic of itself, from the forties, be just used in personal breathing apparatuss of oxygen supply such as mine, fire-fighting, mountain-climbing gradually, until in the environment control and life-support system of space flight, submarine etc. afterwards.

But, KO ₂application also have many problems need solve.Its reaction mechanism and final product will be subject to environmental factors such as humiture, CO ₂the impact of the factors such as concentration.As uncontrollable in reaction environment, reaction process is restive, may occur the easily excessive oxygen of putting, and the too much volumetric expansion that absorbs water causes system jams to lose efficacy, and system can not be interrupted the problems such as use.

In the world for KO ₂research peak concentrate on the initial stage sixties to the eighties, the various documents and materials of delivering this period are a lot.During this period, taking Russia as representative, Main Countries basis needs separately, to KO ₂-H ₂o-CO ₂reactive system compares comprehensive research, understand the reaction mechanism of system, carry out qualitative examination and reaction heat etc. has been done to quantitative assay for the impact of extraneous physics, chemistry and reaction conditions, also providing many useful experiences to designing practical reactor.Contemporaneity, they have also designed a lot of reaction unit research experiment and for different purposes, have accumulated many design experiences.But, KO ₂reaction process is very complicated, and reaction process and reaction final state are subject to the impact of many factors.So, in each new Application Areas, all must re-start experimental study and system design according to working conditions, and a kind of system success is applied in the development and design that depends on to a great extent reactor.

As far back as during the Second World War, American Mining Safety-One A/S (Mine Safety Appliances Company, MSA) just develops and uses KO ₂as the breathing apparatus of oxygen supply Chemox of oxygen source.After this device, be used as individual protective equipment by United States Navy and air force, this is a kind of enclosed individual protective equipment, has oxygen supply concurrently and eliminates CO ₂function, can be used for mephitical hazardous environment.After this, similarly device is widely used in all conglomeraties such as mining, fire-fighting, mountain climbing expedition so far.

Due to KO ₂the gap of the complicacy of reactive system and working conditions (breathing severe degree when total reaction time, personnel's individual difference, work etc.), individual rescue apparatus ensures its net cycle time by the method for conservative powder charge, therefore, the efficiency of this class device is conventionally all very low.

From nineteen sixty, USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) just adopts KO from the manned early-stage Study stage of simulating false humans and animals and carrying ₂as main oxygen source and the CO of life support system ₂absorption agent, and in the VOSTOK spacecraft of 1961, obtain the successful Application of manned spaceship first.After this, Russia (USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)) in spaceborne life support system until SOYUZ spacecraft utilizes KO always ₂(produce oxygen and eliminate CO as air regenesis medicament ₂).

1.3.5 air regenesis technology existing problems

At present, domestic colliery avoiding system air regenerative system substantially all adopts compressed oxygen oxygen-supplying technology, need in refuge chamber or life-saving capsule, use a large amount of high-pressure oxygen cylinders.According to statistics, colliery refuge chamber needs hyperbaric oxygen bottle to be generally no less than 60, in the time adopting compression arbon dioxide refrigeration, almost approaches 200.

Hyperbaric oxygen bottle is hazardous substance, and oxygen cylinder specification is generally 40 liters, and pressure is 15 MPas, approximately 150 standard atmospheric pressures.Oxygen cylinder is high pressure vessel; in bottle, wanting filling pressure is the oxygen of 150 normal atmosphere (15 MPa); bottled oxygen is intense oxidant, so in producing, transport, handle and safeguarding, if occur, oxygen bottle quality does not pass a test, carries shock, improper use etc. and often can cause an explosion accident.Once there is accident, its destructive force is quite large.

Except the danger that high-pressure oxygen cylinder itself exists, high-pressure oxygen cylinder also exists from revealing, and high pressure gas moment reveals also can affect personnel's life and health, and especially the oxygen cylinder leakage rate of China is higher, has more increased Hazard Factor; High-pressure oxygen cylinder need to be transported to ground tonifying Qi once every year, within every 3 years, is transported to ground professional institution and detects steel cylinder, and maintenance cost is also higher.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of potassium superoxide air regenerating device for urgent danger prevention under coal mine.The drawbacks such as the oxygen bottle that exists for current China's coal-mine underground emergency hedging place compression oxygenerating technology is many, have a big risk, system complex, the present invention utilizes potassium superoxide medicine plate absorbing carbon dioxide and moisture, the principle design of oxygenous air goes out air regenerating device, this air regenerating device can be realized reducing and put oxygen speed, and it is steadily reliable that this air regenerating device produces oxygen; This air regenerating device non-transformer, without pressure, is not afraid of collision, is not afraid of mishandle, belongs to secure device; This device not only provides the living environment of safety and comfort for colliery down-hole refuge personnel, and has eliminated the risk of urgent danger prevention place compression oxygenerating technology under coal mine, has improved mine safety supportability.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the potassium superoxide air regenerating device of urgent danger prevention under a kind of coal mine of the present invention; Comprise apparatus main body, this apparatus main body is hollow cavity structure, and described apparatus main body comprises air inlet area, reaction zone and exhaust area from top to bottom successively; Between described air inlet area and reaction zone, be provided with lower ventilative dividing plate, between described reaction zone and exhaust area, be provided with the dividing plate of bleeding; Described reaction zone is equally divided into upper cavity, middle cavity and lower chamber, and in being provided with between three cavitys, ventilative dividing plate, all arranges a potassium superoxide reactor in described upper cavity, middle cavity and lower chamber; On one sidewall of described reaction zone, rotary seal door is set.

Further, the high 1625～1725mm of described apparatus main body, the long 400～480mm in left and right, wide 310～380mm; Wherein, air inlet area height is 155～165mm; Reaction zone height is 1300～1350; Exhaust area height 170～210mm.The selected of above-mentioned size is an important innovations point of the present invention; According to research, the optimal reaction temperature of potassium superoxide is 50～60 DEG C Celsius, in this temperature range, and O ₂release and CO ₂absorption all reach best, extremes of temperature all can reduce reaction efficiency, and device highly determines that distance and flow velocity that internal flow is risen, circulation of air affects device radiation and product oxygen speed etc.; The selection of above-mentioned size makes the speed of response of whole regenerating unit obtain more effectively controlling.

