CN102863283A - Organic fertilizer, preparation method thereof and method for preventing soil-borne pest diseases - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer, preparation method thereof and method for preventing soil-borne pest diseases Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides organic fertilizer which comprises a first component and a second component. The weight ratio of the first component to the second component is 1:1-900, wherein the first component is trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chloroisobromine cyanuric acid, and the second component is residual dry powder extracted from tobacco and/or tobacco waste dry powder. The defect of attenuated poisonous effect or slow releasing of fertilizer efficiency caused when the tobacco waste dry powder or dry powder extracted from tobacco is used for a farmland system directly or after rotted is overcome, soil fertility can be increased remarkably, crop yield is increased greatly, and the organic fertilizer has evident pest killing and sterilization effects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer, relate in particular to a kind of fertilizer with pesticide-germicide function.
Background technology
Soil-borne disease is to infect the Plant diseases that causes by the soil-borne disease original, belongs to the root disease category.Infect cause of disease and comprise fungi, bacterium, actinomycetes, nematode etc.Garden is the important factor that affects agriculture production always.
In recent years, many vegetable plots are because soil-borne disease causes underproduction total crop failure, and particularly the vegetables physiological disturbance increases the weight of year by year, and disease is more and more.Reason mainly is that the pathogenic micro-organism in the soil accumulates year by year, and the soil-borne disease insect pest is progressively increased the weight of; Growing the same crop for many years in same plot, causes the nutrient deficiency of crop institute preference in the soil or unbalance; The secretory product of preceding crop root system and the toxic substance that produces in decomposition course cause murder by poisoning and growth-inhibiting to second stubble crop.Such as blight, bacterial wilt, epidemic disease and the root knot nematode disease of cucumber and tomato, cause plant wilt in a large number, withered; The continuous cropping continuous cropping disease causes plant short and small, and root system is undeveloped, stiff seedling, Lao Miao, mashed root.
Subterranean pest-insect is the mores that life is caused harm in soil, also is the important factor that affects agriculture production, and all there is generation on paddy field, nonirrigated farmland, hills, hillside, forest land, orchard, grassland etc.The underground part of plant or the part near the ground of mainly causing harm (root, piece root, stem tuber, and young shoot, tender stem, fruit etc.), it is of a great variety, and is widely distributed, and strong adaptability is disguised strong, thereby affect plant growth even directly cause crop death.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid (molecular formula: C
3N
3O
3Cl
3Fusing point: 247-251 ℃) and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid (molecular formula: C
3HO
3N
3ClBr; Physical behavior: white powder, soluble in water.) be strong oxidizer and chlorizating agent, have efficient, wide spectrum, safer disinfection, bacterium, virus, fungi, gemma etc. there are killing action, coccidian oocyst also there is certain killing effect, have simultaneously certain insecticidal action.Agriculturally can be used as the crop seeds sterilizing agent, crop disease control agent, agricultural land soil sterilizing agent and fruit type vegetable preservation agent all have good effect and sterilization and disinfection effect at aspects such as sericulture, livestock industry, culture fishery, health and epidemic prevention, tap water, swimming pools.
Tobacco originates in tropical America, and Solanaceae (Solanaceae) cigarette belongs to (Nicotiana), annual herb.China North China, northeast, the southeast, southwest are cultivated more, and the kinds such as safflower tobacco (N.tabacum) and Folium Nicotianae rusticae (N.rustica) are arranged.The basal component of dry tobacco leaf is: Mierocrystalline cellulose about 11%, about hemicellulose 20 ﹪, about pectin 12 ﹪, protein 5～15 ﹪, nicotine 1.5～3.0 ﹪, organic acid 12～16 ﹪, oxysuccinic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid totally 10 ﹪ wherein, fat 2～7 ﹪, polyphenol tannin matter 0.52～2.61 ﹪, ash content 10 ﹪.
Tobacco waste dry powder refer in the tobacco production link, produce can not be by the field tobacco rod that tobacco industry utilized and digested; The offal and the offal that produce in the tobacco processing, and can't form the commodity tobacco leaf be not listed as a series of products such as grade tobacco leaf.
