CN102874761A - Potassium superoxide medical plate for underground emergency refuge air regeneration device in coal mine and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a potassium superoxide medical plate for an underground emergency refuge air regeneration device in a coal mine. The potassium superoxide medical plate comprises the following raw materials in part by weight: 94 to 96 parts of oxygenating and carbon absorbing medical powder and 4 to 6 parts of reinforcing agents; and the oxygenating and carbon absorbing medical powder comprises 75 to 85 weight percent of KO2, 8 to 13 weight percent of K2O2 and 7 to 12 weight percent of K2O. According to the potassium superoxide medical plate, the content of all active ingredients is appropriate, so that the oxygen releasing rate is reduced, the oxygen is stably and reliably generated, and the ratio of the absorbed carbon dioxide to the released oxygen is matched with the respiratory quotient of a human body; by adding auxiliary adding agents, the porosity of the medical plate is increased under the condition that the structural strength is not changed, so that the carbon dioxide penetration capacity is improved, and absorption of the medical plate to the carbon dioxide is promoted; and the humidity application range of the medical plate is expanded to over 90 percent, but the humidity application range of the conventional potassium superoxide medical plate is not more than 60 percent. The potassium superoxide medical plate is suitable for closed large spaces, high-temperature and high-humidity environments and crowded places.

Description

Potassium superoxide medicine plate and the method for urgent danger prevention air regenerating device under the coal mine

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of air regenerating device, especially relate to special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device under a kind of coal mine and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

Coal mine downhole safety hedging " six large systems " comprises Inspection and monitoring system, Mine Personnel Positioning System, underground emergency avoiding system, mine compressed air self-help system, underground mine water supply sue and labour system and [underground contacted system.Wherein, emergent danger avoiding system under shaft of coal mine is the major tasks during safe " six large systems " is built.Emergent danger avoiding system under shaft of coal mine refers under the coal mine to occur in emergency circumstances, the organic whole that provides facility, equipment, the measure of life support to form for the distress personnel hedging.Over the past two years, national coal mining enterprise carried forward vigorously downhole safety hedging " six large systems " building-up work according to the requirement of " State Council is about the notice of further reinforcement enterprise safety operation work " (No. (2010) 23, promulgated by the State Council).

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, it is basic colliery new type of safe protection system that China proposes first take the emergency-sheltering space, form the rescue network by arranging that in the down-hole life-saving capsule, each system of sanctuary and mine are combined, in coal mining accident, for stranded operating personnel provides the emergency-sheltering space, reduce the coal mining accident mortality ratio.

National security supervision general bureau, national colliery Work Safety Supervision Bureau are respectively on January 25th, 2011 and March 21, unite the regulation that has issued " emergent danger avoiding system under shaft of coal mine implementation management temporary provisions " and " coal mine downhole safety hedging " six large systems " construction is improved fundamental norms (trying) ", " refuge chamber is taked in the coal and gas outburst mine construction; when projecting coal bed Denver Nuggets tunnel length and coal-face strike length surpass 500 meters, must build refuge chamber in 500 meters scopes of distance working face or life-saving capsule is set in requirement.Other mine beyond coal and the Gas Outburst, from the getting working face walking, all can not removing safely in the specified guard time that self-rescuer can provide arrived ground, must build refuge chamber in 1000 meters scopes of getting working face or life-saving capsule is set ".In by the end of June, 2012 before, all coal and gas outburst mines, the mine in the high gas in central enterprise and the State owned coal mine, exploitation easy spontaneous combustion coal seam will be finished the construction Perfect the work of urgent danger prevention system; In by the end of June, 2013 before, the construction Perfect the work of urgent danger prevention system is finished in other all collieries.

According to the investigation of countries in the world to mine accident, in accidents such as fire, blasts the dead miner that comes to harm of on-the-spot moment occuring only accounts for the seldom part of death from accidental injuries total number of persons, most miners all be because after fire, blast timely gug or flee from high density toxic and harmful scene, cause suffocating or being poisoned to death.How after occuring, mine disaster to provide the enclosed space of hiding toxic gas environment and other injury for down-hole trapped survival personnel, for it provides necessary life condition, prolong its survival time, until the rescue personnel arrives, become an important topic of mine rescue.

This when the disaster accident occurs in the down-hole, for providing the enclosed space of life support, the distress personnel that can't in time withdraw is called as the underground emergency danger-avoiding facility.This facility externally can be resisted high-temperature flue gas, and the isolation toxic and harmful internally provides oxygen, food, water, removes toxic and harmful, creates the existence primary condition, for emergency management and rescue create conditions, gain time.

1, the present situation of domestic and international urgent danger prevention system Construction

1.1 producing coal developed country urgent danger prevention system Construction present situation

External general provision, the type of avoiding system is independently selected according to the characteristics of self by coal mining enterprise under the coal mine, to satisfy coal mine down-hole personnel hedging needs as principle.

Canada is after dead 39 people's fire occurs in nineteen twenty-eight Hollinger ore deposit, the elementary refuge chamber (Abandoned Tunnel that seals by the face shield oxygen supply just appears, adopt the mine compressed air system that breathe air is provided), there is not at first the carbon dioxide absorption system, in closed adit, reach 25% less than 10 hours gas concentration lwevels, cause the personnel death.The obnoxious flavour treatment systems such as carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas appearred afterwards, the urgent danger prevention system expanding is to the communication system on life-saving capsule, self-rescuer, straight-through ground, food, drinking-water and the oxygen system in the refuge chamber (life-saving capsule), and Canada carries out by legislation formal compulsion mine.This cover theory is Results, Canadian Saskatchewan sylvite ore presence of fire on January 29th, 2006 accident, and 72 miners in down-hole escape into the down-hole " station of taking refuge ", are all rescued after stranded 36 hours, and sanctuary plays a significant role.At present, Canadian coal mine underground refuge chamber and movable life-escaping capsule outfit ratio are about 1:5, and the movable life-escaping capsule of use is take hardware as main.

The simple and easy sanctuary that South Africa 20 century 70s appearance is introduced blind lane form to pressure ventilation pipe.Urgent danger prevention research is mainly for accidents such as mine explosion, fire, in distance working face certain distance, build sanctuary, be furnished with ventilation installation, emergency number, self-rescuer for subsequent use and tap water, the miner is under the guide of indicator for life saving, evacuate to nearest safe haven in when the effective work of portable self-rescuer, asking, wait rescue.South Africa requires bargh to build safe sanctuary by legislation and includes Lash-up succor system in, and oneself is maturation and effective safety features in the emergency management and rescue of mine, South Africa for down-hole refuge institute.2003 and two the especially big gold mines in South Africa in 2005 successively occur to have a power failure and fire failure, and a down-hole had people more than 3400 at that time, dead 9 people only, and ambulance corps rescues 280 people in each sanctuary of down-hole; Another mine finds that 52 people are missing after 2600 people return ground, find at down-hole refuge two days later, and is all safe and sound.Australia used movable life-escaping capsule always from 2000, also adopt " self-rescuer+relay station " danger-avoiding facility.

The early stage hedging theory of the U.S. starts from refuge chamber research, utilizes cement block to build the divider wall of taking refuge in the down-hole, or helps suspension isolation barrier formation isolation sky at back and two and ask, waits for rescue for meeting calamity miner hedging.This original hedging theory lasts till in January, 2006 state of West Virginia Sago explosion of coal mines accident, it is wrecked that this time accident causes 12 (l people dies instantly, 11 people because of death by suffocation) miners, West Virginia state government takes the lead in the underground emergency danger-avoiding facility is made regulation, and the life-saving capsule product is implemented state government's approval." improve and new emergency reaction method in the mine " given prominence to refuge chamber (Mobile life-saving capsule) and the effect of emergency communication system in the hedging rescue in 2006, and the person includes down-hole refuge in " emergency reaction scheme " to require the mine operation.At present, U.S. colliery is equipped with 1193 in sanctuary (individual) altogether take movable life-escaping capsule as main, and wherein the soft life-saving capsule is 1000, and 123 of hardware formula life-saving capsules, refuge chamber only have 70.Refuge chamber is combined with life-saving capsule, in stratum, mine laneway both sides, directly excavate or utilize existing tunnel to build and form, be arranged on main lane or the escape route, the outfit personnel of keeping survive necessary fresh air, track and localization, emergency communication and food, possess the disaster abilities such as the fire of preventing and explosion, escape route will be made with light reflecting material.

