CN1028625C - 用超声熔接生产口袋 - Google Patents

用超声熔接生产口袋 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1028625C
CN1028625C CN91105546A CN91105546A CN1028625C CN 1028625 C CN1028625 C CN 1028625C CN 91105546 A CN91105546 A CN 91105546A CN 91105546 A CN91105546 A CN 91105546A CN 1028625 C CN1028625 C CN 1028625C
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Prior art keywords
pocket
film
anvil
radiation body
ultrasonic radiation
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN91105546A
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English (en)
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CN1058935A (zh
Inventor
让·马利·丹尼斯
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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Publication of CN1058935A publication Critical patent/CN1058935A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/741—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area characterised by the relationships between the joining step and the severing step
    • B29C65/7415—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area characterised by the relationships between the joining step and the severing step characterised by the pressure relationship between the joining step and the severing step
    • B29C65/7416—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area characterised by the relationships between the joining step and the severing step characterised by the pressure relationship between the joining step and the severing step the joining step and the severing step being performed at different pressures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7443—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc by means of ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7888—Means for handling of moving sheets or webs
    • B29C65/7891—Means for handling of moving sheets or webs of discontinuously moving sheets or webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7897—Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being non-straight, e.g. forming non-closed contours
    • B29C66/2442—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being non-straight, e.g. forming non-closed contours in the form of a single arc of circle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7373—Joining soiled or oxidised materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
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Abstract

处于已装物状态的口袋类容器，可以用超声熔接技术封口。起声熔接可在被装入口袋的物品涂盖的接缝区域完成有效的封口。另外利用超声熔接封口的口袋可利用超声封口装置在封口后与另一个口袋切开。这可通过具有给定角度侧壁的超声辐射体上的能量控制器，及通过增加超声辐射体朝向砧的压力而实现。

Description

本发明涉及利用超声熔接技术生产已装有物品的薄膜口袋的装置及方法。更具体地说，涉及利用超声封口装置通过对薄膜间的接缝封口而形成口袋，该装置也用于切割薄膜而形成单个的口袋。
有许多技术可用于生产薄膜口袋。不管用哪种技术，必须要进行封口。平面薄膜必须被处理成一个前面部分和后面部分。完成这项任务可有许多方法。一种比较方便的办法就是首先将薄膜形成管状然后将其制成口袋。在该技术中，有一个纵向的接缝使薄膜形成管状，及端部的接缝以形成口袋。先形成管状再形成口袋的技术的优点在于，在将管状薄膜制成口袋的过程中，口袋内可被装入物品。使口袋在同一工序中成形并装物有很多优越性。
在制作口袋时对薄膜封口可采用各种技术。可利用粘结剂封口，可用加热板对热塑薄膜封口。电介质加热，也称为射频（RF）加热，也可以用来封口。但是，利用超声封口与所有这些技术相比更具优势，特别适于在成形/装物工序中使用。在使用粘接剂时，会产生溶剂去除问题。而且也需要粘接时间。使用加热板封口的效率是很低的，因为必须利用热传导进行加热。在用RF能量加热时，是对薄膜整个厚度而不是表面进行加热。这种方法虽然能提供很好的封口，但只限于能吸收足够量的射频能量而软化的薄膜。而且，由于薄膜的整个厚度都被加热，存在着加热过度而使薄膜残片即烧熔物（flash）附在电 极上，需对其进行清除，影响了由该电极进行的下一道封口工序。
人们发现，利用超声封口技术制作热塑薄膜口袋与利用粘接剂，加热板或射频能量相比具有许多进步，在超声封口时，仅仅是要结合的表面被加热，而不是对薄膜的整个厚度进行加热。其优点是，不能吸收足够的RF能量的薄膜也可以用来制作口袋。因为只是在表面产生热量，所以也可避免产生烧熔物的问题。
人们还发现，在成形装物的工序中使用超声封口具有突出的优点。即口袋制成的同时，就已装进要装的物品。在成形/装物工序中存在的问题是在装进物品的工序中，物品有与要粘接的区域接触的趋向。在其它封口技术中，包括RF封口，可能产生封口不牢的问题。但是，在超声封口时，要粘接的表面在粘接之前有一个清洁过程，这可以通过面对面的振动而实现。结果证明，在形成/装物的工序中使用超声封口具有显著优点，它提供了持久的高强度的封口。
超声技术可用来使许多种材料结合。也可用来制造提包或口袋。在美国专利NO4734，142中披露了一种利用超声封口技术的提包封口机械。生产的提包可用于装肉或其它物品，美国专利NO4767，492也披露了一种用超声技术对筒状容器封口。这些容器是在装入物品后，分步骤地进行封口。在美国专利NO4866，914中披露了一种用于对口袋封口的超声装置。物品先放入袋中随后在另一个操作中将口袋进行超声封口。在该项专利中，任何粘附于封口表面的外来物都将在封口操作中被消除。这些专利显示了超声封口技术的现状。但是，在这些专利中，没有任何一种是直接在成形/装物过程中使用超声封口的。