Further, in described air inlet area, be provided with drawer type dividing plate; In this drawer type dividing plate, can play the on-off action that air enters; Meanwhile, wherein can also place some sorbing materials, enter koniology for removing.

Further, the porosity of described lower ventilative dividing plate is 45～55%; In described, the porosity of ventilative dividing plate is 45～55%; The porosity of dividing plate of bleeding on described is 45～55%; Preferably, the porosity of described lower ventilative dividing plate is 50%; In described, the porosity of ventilative dividing plate is 50%; The porosity of dividing plate of bleeding on described is 50%.The porosity of the dividing plate in apparatus main body is the through-flow important step of device control air, is to control potassium superoxide reaction member to produce the important parameter of oxygen speed control, through test many times, has determined above-mentioned porosity parameter; Evidence, through the setting of above-mentioned parameter, can make the speed of response of whole regenerating unit obtain more effectively controlling.

More preferably, the porosity of described lower ventilative dividing plate is 50%; In described, the porosity of ventilative dividing plate is 50%; The porosity of dividing plate of bleeding on described is 50%.

Further, on described revolving door, on the position of corresponding upper cavity, middle cavity and lower chamber, be respectively provided with a viewing window respectively; Can clearly observe the response situation of potassium superoxide reactor by this viewing window.

Device inner air flow is mainly heat effect and produces that density of air is poor to be caused, is similar to the draft of chimney, and according to take out=H of draft formula: h (γ sky-γ gas), draft is relevant with interior temperature with device height.

Suppose that outside temperature is 25 DEG C, under the state that is 0 at height above sea level, calculate the data (as shown in table 1) of two kinds of different heights devices under the different temperature difference.

The temperature difference in the different air channels of table 1 and draft relation

As can be seen from the table, device is highly 1.5m, and when 30 DEG C of the temperature difference, draft is 0.1635kg/m ², higher than device for 0.7m, 0.1582kg/m when 70 DEG C of the temperature difference ², can reach by improving the mobile speed of gas in device the object that reduces temperature of reaction.

Air acceleration and the air flow quantity of different device under differing temps calculated as follows:

Air acceleration in device: a=f(draft)/ρ (density of air);

The air flow quantity of device outlet: Q=a(acceleration) × s(device sectional area) × h(device height);

The in the situation that of 30 DEG C of the same temperature difference, highly for the device of 0.7m be highly that the air quantity that changes of the device of 1.5m is respectively 0.297m ³/ min and 1.428m ³/ min, the two differs 4.8 times; Because air flow rate is far above being highly the device of 0.7m, in the time that equal amts potassium superoxide medicine plate participates in reaction, potassium superoxide air regenerating device internal temperature of the present invention reduces approximately 10～15 DEG C relatively.

Further, the potassium superoxide air regenerating device of urgent danger prevention under coal mine of the present invention, also comprises a potassium superoxide reactor sealed storage case.Under non-working condition, potassium superoxide reactor external application double-layer films vacuum packaging is also placed in sealed storage case, to ensure that bin is under inundation state, can not have water to have any possible contacting with potassium superoxide reactor Chinese medicine plate.

Further, described potassium superoxide reactor comprises support and 21～25 blocks of potassium superoxide medicine plates; Described support is provided with corresponding 21～25 and shelves space.

Further, described potassium superoxide reactor is of a size of: long 320～340mm × wide 250～270mm × high 340～360mm; Every block of potassium superoxide medicine plate is of a size of: 305～320 × wide by 210～230 × thick 4～6mm; The weight of every block of potassium superoxide medicine plate is: 380～390g;

Further, described potassium superoxide medicine plate, comprises the raw material of following parts by weight:

Raw oxygen is inhaled 94～96 parts, carbon medicinal powder;

4～6 parts of tougheners;

Described raw oxygen is inhaled the raw material that carbon medicinal powder comprises following weight percent:

KO ₂ 75～85％；K ₂O ₂ 8～13％；K ₂O 7～12％。

Further, described toughener is the long ceramic fibre of 5～10mm.

Further, in described raw oxygen suction carbon medicinal powder, also comprise other auxiliary material: 1～3 part of CoSO ₄, 1～3 part of perlite powder and 1～3 part of CuOCl.

The personnel that take refuge carry out respiratory activity under coal mine in urgent danger prevention facility, carry out physiological metabolism in human body.In metabolic process, the oxygen and carbohydrate, fat, the protein that suck in human organism play oxygenizement, generate carbonic acid gas and water.Therefore the carbonic acid gas volume that, people spues in breathing is slightly smaller than the oxygen volume of suction.By characteristics of contaminated respiratory droplets CO ₂be defined as respiratory quotient or respiratory quotient (R.Q.) with the ratio of the oxygen volume sucking, respiratory quotient gets 0.85～0.90 conventionally.In order to judge the effect of air regenesis medicament absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, with gain factor, Kp weighs, and it is the ratio that discharges whole oxygen volumes and absorbing carbon dioxide volume after reaction:

$K_p=\frac{V_{O_2}}{V_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2}}$

Gain factor K _palso can represent with absorbing carbon dioxide and the ratio of the mole number of releasing oxygen, gain factor and respiratory quotient are reciprocal relations, and in the ideal case, medicament gain factor should mate with people's respiratory quotient, thereby reach the object of air regenesis.

If people's respiratory quotient gets 0.8, suck the oxygen of 1 volume, the carbonic acid gas of 0.8 volume of breathing out, the gain factor K of the regenerative agent matching so therewith _pshould be:

$K_p=\frac{V_{O_2}}{V_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2}}=\frac{1}{0.8}=1.25$

The gain factor of basic metal super-oxide (or super-oxide) can calculate by following formula:

Draw according to table 1 correlation data calculation, the gain factor of basic metal super-oxide is 0.5, and the gain factor of super-oxide is 1.5.