Australia then uses the danger-avoiding facility of " air respiratorresuscitator+gas station ", after disaster accident occurs, distress personnel is worn the self-rescuer of carrying, going to rapidly air respiratorresuscitator deposits a little to change and wears rear escape, to the not enough air rescue beacon of holding time, by the aerating of quick recharge station, perhaps change and join rear escape.

External urgent danger prevention research is at first for metallic ore, research contents concentrates on underground refuge chamber (life-saving capsule) function, arrangement principle, rescue effect assessment and by which kind of mode is implemented, when occuring for disaster accident that the down-hole miner can't in time withdraw in the inevitable situation, the refuge of a safety is provided, thereby prolong rescue time, improve the effect of emergency management and rescue.Australia, the U.S. all can independently produce danger-avoiding facility at present, and wherein Mine ARC, Strata Safety Products, Kennedy have gone to the prostatitis of industry.

1.2 China's urgent danger prevention system Construction present situation

From domestic, simple Chamber is arranged at easy outburst areas that occurs such as adopting, dig working face in domestic colliery, adopts and presses wind to supply gas, and chamber seals, and does not also have the life support systems such as food, communication, and galleryful is less, belongs to the urgent danger prevention System Construction primary stage.After having an accident, these elementary refuge chamber effects are limited, and coal mining enterprise also thinks little of the urgent danger prevention System Construction.Chile in 2010 successfully is rescued after 69 days 33 stranded down-holes of miner, the down-hole Emergency shelter has been brought into play vital role, inspired by this case, country has released domestic coal mine downhole safety hedging " six large systems " construction, requires to strengthen urgent danger prevention systematic study and exploitation.

At present, research and development and the production of domestic existing tens enterprise participation refuge chambers (life-saving capsule) and auxiliary facility propose useful suggestion and method to urgent danger prevention system architecture, arrangement principle, product standard and system implementation.Simultaneously, domestic coal mining enterprise is just in the building-up work of Efforts To Develop avoiding system.According to Coal Industry Society's statistics, ended for the end of the year 2010, total 837 places, colliery that produce per year more than 1,200,000 tons of China, 11000 places, colliery below 1,200,000 tons.Before the end of the year 2011, have nearly hundred at 100 people's scale chambers of building, chamber yet to be built had nearly thousand in 2012.China's avoiding system construction mainly comprises permanent refuge chamber, interim refuge chamber, life-saving capsule, refuge taking route, emergency preplan etc., formed fairly perfect urgent danger prevention system, ten thousand yuan of the about 500-600 of each chamber basis infusion of financial resources, the input that has even more.

1.3 air regenesis Status of Research

The interior air regenesis of enclosed space under the coal mine (refuge chamber and life-saving capsule) comprises provides oxygen and two aspects of gas sweetening.The most important thing is air regenerative system in the urgent danger prevention facility under the coal mine, should guarantee that the inside personnel that take refuge survive, and just must provide respirable O for it sustainedly and stably ₂, again people's Exhaled gasesS is in time processed, absorb CO ₂Deng waste gas.O ₂Be a kind of important integral part in the urgent danger prevention facility air under the coal mine, it is to keep the personnel that take refuge to breathe, and keeps one of key factor of vitality.A grownup on average per hour need consume oxygen 22～25L, O in air ₂When content was lower than 18%, the anoxic symptom will appear in the people; When being down to 10%, the people is gone into a coma; To cause death when being down to 6%.Normal people about 21L that per hour gives off carbon dioxide is in enclosed space, such as untimely elimination CO ₂, only need several hour concentrations just to rise to 1%.The people is exposed to the CO of high density for a long time ₂Can cause the Physiological Psychology pathology in the environment, work as CO ₂When content reaches 5%, breathe and only can keep 30min.Requirement according to " emergent danger avoiding system under shaft of coal mine implementation management temporary provisions ": in whole specified guard time, (be not less than 96 hours), O in the urgent danger prevention facility internal medium ₂Content should be between 18.5%～23%, CO ₂Concentration is not more than 1%.

Coal mine underground refuge chamber or life-saving capsule can not carry out gaseous interchange with the external world as an enclosed space, must take effective artificial atmosphere and regeneration techniques device with its O ₂And CO ₂Concentration is controlled in the standard-required scope, otherwise can cause the most basic normal existence and the very fast forfeiture of working conditions of personnel in the underground emergency danger-avoiding facility, can't survive the long period at all.

At present, enclosed space oxygen-supplying technology commonly used and mode mainly comprise both at home and abroad: oxygen cylinder oxygen supply method, liquid oxygen tank oxygen supply method, pressurized air oxygen supply method, chlorate oxygen candle oxygen supply method, extraordinary oxide compound oxygen supply method, alkaline electrolyte brine electrolysis oxygen supply method, solid state electrolyte (SPE) brine electrolysis oxygen supply method etc.By its principle, these methods can be summarized as four large classes: high pressure oxygen flask method, oxymuriate oxygen candle method, water electrolysis method, extraordinary conventional ceramic technique.

1.3.1 high pressure oxygen flask method

The practical technology of high pressure oxygen flask method mainly contains oxygen cylinder oxygen supply method, pressurized air oxygen supply method and liquid oxygen tank oxygen supply method.

The oxygen cylinder oxygen supply is directly to store purity oxygen with gas cylinder, and decompression is rear for breathing.Compare compression O with air ₂The steel cylinder volume is little, oxygen level is large, and can be converted into after people's respiration and ask to join one isopyknic CO ₂, not affecting each concentration of component of air and pressure in the enclosed space after processed, it becomes the widely used a kind of important oxygen supply mode of domestic and international underground emergency danger-avoiding facility.

Pressurized air can store to provide by mine compressed air pipeline and steel cylinder.Use pressurized air can directly satisfy personnel's breathing in the urgent danger prevention facility under the coal mine, but the mine compressed air pipeline may be damaged when having an accident, cause pipeline to interrupt or break and toxic gas is introduced in the underground emergency danger-avoiding facility.Need a large amount of steel cylinders when using tank of compressed air, be unfavorable in mine or underground emergency danger-avoiding facility, arranging in a large number; The a large amount of N that wherein contain ₂Also can affect each component concentration of air in the underground emergency danger-avoiding facility Deng breathable gas not, increase the pressure release number of times.The mine compressed air pipeline belongs to extraneous input for the underground emergency danger-avoiding facility, can be used as one-level oxygen supply measure, and pneumatic accumulator generally is used as the bailout gas of underground emergency danger-avoiding facility, at normal O ₂For subsequent use or while and high pressure O during supply failure ₂Mix and use, also be used for the pressure exhaust of underground emergency danger-avoiding facility ingress air-exchanging chamber.

The easier restricted shortcoming of the amount of carrying for gaseous oxygen has developed liquid oxygen and has carried technology.Oxygen was in a liquid state in time below-183 ℃, and its density approximately is 1000 times of normal temperature and pressure therapeutic method to keep the adverse qi flowing downward oxygen density, thus with the portable liquid oxygen of the basin of volume much larger than gas oxygen.At present, the method for carrying liquid oxygen adopts in a large number at enclosed spaces such as submarine, spacecrafts, and its main application of carrying liquid oxygen is to provide oxygen source to power set, and the part liquid oxygen is out breathed for personnel after gasification, decompression, mixing from the liquid oxygen tank simultaneously.But, promoting the use of more widely of liquid oxygen tank oxygen supply method must have reliable heat preservation technology, the liquid oxygen tank that uses must adopt the double-layer vacuum design and corresponding safety precautions is set, therefore, liquid oxygen tank oxygen supply method is applied to urgent danger prevention facility under the coal mine, it is larger to implement at present difficulty.

