CN102863283B - Organic fertilizer, preparation method thereof and method for preventing soil-borne pest diseases - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer, preparation method thereof and method for preventing soil-borne pest diseases Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides organic fertilizer which comprises a first component and a second component. The weight ratio of the first component to the second component is 1:1-900, wherein the first component is trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chloroisobromine cyanuric acid, and the second component is residual dry powder extracted from tobacco and/or tobacco waste dry powder. The defect of attenuated poisonous effect or slow releasing of fertilizer efficiency caused when the tobacco waste dry powder or dry powder extracted from tobacco is used for a farmland system directly or after rotted is overcome, soil fertility can be increased remarkably, crop yield is increased greatly, and the organic fertilizer has evident pest killing and sterilization effects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer, particularly relate to a kind of fertilizer with pesticide-germicide function.
Background technology
Soil-borne disease infects by the soil-borne disease original Plant diseases caused, and belongs to root disease category.Infect cause of disease and comprise fungi, bacterium, actinomycetes, nematode etc.Garden is the important factor affecting agriculture production always.
In recent years, many vegetable plots cause the underproduction to have no harvest due to soil-borne disease, and particularly vegetables physiological disturbance increases the weight of year by year, and disease gets more and more.The pathogenic micro-organism of reason mainly in soil accumulates year by year, and soil-borne disease insect pest is progressively increased the weight of; Growing the same crop for many years in same plot, causes the nutrient deficiency or unbalance of crop institute preference in soil; The secretory product of preceding crop root system and the toxic substance produced in decomposition course, cause murder by poisoning and growth-inhibiting to second stubble crop.As the blight of cucumber and tomato, bacterial wilt, epidemic disease and root knot nematode disease, plant is caused to be wilted in a large number, withered; Continuous cropping continuous cropping disease causes plant short and small, and root system is undeveloped, stiff seedling, Lao Miao, rotten.
Subterranean pest-insect is the mores of causing harm that lives in soil, and be also the important factor affecting agriculture production, all there is generation on paddy field, nonirrigated farmland, hills, hillside, forest land, orchard, grassland etc.Mainly cause harm the underground part of plant or part near the ground (root, block root, stem tuber and young shoot, tender stem, fruit etc.), and it is of a great variety, widely distributed, strong adaptability, disguised strong, thus affect plant growth and even directly cause plant death.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid (molecular formula: C
3n
3o
3cl
3; Fusing point: 247-251 DEG C) and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid (molecular formula: C
3hO
3n
3clBr; Physical behavior: white powder, soluble in water.) be strong oxidizer and chlorizating agent, there is efficient, wide spectrum, safer disinfection, have killing action to bacterium, virus, fungi, gemma etc., also have certain killing effect to coccidian oocyst, there is certain insecticidal action simultaneously.Agriculturally can be used as crop seeds sterilizing agent, crop disease control agent, agricultural land soil sterilizing agent and fruit type vegetable preservation agent, all have good effect and sterilization and disinfection effect in sericulture, livestock industry, culture fishery, health and epidemic prevention, tap water, swimming pool etc.
Tobacco, originates in tropical America, and Solanaceae (Solanaceae) cigarette belongs to (Nicotiana), annual herb.China North China, northeast, the southeast, southwest are cultivated more, have the kind such as safflower tobacco (N.tabacum) and Folium Nicotianae rusticae (N.rustica).The basal component of dry tobacco leaf is: Mierocrystalline cellulose about 11%, hemicellulose 20 about ﹪, pectin 12 about ﹪, protein 5 ~ 15 ﹪, nicotine 1.5 ~ 3.0 ﹪, organic acid 12 ~ 16 ﹪, wherein oxysuccinic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid totally 10 ﹪, fat 2 ~ 7 ﹪, polyphenol tannin matter 0.52 ~ 2.61 ﹪, ash content 10 ﹪.