The each component of medicine plate and CO ₂reaction formula be respectively:

2KO ₂+CO ₂＝K ₂CO ₃+3/2O ₂ (19)

K ₂O ₂+CO ₂＝K ₂CO ₃+1/2O ₂ (20)

K ₂O+CO ₂＝K ₂CO ₃ (21)

The mol number of the each component of 1000g medicament calculates (with KO ₂75%; K ₂o ₂13%; K ₂o 12% calculates):

Molecular weight: M (KO ₂)=71.0971; M (K ₂o ₂)=110.1954;

M(K ₂O)=94.196；M(CO2)=44.0098。

KO ₂mol number:

$n\left({\mathrm{KO}}_2\right)=\frac{m\left({\mathrm{KO}}_2\right)}{M\left({\mathrm{KO}}_2\right)}=\frac{750}{71.0971}=10.55\mathrm{mol}$

According to the corresponding CO that consumes of reaction formula (10) ₂mol number:

$n_1\left({\mathrm{CO}}_2\right)=\frac{1}{2}n\left({\mathrm{KO}}_2\right)=5.275\mathrm{mol}$

The O producing ₂mol number:

$n_1\left(O_2\right)=\frac{3}{2}{n}_1\left({\mathrm{CO}}_2\right)=7.9125\mathrm{mol}$

K ₂o ₂mol number:

$n\left(K_2{O}_2\right)=\frac{m\left(K_2{O}_2\right)}{M\left(K_2{O}_2\right)}=\frac{130}{110.1954}=1.18\mathrm{mol}$

According to the corresponding CO consuming of reaction formula (10) ₂mol number:

n ₂(CO ₂)=n(K ₂O ₂)=1.18mol

The O producing ₂mol number:

$n_2\left(O_2\right)=\frac{1}{2}{n}_2\left({\mathrm{CO}}_2\right)=0.59\mathrm{mol}$

K ₂the mol number of O:

$n\left(K_{2}O\right)=\frac{m\left(K_{2}O\right)}{M\left(K_{2}O\right)}=\frac{120}{94.196}=1.27\mathrm{mol}$

According to the corresponding CO consuming of reaction formula (12) ₂mol number:

n ₃(CO ₂)=n(K ₂O)=1.27mol

The total CO absorbing ₂mol number be:

n(CO ₂)=n ₁(CO ₂)+n ₂(CO ₂)+n ₃(CO ₂)=7.725mol

The O producing ₂total mol number is:

n(O ₂)=n ₁(O ₂)+n ₂(O ₂)=8.5025mol

The total CO absorbing ₂mol number and the O of generation ₂the ratio of total mol number is:

$\frac{n\left({\mathrm{CO}}_2\right)}{n\left(O_2\right)}=\frac{7.725\mathrm{mol}}{8.5025\mathrm{mol}}=0.876$

As previously mentioned, respiratory quotient is characteristics of contaminated respiratory droplets CO ₂amount and the ratio that sucks oxygen-consumption, it is relevant to human diet kind and anthropochemistry.The normal range of respiratory quotient is between 1～0.7, and respiratory quotient gets 0.85～0.90 conventionally.Can find out from above calculating, medicine dedicated plate of the present invention and personnel's respiratory quotient matching are fine.

Further, the preparation method of described potassium superoxide medicine plate, comprises the steps:

1) raw material is prepared: the first drying treatment through 200～250 DEG C of temperature by toughener, inhale carbon medicinal powder by weight raw oxygen: the ratio of toughener=94～96:4～6 is put into blender by life oxygen suction carbon medicinal powder with toughener and mixed 0.5～1.5h, add other auxiliary material, obtain evenly loose batch mixing;

2) medicine plate compacting: weigh 395 ± 15 grams of batch mixings, pack in template die, after paving, suppress with hydropress, pressure-controlling is 9～10MPa), the medicine plate thickness 4～6mm of press forming, envrionment temperature is controlled between 10 DEG C～20 DEG C, and humidity is controlled in 30%～40% scope;

3) medicine plate is shaped: the medicine plate after compacting, through the operation such as thermal treatment, repairing, is finally made rectangle medicine plate, long 305～320 × wide by 210～230 × thick 4～6mm of physical dimension, weight 380～390g.76.81 liters of theoretical oxygen-producing amounts.

Further, described toughener is the long ceramic fibre of 5～10mm.

The test of potassium superoxide medicine plate:

For the physical and chemical stability of verifying that developed potassium superoxide air regenesis medicine plate uses, carry out correlation test.

1, oven test

Moulding medicine plate is put into baking box (100 DEG C) and directly burnt, and medicine plate is without distortion, without burning, and physical stability is strong.

2, infiltrate test

Moulding medicine plate is placed on cotton, cotton and newspaper more than 1h, and cotton, cotton and newspaper totally as before, are not any change.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

1. this device is mainly made up of apparatus main body, potassium superoxide reactor, sealed storage case, and structure improvement is reasonable, multiple functional, easy to use, safeguards simple.Compare with other oxygenerating technology, save a large amount of carbon-dioxide absorbents and moisture absorber.Other oxygenerating technology of comparing, potassium superoxide oxygen supply is applied to urgent danger prevention facility under coal mine and has very strong technological competitiveness;

2. while work, without power, in absorbing carbon dioxide, discharge oxygen, there is the dual-use function of oxygen supply and removal carbonic acid gas; The ratio of absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen and people's respiratory quotient have good matching properties; In use procedure and reaction terminating all do not produce the material harmful to human and environment;

3. removing CO ₂time, can also absorption cleaning CH ₄, CO, H ₂s, SO ₂, NO _xdeng obnoxious flavour, guarantee that the environmental quality in enclosed space meets relevant criterion requirement.

4. potassium superoxide air regenerating device of the present invention has controllability, can be the continual and steady oxygen supply of enclosed space.

Brief description of the drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.

Fig. 1 is for using potassium superoxide air regenerating device distribution plan of the present invention in the test of simulation chamber;

Fig. 2 tests oxygen and the carbonic acid gas test point distribution plan in the distribution in chamber space in simulation chamber test;

Oxygen and carbon dioxide content temporal evolution graphic representation in the hundred people live tests of ore deposit, the Tu3Wei Kong village;

The interior carbon monoxide of chamber and methane content change curve in the hundred people live tests of ore deposit, the Tu4Wei Kong village;

The change curve of cave room temp and humidity in the hundred people live tests of ore deposit, the Tu5Wei Kong village;

Chamber air outlet temperature and oxygen variation relation graphic representation in the hundred people live tests of ore deposit, the Tu6Wei Kong village;

Fig. 7 is potassium superoxide air regenerating device structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is structural representation under sealed storage case storage potassium superoxide reactor conditions;