Tobacco waste dry powder contains and enriches nutrient: nitrogen 1.54～1.77%, phosphorus 0.48～0.59%, potassium 3.2～5.58%, calcium 2.52～2.65%, magnesium 0.46～0.54%, copper 11～12.9mg/kg, iron 245～273mg/kg, boron 20.7～24.8mg/kg, protein 9.67～11.1%, nicotine 2.35～2.54%, it is a kind of high-quality natural biological insecticidal fertilizer, not only can provide a large amount of nutritive substances, also can prevent and treat pathogenic nematode, pathogenic fungi, bacterium and some subterranean pest-insects, also can be used as the domestic animal feed.
But, when using tobacco as insecticidal organic fertilizer, there is some problems.If with its fermentation maturity, the active insecticidal components of then may most ofly degrading although improved fertilizer efficiency, can significantly reduce insecticidal activity; If it is directly used in the farmland system, active insecticidal components and nutritive ingredient discharge slowly, can not in time kill soil and pass insect and increase soil fertility.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of fertilizer efficiency height, the significant fertilizer of insecticidal effect.This fertilizer overcome tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf extracted after residue dry powder directly or the toxic effect decay or the fertilizer efficiency that cause when being used for the farmland system after becoming thoroughly decomposed discharge slowly defective.
Another technical problem that the present invention solves provides a kind of application that fertilizer is used for the insect pest of control soil-borne disease.
The another technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of simple method for preparing of fertilizer.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of fertilizer, comprise the first component and the second component, the mass ratio of the first component and the second component is 1:1 ~ 900, wherein, the first component is trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and the second component is residue dry powder and/or tobacco waste dry powder after tobacco leaf extracts.
The mass ratio of described the first component and the second component is preferably 1:50 ~ 500, is preferably 1:100 ~ 300.
Described tobacco waste dry powder is crossed 10 ~ 120 mesh sieves, is preferably 40 ~ 80 mesh sieves.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of preventing and treating the soil-borne disease insect pest, and the method is that above-mentioned fertilizer is imposed on farmland system with the soil-borne disease insect pest.Especially aspect the preventing and treating of the soil-borne disease insect pests such as mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, has unusual effect.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of fertilizer, may further comprise the steps:
1) prepares tobacco waste dry powder, dry after tobacco waste is dried in the shade, then pulverize evenly, obtain tobacco waste dry powder;
2) residue dry powder after the preparation tobacco leaf extracts, tobacco leaf is extracted or with microwave tobacco leaf is extracted with polar solvent or medium polar solvent, obtain tobacco leaf and extract rear residue, dry after residue dried in the shade after tobacco leaf was extracted, then pulverize, obtain tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder.
3) in mass ratio trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:1 after tobacco waste dry powder and/or tobacco leaf extract ~ 900, with trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid slowly and repeatedly admix on a small quantity tobacco waste dry powder and/or the step 2 of step 1) gained) tobacco leaf of gained extract after in the residue dry powder;
Wherein, when the second component of fertilizer is tobacco waste dry powder, adopt step 1) and 3);
When the second component of fertilizer is the rear residue of tobacco leaf extraction, adopt step 2) and 3);
When the second component of fertilizer is tobacco waste dry powder and the rear residue mixture of tobacco leaf extraction, adopt step 1), 2) and 3).
Further, the polar solvent that adopts described step 2) is ethanol or acetone or ethyl acetate or chloroform.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, fertilizer of the present invention can significantly improve soil fertility, increases considerably crop yield.
After described fertilizer imposed on the farmland system, active oxygen and hypochlorous acid that trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid degraded form all are strong oxidizers, can oxidative degradation tobacco waste dry powder or the residue of tobacco leaf after extracting, make it discharge rapidly nutritive ingredient and insecticidal constituent, thereby play the purpose of quick increase soil fertility.Can find out equally from testing data, full nitrogen, organic matter and nicotine content in the soil increase sharply after fertilising, fertilising namely reached peak value in rear the 1st day or the 3rd day, and use separately trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, or after using separately tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf and extracting during residue dry powder, the content of full nitrogen, organic matter and nicotine almost remains unchanged in the soil, and content is starkly lower than the content behind the application of organic fertilizers, sees Table 4 and table 10.Can find out that by table 5 and table 8 the present invention can significantly promote the volume increase good harvest of farm crop, as shown in table 8, the highest stimulation ratio reaches 26.74%.