Tobacco waste dry powder refer to produce in tobacco leaf production link can not the field tobacco rod that utilizes by tobacco industry and digest; The offal produced in tobacco processing and offal, and cannot form commodity tobacco leaf do not arrange a series of products such as grade tobacco leaf.
Tobacco waste dry powder contains and enriches nutrient: nitrogen 1.54 ~ 1.77%, phosphorus 0.48 ~ 0.59%, potassium 3.2 ~ 5.58%, calcium 2.52 ~ 2.65%, magnesium 0.46 ~ 0.54%, copper 11 ~ 12.9mg/kg, iron 245 ~ 273mg/kg, boron 20.7 ~ 24.8mg/kg, protein 9.67 ~ 11.1%, nicotine 2.35 ~ 2.54%, it is a kind of high-quality natural biological insecticidal fertilizer, not only can provide a large amount of nutritive substances, also can prevent and treat pathogenic nematode, pathogenic fungi, bacterium and some subterranean pest-insects, also can be used as cattle food.
But, with tobacco as insecticidal organic fertilizer time, there is some problems.If by its fermentation maturity, then active insecticidal components of may most ofly degrading, although the fertilizer efficiency of improve, significantly can reduce insecticidal activity; If be directly used in farmland sysrem, active insecticidal components and nutritive ingredient release slowly, can not be killed soil in time and pass insect and increase soil fertility.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide that a kind of fertilizer efficiency is high, the significant fertilizer of insecticidal effect.After this fertilizer overcomes and tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf extracted, residue dry powder directly or the toxic effect caused when being used for farmland sysrem after becoming thoroughly decomposed is decayed or fertilizer efficiency discharges defect slowly.
Another technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of application being used for fertilizer to prevent and treat soil-borne disease insect pest.
The another technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide a kind of simple method for preparing of fertilizer.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of fertilizer, comprise the first component and the second component, the mass ratio of the first component and the second component is 1:1 ~ 900, wherein, first component is trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and the second component is residue dry powder and/or tobacco waste dry powder after tobacco leaf extracts.
The mass ratio of described first component and the second component is preferably 1:50 ~ 500, is preferably 1:100 ~ 300.
10 ~ 120 mesh sieves crossed by described tobacco waste dry powder, are preferably 40 ~ 80 mesh sieves.
Present invention also offers a kind of method of preventing and treating soil-borne disease insect pest, the method is the farmland sysrem imposed on by above-mentioned fertilizer with soil-borne disease insect pest.Especially in the preventing and treating of the soil-borne disease insect pests such as mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, there is unusual effect.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of fertilizer, comprise the following steps:
1) prepare tobacco waste dry powder, dry after tobacco waste is dried in the shade, then pulverize evenly, obtain tobacco waste dry powder;
2) prepare tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder, extract tobacco leaf with polar solvent or medium polar solvent or extract with microwave on tobacco, obtain tobacco leaf and extract rear residue, after being extracted by tobacco leaf, residue dries after drying in the shade, then pulverize, obtain tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder.
3) trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid in mass ratio: residue dry powder=1:1 ~ 900 after tobacco waste dry powder and/or tobacco leaf extract, by trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid slowly and admix tobacco waste dry powder and/or the step 2 of step 1) gained on a small quantity in multiple times) tobacco leaf of gained extract after in residue dry powder;
Wherein, when the second component of fertilizer is tobacco waste dry powder, adopt step 1) and 3);
When the second component of fertilizer is residue after tobacco leaf extracts, adopt step 2) and 3);
When the second component of fertilizer is residue mixture after tobacco waste dry powder and tobacco leaf extract, adopt step 1), 2) and 3).
Further, described step 2) in the polar solvent that adopts be ethanol or acetone or ethyl acetate or chloroform.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, fertilizer of the present invention can significantly improve soil fertility, increases considerably crop yield.