Because the oxygen supply of high pressure oxygen flask method has the advantages such as simple to operate, easy to use, technology maturation, easy care, become a kind of important oxygen supply mode in the home and abroad colliery underground emergency danger-avoiding facility at present.But, the O of high density ₂Be not suitable for direct breathing, generally need through with use after gas or pressurized air in the life-saving capsule mix; Simultaneously, high pressure O ₂Belong to dangerous matter sources in mine, installation, use and maintenance all need stringent regulations.Therefore, the oxygen supply of high pressure oxygen flask method also has certain limitation in the colliery down-hole application.

1.3.2 oxymuriate oxygen candle method

Chlorate oxygen candle oxygen processed is to add the additives such as fuel, chlorine-inhibiting agent, binding agent in sodium chlorate or Potcrate, casts cylindrically, during use it is ignited, and discharges oxygen, so claim oxygen to light up.

Oxygen candle principle of work is that the oxymuriate thermolysis discharges oxygen under the condition that has catalyzer to exist.Oxymuriate decomposes required heat to be provided by metal (Fe, Al, Mn and Mg etc.) dust-firing, and chemical reaction is shown in equation (1)～(3), and M is basic metal in the formula.The oxymuriate thermal response is undertaken by formula (3) when moderate moisture is carried out high temperature by formula (1) and formula (2).If there is water to exist in the oxymuriate pyrolysis, then can produce chlorine, shown in equation (4), and also can produce CO, organism and flue dust in the catalyst reaction process that has such as chemical reaction.

4MClO ₃(heating) → 3MClO ₄+ 4MCl (1)

4MClO ₄(heating) → MCl+2O ₂(2)

2MClO ₃→2MCl+3O ₂ （3）

2MClO ₃(heating) → M ₂O+2.5O ₂+ Cl ₂(4)

The principal feature of chlorate oxygen candle oxygen processed is: easy to use, oxygen is lit up once startup, just can emit whole oxygen; Oxygen candle oxygen storage capacity is large; It is fast to produce oxygen speed, and the performances such as oxygen-producing amount and product oxygen speed are not subjected to temperature, the humidity effect of external environment: volume is unchanged before and after using, and need not aftertreatment.But oxygen is lit up, and in use quantity of heat production is more concentrated, brings certain thermal load to environment for use easily, except producing oxygen, also can produce Cl ₂, harmful gas or other impurity such as CO, cause serious secondary pollution, cause the environment of enclosed space more to worsen.In addition, oxygen is lit up once startup, will discharge whole oxygen, can not automatically stop midway, and speed of response is difficult to control, is difficult to realize the continous-stable oxygen supply.For example, the oxygen candle produced of Britain company can 25min in the time total volume be the O of 720L ₂, this is enough to make volume is 24m ³The space in O ₂Concentration rise to 21% from 18%, be cabin internal pressure about 3000Pa that raises simultaneously, allow the people do not feel like oneself.Therefore, the urgent danger prevention facility should not adopt the oxygen supply of chlorate oxygen candle under the coal mine.

1.3.3 water electrolysis method

Brine electrolysis oxygen supply method mainly comprises the oxygen supply of alkaline electrolyte brine electrolysis and the oxygen supply of solid state electrolyte brine electrolysis.

The brine electrolysis oxygenerator is exactly to utilize electric current to split water into its component hydrogen and the device of oxygen.To be full of after the electrolyzer plugged of electrolytic solution, and just have hydrogen and oxygen to produce, hydrogen and the oxygen of being overflowed by electrolyzer enter respectively hydrogen gas segregator and oxygen separation washer, carry out gas-liquid separation.Hydrogen and oxygen after separating are introduced respectively water scrubber again, further separate and cool off, and then send hydrogen and oxygen.The alkali lye of separator internal reflux is removed impurity and dirt through the alkali lye separator, send electrolyzer back to again and recycle, and the oxygen that produces can be breathed for personnel.The principle equation of its reaction is:

Anode 4OH ^--4e → O ₂+ H ₂O

Negative electrode 2H ₂O+2e → H ₂+ 2OH ^-

Total reaction 2H ₂O → 2H ₂+ O ₂

The principal feature of solid state electrolyte brine electrolysis oxygen supply method is the caustic alkali liquid ionogen that has replaced traditional employing with solid polymer electrolyte (SPE).Hydrogen and oxygen generate at negative electrode and the anode of ionogen both sides respectively, and this ionogen had both been made the medium that conducts electricity, can be used as again the barrier film of isolation hydrogen, carrier of oxygen.So-called solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is actually a kind of perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer thin slice, becomes the good conductor of ion after this material immersion, and its electroconductibility reaches by the migration of oxonium ion under the electric field on film.In conjunction with last layer negative electrode or anode material, just consisted of negative electrode and the anode of electrolyzer cell in this ionogen both sides.When the water supply anode, water is generated oxygen, hydrogen ion and electronics by electrolysis, and hydrogen ion obtains electronics in negative electrode one side and generates hydrogen.The brine electrolysis reaction equation is identical with the alkaline electrolyte brine electrolysis.SPE brine electrolysis device processed is mainly by electrolyzer, separator, interchanger, recycle pump and N ₂The elements such as refining plant form.Brine electrolysis oxygen processed must consume a large amount of electric energy, and equipment volume is huge, and control is complicated; Particularly the existence of its by product H2 is very disadvantageous Hazard Factor to the safety of enclosed space.Obviously, the brine electrolysis oxygenerating technology does not meet without large power supply, without the requirement of potential safety hazard, so it should not adopt in the urgent danger prevention facility under the coal mine.

1.3.4 extraordinary conventional ceramic technique

Extraordinary oxide compound mainly refers to the chemical substances such as Potassium peroxide, sodium peroxide, potassium superoxide, sodium superoxide, super calcium oxide.They can with the carbonic acid gas generation oxygen that reacts, have oxygen supply and absorbing carbon dioxide dual-use function, namely can efficiently remove the carbonic acid gas in the closed environment, generate simultaneously required oxygen.This technology as impermeable gas-proof mask, is used for the personal protection of Nuclear weapons and chemical warfare being used for during the Second World War military purposes.At present, domestic and international a large amount of this technology of application in submarine, bathyscaph, national defence fortification, spaceship, mountain-climbing oxygen uptake, mine accident first aid under water, the task of execution supply oxygen, removing carbonic acid gas.But, there is no the relevant report that this technology is used for urgent danger prevention facility under the coal mine in the domestic and foreign literature.

Three kinds of methods such as above-mentioned high pressure oxygen flask method, oxymuriate oxygen candle method, water electrolysis method are all because can not having special supporting carbon dioxide absorption technical equipment by absorbing carbon dioxide, greatly increased the complicacy of equipment and the difficulty that operation is used, and extraordinary oxide compound oxygen supply method has the technical superiority of absorbing carbon dioxide releasing oxygen dual-use function.

Potassium superoxide (KO ₂) be a kind of important basic metal super-oxide, physical behavior is a kind of buff powder, tack is better, easy pressurizing binding, sealed storage good stability under the normal temperature.Because it is abundant wherein to contain oxygen, need not the special reaction condition and get final product carbonic acid gas or the living reaction of steeping in water for reconstitution, emit a large amount of oxygen, be the agent of a kind of desirable solid state chemistry storage oxygen.In addition, at KO ₂With the KOH(potassium hydroxide that generates after the water reaction) be a kind of highly basic, can with sour gas CO in the reactant gases ₂Reaction generates K ₂CO ₃(salt of wormwood) even further generate KHCO ₃(saleratus) absorbs CO thereby reach ₂Purpose, therefore, the double CO that is simultaneously again ₂The purification medicament.Because the characteristic of itself from the forties, just is used in personal breathing apparatuss of oxygen supply such as mine, fire-fighting, mountain-climbing gradually, until in control such as the environment of space flight afterwards, submarine etc. and the life-support system.