2, fertilizer of the present invention has significant Pesticidal and sterilizing effect.
As mentioned above, residue dry powder was under the active oxygen and hypochlorous effect of trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid degraded formation after tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf extracted behind the application of organic fertilizers, discharge rapidly nutritive ingredient and insecticidal constituent, wherein, active oxygen and hypochlorous acid all belong to strong oxidizer, function with good sterilising effect and the native insect that dwells of poisoning, simultaneously, the nicotine that residue dry powder was decomposed to form after tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf extracted also has widely desinsection, sterilization effect, the effect of potentiating pesticidal has been played in active oxygen and hypochlorous acid and nicotine coupling.
3, described fertilizer degraded is thorough, non-residual toxicity.
The fertilizer that imposes on the farmland system can thoroughly be degraded non-residual toxicity under the effect of trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail.
Implement 1
1:1 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:1.
Its preparation method may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation tobacco waste dry powder
Dry after tobacco waste dried in the shade, under 50 ° of C conditions, dry again, then pulverize, obtain tobacco waste dry powder.
(2) sieve
The tobacco waste dry powder that obtains is crossed respectively 10 orders, 20 orders, 40 orders, 80 orders, 120 mesh sieves, obtain respectively five kinds of varigrained tobacco waste dry powder.
(3) trichloroisocyanuric acid in mass ratio: tobacco waste dry powder=1:1 with trichloroisocyanuric acid respectively slowly and admix on a small quantity five of step (2) gained repeatedly and grow tobacco in the waste dry powder, finally obtains five kinds of varigrained fertilizers.
(3) packing and storing
The fertilizer plastic bag sealing package storage that preparation is finished should slowly reduce pressure during encapsulation and extract a bag Air.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, its preparation method is identical with above-mentioned steps.
Embodiment 2
1:5 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:5.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
1:20 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:20.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
1:50 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:50.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 5
1:100 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:100.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 6
1:300 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:300.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 7
1:500 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:500.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 8
1:900 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:900.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.
Embodiment 9
1:1 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:1 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method may further comprise the steps:
(1) residue after the preparation tobacco leaf extracts
Select respectively trichloromethane, chloroform, ether, solvent oil and microwave extracting means that tobacco leaf is extracted, fully namely obtain the rear residue of tobacco leaf extraction until effective constituent is extracted substantially.
(2) residue dry powder after the preparation tobacco leaf extracts
After residue dries in the shade after the tobacco leaf extraction, dry, then pulverize evenly, obtain tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder.
(3) trichloroisocyanuric acid in mass ratio: residue dry powder=1:1 after tobacco leaf extracts, in the residue dry powder, make trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer after the slow tobacco leaf of also repeatedly admixing on a small quantity step (2) gained extracts respectively with trichloroisocyanuric acid.
(3) packing and storing
The fertilizer plastic bag sealing package storage that preparation is finished should slowly reduce pressure during encapsulation and extract a bag Air.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction, its preparation method is identical with above-mentioned steps.
Embodiment 10
1:5 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:5 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction.
Embodiment 11
1:20 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:20 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction.
Embodiment 12
1:50 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:50 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction.
Embodiment 13
1:100 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:100 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction.
Embodiment 14
1:300 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:300 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction.
Embodiment 15
1:500 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:500 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction.
Embodiment 16
1:900 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction in mass ratio, and this fertilizer each component ratio is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:900 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 9, just changes the each component ratio, is not repeated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the present embodiment is replaced to chlorobromide isocyanuric acid namely make chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+rear residue dry powder fertilizer of tobacco leaf extraction.
Embodiment 17
1:300 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid and the chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture+rear residue dry powder of tobacco leaf extraction and tobacco waste dry powder blend organic fertilizer in mass ratio.This fertilizer each component ratio is:
Residue dry powder and tobacco waste powder mixture=1:300 after trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture+tobacco leaf extracts, wherein, trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid respectively account for 50% of trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture total mass, and residue dry powder and tobacco waste dry powder respectively accounted for the thing tobacco leaf and extracts 50% of rear residue dry powder and tobacco waste powder mixture total mass after tobacco leaf extracted.