After described fertilizer is imposed on farmland sysrem, the active oxygen that trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid degraded are formed and hypochlorous acid are all strong oxidizers, can oxidative degradation tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf extract after residue, make it discharge rapidly nutritive ingredient and insecticidal constituent, thus play the object increasing soil fertility fast.As can be seen from testing data equally, full nitrogen, organic matter and nicotine content in soil increase sharply after fertilising, within 1st day or the 3rd day, namely peak value is reached after fertilising, and use separately trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, or use separately tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf extract after residue dry powder time, in soil, the content of full nitrogen, organic matter and nicotine almost remains unchanged, and content is starkly lower than the content after application of organic fertilizers, in table 4 and table 10.Can be found out by table 5 and table 8, the present invention significantly can promote that the volume increase of farm crop is had a good harvest, and as shown in table 8, the highest stimulation ratio reaches 26.74%.
2, fertilizer of the present invention has significant Pesticidal and sterilizing effect.
As mentioned above, after application of organic fertilizers tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf extract after under the active oxygen that formed at trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid degraded of residue dry powder and hypochlorous effect, discharge rapidly nutritive ingredient and insecticidal constituent, wherein, active oxygen and hypochlorous acid all belong to strong oxidizer, there is the function of good sterilising effect and the native insect that dwells of poisoning, simultaneously, the nicotine that after tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf extract, residue dry powder is decomposed to form also has desinsection widely, sterilization effect, active oxygen and hypochlorous acid and nicotine coupling, serve the effect of potentiating pesticidal.
3, described fertilizer degraded thoroughly, non-residual toxicity.
The fertilizer imposing on farmland sysrem can thoroughly can be degraded under the effect of trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, non-residual toxicity.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail.
Implement 1
1:1 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:1.
Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) tobacco waste dry powder is prepared
Dry after tobacco waste is dried in the shade, then dry under 50 ° of C conditions, then pulverize, obtain tobacco waste dry powder.
(2) sieve
The tobacco waste dry powder obtained is crossed 10 orders, 20 orders, 40 orders, 80 orders, 120 mesh sieves respectively, obtains five kinds of varigrained tobacco waste dry powder respectively.
(3) trichloroisocyanuric acid in mass ratio: tobacco waste dry powder=1:1, by trichloroisocyanuric acid respectively slowly and admix five of step (2) gained in multiple times on a small quantity and grow tobacco in waste dry powder, finally obtains five kinds of varigrained fertilizers.
(3) packing and storing
The fertilizer plastic bag sealing package storage prepared, slowly should reduce pressure during encapsulation and extract air in bag.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, its preparation method is identical with above-mentioned steps.
Embodiment 2
1:5 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:5.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
1:20 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:20.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
1:50 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:50.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 5
1:100 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:100.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 6
1:300 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:300.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 7
1:500 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:500.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 8
1:900 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:900.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 9
1:1 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:1 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare tobacco leaf and extract rear residue
Trichloromethane, chloroform, ether, solvent oil and microwave extracting means are selected to extract tobacco leaf respectively, until effective constituent is extracted substantially completely namely obtain the rear residue of tobacco leaf extraction.
(2) prepare tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder
After being extracted by tobacco leaf, residue dries after drying in the shade, and then pulverizes evenly, obtains tobacco leaf and extracts rear residue dry powder.
(3) trichloroisocyanuric acid in mass ratio: residue dry powder=1:1 after tobacco leaf extracts, by trichloroisocyanuric acid respectively slowly and the tobacco leaf admixing step (2) gained on a small quantity in multiple times extract after in residue dry powder, make trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extract after residue dry powder fertilizer.
(3) packing and storing
The fertilizer plastic bag sealing package storage prepared, slowly should reduce pressure during encapsulation and extract air in bag.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer, its preparation method is identical with above-mentioned steps.