Fig. 9 is potassium superoxide scaling-up structural representation.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Shown in Figure 7, the potassium superoxide air regenerating device of urgent danger prevention under a kind of coal mine of the present invention; Comprise apparatus main body 1, this apparatus main body 1 is hollow cavity structure, and described apparatus main body 1 comprises air inlet area 11, reaction zone 12 and exhaust area 13 from top to bottom successively; Between described air inlet area 11 and reaction zone 12, be provided with lower ventilative dividing plate 121, between described reaction zone 12 and exhaust area 13, be provided with the dividing plate 131 of bleeding, in the present embodiment, described dividing plate 131 middle parts of bleeding are provided with the hollow-cone body 1311 extending to exhaust area 13, and this hollow-cone body 1311 has the effect of certain withdrawing gas; Ventilative dividing plate 125 during described reaction zone 12 is equally divided into and is provided with between upper cavity 122, middle cavity 123 and 124, three cavitys of lower chamber 122,123,124; Under use state, a potassium superoxide reactor 126 is all set, (in Fig. 7 for convenience with the aid of pictures, only at potassium superoxide reactor 126 shown in the lower chamber 124 of Fig. 7) in described upper cavity 122, middle cavity 123 and lower chamber 124; Under non-working condition, potassium superoxide reactor wraps up and is put in sealed storage case with bilayer film; On one sidewall of described reaction zone 12, rotary seal door 127 is set; In described air inlet area 11, be provided with drawer type dividing plate 111;

High 1625～the 1725mm of described apparatus main body, the long 400～480mm in left and right, wide 310～380mm; Wherein, air inlet area height is 155～165mm; Reaction zone height is 1300～1350; Exhaust area height 170～210mm.

On described rotary seal door 127, on the position of corresponding upper cavity 122, middle cavity 123 and lower chamber 124, be respectively provided with a viewing window 1271,1272,1273 respectively; Can clearly observe the response situation of potassium superoxide reactor 126 by viewing window;

Shown in Figure 8, the potassium superoxide air regenerating device of urgent danger prevention under coal mine of the present invention, also comprises a potassium superoxide reactor sealed storage case 128.Under non-working condition, 126 external application double-layer films 1261 vacuum packagings of potassium superoxide reactor are also placed in sealed storage case 128, to ensure that sealed storage case, under inundation state, can not have water to have any possible contacting with potassium superoxide reactor 126 Chinese medicine plates; For preventing bumping between the potassium superoxide reactor 126 in sealed storage case 128, when storage, in the gap between potassium superoxide reactor 126, place resilient material 1281.

Shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9, described potassium superoxide reactor 126 comprises 1262 and 21～25 blocks of potassium superoxide medicine plates 1263 of support, uses 23 blocks of potassium superoxide medicine plates in the present embodiment; Described potassium superoxide medicine plate 1263 is shelved on support 1262 uniformly;

Described potassium superoxide reactor 126 is of a size of: long 320～340mm × wide 250～270mm × high 340～360mm; Every block of potassium superoxide medicine plate is of a size of: 305～320 × wide by 210～230 × thick 4～6mm; The weight of every block of potassium superoxide medicine plate 1263 is: 380～390g;

Principle of work: in the time need to using the potassium superoxide air regenerating device of urgent danger prevention under coal mine, double-layer films outside potassium superoxide reactor 126 1261 is torn, be placed into respectively upper cavity 122, middle cavity 123 and the lower chamber 124 of reaction zone 12, close rotary seal door 127; Open the drawer type dividing plate 111 of air inlet area 11, gas enters reaction zone to start to start to occur chemical reaction with potassium superoxide medicine plate 1263, by the effect of total draft, the potassium superoxide medicine plate 1263 in three cavitys is controlled reaction progressively, discharges the oxygen of requirement.

Potassium superoxide medicine plate of the present invention can use conventional potassium superoxide medicine plate (for example being produced by Beijing Heng Xin chemical company), still, uses following potassium superoxide medicine plate, can reach better beneficial effect.

Improved embodiment further, described potassium superoxide medicine plate, comprises the raw material of following parts by weight:

Raw oxygen is inhaled 94 parts, carbon medicinal powder;

6 parts of ceramic fibres;

Described raw oxygen is inhaled the raw material that carbon medicinal powder comprises following weight percent:

KO ₂ 75％；K ₂O ₂ 13％；K ₂O 12％。

Described raw oxygen is inhaled in carbon medicinal powder and is also comprised 1 part of CoSO ₄, 3 parts of perlite powder and 1 part of CuOCl;

Long 305 × wide by 230 × thick 4mm of physical dimension of described special potassium superoxide medicine plate, weight 380～390g.

The preparation method of above-mentioned potassium superoxide medicine plate, comprises the steps:

1) raw material is prepared: the first drying treatment through 200 DEG C of temperature by ceramic fibre long 5mm, inhale carbon medicinal powder by weight raw oxygen: the ratio of ceramic fibre=94:6 is inhaled carbon medicinal powder by life oxygen and put into blender mixing 0.5h with ceramic fibre, then adds 1 part of CoSO ₄, 3 parts of perlite powder and 1 part of CuOCl, obtain evenly loose batch mixing;

2) medicine plate compacting: weigh 395 ± 15 grams of batch mixings, pack in template die, after paving, suppress with hydropress, pressure-controlling is 9MPa, the medicine plate thickness 4mm of press forming, envrionment temperature is controlled at 10 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 30%;

3) medicine plate is shaped: the medicine plate after compacting, through the operation such as thermal treatment, repairing, is finally made rectangle medicine plate, long 305 × wide by 230 × thick 4mm of physical dimension, weight 380～390g.

Embodiment 2

Repeat embodiment 1, its difference is only:

Described potassium superoxide medicine plate, comprises the raw material of following parts by weight:

Raw oxygen is inhaled 96 parts, carbon medicinal powder;

4 parts of ceramic fibres;

Described raw oxygen is inhaled the raw material that carbon medicinal powder comprises following weight percent:

KO ₂ 85％；K ₂O ₂ 8％；K ₂O 7％。

In described raw oxygen suction carbon medicinal powder, also comprise other auxiliary material: 3 parts of CoSO ₄, 1 part of perlite powder and 3 parts of CuOCl;

Long 320 × wide by 210 × thick 6mm of physical dimension of described special potassium superoxide medicine plate, weight 380～390g.