But, KO ₂Application also have many problems to need to solve.Its reaction mechanism and final product will be subject to environmental factors such as humiture, CO ₂The impact of the factors such as concentration.Uncontrollable such as reaction environment, then reaction process is restive, the easily excessive oxygen of putting may occur, and the too much volumetric expansion that absorbs water causes system jams to lose efficacy, and system can not be interrupted the problems such as use.

In the world for KO ₂The research peak concentrate on the initial stage sixties to the eighties, the various documents and materials of delivering this period are a lot.During this period, take Russia as representative, Main Countries basis needs separately are to KO ₂-H ₂O-CO ₂Reactive system compares comprehensive research, understood the reaction mechanism of system, carry out qualitative examination and reaction heat etc. has been done quantitative assay for the impact of physics, chemistry and the reaction conditions in the external world, also provide many useful experiences to designing practical reactor.Contemporaneity, they have also designed a lot of reaction unit research experiment and have been used for different purposes, have accumulated many design experiences.But, KO ₂Reaction process is very complicated, and reaction process and reaction final state are subject to the impact of many factors.So, in each new Application Areas, all must re-start experimental study and system design according to working conditions, and a kind of system success is applied in the development and design that depends on to a great extent reactor.

As far back as during the Second World War, American Mining Safety-One A/S (Mine Safety Appliances Company, MSA) has just developed and has used KO ₂Breathing apparatus of oxygen supply Chemox as oxygen source.Be used as individual protective equipment by United States Navy and air force behind this device, this is a kind of enclosed individual protective equipment, has oxygen supply concurrently and eliminates CO ₂Function, can be used for mephitical hazardous environment.After this, similarly device is widely used in all conglomeraties such as mining, fire-fighting, mountain climbing expedition so far.

Because KO ₂The gap of the complicacy of reactive system and working conditions (the breathing severe degree when total reaction time, personnel's individual difference, work etc.), the individual rescue apparatus guarantees its net cycle time by the method for guarding powder charge, therefore, the efficient of this class device is usually all very low.

From nineteen sixty, USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) just adopts KO from the manned early-stage Study stage that simulation dummy and animal are carried ₂Main oxygen source and CO as life support system ₂Absorption agent, and in VOSTOK spacecraft in 1961, obtain the first successful Application of manned spaceship.After this, the Russia (USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)) in spaceborne life support system until SOYUZ spacecraft utilizes KO always ₂(produce oxygen and eliminate CO as the air regenesis medicament ₂).

1.3.5 air regenesis technology existing problems

At present, domestic colliery avoiding system air regenerative system substantially all adopts the compressed oxygen oxygen-supplying technology, needs to use in refuge chamber or life-saving capsule a large amount of high-pressure oxygen cylinders.According to statistics, the colliery refuge chamber needs the hyperbaric oxygen bottle generally to be no less than 60, when adopting the compression arbon dioxide refrigeration almost near 200.

The hyperbaric oxygen bottle is hazardous substance, and the oxygen cylinder specification is generally 40 liters, and pressure is 15 MPas, about 150 standard atmospheric pressures.Oxygen cylinder is high pressure vessel; wanting filling pressure in the bottle is the oxygen of 150 normal atmosphere (15 MPa); bottled oxygen is intense oxidant, so producing, transportation, handling and safeguard, does not pass a test, carries bump, improper use etc. and often can cause an explosion accident if oxygen bottle quality occurs.In case accident occurs, its destructive force is quite large.

Except the danger that high-pressure oxygen cylinder itself exists, high-pressure oxygen cylinder also exists from revealing, and high pressure gas moment leakage also can affect personnel's life and health, and especially the oxygen cylinder leakage rate of China is higher, has more increased Hazard Factor; High-pressure oxygen cylinder needs every year and is transported to the ground tonifying Qi once, is transported to ground professional institution detection steel cylinder in per 3 years, and maintenance cost is also higher.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device under a kind of coal mine.This medicine plate can be realized reducing and put oxygen speed, and during actual the use, it is steadily reliable that potassium superoxide medicine plate produces oxygen, and its absorbing carbon dioxide is emitted ratio and the human body respiration entropy coupling of oxygen; By increasing supplementary additive, in the situation of change structure intensity not, increase the porosity of medicine plate, promote the raising of the penetrativity of carbonic acid gas, thereby promote the medicine plate to the absorption of carbonic acid gas; Enlarged use range, this medicine dedicated plate is extended to humidity range more than 90%, and existing medicine plate is applicable to humidity and is no more than 60%; This medicine dedicated plate is applicable to airtight large space, high temperature, high humidity environment, and crowded place.

Second technical problem that the present invention will solve provides the preparation method of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device under a kind of coal mine.

For solving above-mentioned first technical problem, the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device under a kind of coal mine of the present invention comprises the raw material of following parts by weight:

Give birth to oxygen and inhale 94～96 parts in carbon medicinal powder;

4～6 parts of tougheners;

Described living oxygen is inhaled the raw material that comprises following weight percent in the carbon medicinal powder:

KO ₂ 75～85％；K ₂O ₂ 8～13％；K ₂O 7～12％。

Further, described toughener is the long ceramic fibre of 5～10mm.

Further, described living oxygen is inhaled and is also comprised other auxiliary material in the carbon medicinal powder: 1～3 part of CoSO ₄, 1～3 part of perlite powder and 1～3 part of CuOCl.

Further, long 305～320 * wide by 210～230 * thick 4～6mm of the physical dimension of described special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate, weight 380～390g.

The personnel that take refuge carry out respiratory activity in the urgent danger prevention facility under coal mine, carry out physiological metabolism in human body.In metabolic process, the oxygen and carbohydrate, fat, the protein that suck in the human organism play oxygenizement, generate carbonic acid gas and water.Therefore, the carbonic acid gas volume that spues in breathing of people is slightly smaller than the oxygen volume of suction.With characteristics of contaminated respiratory droplets CO ₂Be defined as respiratory quotient or respiratory quotient (R.Q.) with the ratio of the oxygen volume that sucks, respiratory quotient gets 0.85～0.90 usually.In order to judge the effect of air regenesis medicament absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, Kp weighs with gain factor, and it is the ratio that discharges whole oxygen volumes and absorbing carbon dioxide volume after the reaction:

$K_p=\frac{V_{O_2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V\; CO"\; filenames="HDA00002124910700012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_{}}}$

Gain factor K _pAlso can represent that gain factor and respiratory quotient are reciprocal relations with the ratio of absorbing carbon dioxide with the mole number of releasing oxygen, in the ideal case, medicament gain factor and people's respiratory quotient should be mated, thereby reaches the purpose of air regenesis.

If people's respiratory quotient gets 0.8, namely suck the oxygen of 1 volume, the carbonic acid gas of 0.8 volume of breathing out, the gain factor K of the regenerative agent that is complementary so therewith _pShould be:

$K_p=\frac{V_{O_2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V\; CO"\; filenames="HDA00002124910700012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_{}}}=\frac{1}{0.8}=1.25$

The gain factor of basic metal super-oxide (or super-oxide) can calculate by following formula:

Draw according to table 1 correlation data calculation, the gain factor of basic metal super-oxide is 0.5, and the gain factor of super-oxide is 1.5.