Embodiment 10
1:5 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:5 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 11
1:20 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:20 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 12
1:50 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:50 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 13
1:100 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:100 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 14
1:300 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:300 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 15
1:500 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:500 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 16
1:900 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:900 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid i.e. obtained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 17
1:300 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture+tobacco leaf extraction residue dry powder and tobacco waste dry powder blend organic fertilizer afterwards in mass ratio.This fertilizer each component ratio is:
Residue dry powder and tobacco waste powder mixture=1:300 after trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture+tobacco leaf extract, wherein, trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid respectively account for 50% of trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture total mass, and after tobacco leaf extracts, residue dry powder and tobacco waste dry powder respectively account for 50% of the rear residue dry powder of thing tobacco leaf extraction and tobacco waste powder mixture total mass.
Embodiment 18
1:300 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio.This fertilizer each component ratio is:
Residue dry powder and tobacco waste powder mixture=1:300 after trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture+tobacco leaf extract, wherein, trichloroisocyanuric acid and the mass ratio of chlorobromide isocyanuric acid in trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture are:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: chlorobromide isocyanuric acid=2:1;
The mass ratio that after tobacco leaf extracts, residue dry powder and tobacco waste dry powder extract in rear residue dry powder and tobacco waste powder mixture at tobacco leaf is:
Residue dry powder after tobacco leaf extracts: tobacco waste dry powder=2:1.
Using method of the present invention is:
During operation, put on plastic glove, directly fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in farmland sysrem, or mix in multiple times on a small quantity with sandy soil, wood chip or other dispersion medium that can spread fertilizer over the fields, then spread fertilizer over the fields in farmland sysrem.The mass ratio of the dispersion medium such as fertilizer of the present invention and sandy soil is preferably 1:10 ~ 500.
Test 1 trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer is tested the prevention effect of soil-borne disease insect pest
The fertilizer being used as test is the tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer of trichloroisocyanuric acid+mistake 80 mesh sieve of different ratio ratio and the tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer of chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+mistake 80 mesh sieve.
Testing sequence: choose the farm crop field that there is certain or certain several garden evil and test.Wherein the efficiency test of wireworm and black cutworm larvae is same place, the same time carries out, and the efficiency test of all the other insect mole crickets, grub, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm and banana root knot nematode carries out in different location and/or different time; The efficiency test of eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani carries out in different location and/or different time.When carrying out certain or certain several garden evil efficiency test, arrange 19 communities respectively, each community is not less than 30m
2, wherein 3 is check plot.The trichloroisocyanuric acid of different ratio ratio+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer directly spread fertilizer over the fields respectively in wherein 8 different districts in the consumptions of 50,000 grams/acre, in the consumptions of 50,000 grams/acre, the chlorobromide isocyanuric acid of different ratio ratio+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer directly spread fertilizer over the fields in other 8 different districts respectively, individually use trichloroisocyanuric acid, chlorobromide isocyanuric acid by the consumptions of 50,000 grams/acre, cross the tobacco waste dry powder of 80 mesh sieves in 3 controlled trial communities.
Adopt the conventional test of pesticide effectiveness, the prevention effect of mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani is observed respectively afterwards one day and three days, wherein, table 1 is the data report situation of fertilising after 1 day, and table 2 is the data report situation of fertilising after 3 days.
The report method of prevention effect of the present invention is as follows:
Insect is passed for soil, the 1st day after using this fertilizer and the 3rd day, respectively certain Mortality of insect of investigation records fertilizer process community and check plot, thus calculate the prevention effect to this kind of insect.
For soil-borne disease, control time is that field starts the 1st day after there is diseased plant and the 3rd day.Diseased plant number, the dead strain number of difference investigation records fertilizer process community and check plot or plant number of obviously withering, thus calculate the prevention effect to this kind of disease.
This test is when reporting data, for using the check plot of trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer and using separately the community of trichloroisocyanuric acid, only report the prevention effect of mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, eggplant verticillium wilt, for using the community of chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer and using separately the check plot of chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, only report Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, the prevention effect of cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani.For the check plot of using separately tobacco waste dry powder, the prevention effect of report mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani.