Embodiment 18
1:300 prepares trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer in mass ratio.This fertilizer each component ratio is:
Residue dry powder and tobacco waste powder mixture=1:300 after trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture+tobacco leaf extracts, wherein, trichloroisocyanuric acid and the chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mass ratio in trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid mixture is:
Trichloroisocyanuric acid: chlorobromide isocyanuric acid=2:1;
Residue dry powder and tobacco waste dry powder at the mass ratio that tobacco leaf extracts in rear residue dry powder and the tobacco waste powder mixture were after tobacco leaf extracted:
Residue dry powder after tobacco leaf extracts: tobacco waste dry powder=2:1.
Using method of the present invention is:
During operation, put on plastic glove, directly fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields in the farmland system, or with a small amount of mixing repeatedly of sandy soil, wood chip or other dispersion medium that can spread fertilizer over the fields, then spread fertilizer over the fields in the farmland system.The mass ratio of the dispersion medium such as fertilizer of the present invention and sandy soil is preferably 1:10 ~ 500.
Test 1 trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer to the prevention effect test of soil-borne disease insect pest
The fertilizer that is used as test is the trichloroisocyanuric acid of the different proportioning ratios+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer of mistake 80 mesh sieves and tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer of chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+mistake 80 mesh sieves.
Testing sequence: choose the farm crop field that exists certain or certain several garden to do harm to and test.Wherein the efficiency test of wireworm and black cutworm larvae is to carry out same place, same time, the efficiency test of all the other insect mole crickets, grub, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm and banana root knot nematode in the different location and/or different time carry out; The efficiency test of eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani in the different location and/or different time carry out.When carrying out several gardens evil of certain or certain efficiency test, 19 residential quarters are set respectively, each residential quarter is not less than 30m
2, wherein 3 is the check plot.In 50,000 g/acres consumptions the trichloroisocyanuric acid of different proportioning ratios+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer is directly spread fertilizer over the fields respectively in 8 different districts wherein, in 50,000 g/acres consumptions the chlorobromide isocyanuric acid of different proportioning ratios+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer is directly spread fertilizer over the fields respectively in other 8 different districts, use separately respectively trichloroisocyanuric acid, chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, cross the tobacco waste dry powder of 80 mesh sieves in 3 controlled trial residential quarters by 50,000 g/acres consumptions.
Adopt the conventional test of pesticide effectiveness, the prevention effect of observing afterwards mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani at one day and three days respectively, wherein, table 1 is the datagram road situation of fertilising after 1 day, and table 2 is the datagram road situation of fertilising after 3 days.
The report method of prevention effect of the present invention is as follows:
Soil is passed insect, after using this fertilizer the 1st day and the 3rd day, certain Mortality of insect of investigation records fertilizer processing residential quarter and check plot respectively, thus calculate prevention effect to this kind insect.
For soil-borne disease, control time is the 1st day and the 3rd day after the field begins to occur diseased plant.The investigation records fertilizer is processed diseased plant number, the dead strain number of residential quarter and check plot or the plant number of obviously withering respectively, thereby calculates the prevention effect to this kind disease.
This test is when the report data, for using the trichloroisocyanuric acid+check plot of tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer and the residential quarter of using separately trichloroisocyanuric acid, only report the prevention effect of mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, eggplant verticillium wilt, for using the chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+residential quarter of tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer and the check plot of using separately chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, only report Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode,, the prevention effect of cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani.For the check plot of using separately tobacco waste dry powder, the prevention effect of report mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani.
Table 1 trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+1 day prevention effect testing data to the soil-borne disease insect pest of tobacco waste dry powder organic fertilizer application
Annotate: in the table 1, A is trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Table 2 trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+3 days prevention effect testing datas to the soil-borne disease insect pest of tobacco waste dry powder organic fertilizer application
Annotate: A is trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Through observation shows that, compare with controlled trial (being A:B=1:0 or 0:1), has significant insecticidal effect after using fertilizer of the present invention, when the mass ratio of trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid and tobacco waste dry powder is between 1:50 ~ 900, insecticidal effect is the most remarkable, is preferably 1:300 ~ 500.The thing that needs explanation, test 1 only proves that trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer have good pesticide-germicide effect, and above-mentioned test is used respectively different fertilizers to different insects or germ and do not consisted of restriction to the fertilizer function.