Each component of medicine plate and CO ₂Reaction formula be respectively:

2KO ₂+CO ₂＝K ₂CO ₃+3/2O ₂ (19)

K ₂O ₂+CO ₂＝K ₂CO ₃+1/2O ₂ (20)

K ₂O+CO ₂＝K ₂CO ₃ (21)

The mol number of each component of 1000g medicament calculates (with KO ₂75%; K ₂O ₂13%; K ₂O 12% calculates):

Molecular weight: M (KO ₂)=71.0971; M (K ₂O ₂)=110.1954;

M(K ₂O)=94.196；M(CO2)=44.0098。

KO ₂The mol number:

$n\left({\mathrm{KO}}_2\right)=\frac{m\left({\mathrm{KO}}_2\right)}{M\left({\mathrm{KO}}_2\right)}=\frac{750}{71.0971}=10.55\mathrm{mol}$

According to the corresponding CO that consumes of reaction formula (10) ₂The mol number:

$n_1\left({\mathrm{CO}}_2\right)=\frac{1}{2}n\left({\mathrm{KO}}_2\right)=5.275\mathrm{mol}$

The O that produces ₂The mol number:

$n_1\left(O_2\right)=\frac{3}{2}{n}_1\left({\mathrm{CO}}_2\right)=7.9125\mathrm{mol}$

K ₂O ₂The mol number:

$n\left(K_2{O}_2\right)=\frac{m\left(K_2{O}_2\right)}{M\left(K_2{O}_2\right)}=\frac{130}{110.1954}=1.18\mathrm{mol}$

According to the corresponding CO that consumes of reaction formula (10) ₂The mol number:

n ₂(CO ₂)=n(K ₂O ₂)=1.18mol

The O that produces ₂The mol number:

$n_2\left(O_2\right)=\frac{1}{2}{n}_2\left({\mathrm{CO}}_2\right)=0.59\mathrm{mol}$

K ₂The mol number of O:

$n\left(K_{2}O\right)=\frac{m\left(K_{2}O\right)}{M\left(K_{2}O\right)}=\frac{120}{94.196}=1.27\mathrm{mol}$

According to the corresponding CO that consumes of reaction formula (12) ₂The mol number:

n ₃(CO ₂)=n(K ₂O)=1.27mol

The total CO that absorbs ₂The mol number be:

n(CO ₂)=n ₁(CO ₂)+n ₂(CO ₂)+n ₃(CO ₂)=7.725mol

The O that produces ₂Total mol number is:

n(O ₂)=n ₁(O ₂)+n ₂(O ₂)=8.5025mol

The total CO that absorbs ₂The mol number and the O of generation ₂The ratio of total mol number is:

$\frac{n\left({\mathrm{CO}}_2\right)}{n\left(O_2\right)}=\frac{7.725\mathrm{mol}}{8.5025\mathrm{mol}}=0.876$

As previously mentioned, respiratory quotient is characteristics of contaminated respiratory droplets CO ₂Amount and the ratio that sucks oxygen-consumption, it is relevant with human diet kind and anthropochemistry.The normal range of respiratory quotient is between 1～0.7, and respiratory quotient gets 0.85～0.90 usually.Can find out that from above calculating medicine dedicated plate of the present invention and personnel's respiratory quotient matching are fine.

For solving above-mentioned second technical problem, the preparation method of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device comprises the steps: under a kind of coal mine of the present invention

1) raw material is prepared: first with the drying treatment of toughener through 200～250 ℃ of temperature, inhale carbon medicinal powder by weight giving birth to oxygen: the ratio of toughener=94～96:4～6 will be given birth to oxygen and be inhaled carbon medicinal powder and put into blender with toughener and mix 0.5～1.5h, add other auxiliary material, obtain evenly loose batch mixing;

2) medicine plate compacting: weigh 395 ± 15 gram batch mixings, in the template die of packing into, after paving, suppress with hydropress, pressure-controlling is 9～10MPa), the medicine plate thickness 4～6mm of press forming, envrionment temperature is controlled between 10 ℃～20 ℃, and humidity is controlled in 30%～40% scope;

3) the medicine plate is shaped: the medicine plate after the compacting is made rectangle medicine plate at last through operations such as thermal treatment, repairings, long 305～320 * wide by 210～230 * thick 4～6mm of physical dimension, weight 380～390g.76.81 liters of theoretical oxygen-producing amounts.

Further, described toughener is the long ceramic fibre of 5～10mm.

The test of potassium superoxide medicine plate:

To develop the physical and chemical stability that potassium superoxide air regenesis medicine plate uses in order verifying, to have carried out correlation test.

1, oven test

Moulding medicine plate is put into baking box (100 ℃) and direct the baked wheaten cake, and the medicine plate is without distortion, without burning, and physical stability is strong.

2, infiltrate test

Moulding medicine plate is placed on cotton, cotton and the newspaper more than the 1h, and cotton, cotton and newspaper are not any change totally as before.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

1, the content of the various active principles of potassium superoxide medicine plate is moderate, realizes reducing putting oxygen speed.During actual the use, it is steadily reliable that potassium superoxide medicine plate produces oxygen, and its absorbing carbon dioxide is emitted ratio and the human body respiration entropy coupling of oxygen;

2, by increasing supplementary additive, in the situation of change structure intensity not, increase the porosity of medicine plate, promote the raising of the penetrativity of carbonic acid gas, thereby promote the medicine plate to the absorption of carbonic acid gas;

3, medicine plate of the present invention is extended to the humidity scope of application more than 90%, and existing potassium superoxide medicine plate is applicable to humidity and is no more than 60%.

4, existing potassium superoxide medicine plate is applicable to that the space is relatively narrow and small, personnel are relatively less, and temperature, humidity change little environment; Medicine plate of the present invention is applicable to airtight large space, high temperature, high humidity environment, and crowded place.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.

Fig. 1 is for using the air regenerating device distribution plan of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate in the test of simulation chamber;

Fig. 2 is for testing oxygen and carbonic acid gas at the test point distribution plan of the distribution in chamber space in the test of simulation chamber;

Fig. 3 is oxygen and carbon dioxide content temporal evolution graphic representation among the hundred people live tests of Kong Zhuan ore deposit; As can be seen from Figure 3, in the whole process of the test, between 20.1～22.3%, carbon dioxide content is between 0.18～0.84% all the time for oxygen content, and near relatively stable remaining on 0.6% meets country's " temporary provisions " allowed band.It is the process that reduces gradually that the rear oxygen content of reaction beginning begins, and oxygen concentration reduces as far as possible 20.1% after 2 hours, illustrates that chemical oxygen generation reacts about 2 hours of start time; Begin to raise thereafter, process about 4 as a child oxygen content reaches 22.0%, the chemical drugs plate consumes subsequently, oxygen content is down to 21.2% after 5 hours, consider oxygen supply safety, increase reaction medicine plate this moment, content has a larger increase during the steady state of oxygen content before, it is about 22.3% that maximum reaches, and is plateau afterwards always.In the reaction process, the logarithm of oxygen content and carbon dioxide content rate of change becomes inverse variation trend, illustrate in the chemical oxygen generation process, the increase of oxygen concentration and gas concentration lwevel be lowered into direct ratio.Can draw by total chemical equation, over a period to come, carbonic acid gas and oxygen total content and mean value concentration keep relative stability; The increase of gas concentration lwevel promotes the chemical oxygen generation process.

Fig. 4 is the interior carbon monoxide of chamber and methane content change curve among the hundred people live tests of Kong Zhuan ore deposit; Fig. 4 reacts the variation of the interior carbon monoxide of chamber and methane content.Can find out that the process of the test carbon monoxide content is lower than 20ppm, methane gas content is lower than 0.09%, all in the scope of country's " temporary provisions ".Personnel feel good in the chamber, without uncomfortable symptom;

Fig. 5 is the change curve of temperature and humidity in the chamber among the hundred people live tests of Kong Zhuan ore deposit; As can be seen from Figure 5, in the whole process of the test, outside of deivce is between 26.1～37.8 ℃, and the air outlet temperature mainly concentrates in 22～37 ℃ of scopes, and chamber temperature basic controlling is below 30 ℃, and humidity remains on below 80% substantially; Chamber humidity has a sharply rising from 17:00, and reason may be to open air-conditioning this moment, because air-conditioning is to blow the ice refrigeration, so larger on the ambient moisture impact, humidity increases apparent in view; After 21.:30 increased reaction medicine plate, because potassium superoxide has very strong dehumidifying effect, so humidity progressively reduced again.It can also be seen that from figure it is slightly influential to temperature in the chamber that device produces heat, but in controlled range; In the whole process of the test, temperature and humidity meets country's " temporary provisions " fully to the requirement of temperature, humidity in the chamber.