Table 1 trichloroisocyanuric acid or the chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+prevention effect testing data of tobacco waste dry powder organic fertilizer application 1 day to soil-borne disease insect pest
Note: in table 1, A is trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Table 2 trichloroisocyanuric acid or the chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+prevention effect testing data of tobacco waste dry powder organic fertilizer application 3 days to soil-borne disease insect pest
Note: A is trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Through observation shows that, compared with controlled trial (i.e. A:B=1:0 or 0:1), after using fertilizer of the present invention, there is significant insecticidal effect, when the mass ratio of trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid and tobacco waste dry powder is between 1:50 ~ 900, insecticidal effect is the most remarkable, is preferably 1:300 ~ 500.Need the thing illustrated, test 1 only proves that trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer have good pesticide-germicide effect, and above-mentioned test is used different fertilizers respectively to different insects or germ and do not formed restriction to fertilizer function.
Test 2 tobacco waste powder sizes to test the prevention effect of soil-borne disease insect pest.
This tests the fertilizer that fertilizer used was 10 orders, five kinds of varigrained tobacco waste dry powder of 20 orders, 40 orders, 80 orders, 120 mesh sieves form with trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid respectively, and often kind of each constituent mass ratio of fertilizer is: trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:300.
Testing sequence: choose the farm crop field that there is certain or certain several garden evil and test.Wherein to the different grain size efficiency test of wireworm and black cutworm larvae be same place, the same time carries out, the different grain size efficiency test of all the other insect mole crickets, grub, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm and banana root knot nematode carries out in different location and/or different time; The different grain size efficiency test of eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani carries out in different location and/or different time.When carrying out certain or certain several garden evil efficiency test, arrange 10 communities respectively, each community is not less than 30m
2, five kinds of varigrained trichloroisocyanuric acids+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer directly spread fertilizer over the fields respectively in wherein 5 different districts by the consumptions of 50,000 grams/acre, varigrained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer is directly spread fertilizer over the fields respectively in other 5 different districts, adopt the conventional test of pesticide effectiveness, mole cricket is observed after three days in fertilising, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, the prevention effect of banana root knot nematode, this test is when reporting data, for five communities of using trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, only report mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, the prevention effect of eggplant verticillium wilt, for five communities of using chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, only report Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, the prevention effect of cucumber fusarium axysporum and Fusarium solani.Table 3 is the data report situation of fertilising after 3 days.
Table 3 tobacco waste powder size is to the prevention effect testing data of soil-borne disease insect pest
Note: in table 3, A is trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Known by testing, along with the reduction of tobacco waste powder size, the insecticidal effect of this fertilizer is got over remarkable, and when in fertilizer, tobacco waste powder size is between 40 ~ 120 orders, insecticidal effect is more remarkable.
Test the manure trial of 3 trichloroisocyanuric acids+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer
Testing sequence, adopt conventional manure trial, the tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer of trichloroisocyanuric acid+mistake 80 mesh sieve of 1:300 ratio directly spread fertilizer over the fields in farmland sysrem or spread fertilizer over the fields in farmland sysrem after mixing with sandy soil, the content of full nitrogen, organic matter and nicotine in 0 ~ 10cm every kilogram soil under earth's surface is detected in the 0.5th day respectively after fertilising, the 1st day, the 3rd day, the 5th day, the 7th day and the 15th day, test-results is in table 4, wherein, the mensuration of nicotine content adopts liquid chromatography technology, and the mensuration of soil nutrient content adopts nutrient determinator to measure.
The manure trial data of table 4 trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer
Note: in table 4, A is trichloroisocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Test shows, after using fertilizer of the present invention, nicotine in soil, full nitrogen and organic content are significantly improved than when using trichloroisocyanuric acid separately or use separately tobacco waste dry powder, and, within the 1st day or the 3rd day after fertilising, peak value can be reached, significantly accelerate the degradation speed of tobacco waste dry powder, improve soil fertility.