Test 2 tobacco waste powder sizes to the prevention effect test of soil-borne disease insect pest.
This tests used fertilizer was the fertilizer that five kinds of varigrained tobacco waste dry powder of 10 orders, 20 orders, 40 orders, 80 orders, 120 mesh sieves form with trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid respectively, and every kind of each constituent mass ratio of fertilizer is: trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:300.
Testing sequence: choose the farm crop field that exists certain or certain several garden to do harm to and test.To carry out same place, same time to the different grain size efficiency test of wireworm and black cutworm larvae wherein, the different grain size efficiency test of all the other insect mole crickets, grub, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm and banana root knot nematode in the different location and/or different time carry out; The different grain size efficiency test of eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani in the different location and/or different time carry out.When carrying out several gardens evil of certain or certain efficiency test, 10 residential quarters are set respectively, each residential quarter is not less than 30m
2By 50,000 g/acres consumptions five kinds of varigrained trichloroisocyanuric acids+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer is directly spread fertilizer over the fields respectively in 5 different districts wherein, varigrained chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer is directly spread fertilizer over the fields respectively in other 5 different districts, adopt the conventional test of pesticide effectiveness, observe mole cricket in fertilising after three days, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, the Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, the prevention effect of banana root knot nematode, this test is when the report data, for five residential quarters of using trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, only report mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, the prevention effect of eggplant verticillium wilt, for five residential quarters of using chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, only report the Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, the banana root knot nematode, the prevention effect of cucumber fusarium axysporum and Fusarium solani.Table 3 is the datagram road situation of fertilising after 3 days.
Table 3 tobacco waste powder size is to the prevention effect testing data of soil-borne disease insect pest
Annotate: in the table 3, A is trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
By test as can be known, along with reducing of tobacco waste powder size, the insecticidal effect of this fertilizer is got over significantly, and when the tobacco waste powder size was between 40 ~ 120 orders in the fertilizer, insecticidal effect was more remarkable.
Test the manure trial of 3 trichloroisocyanuric acids+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer
Testing sequence, adopt conventional manure trial, with the tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer of the trichloroisocyanuric acid of 1:300 proportioning ratio+mistake 80 mesh sieves directly spread fertilizer over the fields in the farmland system or with the sandy soil mixing after spread fertilizer over the fields in the farmland system, respectively the 0.5th day after fertilising, the 1st day, the 3rd day, the 5th day, the 7th day and detected under the earth's surface content of full nitrogen, organic matter and nicotine in every kilogram of soil of 0 ~ 10cm on the 15th day, test-results sees Table 4, wherein, the mensuration of nicotine content adopts liquid chromatography technology, and the mensuration of soil nutrient content adopts the nutrient determinator to measure.
The manure trial data of table 4 trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer
Annotate: in the table 4, A is trichloroisocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Test shows, after using fertilizer of the present invention, nicotine in the soil, full nitrogen and organic content ratio are significantly improved when using separately trichloroisocyanuric acid or using separately tobacco waste dry powder, and, after fertilising, can reach peak value in the 1st day or the 3rd day, significantly accelerate the degradation speed of tobacco waste dry powder, improved soil fertility.
Test 4 trichloroisocyanuric acids or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer to the test of increasing crop yield
This tests used fertilizer is that the tobacco waste dry powder of trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+mistake 80 mesh sieves is by the fertilizer of different ratios preparation, the selected farm crop of this test are wild cabbage and tobacco, wherein, wild cabbage is used the tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer of trichloroisocyanuric acid+mistake 80 mesh sieves, tobacco is used the tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer of chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+mistake 80 mesh sieves.Specific operation process is, chooses kind of the field that wild cabbage is arranged, and 10 residential quarters are set, and each residential quarter is not less than 30m
2, wherein 2 residential quarters are the check plot, press respectively 50,000 g/acres consumption application of organic fertilizers in each residential quarter, use separately tobacco waste dry powder a check plot, do not use any fertilizer in another check plot.Fertilization time is after the field planting the 7th day.In like manner, identical with wild cabbage to the processing of tobacco.When to be gathered in the crops, measure respectively individual plant weight, plant height and the output of wild cabbage and tobacco and report as follows.