The preparation method of above-mentioned potassium superoxide medicine plate, comprises the steps:

1) raw material is prepared: the first drying treatment through 250 DEG C of temperature by ceramic fibre long 10mm, inhale carbon medicinal powder by weight raw oxygen: the ratio of ceramic fibre=96:4 is inhaled carbon medicinal powder by life oxygen and put into blender mixing 1.5h with ceramic fibre, then adds 3 parts of CoSO ₄, 1 part of perlite powder and 3 parts of CuOCl, obtain evenly loose batch mixing;

2) medicine plate compacting: weigh 395 ± 15 grams of batch mixings, pack in template die, after paving, suppress with hydropress, pressure-controlling is 10MPa, the medicine plate thickness 6mm of press forming, envrionment temperature is controlled at 20 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 40%;

3) medicine plate is shaped: the medicine plate after compacting, through the operation such as thermal treatment, repairing, is finally made rectangle medicine plate, long 320 × wide by 210 × thick 6mm of physical dimension, weight 380～390g.

Embodiment 3

Repeat embodiment 1, its difference is:

Described potassium superoxide medicine plate, comprises the raw material of following parts by weight:

Raw oxygen is inhaled 95 parts, carbon medicinal powder;

5 parts of ceramic fibres;

Described raw oxygen is inhaled the raw material that carbon medicinal powder comprises following weight percent:

KO ₂ 80％；K ₂O ₂ 10％；K ₂O 10％。

Described raw oxygen is inhaled in carbon medicinal powder and is also comprised 2 parts of CoSO ₄, 2 parts of perlite powder and 2 parts of CuOCl;

Long 315 × wide by 220 × thick 5mm of physical dimension of described special potassium superoxide medicine plate, weight 380～390g.

The preparation method of above-mentioned potassium superoxide medicine plate, comprises the steps:

1) raw material is prepared: the first drying treatment through 220 DEG C of temperature by ceramic fibre long 7mm, inhale carbon medicinal powder by weight raw oxygen: the ratio of ceramic fibre=95:5 is inhaled carbon medicinal powder by life oxygen and put into blender mixing 1h with ceramic fibre, then adds 2 parts of CoSO ₄, 2 parts of perlite powder and 2 parts of CuOCl, obtain evenly loose batch mixing;

2) medicine plate compacting: weigh 395 ± 15 grams of batch mixings, pack in template die, after paving, suppress with hydropress, pressure-controlling is 9.5MPa, the medicine plate thickness 5mm of press forming, envrionment temperature is controlled at 15 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at 35%;

3) medicine plate is shaped: the medicine plate after compacting, through the operation such as thermal treatment, repairing, is finally made rectangle medicine plate, long 315 × wide by 220 × thick 5mm of physical dimension, weight 380～390g.

Potassium superoxide air regenerating device of the present invention application test in practice:

One, simulation chamber test

1, test objective

Under test simulation coal mine refuge chamber environment, potassium superoxide air regenerating device produces oxygen and carbon dioxide assimilation effect and air equiblibrium mass distribution situation.

2, test conditions

Simulation chamber adopts the thick insulation color steel of 75mm to build; For warranty test carries out smoothly, chamber adopts gas-tight design, can heating and moistening; Colliery simulation chamber is divided into personnel chamber and transition chamber, and a flexible door curtain is carried additionally in centre, two-layer gas-tight door, one of viewing window.

This participates in test number 21 people, test period 12 hours.

This test shares 2 air regenerating devices that use the present invention special potassium superoxide medicine plates, simulation chamber on the right side, a (see figure 1) of each placement in the middle of rear row, consume altogether 48 of special potassium superoxide medicine plates.

Test initial environment: oxygen concentration 20.6%, 16 DEG C of temperature, humidity 65%.Adopt M40 Portable comprehensive tester to measure the gases such as oxygen, utilize MA survey meter to measure gas concentration lwevel.

3, analysis of experiments

This test main test oxygen and carbonic acid gas are in the distribution in chamber space.

This experimental selection 21 test point, following (see figure 2) distributes.Be divided into A, B, C, D, E, F and seven surveys line of G, every survey line divides high, medium and low layout three measuring points.

Carried out altogether 5 tests, it is 0.1% that the oxygen concentration in each place that the same time records differs minimum, is 0.4% to the maximum, and each measuring point oxygen content of average out to 0.2%(is in table 1).Test at ordinary times CO ₂and O ₂sampling spot is G2; Temperature, humidity sampling spot are D2.

Each measuring point oxygen content table (%) of table 1

4, conclusion (of pressure testing)

1) can draw safe regenerating unit dependable performance by testing us, produce oxygen safety and steady, oxygen content remains between 20.2～21%, and gas concentration lwevel is below 0.7%.In simulation chamber, oxygen content is evenly distributed, measuring point in each position of chamber, highly, and same time measurement data differ and are no more than 0.4%.

2), in whole process of the test, chamber temperature, humidity are all controlled preferably; Methane, hydrogen sulfide are all in the scope of national regulation; Cave indoor occupant is felt good, without malaise symptoms.Monitoring index all meets the relevant temporary provisions of country, and process of the test has been verified the feasibility of potassium superoxide air regenerating device in underground refuge chamber application.

Two, Kong Zhuan ore deposit hundred people live tests

The Kong Zhuan of great Tun company colliery is according to " State Council is about the notice (No. ［ 2010 ］ 23, promulgated by the State Council) of further reinforcement enterprise safety operation work " and " Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision country improves the notice (the total coal of safety supervision fills [2010] No. 146) of coal mine downhole safety hedging " six large systems " about construction " requirement, gradual perfection monitoring and controlling system, Mine Personnel Positioning System, urgent danger prevention system, compressed-air self-help system, water supply sue and labour system and the large safe system of ventilation contacted system 6.

The structure of Kong Zhuan colliery urgent danger prevention system is the process of a gradual perfection.At present, 4 permanent refuge chambers are being set up in Kong Zhuan colliery stage by stage, 2 interim refuge chambers, and the construction project of the urgent danger prevention facilities such as 6 movable life-escaping capsules, and set up gradually the safety precaution network that covers full mine.