用超声辐射体（ultrasonic    horn）和砧（anvil）同时对薄膜封口并切割也是已知的。美国专利3，939，033中披露了一种方法，一个固定装置具有一个第一凸起装置用于封口及一个第二凸起装置用于切割。但是，人们发现，在同一表面可同时进行封口和切割，这促使了更高效的超声设备的产生。
人们业已发现，在生产口袋的成形/装物工序中使用超声封口技术具有许多优点。超声封口优于利用粘接剂，导热或电介质加热封口，最突出的优点是能在要封口部分的表面被加热到熔点的同时对该表面进行清洁。而这一点在成形/装物的工序中是很重要的。在该工序中，口袋的形成及装入物品是在同一工序中进行的。在装物的操作中，要包装的物品，通常是液体，在注入开口的袋子时，会弄脏一些封口的部分。为了得到好的封口，这部分必须要进行清洁。实现这一点可有许多方法。但是，最为有效的还是利用超声封口技术。采用这种方法，要封口的部分在封口时将得到清洁。
而且，本发明的一部分为超声封口装置的使用，该装置是由超声辐射体及砧构成，可实现对薄膜封口及切割的双重目的。这是在超声辐射体及砧的同一表面进行的。加工成型的切割面，最好为砧的一部分并且截面为三角形。三角形的外底角为120°～160°左右，内角则为20°～60°。其顶部为平滑的刀刃。
图1为用超声技术制成的具有喙状出口的口袋的正视图。
图2为用于对图1的口袋的纵向接缝封口的封口装置的正视图。
图3为用于对薄膜封口及切割的砧的截面图。
图4为用于形成图1中的口袋的顶部，底部封口及喙状出口的超声辐射体/砧组件的顶部平面视图。
图5为图4中超声辐射体/砧沿线5-5的截面图。
图6为横向的超声辐射体及粘组件的正视图。
图7为用于口袋成形和装物的成形/装物装置的正视图。
本发明涉及在口袋中装入物品的过程中对袋状包装物的超声封口方法以及使用超声辐射体及砧组件作为同时对热塑薄膜封口及切割的装置。因此，所述的超声辐射体和/或砧组件必须具有特定的形状以便具有对热塑薄膜封口然后在封口区域将其切割的双重功能。
为了实现对热塑薄膜进行超声封口又随后将其切割，超声辐射体或砧至少其一要被加工成一定形状以适合用于切割操作。将超声辐射体及砧都加工成能更有效地切割形状是可行的，但这是不必要的。只要超声辐射体或砧被加工成适合于切割的形状就行了。就这一点来讲，最好对砧的形状进行加工，这是由于加工后的部件会有更大的磨损，砧的加速磨损，要比超声辐射体的加速磨损要好一些。
本发明的方法将结合具有排出口的口袋制作进行描述。图1给出了一个示意性的口袋。口袋用10表示，并具有一个后表面11，纵向封口12，底部封口13及顶部封口14，还有一个喙状出口15其缺口为17及相联的封口为16。口袋的后表面得以示出。
在形成图1所示的口袋并在其中装入物品的过程中，第一步就是将薄膜的边缘重叠大约0.1cm-1.0cm形成一个接缝而成为管状，让接缝通过一个纵向超声封口设备的超声辐射体与砧之间。由于此时接缝已处于超声辐射体与砧之间，在超声辐射体和/或砧的压 力及超声能量的作用下，热塑材料在接缝处被加热而结合。压力最好加在超声辐射体上。经过这个步骤之后，薄膜即成为管状。在侧接缝封口的同时，最好在下面的口袋上形成顶部接缝并进行封口。而且在此刻最好也在这个下面的口袋上形成喙状出口并在再下面的口袋上形成底部封口。这样做是由于薄膜处于静止位置，为了提高效率，可同时在薄膜上进行一个以上的操作。于是侧封口，顶部及喙部封口，底部封口都立即被完成，尽管是在不同的口袋上进行的。这些顶部及喙状出口的接缝是由与侧封口设备相对分离的横向超声封口设备形成的。第一步，下面的横面超声封口设备将管状的薄膜的内表面接触形成顶部及喙状出口接缝，然后，通过施加压力及超声能量将该口袋的顶部接缝熔接在一起，然后通过表面的结合，使喙状出口成形。现在薄膜形成为一个倒置的口袋，口袋的上端是敞开的。这时就可以准备装入物品了，物品通常为液体。装入后，已装物的口袋向下移动横向超声封口装置起动进行下一个循环。在这个已装物的口袋上的底部封口就是这下一次循环中形成的。同时相邻的上面的口袋的顶部封口还有喙状出口的封口也被形成。在每个循环中，当这些封口都完成后，停止提供超声能量增加向砧施加的朝向超声辐射体的压力。这样砧及超声辐射体即起到一个切割装置的作用以切割薄膜，形成上面的口袋的喙状出口，并将现在已经封口并装入物品的下面的口袋与已形成顶部封口并装入物品的下面的口袋与已形成顶部封口但还未装入物品的上面的口袋切开。