Fig. 6 is chamber air outlet temperature and oxygen variation relation graphic representation among the hundred people live tests of Kong Zhuan ore deposit; As can be seen from Figure 6, along with the air outlet temperature increases, oxygen content has increase trend, illustrates that speed of response is than very fast.But tend to be steady after air outlet temperature behind the 1:00 descends suddenly, oxygen content also tends to be steady gradually.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

The special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device under a kind of coal mine comprises the raw material of following parts by weight:

Give birth to oxygen and inhale 94 parts in carbon medicinal powder;

6 parts of ceramic fibres;

Described living oxygen is inhaled the raw material that comprises following weight percent in the carbon medicinal powder:

KO ₂ 75％；K ₂O ₂ 13％；K ₂O 12％。

Described living oxygen is inhaled in the carbon medicinal powder and is also comprised 1 part of CoSO ₄, 3 parts of perlite powder and 1 part of CuOCl;

Long 305 * wide by the 230 * thick 4mm of the physical dimension of described special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate, weight 380～390g.

The preparation method of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device comprises the steps: under a kind of above-mentioned coal mine

1) raw material preparation: the ceramic fibre that 5mm is long is inhaled carbon medicinal powder through the drying treatment of 200 ℃ of temperature by weight giving birth to oxygen first: the ratio of ceramic fibre=94:6 will be given birth to oxygen suction carbon medicinal powder and be put into blender mixing 0.5h with ceramic fibre, add 1 part of CoSO again ₄, 3 parts of perlite powder and 1 part of CuOCl, obtain evenly loose batch mixing;

2) medicine plate compacting: weigh 395 ± 15 gram batch mixings, in the template die of packing into, after paving, suppress with hydropress, pressure-controlling is 9MPa, the medicine plate thickness 4mm of press forming, and envrionment temperature is controlled at 10 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 30%;

3) the medicine plate is shaped: the medicine plate after the compacting is made rectangle medicine plate at last through operations such as thermal treatment, repairings, long 305 * wide by the 230 * thick 4mm of physical dimension, weight 380～390g.

Embodiment 2

The special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device under a kind of coal mine comprises the raw material of following parts by weight:

Give birth to oxygen and inhale 96 parts in carbon medicinal powder;

4 parts of ceramic fibres;

Described living oxygen is inhaled the raw material that comprises following weight percent in the carbon medicinal powder:

KO ₂ 85％；K ₂O ₂ 8％；K ₂O 7％。

Described living oxygen is inhaled and is also comprised other auxiliary material in the carbon medicinal powder: 3 parts of CoSO ₄, 1 part of perlite powder and 3 parts of CuOCl;

Long 320 * wide by the 210 * thick 6mm of the physical dimension of described special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate, weight 380～390g.

The preparation method of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device comprises the steps: under a kind of above-mentioned coal mine

1) raw material is prepared: the ceramic fibre that 10mm is long is through the drying treatment of 250 ℃ of temperature first, inhale carbon medicinal powder by weight giving birth to oxygen: the ratio of ceramic fibre=96:4 will be given birth to oxygen suction carbon medicinal powder and be put into blender mixing 1.5h with ceramic fibre, add 3 parts of CoSO again ₄, 1 part of perlite powder and 3 parts of CuOCl, obtain evenly loose batch mixing;

2) medicine plate compacting: weigh 395 ± 15 gram batch mixings, in the template die of packing into, after paving, suppress with hydropress, pressure-controlling is 10MPa, the medicine plate thickness 6mm of press forming, and envrionment temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 40%;

3) the medicine plate is shaped: the medicine plate after the compacting is made rectangle medicine plate at last through operations such as thermal treatment, repairings, long 320 * wide by the 210 * thick 6mm of physical dimension, weight 380～390g.

Embodiment 3

The special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device under a kind of coal mine comprises the raw material of following parts by weight:

Give birth to oxygen and inhale 95 parts in carbon medicinal powder;

5 parts of ceramic fibres;

Described living oxygen is inhaled the raw material that comprises following weight percent in the carbon medicinal powder:

KO ₂ 80％；K ₂O ₂ 10％；K ₂O 10％。

Described living oxygen is inhaled in the carbon medicinal powder and is also comprised 2 parts of CoSO ₄, 2 parts of perlite powder and 2 parts of CuOCl;

Long 310～320 * wide by 210～230 * thick 4～6mm of the physical dimension of described special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate, weight 380～390g.

The preparation method of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device comprises the steps: under a kind of above-mentioned coal mine

1) raw material is prepared: the ceramic fibre that 5～10mm is long is through the drying treatment of 200～250 ℃ of temperature first, inhale carbon medicinal powder by weight giving birth to oxygen: the ratio of ceramic fibre=94～96:4～6 will be given birth to oxygen and be inhaled carbon medicinal powder and put into blender with ceramic fibre and mix 0.5～1.5h, add 1～3 part of CoSO again ₄, 1～3 part of perlite powder and 1～3 part of CuOCl, obtain evenly loose batch mixing;

2) medicine plate compacting: weigh 395 ± 15 gram batch mixings, in the template die of packing into, after paving, suppress with hydropress, pressure-controlling is 9～10MPa, the medicine plate thickness 4～6mm of press forming, envrionment temperature is controlled between 10 ℃～20 ℃, and humidity is controlled in 30%～40% scope;

3) the medicine plate is shaped: the medicine plate after the compacting is made rectangle medicine plate at last through operations such as thermal treatment, repairings, long 310～320 * wide by the 220 * thick 5mm of physical dimension, weight 380～390g.

Special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate of the present invention application test in practice:

One, simulation chamber test

1, test objective

Under the test simulation coal mine refuge chamber environment, the potassium superoxide air regenerating device produces oxygen and carbon dioxide assimilation effect and air equiblibrium mass distribution situation.

2, test conditions

The simulation chamber adopts the thick insulation color steel of 75mm to build; For warranty test carries out smoothly, chamber adopts gas-tight design, but heating and moistening; Colliery simulation chamber is divided into personnel chamber and transition chamber, and a flexible door curtain is carried additionally in the centre, two-layer gas-tight door, one of viewing window.

This participates in test number 21 people, test period 12 hours.

This test shares 2 air regenerating devices that use the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plates, the simulation chamber on the right side, rear row is middle respectively places a (see figure 1), consumes altogether 48 of special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plates.

Test initial environment: oxygen concentration 20.6%, 16 ℃ of temperature, humidity 65%.Adopt the M40 Portable comprehensive tester to measure the gases such as oxygen, utilize the MA survey meter to measure gas concentration lwevel.

3, analysis of experiments

This test main test oxygen and carbonic acid gas are in the distribution in chamber space.

This experimental selection 21 test point, following (see figure 2) distributes.Be divided into A, B, C, D, E, F and seven surveys line of G, every survey line divides high, medium and low layout three measuring points.

Carried out altogether 5 tests, it is 0.1% that the oxygen concentration in each place that the same time records differs minimum, is 0.4% to the maximum, and each measuring point oxygen content of average out to 0.2%(sees Table 1).Test at ordinary times CO ₂And O ₂Sampling spot is G2; Temperature, humidity sampling spot are D2.

Each measuring point oxygen content table (%) of table 1

4, conclusion (of pressure testing)

1) can draw safe regenerating unit dependable performance by testing us, produce the oxygen safety and steady, oxygen content remains between 20.2～21%, and gas concentration lwevel is below 0.7%.Oxygen content is evenly distributed in the simulation chamber, and in each position of chamber, the measuring point of height, same time measurement data differ and are no more than 0.4%.

2) in whole process of the test, chamber temperature, humidity are all controlled preferably; Methane, hydrogen sulfide are all in the scope of national regulation; Personnel feel good in the chamber, without uncomfortable symptom.Monitoring index all meets the relevant temporary provisions of country, and process of the test has been verified the feasibility that the potassium superoxide air regenerating device is used at underground refuge chamber.