1, Kong Zhuan ore deposit basic condition

The village, hole coal mine is produced and appraised and decided ability is 1,500,000 tons/year (2009), 48 years [undergrouves.I 6 exploiting fields, Kong Zhuan colliery produce at present, Wei Kong village ore deposit main force exploiting field, this arrangement of mining area track go down the hill (1130 meters ,-20 degree, 10.5 square metres of net sections), belt goes down the hill (940 meters,-16 degree, 14.2 square metres of net sections), pedestrian go down the hill (1130 meters ,-20 degree, 14.2 square metres of net sections) three go down the hill, according to new " safety regulations " requirement, again complement Special back air way.Parking lot, top, exploiting field is flatcar field forward, and middle yard is the one-sided field of uncoupling.400 tons of district coal bin capacity.

According to " Datun Coal and Power Co.'s urgent danger prevention overall system design scheme ", at I ₆near-350 parking lots, arrange 1 permanent refuge chamber, serve I ₆one, exploiting field is combined and is adopted team, two development end, exploiting field track, the operator of People's Bank of China, service number 70 people.

Kong Zhuan colliery I ₆exploiting field refuge chamber inner body is made up of transition chamber and existence chamber, and existence district overall length 27.8m is made up of existence chamber useful area 110m transition chamber and existence chamber ², specified galleryful 100 people.Without any extraneous support in the situation that, specified guard time is not less than 96 hours.

Chamber structure design meets national relevant regulations, is furnished with sprinkling system, compression oxygen system, presses wind oxygen system, refrigeration system, purification system, dehumidification system, communication system, monitoring and controlling system, waterworks, personnel location system, power and lighting system and subsystem etc.After chamber builds up, by University of Science & Technology, Beijing and Datun Coal and Power Co., chamber indices has been carried out to joint test, wherein, in resistance to air loss bulge test, maximum differential pressure peak value reaches 12000pa, and chamber resistance to air loss is good, and parameters index meets national relevant regulations.

2, test is prepared

Establish pilot command portion in video monitoring chamber, ground, be responsible for and the communication and coordination of cave indoor occupant; On duty group of 3 scenes of down-hole chamber peripheral hardware (taking turns at keeping watch for 3 groups), comprise the personnel of ambulance corps and medical personnel, and carry required equipment and medical treatment product, process emergency situations; 100 people are made up of great Tun company, Zhong Mei electric corporation, upper marine Yao company, Beijing Heng Xin company and the related personnel of University of Science & Technology, Beijing in chamber, and have set up commander in chief, vice president commander and each head tester; And mobilization and special training are carried out to participating in chamber testing crew.

3, testing apparatus is prepared

Chemical oxygen generation air regenerative system configuration: 10 of air regenerating devices; 100 of medicine plate work boxs (including 1200 of the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plates); 8 of storage cabinets (2 of actual loads); 1000 kilograms of soda-lime (carbon-dioxide absorbent); 500 kilograms, siccative; 200 of medicine plates for subsequent use.

Wherein, chemical oxygen generation air regenesis unit comprises 3 the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate reaction members, the in-built 24 special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plates of each reaction member maximum capacity, operating ambient temperature 5-50 DEG C, Working environment humidity 10-90%.The special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate base specification (sheet): physical dimension 315 × 220 × 6mm, the about 385g of weight, theoretical oxygen-producing amount is 76.81 liters, 3 reaction members of air regenerating device can once provide 5530 liters of oxygen; When the work of the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate, do not need extra power support, when work, take out and take apart in sealing embedding device and can use; Can be according to the air actual state in chamber, Meter Test data and the oxygen plate working hour plate of more changing dressings, and by the plate of more changing dressings, infinitely extended its working hour.The special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate leaves in storage cabinet, and storage cabinet can be placed in optional position in chamber, such as transition chamber.

4, testing program

1) conceptual design

10 of chemical oxygen air regenerating devices are installed altogether in this test in chamber, 2 one group of dispersed placement, and totally 5 groups, install by wall, in personnel's seat, reserve position, staggered arrangement, every group of device interval is less than 7 meters.

Meet in chamber 100 people under closed state for the demand of oxygen with to discharging the processing of carbonic acid gas, the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate can provide the oxygen of satisfying the demand and sponge most of carbonic acid gas, but because of density of personnel in chamber large, the moisture of discharging is higher, carbon dioxide absorption rate is (according to the data of test of many times) in 0.8 left and right, need to increase partial CO 2 absorption agent, be not more than 1% to control gas concentration lwevel, 1000 kilograms of the soda-lime that this test preparation specific absorption is 30%.In addition, as 500 kilograms of auxiliary carbon dioxide absorption removal moisture drying agent.

2) oxygen-supplying amount

According to national relevant regulations, refuge chamber oxygen system per minute supply be not less than 0.5 liter/people/minute, 100 people's per minute supplys are not less than 50 liters/min, and this chemistry is answered the preliminary arrangement of oxygen test period 24 hours, amounts to oxygen requirement 0.5 × 60 × 24 × 100=72000 liter.

Calculate with 24 hours chemical oxygen generation test periods, change the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate in the time that oxygen concentration declines below 21.0%, about every 6-8 hour changes the special potassium superoxide medicine of a collection of the present invention plate (determining according to instrument detection case in test); Whole experimental session needs approximately 1200 of medicine plate amounts, considers test leeway, and this test is equipped with 200 of the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention for subsequent use plates again, is all contained in advance in reactor and sealing.All medicine plates oxygen storage capacities altogether: (1200+200) × 76.81=100000 liter, be far longer than 72000 liters of 24 hours oxygen requirements of 100 people, can meet 100 people's 24 hour call oxygen absorbeds.

5, testing tool

1) test apparatus

In chamber, the various monitoring sensors of original layout, also comprise:

(1) CD4 multiparameter gas determinator: mainly detect oxygen (O ₂), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH ₄), hydrogen sulfide (H ₂s) gas concentration, useful range respectively: methane: 0～4.00%; Carbon monoxide: 0～1000ppm; Oxygen: 0～25.0%; Hydrogen sulfide: 0.0～100.0ppm.

(2) CRG4H infrared carbon dioxide tester: mainly detect gas concentration lwevel, useful range 0～5.000%.

(3) hand-held infrared temperature tester: mainly detect chamber wall temperature, internal space temperature, device body surface and internal temperature, useful range-20 DEG C～+ 500 DEG C.

(4) humidometer: useful range 10～95%.