总之，在横向超声封口装置对已装物的下面的管状口袋底部接缝封口的同时，也将对上面的口袋的顶部封口并形成喙状出口。由于薄 膜处于静止位置，上述步骤可与其它封口步骤同时进行。这样，在成型/装物的工序中，当薄膜行进而处于暂停止的间歇时，三种不同的封口操作可同时进行。即，对侧接缝封口形成管状，在侧接缝被封口后再进行顶部封口及制作出口以形成口袋，在刚刚装入物品的下面的口袋上进行底部封口。在上面的口袋的顶部封口及喙状出口及下面的口袋底部封口被形成后，超声能量停止，将下面的已装物的口袋与上面的空口袋切口。然后，下面的已装物的口袋向前传送以便包装，同时上面的已形成的口袋被装入物品。而且在上面的工序中，由于横向封口被完成，喙装出口也被形成。
这些口袋长期以来存在的问题是在口袋内装入物品时，横向封口部分会造成污染。这种污染是由装入口袋内的物品造成的，如流入口袋的物品的污迹及在装物过程结束时物品的滴落的污染。由于将要对内部的热塑表面进行粘合，二者之间过分的污染会影响横向封口的强度。但是，在超声封口过程中，只是对薄膜的结合处加热而不是对热塑薄膜的整个厚度加热，利用超声封口与其它技术相比可产生更有效的熔接封口。这是因为超声能量被会聚在热塑薄膜的内交接面上并能非常有效地在封口之前除去在这些表面的污染物。这是与射频加热也称电介质加热相反的。射频加热是对热塑薄膜的整个厚度进行的，而不是在热塑薄膜的交接面集中能量，也不能起到清洁要结合的表面的作用。
纵向封口装置见图2所示。超声辐射体20和砧21可都具有一个平的工作面。这两个面可都是平坦的，也可以是一个具有某种形状而另一个是平坦的，在使用中，超声辐射的表面22紧密接近于砧的 表面23。砧最好用经过每个装置的流动水或其它流体进行冷却。如果必要也可用气流对超声辐射体进行冷却。这样超声辐射体及其固定结构都被设计成能够被冷却型。出于这种考虑，砧具有一个进水口27及出水口28用于流过冷却流体。尽管可采用通常所用的频率用于超声封口，但最好采用10KHz～70KHz左右的频率，20KHz～40KHz最佳。能量通过增强器（booster）29提供给超声辐射体。
纵向封口装置被设计成为用于封口，不必具有切割薄膜的作用。但是，当该装置也需用于切割时，超声封口装置的砧将具有与图3横截面所示的接触面。面30的角A大约为120°～160°最好为150°～175°，其内角大约为20°～60°。顶部23（a）为刀刃并足够有效地封口，而且当超声辐射体与砧之间的压力增加时薄膜可被切开。
在图4中显示于用于形成图1所示的口袋的顶部及底部封口以及喙状出口的砧组件。该装置可同时形成下面的口袋的底部封口及相邻的上面的口袋的顶部封口及喙状出口周围的封口。在这些封口被形成后，超声辐射体与砧之间的压力被增加，在一个口袋的底部封口与另一个口袋之间的热塑材料以及在喙状出口部位的多余部分被切开。这种超声封口装置必须具有足够的能量以便完成封口并使材料变薄以便接下来切开热塑薄膜。其表面的形状也可使薄膜变薄。超声波的频率在10KHz～70KHz较好，20KHz～40KHz为最佳。
图4中显示的是超声封口装置中的砧组件40。该部分包括基座支撑板表面41，该表面支撑顶部及底部封口砧42及喙状出口砧 43。每一个砧从支撑板表面凸起的程度相同。砧42具有一个面44，该面与相应的超声辐射体表面接触，砧42具有一个表面45并与相应的超声辐射体表面接触。基座板可被经管口46和47通过该板的流体冷却。
接触面44和45具有刀刃的形状能有效地取得所需的封口并随后切断薄膜。为了与所需的封口一致，该面最好为刀刃状。这种超声封口装置的砧的形状在图5中被更详细地示出。砧在水平轴线（在图5中也即基座板）边的外角大约为120°～160°，最好为135°～150°结果内角则为20°～60°而最好则为70°～45°。砧被加工的形状要能产生有效的封口并在封口之后有效地对薄膜切割。在封口操作中，砧及超声辐射体之间的压力大约为10kg/cm2～50kg/cm2。用于切割薄膜时，则增加到20kg/cm2～100kg/cm2。所增加的压力取决于在封口操作中使用的压力。压力可通过将砧向超声辐射体移动或将超声辐射体向砧移动而得到增加。
图6显示了用于形成顶部和底部封口以及喙状出口封口的一个完整的横向超声封口装置，它基本上包括砧组件40和超声辐射体35该装置可用于产生顶部及底部封口及喙状出口封口。超声辐射体具有一个平面36与砧的加工成形的面44和45接触。超声能量从增强器37传送到辐射体。然而，如上所述，除了砧可被加工成易于切割薄膜的形状以外，超声辐射体也可因此目的而进行形状加工。二者必须有一个的形状被加工成在封口后可用于切割薄膜。如果超声辐射体用来切割薄膜，超声辐射体的接触部分36必须是所示的砧的形状，