Two, Kong Zhuan ore deposit hundred people live tests

Large village company Kong Zhuan colliery is according to " State Council is about the notice (No. ［ 2010 ］ 23, promulgated by the State Council) of further reinforcement enterprise safety operation work " and " Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of country of State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision improves the notice (the total coal of safety supervision fills [2010] No. 146) of coal mine downhole safety hedging " six large systems " about construction " requirement, gradual perfection monitoring and controlling system, Mine Personnel Positioning System, urgent danger prevention system, compressed-air self-help system, water supply sue and labour system and ventilation contacted system 6 large safe systems.

The structure of Kong Zhuan colliery urgent danger prevention system is the process of a gradual perfection.At present, 4 permanent refuge chambers are being set up in the Kong Zhuan colliery stage by stage, 2 interim refuge chambers, and the construction project of 6 urgent danger prevention facilities such as movable life-escaping capsule, and set up gradually the safety precaution network that covers full mine.

1, Kong Zhuan ore deposit basic condition

It is 1,500,000 ton/years (2009) that ability is appraised and decided in the coal mine production of the village, hole, 48 years [undergrouves.I 6 exploiting fields, Kong Zhuan colliery produce at present, be Kong Zhuan ore deposit main force exploiting field, this arrangement of mining area track go down the hill (1130 meters ,-20 degree, 10.5 square metres of net sections), belt goes down the hill (940 meters,-16 degree, 14.2 square metres of net sections), the pedestrian go down the hill (1130 meters ,-20 degree, 14.2 square metres of net sections) three go down the hill, according to new " safety regulations " requirement, again complement the Special back air way.Parking lot, top, exploiting field is flatcar field forward, and middle yard is the one-sided field of uncoupling.400 tons of district coal bin capacity.

According to " Datun Coal and Power Co.'s urgent danger prevention overall system design scheme ", at I ₆Arrange 1 permanent refuge chamber near-350 parking lots, serve I ₆One in exploiting field is combined and is adopted team, two development end, exploiting field track, the operator of People's Bank of China, service number 70 people.

Kong Zhuan colliery I ₆Exploiting field refuge chamber inner body is comprised of transition chamber and existence chamber, and existence district overall length 27.8m is made of existence chamber useful area 110m transition chamber and existence chamber ², specified galleryful 100 people.In without any extraneous situation about supporting, specified guard time is not less than 96 hours.

The chamber structure design meets national relevant regulations, is furnished with sprinkling system, compression oxygen system, presses wind oxygen system, refrigeration system, purification system, dehumidification system, communication system, monitoring and controlling system, waterworks, personnel location system, power and lighting system and subsystem etc.By University of Science ﹠ Technology, Beijing and Datun Coal and Power Co. the chamber indices has been carried out joint test after chamber builds up, wherein in the resistance to air loss bulge test, the maximum differential pressure peak value reaches 12000pa, and the chamber resistance to air loss is good, and the parameters index meets national relevant regulations.

2, test is prepared

Establish pilot command section in video monitoring chamber, ground, be responsible for and the interior personnel's communication and coordination of chamber; On duty group of 3 scenes of down-hole chamber peripheral hardware (taking turns at keeping watch for 3 groups) comprise the personnel of ambulance corps and medical personnel, and carry required equipment and medical treatment product, process emergency situations; 100 people are comprised of large village company, middle coal electric corporation, upper marine Yao company, the permanent letter company in Beijing and the related personnel of University of Science ﹠ Technology, Beijing in the chamber, and have set up commander in chief, vice president commander and each head tester; And mobilization and special training have been carried out to participating in the chamber testing crew.

3, testing apparatus is prepared

Chemical oxygen generation air regenerative system configuration: 10 of air regenerating devices; 100 of medicine plate work boxs (including 1200 of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plates); 8 of storage cabinets (2 of actual loads); 1000 kilograms of soda-lime (carbon-dioxide absorbent); 500 kilograms in siccative; 200 of medicine plates for subsequent use.

Wherein, chemical oxygen generation air regenesis unit comprises the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of 3 the present invention plate reaction member, the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of in-built 24 the present invention of each reaction member maximum capacity plate, operating ambient temperature 5-50 ℃, Working environment humidity 10-90%.The special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate base specification (sheet) of the present invention: physical dimension 315 * 220 * 6mm, the about 385g of weight, theoretical oxygen-producing amount are 76.81 liters, 3 reaction members of air regenerating device can once provide 5530 liters of oxygen; Do not need the extra power support during work of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate, take out during work and take apart in the sealing embedding device and can use; Can be according to the air actual state in the chamber, Meter Test data and the oxygen plate working hour plate of more changing dressings, and by the plate of more changing dressings infinitely prolonged its working hour.The special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate leaves in the storage cabinet, and storage cabinet can be placed in optional position in the chamber, such as transition chamber.

4, testing program

1) conceptual design

10 of chemical oxygen air regenerating devices are installed in this test altogether in chamber, 2 one group of dispersed placement, and totally 5 groups, install by wall, in personnel's seat, reserve the position, staggered arrangement, every group of device interval is less than 7 meters.

Satisfy in the chamber 100 people under closed state for the demand of oxygen with to discharging the processing of carbonic acid gas, the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate can provide the oxygen of satisfying the demand and sponge most of carbonic acid gas, but because of density of personnel in the chamber large, the moisture of discharging is higher, the carbon dioxide absorption rate is (according to the data of test of many times) about 0.8, need to increase the partial CO 2 absorption agent, be not more than 1% with the control gas concentration lwevel, it is 1000 kilograms of 30% soda-lime that specific absorption is prepared in this test.In addition, as 500 kilograms of auxiliary carbon dioxide absorption removal moisture drying agent.

2) oxygen-supplying amount

According to national relevant regulations, refuge chamber oxygen system per minute supply be not less than 0.5 liter/people/minute, 100 people's per minute supplys are not less than 50 liter/mins of clocks, and this chemistry should oxygen test period processed tentatively arrange 24 hours, amounts to oxygen requirement 0.5 * 60 * 24 * 100=72000 liter.

Calculate with 24 hours chemical oxygen generation test periods, 21.0% change the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate when following when oxygen concentration descends, changed the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of a collection of the present invention plate (according to instrument detection case decision in the test) in about every 6-8 hour; Whole experimental session needs about 1200 of medicine plate amount, considers test leeway, and this test is equipped with 200 of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention for subsequent use plates again, all is contained in advance in the reactor and sealing.Whole medicine plates oxygen storage capacity altogether: (1200+200) * the 76.81=100000 liter, be far longer than 72000 liters of 24 hours oxygen requirements of 100 people, can satisfy 100 people, 24 hour call oxygen absorbeds.

5, testing tool

1) test apparatus

In chamber, the various monitoring sensors of original layout, also comprise:

(1) CD4 multiparameter gas determinator: mainly detect oxygen (O ₂), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH ₄), hydrogen sulfide (H ₂S) gas concentration, useful range is respectively: methane: 0～4.00%; Carbon monoxide: 0～1000ppm; Oxygen: 0～25.0%; Hydrogen sulfide: 0.0～100.0ppm.

(2) CRG4H infrared carbon dioxide tester: mainly detect gas concentration lwevel, useful range 0～5.000%.

(3) hand-held infrared temperature tester: mainly detect chamber wall temperature, internal space temperature, device body surface and internal temperature, useful range-20 ℃～+ 500 ℃.

(4) humidometer: useful range 10～95%.

2) measuring point is arranged

6 test point are set in that chamber existence is indoor, measuring point evenly distributes at chamber, and measuring point is distributed in apart from the high position of 1.5m, chamber ground.

6 test processs

1) test phase

In the process of the test, minute the unloading phase, two stages of steady stage carry out, and record respectively temperature, humidity, the CH of inner each measuring point of chamber ₄Concentration, CO ₂Concentration, O ₂Concentration, H ₂S concentration and CO change in concentration situation.

The unloading phase: the purpose in this stage is test set start time.After the explosion-proof sealed door of chamber is closed, start each life-support system of chamber and start this device, until oxygen concentration is stablized half an hour.