2) measuring point is arranged

6 test point are set chamber existence is indoor, measuring point is uniformly distributed at chamber, and measuring point is distributed in apart from the high position of 1.5m, chamber ground.

6 test processs

1) test phase

In process of the test, point unloading phase, two stages of steady stage carry out, and record respectively temperature, humidity, the CH of the inner each measuring point of chamber ₄concentration, CO ₂concentration, O ₂concentration, H ₂s concentration and CO change in concentration situation.

Unloading phase: the object in this stage is test set start time.After the explosion-proof sealed door of chamber is closed, start the each life-support system of chamber and start this device, until oxygen concentration is stablized half an hour.

Steady stage: the object in this stage is mainly the variation of the oxygen delivery capacity of test set and carbon dioxide absorption, other gas content.When oxygen concentration in chamber does not change within half an hour, enter the steady stage.

2) process of the test

(1) February 17 8:00, personnel start to go into the well, and within 9: 45, enter chamber, close four road protective doors, in chamber, check the number and take one's seat;

(2) 10 o'clock sharps of February 17 start test after ground command center issues an order, and in carrying out the data collection task of chamber inner base, chemical oxygen device starts to place the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate, and after approximately 15 minutes, device is started working;

(3) according to the situation of cave simulation laboratory test on the 14th, 2 of the reaction units of the 23 special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plates of every equipment placement of this time test, be placed on the first and second reaction compartments of number from bottom to top, count 46 medicine plates, full chamber uses 460 of the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plates for the first time;

(4), in process of the test, record temperature, humidity, the CH of the inner each measuring point of chamber ₄concentration, CO ₂concentration, O ₂concentration, H ₂s concentration and CO change in concentration, reaction unit internal temperature, outside of deivce temperature and air outlet temperature conditions;

(5) the device start time is about 2 hours, and within start time, oxygen concentration declines, and gas concentration lwevel rises, and oxygen concentration approaches 20%, and gas concentration lwevel approaches 0.9%.After the normal startup of equipment, oxygen concentration rises, and gas concentration lwevel declines, and keeps normal level always.

(6) late 10 points, equipment work is after 14 hours, and oxygen and carbon dioxide indicator are normal, and headquarters determine that chemical oxygen oxygen supply test extends to second day 6 point.Take into account into night, the existing tired phenomenon of original medicine plate simultaneously, increase the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate medicine plate and amount to 360, every table apparatus uses three reaction compartments, order is: the reactor in former 1 space is put into 3 spaces, the reactor in 2 spaces is put into 1 space, and the reactor of newly inserting is put into 2 spaces.

(7) 1:30 divides, and because personnel's majority enters sleep state, oxygen content rises, and has closed the air door of whole devices, keeps oxygen content in standard state.

(8) February 17,4:30 divided, and the oxygen supply of ground notification chemical oxygen is tested and finished for 5 o'clock, and voltage supply wind 1 hour is compressed oxygen test create environment; , press wind to open, chemical oxygen off-test at 5 o'clock.

(9) after chemical oxygen off-test, take out and seal up for safekeeping institute's aerobic plate, from reporting situations, the medicine plate in 2,3 spaces also has stronger vigor, and the medicine plate in 1 space reacts completely, and device also can ensure that the oxygen supply time of 4-6 hour does not need the plate of more changing dressings.This time test consumes 690 of medicine plates altogether.

7, type approval test operating analysis

1) the initial and done state of chamber

Original state: 24.8 DEG C of chamber rock temperature, 24.5 DEG C of chamber temperature, humidity 74.2%, oxygen content 21.4%, carbonic acid gas 0.18%, carbon monoxide 0, methane 0.02%, hydrogen sulfide 0.

Done state: 25.5 DEG C of chamber rock temperature, 28.7 DEG C of chamber temperature, humidity 78.4%, oxygen content 22.1%, carbonic acid gas 0.73%, carbon monoxide 31.2ppm, methane 0.09%, hydrogen sulfide 0.

2) test result and analysis

Every gas standard is tested taking video monitoring chamber test data as benchmark.Control Room test data is to be arranged in chamber top monitoring sensor transmission data, and in chamber, molecular weight of carbon dioxide is larger, is deposited on chamber bottom, and test data is relatively low, oxygen content molecular weight, and test data is relatively high.Equipment itself also has fractional error simultaneously, and therefore the data obtained has and nuance, but total variation tendency is identical.

8, conclusion (of pressure testing)

Oxygen and carbon dioxide content temporal evolution graphic representation in the hundred people live tests of ore deposit, the Tu3Wei Kong village; As can be seen from Figure 3, in whole process of the test, oxygen content is all the time between 20.1～22.3%, and carbon dioxide content is between 0.18～0.84%, and near relatively stable remaining on 0.6%, meets country's " temporary provisions " allowed band.It is the process that reduces gradually that reaction starts that rear oxygen content starts, and after 2 hours, oxygen concentration reduces as far as possible 20.1%, illustrate that chemical oxygen generation reacts approximately 2 hours start times; Start to raise thereafter, process approximately 4 as a child oxygen content reaches 22.0%, chemical drugs plate consumes subsequently, after 5 hours, oxygen content is down to 21.2%, consider oxygen supply safety, now increase reaction medicine plate, when the steady state of oxygen content before, content has a larger increase, maximum reaches approximately 22.3%, is plateau afterwards always.In reaction process, oxygen content becomes inverse variation trend with the logarithm of carbon dioxide content rate of change, illustrate in chemical oxygen generation process, the increase of oxygen concentration and gas concentration lwevel be lowered into direct ratio.Can draw by total chemical equation, over a period to come, carbonic acid gas and oxygen total content and mean value concentration keep relative stability; The increase of gas concentration lwevel promotes chemical oxygen generation process.