在这种情况下，砧将具有一个平坦的表面。
超声辐射体可用钛，镍铜合金，铝或铝合金制造。钛是制作超声辐射体比较适合的金属、砧可以用与超声辐射体相同或另外的金属制造。也可以用不锈钢制造。它应当具有较低的磨损率。
图7示出了一种较佳的（口袋）成型/装物装置。在该装置中，图1中所示的口袋被形成并装物，但是上下颠倒的。也就是说，在管状薄膜的较低位置部分先形成喙状出口及顶部封口。部分形成的口袋随后被装入物品，然后形成底部封口。这种布置对具有喙状出口的口袋来说是必要的，因为在喙状出口形成之后必须要向口袋内装物。薄膜51从供料辊50上展开并向下绕过张力辊53及导向辊53及54。然后通过辊56并向下到达（口袋）成型/装物部分。通过成型器57薄膜形成一个开口的管状。成型器57由接收被包装物品的装入管支撑，被包装的物品通常的液体产品，由供料管58供料。开口的薄膜通过供料管58到达形成接缝及纵向封口部分60。在封口部分，导向装置61引导薄膜形成一个重叠的纵向接缝以便由纵向超声封口装置封口。纵向超声辐射体63从发射器62接收超声能量。砧是由装入管59承载的。此时为管状的薄膜排出纵向封口部分60，并在控制器64作用下向下移动。控制器是间歇地移动薄膜的，以便停下来进行封口、切割及装物的操作。控制器包括移动薄膜的驱动辊65。
在控制器以下的部分，管状薄膜在67被横向封口。这是通过下面的封口装置完成的，与图4、5、6所示一样。该封口装置将形成口袋的顶部封口及喙状出口形成一个一端敞开的口袋。这个口袋是倒置的。同时，被装入物品的下面的口袋进行底部封口。这些都是在超 声辐射体与砧之间的第一压力及施加超声能量下完成的。在第二次较高的压力且不施加超声能量下，薄膜被切开使下面的口袋分离并形成上面口袋的喙状出口。在这种顺序中，在顶部封口及喙状出口形成后，从装入管59的出口66向口袋内装入物品。在装物步骤之后，口袋向下移动，横向超声封口装置进入下一轮循环，产生该口袋的底部封口及另一个口袋的顶部封口及喙状出口。
如上面所提到的，薄膜的移动是间歇性的，薄膜停止以便进行封口及装物。因此，每次薄膜停止时，纵向超声封口装置63工作，同样，横向超声封口装置67也工作，而且在薄膜停止移动时，已形成的口袋被装入物品。
从基本上讲，任何能被超声能量熔化的薄膜都可以用来制作现在这种口袋。这种特定的热塑薄膜可以是非晶材料，由可以是晶体材料。比较合适的材料包括丙烯酸共聚物、纤维素，次苯基氧化物，聚碳酸酯及聚苯乙烯。通常晶体树脂与非晶树脂相比不如后者那样容易用超声技术封口。晶体树脂较硬。柔性薄膜最为适宜。但是乙缩醛树脂、含氟聚合物树脂，酰胺纤维树脂，聚酯树脂也可用于超声封口技术，比较好的薄膜是至少包括一层乙烯乙酸乙烯酯（ethylene-vinyl    acatate），另一层或其它层可为聚烯烃，例如聚乙烯聚丙烯，聚丁烯及聚丁二烯。
利用本发明的超声封口装置形成的口袋的大小可以是任意的。但大小最好为50CC-2l左右。这一尺寸是根据包装技术的类型，为方便提携而确定的。口袋内包装的物品包括个人用品，家务用品及食品等。在个人用品的项目中有液体肥皂，香波，洗涤液。家务用品 包括清洁，抛光制品，织物漂白制品及普通肥皂制品，食品有调味品，肉汁（gravies）果汁饮料及类似品。
实例1
本实例示出了利用图7所示的成形/装物装置使口袋形成并装物的过程。
一种厚度为0.70mm，宽度为16cm的聚乙烯/乙烯乙酸乙烯酯复合薄膜从供料辊50供料并经过辊52，53，54及56到达口袋形成及装物装置。薄膜以连续的形式51供给成形/装物装置。当薄膜经过上面成型模具57时，即被形成一个具有重叠的纵向接缝的管状。重叠部分大约为10mm薄膜通过纵向超声辐射体63及固定装置之间。挤压的压力大约为40kg/cm2，在此操作中，薄膜移动有片刻停顿。薄膜的边缘处于纵向超声辐射体与砧（如图2所示）之间，在频率为20KHz的超声能量作用下，完成侧封口。同时，在管状薄膜的下面形成横向底部封口及喙状出口。这是由横向超声辐射体及可移动式砧组件67（如图4～图6所示）完成的。同时，形成这个口袋的顶部封口及喙状出口，在下面的已经装物的口袋上形成底部封口。用来进行这些封口的超声频率为35KHz。在封口时，横向超声辐射体与砧组件之间的压力大约为40kg/cm2。当在此口袋上已形成侧部、顶部封口以及喙状出口后，刚刚形成底部开口的口袋被装入250CC漂白液。下面已经封闭的口袋被切开并被传送出去包装。切开工作是通过将超声辐射体与固定装置之间的挤压压力增加到90kg/cm2而完成的。这时无需提供超声能量。这样就完成了一个机械循环，这个循环随后重复 进行。