Steady stage: the purpose in this stage mainly is the variation of the oxygen delivery capacity of test set and carbon dioxide absorption, other gas content.When oxygen concentration in the chamber does not change, enter the steady stage within half an hour.

2) process of the test

(1) February 17 8:00, personnel begin to go into the well, and enter chamber in 9: 45, close four road protective doors, check the number in chamber and take one's seat;

(2) begin test 10 o'clock sharps of February 17 after ground command center issues an order, when carrying out the data collection task of chamber inner base, the chemical oxygen device begins to place the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate, and after about 15 minutes, device is started working;

(3) according to the situation of cave simulation laboratory test on the 14th, this tests 2 of the reaction units that every equipment is placed the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of 23 the present invention plates, be placed on from bottom to top the first and second reaction compartments of number, count 46 medicine plates, full chamber uses 460 of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plates for the first time;

(4) in the process of the test, temperature, humidity, the CH of inner each measuring point of record chamber ₄Concentration, CO ₂Concentration, O ₂Concentration, H ₂S concentration and CO change in concentration, reaction unit internal temperature, outside of deivce temperature and air outlet temperature conditions;

(5) the device start time is about 2 hours, and within start time, oxygen concentration descends, and gas concentration lwevel rises, and oxygen concentration is near 20%, and gas concentration lwevel is near 0.9%.After the normal startup of equipment, oxygen concentration rises, and gas concentration lwevel descends, and keeps normal level always.

(6) late 10 points, equipment work is after 14 hours, and oxygen and carbon dioxide indicator are normal, and headquarters determine that chemical oxygen oxygen supply test extends to second day 6 points.Take into account into night, original medicine plate has tired phenomenon simultaneously, increase the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate medicine plate and amount to 360, every table apparatus uses three reaction compartments, order is: the reactor in former 1 space is put into 3 spaces, the reactor in 2 spaces is put into 1 space, and the reactor of newly inserting is put into 2 spaces.

(7) 1:30 divides, because personnel's majority enters sleep state, oxygen content rises, and has closed the air door of whole devices, keeps oxygen content to be in standard state.

(8) February 17,4:30 divided, and end in 5 o'clock is tested in the oxygen supply of ground notification chemical oxygen, and voltage supply wind 1 hour is compressed oxygen test create environment; , press wind to open the chemical oxygen off-test at 5 o'clock.

(9) after the chemical oxygen off-test, take out and seal up for safekeeping institute's aerobic plate, from reporting situations, the medicine plate that is in 2,3 spaces also has stronger vigor, and the medicine plate in 1 space reacts completely, and device can guarantee that also 4-6 hour oxygen supply time does not need the plate of more changing dressings.This time test consumes 690 of medicine plates altogether.

7, type approval test operating analysis

1) chamber initially reaches done state

Original state: 24.8 ℃ of chamber rock temperature, 24.5 ℃ of chamber temperature, humidity 74.2%, oxygen content 21.4%, carbonic acid gas 0.18%, carbon monoxide 0, methane 0.02%, hydrogen sulfide 0.

Done state: 25.5 ℃ of chamber rock temperature, 28.7 ℃ of chamber temperature, humidity 78.4%, oxygen content 22.1%, carbonic acid gas 0.73%, carbon monoxide 31.2ppm, methane 0.09%, hydrogen sulfide 0.

2) test result and analysis

Every gas standard test is take video monitoring chamber test data as benchmark.The Control Room test data is to be arranged in chamber top monitoring sensor the transmission of data, and molecular weight of carbon dioxide is larger in the chamber, is deposited on the chamber bottom, and test data is relatively low, the oxygen content molecular weight, and test data is relatively high.Equipment itself also has fractional error simultaneously, so the data obtained has and nuance, but total variation tendency is identical.

8, conclusion (of pressure testing)

1) it is feasible adopting the air regenesis technology of chemical oxygen generation at underground refuge chamber.Adopt the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate to be applied under the coal mine and belong to the world initiation, created the oxygen supply pattern of deep coalmine underground refuge chamber chemical oxygen (potassium superoxide).

2) in whole process of the test, oxygen concentration is in 20.1%～22.3% normal range, and oxygen supply continues evenly; Gas concentration lwevel is controlled between 0.18～0.84%, near relatively stable remaining on 0.6%; Carbon monoxide concentration is lower than 20ppm; The chamber temperature is controlled at below 30 ℃, humidity is substantially below 80%; Methane, hydrogen sulfide are all in the scope of national regulation.Personnel feel good in the chamber, without uncomfortable symptom.Monitoring index all meets the relevant temporary provisions of country, and process of the test has been verified the feasibility that the chemical oxygen air regenerating device uses at underground refuge chamber.

3) using the chemical oxygen air regenerating device of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate is controlled at the heat that operational process produces, little to chamber temperature effect.In the process of the test, chemical oxygen air regenerating device surface is between 26.1～37.8 ℃; The air outlet temperature mainly concentrates between 22～37 ℃.

4) in whole 19 hours process of the test, personnel feel good in the chamber, have no adverse reaction.

5) the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate does not produce the material that human body or environment is had harm in the process of using, and secondary adverse reaction can not occur; As a kind of alkaline super-oxide, the potassium superoxide acid toxic and harmful that can neutralize, as: hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous gas, oxynitride etc. possess the special ability of removing the acid toxic and harmful of part.

6) use the storage of chemical oxygen air regenerating device, the convenient transportation of the special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine of the present invention plate, and need not safeguard that greatly reduce the maintenance cost of use, cost performance is good.Device is opened simple, easy to operate, need not complicated special training, and plug and play.

The word in the description orientation that adopts herein " on ", D score, " left side ", " right side " etc. all be for the convenience that illustrates based on the orientation shown in the drawing in the accompanying drawing, these orientation may be because the disposing way of device and different in actual device.

Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention only is for example of the present invention clearly is described, and is not to be restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here can't give all embodiments exhaustive.Everyly belong to the row that apparent variation that technical scheme of the present invention extends out or change still are in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. the potassium superoxide medicine plate of urgent danger prevention air regenerating device under the coal mine is characterized in that, comprises the raw material of following parts by weight:

Give birth to oxygen and inhale 94～96 parts in carbon medicinal powder;

4～6 parts of tougheners;

Described living oxygen is inhaled the raw material that comprises following weight percent in the carbon medicinal powder:

KO ₂75～85％；K ₂O ₂8～13％；K ₂O 7～12％。

2. potassium superoxide medicine plate according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described toughener is the long ceramic fibre of 5～10mm.

3. potassium superoxide medicine plate according to claim 1 is characterized in that: preferably, also comprise other auxiliary material in the described living oxygen suction carbon medicinal powder: 1～3 part of CoSO ₄, 1～3 part of perlite powder and 1～3 part of CuOCl.

4. arbitrary described potassium superoxide medicine plate according to claim 1-3 is characterized in that: the long 305～320mm of the physical dimension of described special-purpose potassium superoxide medicine plate * wide 210～230mm * thick 4～6mm, weight 380～390g.

5. the preparation method of potassium superoxide medicine plate as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

1) raw material is prepared: first with the drying treatment of toughener through 200～250 ℃ of temperature, inhale carbon medicinal powder by weight giving birth to oxygen: the ratio of toughener=94～96:4～6 will be given birth to oxygen and be inhaled carbon medicinal powder and put into blender with toughener and mix 0.5～1.5h, add other auxiliary material, obtain evenly loose batch mixing;

2) medicine plate compacting: weigh 395 ± 15 gram batch mixings, in the template die of packing into, after paving, suppress with hydropress, pressure-controlling is 9～10MPa), the medicine plate thickness 4～6mm of press forming, envrionment temperature is controlled between 10 ℃～20 ℃, and humidity is controlled in 30%～40% scope;

3) the medicine plate is shaped: the medicine plate after the compacting is made rectangle medicine plate at last through operations such as thermal treatment, repairings, long 305～320 * wide by 210～230 * thick 4～6mm of physical dimension, weight 380～390g.76.81 liters of theoretical oxygen-producing amounts.

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