The interior carbon monoxide of chamber and methane content change curve in the hundred people live tests of ore deposit, the Tu4Wei Kong village; Fig. 4 reacts the variation of the interior carbon monoxide of chamber and methane content.Can find out, process of the test carbon monoxide content is lower than 20ppm, and methane gas content is lower than 0.09%, all in the scope of country's " temporary provisions ".Cave indoor occupant is felt good, without malaise symptoms;

The change curve of cave room temp and humidity in the hundred people live tests of ore deposit, the Tu5Wei Kong village; As can be seen from Figure 5, in whole process of the test, outside of deivce is between 26.1～37.8 DEG C, and air outlet temperature mainly concentrates within the scope of 22～37 DEG C, and chamber temperature basic controlling is below 30 DEG C, and humidity remains on below 80% substantially; Chamber humidity has a sharply rising from 17:00, and reason may be now to open air-conditioning, and because air-conditioning is to blow ice refrigeration, therefore larger on ambient moisture impact, humidity increases obvious; Increase after reaction medicine plate at 21.:30, because potassium superoxide has very strong dehumidifying effect, therefore humidity progressively reduces again.It can also be seen that from figure, device produces heat slightly to be affected cave room temp, but in controlled range; In whole process of the test, in chamber, temperature and humidity meets the requirement of country's " temporary provisions " to temperature, humidity completely.Chamber air outlet temperature and oxygen variation relation graphic representation in the hundred people live tests of ore deposit, the Tu6Wei Kong village; As can be seen from Figure 6, along with air outlet temperature increases, oxygen content has increase trend, illustrates that speed of response is than very fast.But after 1:00, air outlet temperature tends to be steady after declining suddenly, and oxygen content also tends to be steady gradually.

In sum, experiment conclusion is as follows:

1) it is feasible adopting the air regenesis technology of chemical oxygen generation at underground refuge chamber.Adopt the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate to be applied under coal mine and belong to the world initiation, created the oxygen supply pattern of deep coalmine underground refuge chamber chemical oxygen (potassium superoxide).

2) in whole process of the test, oxygen concentration is in 20.1%～22.3% normal range, and oxygen supply continues evenly; Gas concentration lwevel is controlled between 0.18～0.84%, near relatively stable remaining on 0.6%; Carbon monoxide concentration is lower than 20ppm; Chamber temperature is controlled at 30 DEG C of following, humidity substantially below 80%; Methane, hydrogen sulfide are all in the scope of national regulation.Cave indoor occupant is felt good, without malaise symptoms.Monitoring index all meets the relevant temporary provisions of country, and process of the test has been verified the feasibility that chemical oxygen air regenerating device uses at underground refuge chamber.

3) heat that uses the chemical oxygen air regenerating device of the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate to produce at operational process is controlled, little on the impact of chamber temperature.In process of the test, chemical oxygen air regenerating device surface is between 26.1～37.8 DEG C; Air outlet temperature mainly concentrates between 22～37 DEG C.

4) in the process of the test of whole 19 hours, cave indoor occupant is felt good, and has no adverse reaction.

5) the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate does not produce the material that human body or environment is had to harm in the process using, and secondary adverse reaction can not occur; As the alkaline super-oxide of one, potassium superoxide can neutralize acid toxic and harmful, as: hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous gas, oxynitride etc., possess the special ability of removing the acid toxic and harmful of part.

6) use the storage of chemical oxygen air regenerating device, the convenient transportation of the special potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate, and need not safeguard, greatly reduce the maintenance cost of use, cost performance is good.Device is opened simple, easy to operate, need not complicated special training, and plug and play.

The word in the description orientation that adopted herein " on ", D score, " left side ", " right side " etc. are all convenience in order to illustrate based on the orientation shown in drawing in accompanying drawing, in actual device, these orientation may be different due to the disposing way of device.

Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here cannot give exhaustive to all embodiments.Everyly belong to apparent variation or the still row in protection scope of the present invention of variation that technical scheme of the present invention extends out.

Claims (7)

1. a potassium superoxide air regenerating device for urgent danger prevention under coal mine, comprises apparatus main body, and this apparatus main body is hollow cavity structure, it is characterized in that: described apparatus main body comprises air inlet area, reaction zone and exhaust area from top to bottom successively; Between described air inlet area and reaction zone, be provided with lower ventilative dividing plate, between described reaction zone and exhaust area, be provided with the dividing plate of bleeding; Described reaction zone is equally divided into upper cavity, middle cavity and lower chamber, and in being provided with between three cavitys, ventilative dividing plate, all arranges a potassium superoxide reactor in described upper cavity, middle cavity and lower chamber; On one sidewall of described reaction zone, rotary seal door is set;

High 1625～the 1725mm of described apparatus main body, the long 400～480mm in left and right, wide 310～380mm; Wherein, air inlet area height is 155～165mm; Reaction zone height is 1300～1350; Exhaust area height 170～210mm;

The porosity of described lower ventilative dividing plate is 45～55%; In described, the porosity of ventilative dividing plate is 45～55%; The porosity of dividing plate of bleeding on described is 45～55%;

Described potassium superoxide reactor comprises support and 21～25 blocks of potassium superoxide medicine plates; Described support is provided with corresponding 21～25 and shelves space;

Described potassium superoxide reactor is of a size of: the long wide 250～270mm in the 320～340mm × front and back × high 340～360mm in left and right; Every block of potassium superoxide medicine plate is of a size of: the long wide 210～230mm in the 305～320mm × front and back × thick 4～6mm in left and right; The weight of every block of potassium superoxide medicine plate is: 380～390g.

2. potassium superoxide air regenerating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the porosity of described lower ventilative dividing plate is 50%; In described, the porosity of ventilative dividing plate is 50%; The porosity of dividing plate of bleeding on described is 50%.

3. potassium superoxide air regenerating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described air inlet area, be provided with drawer type dividing plate.

4. potassium superoxide air regenerating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: on described revolving door, be respectively provided with a viewing window respectively on the position of corresponding upper cavity, middle cavity and lower chamber.

5. according to the potassium superoxide air regenerating device described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise a potassium superoxide reactor sealed storage case; Described potassium superoxide reactor external application double-layer films vacuum packaging is also placed in sealed storage case.

6. potassium superoxide air regenerating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described potassium superoxide medicine plate, comprises the raw material of following parts by weight:

Raw oxygen is inhaled 94～96 parts, carbon medicinal powder;

4～6 parts of tougheners;

Described raw oxygen is inhaled the raw material that carbon medicinal powder comprises following weight percent:

KO ₂75～85％；K ₂O ₂8～13％；K ₂O7～12％。

7. potassium superoxide air regenerating device according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described toughener is the long ceramic fibre of 5～10mm; In described raw oxygen suction carbon medicinal powder, also comprise other auxiliary material: 1～3 part of CoSO ₄, 1～3 part of perlite powder and 1～3 part of CuOCl.