Test 4 trichloroisocyanuric acids or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer to the test of increasing crop yield
This tests fertilizer used is the fertilizer that the tobacco waste dry powder of trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+mistake 80 mesh sieve is prepared by different ratios, farm crop selected by this test are wild cabbage and tobacco, wherein, wild cabbage is used to the tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer of trichloroisocyanuric acid+mistake 80 mesh sieve, tobacco is used to the tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer of chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+mistake 80 mesh sieve.Specific operation process is, choose kind of the field having wild cabbage, arrange 10 communities, each community is not less than 30m
2, wherein 2 communities are check plot, press the consumption application of organic fertilizers of 50,000 grams/acre respectively, use separately tobacco waste dry powder, do not use any fertilizer in another check plot a check plot in each community.Fertilization time is after field planting the 7th day.In like manner, identical with wild cabbage to the process of tobacco.In time gathering in the crops, measure the Weight per plant of wild cabbage and tobacco, plant height and output respectively and report as follows.
Table 5 trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer are to the testing data of increasing crop yield
Note: in table 5, A is trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Test shows, after using this fertilizer, crop yield has had and significantly improves, and when ratio is 1:500, the increase of production rate of wild cabbage is up to 21.36%, and when ratio is 1:300, the increase of production rate of tobacco is up to 19.84%.
Test 5 fertilizer granularities to the test of increasing crop yield
This tests the fertilizer that fertilizer used was 10 orders, five kinds of varigrained tobacco waste dry powder of 20 orders, 40 orders, 80 orders, 120 mesh sieves form with trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid respectively, and often kind of each constituent mass ratio of fertilizer is: trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:300.
Farm crop selected by this test are wild cabbage and tobacco, wherein, use trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer to wild cabbage, use chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer to tobacco.Specific operation process is, choose kind of the field having wild cabbage, arrange 6 communities, each community is not less than 30m
2, one of them is check plot, and press the consumption application of organic fertilizers of 50,000 grams/acre respectively in each community, fertilization time is field planting the 7th day.In like manner, identical with wild cabbage to the process of tobacco.In time gathering in the crops, measure the Weight per plant of wild cabbage and tobacco, plant height and output respectively and report as follows.
Table 6 fertilizer granularity is to the testing data of increasing crop yield
Test shows, along with the reduction of tobacco waste powder size, the fertilizer efficiency of this fertilizer is more remarkable, and effect of increasing production is more obvious.
Test 6 different solvents to test the prevention effect of soil-borne disease insect pest
Trichloromethane, chloroform, ether, solvent oil and microwave extracting means are selected to extract tobacco leaf respectively, after extracting, residue dry powder is made into fertilizer with trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid respectively, and the ratio of this fertilizer is: trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:150 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Testing sequence: choose the farm crop field that there is certain or certain several garden evil and test.Wherein to the different solvents efficiency test of wireworm and black cutworm larvae be same place, the same time carries out, the different solvents efficiency test of all the other insect mole crickets, grub, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm and banana root knot nematode carries out in different location and/or different time; The different solvents efficiency test of eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani carries out in different location and/or different time.When carrying out certain or certain several garden evil efficiency test, arrange 11 communities respectively, each community is not less than 30m
2, one of them community is check plot, and any fertilizer is not used in this community.The trichloroisocyanuric acid be configured to by five kinds of different extracting modes by the consumptions of 50,000 grams/acre+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer directly spreads fertilizer over the fields in wherein 5 different districts respectively, the chlorobromide isocyanuric acid be configured to by five kinds of different extracting modes+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer directly spreads fertilizer over the fields in other 5 different districts respectively, adopt the conventional test of pesticide effectiveness, observe mole cricket in fertilising after three days, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, the prevention effect of Fusarium solani, this test, when reporting data, for five communities of using trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, only reports mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, the prevention effect of eggplant verticillium wilt, for five communities of using chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, only report Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, cucumber fusarium axysporum, the prevention effect of Fusarium solani.Table 7 is the data report situation of fertilising after 3 days.