Table 5 trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer is to the testing data of increasing crop yield
Annotate: in the table 5, A is trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Test shows, use this fertilizer after, crop yield has had and has significantly improved, when the proportioning ratio was 1:500, the increase of production rate of wild cabbage was up to 21.36%, when the proportioning ratio was 1:300, the increase of production rate of tobacco was up to 19.84%.
Test 5 fertilizer granularities to the test of increasing crop yield
This tests used fertilizer was the fertilizer that five kinds of varigrained tobacco waste dry powder of 10 orders, 20 orders, 40 orders, 80 orders, 120 mesh sieves form with trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid respectively, and every kind of each constituent mass ratio of fertilizer is: trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid: tobacco waste dry powder=1:300.
The selected farm crop of this test are wild cabbage and tobacco, wherein, wild cabbage are used trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, and tobacco is used chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer.Specific operation process is, chooses kind of the field that wild cabbage is arranged, and 6 residential quarters are set, and each residential quarter is not less than 30m
2, one of them is the check plot, presses respectively 50,000 g/acres consumption application of organic fertilizers in each residential quarter, fertilization time is field planting the 7th day.In like manner, identical with wild cabbage to the processing of tobacco.When to be gathered in the crops, measure respectively individual plant weight, plant height and the output of wild cabbage and tobacco and report as follows.
Table 6 fertilizer granularity is to the testing data of increasing crop yield
Test shows that along with reducing of tobacco waste powder size, more for remarkable, effect of increasing production is more obvious for the fertilizer efficiency of this fertilizer.
Test 6 different solvents to the prevention effect test of soil-borne disease insect pest
Select respectively trichloromethane, chloroform, ether, solvent oil and microwave extracting means that tobacco leaf is extracted, residue dry powder is made into fertilizer with trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid respectively after extracting, and the proportioning ratio of this fertilizer is: trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:150 after tobacco leaf extracts.
Testing sequence: choose the farm crop field that exists certain or certain several garden to do harm to and test.To carry out same place, same time to the different solvents efficiency test of wireworm and black cutworm larvae wherein, the different solvents efficiency test of all the other insect mole crickets, grub, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm and banana root knot nematode in the different location and/or different time carry out; The different solvents efficiency test of eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani in the different location and/or different time carry out.When carrying out several gardens evil of certain or certain efficiency test, 11 residential quarters are set respectively, each residential quarter is not less than 30m
2, one of them residential quarter is the check plot, any fertilizer is not used in this residential quarter.The trichloroisocyanuric acid that five kinds of different extracting modes is configured to by 50,000 g/acres consumptions+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer directly spreads fertilizer over the fields respectively in 5 different districts wherein, the chlorobromide isocyanuric acid that five kinds of different extracting modes are configured to+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer directly spreads fertilizer over the fields respectively in other 5 different districts, adopt the conventional test of pesticide effectiveness, observe mole cricket in fertilising after three days, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, the Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, the banana root knot nematode, eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, the prevention effect of Fusarium solani, this test is when the report data, for five residential quarters of using trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, only report mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, the prevention effect of eggplant verticillium wilt, for five residential quarters of using chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco waste dry powder fertilizer, only report the Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, the banana root knot nematode, cucumber fusarium axysporum, the prevention effect of Fusarium solani.Table 7 is the datagram road situation of fertilising after 3 days.
Table 7 different solvents is to the prevention effect testing data of soil-borne disease insect pest
Test shows that the prevention effect of soil biography insect increases substantially behind the application of organic fertilizers, and insecticidal effect is very remarkable, and different solvents is on the not too large impact of toxic effect of fertilizer.
Test 7 different solvents to the increasing crop yield effect test
Select respectively trichloromethane, chloroform, ether, solvent oil and microwave extracting means that tobacco leaf is extracted, residue dry powder is made into fertilizer with trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid respectively after extracting, and the proportioning ratio of this fertilizer is: trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:150 after tobacco leaf extracts.