将有一定代表数量的口袋的封口接缝在压力测试器上进行测试。压力测试器具有一个固定及一个可移动的平板。样品放在平板之间，口袋上的压力增加。爆破压力大于150kg说明已装物的口袋是合格的。口袋能保持承受的压力大于150kg。

Claims (16)

1、一种用于形成一定形状的被封口的，可装有液体物质的柔性薄膜口袋的制作方法，包括利用超声能量将柔性薄膜部分地形成口袋，将部分形成的口袋装入所述的液体物质，封闭口袋的装物开口，其特征在于所述的开口的封闭是利用由超声辐射体向砧提供的超声能量，在第一接触压力的作用下进行的，然后增加接触压力至第二接触压力，从而使已填充的及封闭的口袋的其所连接的薄膜分开。
2、如权利要求1的方法，其特征是其中一个模具将所述薄膜形成具有大约0.1-1.0cm重叠边缘的管状。
3、如权利要求1的方法，其特征是其中所述的重叠边缘在超声辐射体与砧之间受到大约10kg/cm2-50kg/cm2的接触压力及频率大约在10KHz-70KHz左右的超声能量的作用。
4、如权利要求1的方法，其特征是其中所述的上面部分及下面部分的所述封口吸将口袋相互切开是通过超声辐射体与砧之间向所述的管子施加10kg/cm2-70kg/cm2左右的压力，以及频率为10KHz-50KHz的超声能量完成的。然后增加所述的超声辐射体与砧之间的压力，大约为20kg/cm2-100kg/cm2左右，以在已经完成封口的区域将薄膜切开。
5、如权利要求1的方法，其特征在于其中所述的柔性薄膜至少有一层可用超声能量使其粘结。
6、如权利要求5的方法，其特征在于其中所述的柔性薄膜至少具有一多烯层及一个乙烯乙酸乙烯酯。
7、如权利要求6的方法，其特征在于其中所述的多烯层是从包括聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚丁烯和聚丁二烯等此类材料中选取的。
8、如权利要求1的方法，其特征是其中所述的柔性薄膜是连续供应的，形成一个连续的管状，然后封口形成连续的管子。
9、如权利要求1的方法，其特征是其中所述的柔性薄膜在所述的上面部分及下面部分被封口及一个口袋5另一个口袋切开时，是处于静止的位置。
10、如权利要求1的方法，其特征是其中在对顶部接缝及与之相邻的状出口封口的过程中，在喙状出口处的多余薄膜部分在第二个步骤时被切掉。
11、一种用于口袋形成和装物的装置，包括：
使柔性薄膜形成一个具有重叠的纵向接缝的管状的装置;
第一超声辐射体及砧组件;
用于在所述的第一超声辐射体与砧之间，将所述的柔性薄膜的重叠纵向接缝定位的装置;
用于激励所述的第一超声辐射体及砧组件对所述的纵向接缝封口以形成口袋的装置;
位于所述的第一超声辐射体及砧组件之后，在所述的管袋上形成顶部及底部封口而形成口袋的第二超声辐射体及砧组件;
在形成所述的底部封口之后，所述的顶部封口之前，向所述口袋装物的装入装置;
其特征在于用于激励所述的第二超声辐体及砧组件，在第一压力下形成所述的顶部及底部接缝并在第二压力下切割已封口薄膜使已装物的口袋与所述的管袋分离。
12、如权利要求11的装置，其特征是包括在所述的第一超声辐射体与固定装置之间产生大约10kg/cm2-70kg/cm2压力的装置。
13、如权利要求11的装置，其特征是其中所述的第二超声辐射体与砧组件包括一个具有凸起切割面的砧。
14、如权利要求17的装置，其特征是其中所述的凸起的切割面具有一个120°-160°左右的外底角。
15、如权利要求11的装置，其特征是其中所述的第二固定装置具有一个适合于在封口之后切割薄膜的表面。
16、如权利要求11的装置，其特征是包括在封口时在所述的第二超声辐射体及砧之间产生大约10kg/cm2-70kg/cm2压力及在切割时产生20kg/cm2-100kg/cm2压力的装置。
CN91105546A 1990-08-13 1991-08-12 用超声熔接生产口袋 Expired - Fee Related CN1028625C (zh)

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