Table 7 different solvents is to the prevention effect testing data of soil-borne disease insect pest
Test shows, after application of organic fertilizers, the prevention effect of soil biography insect increases substantially, and insecticidal effect is very remarkable, and different solvents is on the not too large impact of the toxic effect of fertilizer.
Test 7 different solvents to increasing crop yield effect test
Trichloromethane, chloroform, ether, solvent oil and microwave extracting means are selected to extract tobacco leaf respectively, after extracting, residue dry powder is made into fertilizer with trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid respectively, and the ratio of this fertilizer is: trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:150 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Farm crop selected by this test are wild cabbage and tobacco, wherein, use trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer to wild cabbage, use chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer to tobacco.Specific operation process is, choose kind of the field having wild cabbage, arrange 6 communities, each community is not less than 30m
2, one of them is check plot, does not use any fertilizer.Respectively in each community by the consumption application of organic fertilizers of 50,000 grams/acre, fertilization time is after field planting the 7th day.In like manner, identical with wild cabbage to the process of tobacco.In time gathering in the crops, measure the Weight per plant of wild cabbage and tobacco, plant height and output respectively and report as follows.Report data are in table 8.
Table 8 different solvents is to increasing crop yield effect test data
Test shows, after application of organic fertilizers, the output of farm crop significantly improves, and the growth level impact change of different solvents on cole crops output is little, but the growth level impact of different solvents on tobacco plants output is larger, when extracting solution is acetone, tobacco production volume increase is particularly remarkable.
Test the test of the fertilizer under 8 different ratio to pest controling effect
Select the tobacco leaf residue after microwave extracting as the component of fertilizer, itself and trichloroisocyanuric acid are configured to the fertilizer of different ratios, impose on the 3rd day after farmland sysrem observation fertilizer to the preventing effectiveness of insect, testing data is in the same test 1 of table 9 testing sequence, only change the fertilizer composition in test 1, in this no longer repeated description.
Fertilizer under table 9 different ratio is to the testing data of pest controling effect
Note: in table 9, A is trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Test shows, compared with controlled trial (i.e. A:B=1:0 or 0:1), after using fertilizer of the present invention, there is significant insecticidal effect, when the mass ratio of trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid and tobacco waste dry powder is between 1:50 ~ 900, insecticidal effect is the most remarkable, is preferably 1:300 ~ 500.
Test 9 chlorobromide isocyanuric acids+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer manure trial
Select the tobacco leaf residue after microwave extracting as the component of fertilizer, by itself and trichloroisocyanuric acid in mass ratio 1:300 be configured to fertilizer, the content of full nitrogen, organic matter and nicotine in 0 ~ 10cm soil under earth's surface is detected in the 0.5th day respectively after broadcast application, the 1st day, the 3rd day, the 5th day, the 7th day and the 15th day, test-results is in table 10, wherein, the mensuration of nicotine content adopts liquid chromatography technology, and the mensuration of soil nutrient content adopts nutrient determinator to measure.
Residue dry powder fertilizer manure trial data after table 10 chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extracts
Note: A is chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is residue dry powder after microwave extracting.
Test shows, after using fertilizer of the present invention, nicotine in soil, full nitrogen and organic content are significantly improved than when using trichloroisocyanuric acid separately or use separately tobacco waste dry powder, and, within the 3rd day after fertilising, peak value can be reached, significantly accelerate the degradation speed of tobacco waste dry powder, improve soil fertility.
The fertilizer of testing under 10 different ratio is Effects of Increasing Yield to farming
Select the tobacco leaf residue after microwave extracting as the component of fertilizer, itself and trichloroisocyanuric acid are configured to the fertilizer of different ratios.After wild cabbage and tobacco plants being used by 50,000 grams/acre, measure wild cabbage, the Weight per plant of tobacco, plant height, often per mu yield and increase of production rate when gathering in the crops, in table 10.