The selected farm crop of this test are wild cabbage and tobacco, wherein, wild cabbage is used trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer, tobacco is used chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer.Specific operation process is, chooses kind of the field that wild cabbage is arranged, and 6 residential quarters are set, and each residential quarter is not less than 30m
2, one of them is the check plot, does not use any fertilizer.Respectively in each residential quarter by 50,000 g/acres consumption application of organic fertilizers, fertilization time is after the field planting the 7th day.In like manner, identical with wild cabbage to the processing of tobacco.When to be gathered in the crops, measure respectively individual plant weight, plant height and the output of wild cabbage and tobacco and report as follows.The report data see Table 8.
Table 8 different solvents is to increasing crop yield effect test data
Test shows, the output of farm crop significantly improves behind the application of organic fertilizers, and different solvents changes not quite the growth level impact of wild cabbage crop yield, but different solvents is larger on the growth level impact of tobacco crop yield, when extracting solution was acetone, the tobacco production volume increase was particularly remarkable.
Test fertilizer under the 8 different proportionings to the test of pest controling effect
Select tobacco leaf residue behind the microwave extracting as the component of fertilizer, itself and trichloroisocyanuric acid are configured to the fertilizer of different ratios, impose on the 3rd day observation fertilizer after the system of farmland to the preventing effectiveness of insect, testing data sees Table 9 testing sequences with test 1, only change the fertilizer composition in the test 1, no longer be repeated in this description at this.
Fertilizer under the different proportionings of table 9 is to the testing data of pest controling effect
Annotate: in the table 9, A is trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is tobacco waste dry powder.
Test shows, compare with controlled trial (being A:B=1:0 or 0:1), has significant insecticidal effect after using fertilizer of the present invention, when the mass ratio of trichloroisocyanuric acid or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid and tobacco waste dry powder is between 1:50 ~ 900, insecticidal effect is the most remarkable, is preferably 1:300 ~ 500.
Test 9 chlorobromide isocyanuric acids+tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer manure trial
Select tobacco leaf residue behind the microwave extracting as the component of fertilizer, with itself and trichloroisocyanuric acid in mass ratio 1:300 be configured to fertilizer, respectively the 0.5th day behind broadcast application, the 1st day, the 3rd day, the 5th day, the 7th day and detected under the earth's surface content of full nitrogen, organic matter and nicotine in 0 ~ 10cm soil on the 15th day, test-results sees Table 10, wherein, the mensuration of nicotine content adopts liquid chromatography technology, and the mensuration of soil nutrient content adopts the nutrient determinator to measure.
Residue dry powder fertilizer manure trial data after table 10 chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extracts
Annotate: A is chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and B is residue dry powder behind the microwave extracting.
Test shows, after using fertilizer of the present invention, nicotine in the soil, full nitrogen and organic content ratio are significantly improved when using separately trichloroisocyanuric acid or using separately tobacco waste dry powder, and, after fertilising, can reach peak value on the 3rd day, significantly accelerate the degradation speed of tobacco waste dry powder, improved soil fertility.
The fertilizer of testing under the 10 different proportionings is Effects of Increasing Yield to farming
Select tobacco leaf residue behind the microwave extracting as the component of fertilizer, itself and trichloroisocyanuric acid are configured to the fertilizer of different ratios.Press 50,000 g/acres to behind wild cabbage and the tobacco crop applying, when results, measure individual plant weight, plant height, every per mu yield and the increase of production rate of wild cabbage, tobacco, see Table 10.
The selected farm crop of this test are wild cabbage and tobacco, wherein, wild cabbage is used trichloroisocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer, tobacco is used chlorobromide isocyanuric acid+tobacco leaf extract rear residue dry powder fertilizer.Specific operation process is, chooses kind of the field that wild cabbage is arranged, and 10 residential quarters are set, and each residential quarter is not less than 30m
2, wherein 2 is the check plot, presses respectively 50,000 g/acres consumption application of organic fertilizers in each residential quarter, the tobacco leaf residue after microwave extracting is used separately in a check plot is not used any fertilizer in another check plot.Fertilization time is after the field planting the 7th day.In like manner, identical with wild cabbage to the processing of tobacco.When to be gathered in the crops, measure respectively individual plant weight, plant height and the output of wild cabbage and tobacco and report as follows.