Farm crop selected by this test are wild cabbage and tobacco, wherein, use trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer to wild cabbage, use chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer to tobacco.Specific operation process is, choose kind of the field having wild cabbage, arrange 10 communities, each community is not less than 30m
2, wherein 2 is check plot, and press the consumption application of organic fertilizers of 50,000 grams/acre respectively in each community, the tobacco leaf residue after microwave extracting is used separately in a check plot, does not use any fertilizer in another check plot.Fertilization time is after field planting the 7th day.In like manner, identical with wild cabbage to the process of tobacco.In time gathering in the crops, measure the Weight per plant of wild cabbage and tobacco, plant height and output respectively and report as follows.
Fertilizer under table 11 different ratio is Effects of Increasing Yield data to farming
Note: to trichloroisocyanuric acid during wild cabbage, to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid during tobacco.
Test shows, after using this fertilizer, crop yield has had and significantly improves, and when ratio is 1:500, the increase of production rate of wild cabbage is up to 17.66%, and when ratio is 1:300, the increase of production rate of tobacco is up to 21.40%.
Claims (9)
1. a fertilizer, wherein active ingredient is made up of the first component and the second component, the mass ratio of the first component and the second component is 1:1 ~ 900, wherein, first component is trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and the second component is residue dry powder and/or tobacco waste dry powder after tobacco leaf extracts.
2. fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described first component and the second component is 1:50 ~ 500.
3. fertilizer according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described first component and the second component is 1:100 ~ 300.
4. the fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, 10 ~ 120 mesh sieves crossed by described tobacco waste dry powder.
5. fertilizer according to claim 4, is characterized in that, 40 ~ 80 mesh sieves crossed by described tobacco waste dry powder.
6. prevent and treat a method for soil-borne disease insect pest, it is characterized in that, arbitrary for claim 1 to 5 described fertilizer is imposed on the farmland sysrem with soil-borne disease insect pest.
7. the method for control soil-borne disease according to claim 6 insect pest, it is characterized in that, described soil-borne disease insect pest is mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, sickle-like bacteria, Verticillium, rhizoctonia.
8. a preparation method for fertilizer described in claim 1, comprises the following steps:
1) prepare tobacco waste dry powder, dry after tobacco waste is dried in the shade, then pulverize evenly, obtain tobacco waste dry powder;
2) prepare tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder, extract tobacco leaf with polar solvent or medium polar solvent or extract with microwave on tobacco, obtain tobacco leaf and extract rear residue, after being extracted by tobacco leaf, residue dries after drying in the shade, then pulverize, obtain tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder;
3) trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid in mass ratio: residue dry powder=1:1 ~ 900 after tobacco waste dry powder and/or tobacco leaf extract, by trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid slowly and admix step 1 in multiple times on a small quantity) the tobacco waste dry powder of gained and/or step 2) tobacco leaf of gained extracts in rear residue dry powder;
Wherein, when the second component of fertilizer is tobacco waste dry powder, adopt step 1) and 3);
When the second component of fertilizer is residue dry powder after tobacco leaf extracts, adopt step 2) and 3);
When the second component of fertilizer is residue powder mixture after tobacco waste dry powder and tobacco leaf extract, adopt step 1), 2) and 3).
9. the preparation method of fertilizer according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described step 2) in adopt polar solvent be trichloromethane, chloroform, ether or solvent oil.
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| CN101353284A (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2009-01-28 | 广东福利龙复合肥有限公司 | Insets expelling biological organic fertilizer and preparation thereof |
| CN101555179A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2009-10-14 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Pest-resistant organic fertilizer and preparing method thereof |
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| CN1190533A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1998-08-19 | 钱小刚 | Biocide composition for plant pathogenic microganism, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN101353284A (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2009-01-28 | 广东福利龙复合肥有限公司 | Insets expelling biological organic fertilizer and preparation thereof |
| CN101555179A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2009-10-14 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Pest-resistant organic fertilizer and preparing method thereof |
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