Fertilizer under the different proportionings of table 11 is the Effects of Increasing Yield data to farming
Annotate: use trichloroisocyanuric acid during to wild cabbage, use chlorobromide isocyanuric acid during to tobacco.
Test shows, use this fertilizer after, crop yield has had and has significantly improved, when the proportioning ratio was 1:500, the increase of production rate of wild cabbage was up to 17.66%, when the proportioning ratio was 1:300, the increase of production rate of tobacco was up to 21.40%.
Claims (9)
1. fertilizer, comprise the first component and the second component, the mass ratio of the first component and the second component is 1:1 ~ 900, wherein, the first component is trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and the second component is residue dry powder and/or tobacco waste dry powder after tobacco leaf extracts.
2. fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described the first component and the second component is 1:50 ~ 500.
3. fertilizer according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described the first component and the second component is 1:100 ~ 300.
4. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described fertilizers, it is characterized in that described tobacco waste dry powder is crossed 10 ~ 120 mesh sieves.
5. fertilizer according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described tobacco waste dry powder is crossed 40 ~ 80 mesh sieves.
6. a method of preventing and treating the soil-borne disease insect pest is characterized in that, the arbitrary described fertilizer of claim 1 to 5 is imposed on farmland system with the soil-borne disease insect pest.
7. the method for control soil-borne disease according to claim 6 insect pest, it is characterized in that described soil-borne disease insect pest is mole cricket, wireworm, grub, black cutworm larvae, Phyllotreta striolata larva, tomato root-knot eelworm, banana root knot nematode, eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber fusarium axysporum, Fusarium solani.
8. the preparation method of the arbitrary described fertilizer of claim 1 to 5 may further comprise the steps:
1) prepares tobacco waste dry powder, dry after tobacco waste is dried in the shade, then pulverize evenly, obtain tobacco waste dry powder;
2) residue dry powder after the preparation tobacco leaf extracts, tobacco leaf is extracted or with microwave tobacco leaf is extracted with polar solvent or medium polar solvent, obtain tobacco leaf and extract rear residue, dry after residue dried in the shade after tobacco leaf was extracted, then pulverize, obtain tobacco leaf and extract rear residue dry powder.
3) in mass ratio trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid: residue dry powder=1:1 after tobacco waste dry powder and/or tobacco leaf extract ~ 900, with trichloroisocyanuric acid and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid slowly and repeatedly admix on a small quantity tobacco waste dry powder and/or the step 2 of step 1) gained) tobacco leaf of gained extract after in the residue dry powder;
Wherein, when the second component of fertilizer is tobacco waste dry powder, adopt step 1) and 3);
When the second component of fertilizer is the rear residue of tobacco leaf extraction, adopt step 2) and 3);
When the second component of fertilizer is tobacco waste dry powder and the rear residue mixture of tobacco leaf extraction, adopt step 1), 2) and 3).
9. the preparation method of fertilizer according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described step 2) in the polar solvent that adopts be trichloromethane, chloroform, ether or solvent oil.
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| CN114831126A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-08-02 | 湖南神隆海洋生物工程有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases by using trichloroisocyanuric acid and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1190533A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1998-08-19 | 钱小刚 | Biocide composition for plant pathogenic microganism, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN101353284A (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2009-01-28 | 广东福利龙复合肥有限公司 | Insets expelling biological organic fertilizer and preparation thereof |
| CN101555179A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2009-10-14 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Pest-resistant organic fertilizer and preparing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1190533A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1998-08-19 | 钱小刚 | Biocide composition for plant pathogenic microganism, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN101353284A (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2009-01-28 | 广东福利龙复合肥有限公司 | Insets expelling biological organic fertilizer and preparation thereof |
| CN101555179A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2009-10-14 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Pest-resistant organic fertilizer and preparing method thereof |
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| CN114831126A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-08-02 | 湖南神隆海洋生物工程有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases by using trichloroisocyanuric acid and application |
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