CN102845595A - Feed for herbivorous fishes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed for herbivorous fishes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102845595A CN102845595A CN2012103165702A CN201210316570A CN102845595A CN 102845595 A CN102845595 A CN 102845595A CN 2012103165702 A CN2012103165702 A CN 2012103165702A CN 201210316570 A CN201210316570 A CN 201210316570A CN 102845595 A CN102845595 A CN 102845595A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for herbivorous fishes. The feed comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of bone meal, wheat bran, bean cake, rice bran, rapeseeds, a composite vitamin premix, a traditional Chinese medicinal composite additive, a mineral matter premix and a feed adhesive. The traditional Chinese medicinal composite additive further comprises the following traditional Chinese medicine bulk drugs: dyers woad leaves, common andrographis herb, Indian bread, root of large-flowered skullcap, weeping forsythia capsule, patrinia herb, curcuma tuber, heartleaf houttuynia herb, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, red sage root, dodder seeds, tangshen, milkvetch root, heydyotis and white peony root. According to the invention, the feed for herbivorous fishes is in accordance with demands for intensive and large-scale production in the current aquaculture industry; a compound preparation is prepared from raw materials for the feed according to a certain proportion, which enables synergistic effects of the bulk drugs in the traditional Chinese medicinal composite additive to be better performed; a steaming process is utilized to allow starch in the feed adhesive to agglutinate at different temperatures, so the degree of expansion is increased, the degree of gelatinization of the starch is substantially improved, the effects of a chemical adhesive in feed processing can be totally replaced, and sinking performance and binding performance of the feed are enhanced, which is beneficial for growth and culture of herbivorous fishes and enables good economic benefits and social benefits to be created.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed of producing as raw material with animal, plant and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of herbivorous fishes feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Herbivorous fishes are with grass carp, and catfish is representative.These fish inhabit the rivers and lakes of plains region, and general happiness occupy middle lower floor and the many pasture and water of the offshore zone of water.The property active, swimming often hunts in packs rapidly.Be typical herbivorous fishes.Because its growth is rapid, feed resource is wide, is one of four large Chinese carps of CHINESE FRESHWATER cultivation.The factor that affects the fish bait quality mainly contains: 1. material quality; 2. processing technology and equipment; 3. equipment operating management; 4. formula Design.Material quality is the primary factor that determines the fish bait quality.The selection of raw material be the more important thing is the digestion feature that will consider by letting animals feed except according to the conventional criteria.For fish, its digestive system must from being conducive to the digest and assimilate of fish, be selected more should pay attention to this point for the raw material of postlarva and juvenile fish bait when selecting raw material not as good as terraria.Noticeable especially have 2 points: the 1. enzyme processing of raw material.For improving juvenile fish to the digesting and assimilating of bait, should utilize digestive ferment in advance albumen and energy bins to be divided and carry out external digestion, make albumen and energy component after the enzyme processing, obtain degraded.It should be noted that when selecting exogenous enzymes that should adapt with water temperature, this technology has been widely used in the production of enzymic fodder at present; 2. because some trace element has inhibitory action such as Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ etc. to digestive ferment, its inhibiting rate reaches 50%～90%.For this reason, this class trace element is adopted coated chelating as far as possible or trace element is made soap, the time-delay of these micro-metal ions and digestive ferment is met, to reduce metal ion to the digestion enzyme inhibition.
Growth of Grass Carps Ctenopharyngodon Idellus is rapid, and with regard to whole growth course, body long fastest-rising period is 1-2 age, body weight gain then with 2-3 age for the rapidest.After 4 ages, fish reached sexal maturity, just increase and significantly slow down.1 age in winter fish length be 340 millimeter, body weight be 750 the gram about; 2 age in winter fish length be about 600 millimeters, 3.5 kilograms of body weight; 3 age in winter fish length be 680 millimeter, about 5 kilograms of body weight; 4 age in winter fish length be 740 millimeter, about 7 kilograms of body weight; 5 age in winter the fish body can reach 780 millimeter, about 7.5 kilograms of body weight; Maximum individuality can reach about 40 kilograms.Growth of Grass Carps Ctenopharyngodon Idellus is fast, and individual large, maximum individuality can reach 40 kilograms.Meat fertilizer is tender, delicious.Every hectogram edible part contains protein 15.5-26.6 gram, fatty 1.4-8.9 gram, heat 83-187 kilocalorie, calcium 18-160 milligram, phosphorus 30-312 milligram, iron 0.7-9.3 milligram, 0.03 milligram of thiamine, 0.17 milligram in riboflavin, 2.2 milligrams of niacins.Grass carp is simple because of feeding habits, and feed source is extensive, and growth rapidly, and output is high, and what often be used as pond culture and lake, reservoir, river course mainly puts object in a suitable place to breed.After artificial induced spawning in 1958, the success of fertilization and hatching technology, fry, fingerling source have become the main intensive culture object of China easily.Grass carp also can be removed in the water body and littoral grass because of it, and is put in a suitable place to breed one, two year for swinging outside by the fisherman, with reclamation of wasteland weeding.Grass carp can be removed rapidly the various careless classes of water body because of it and is called as " pioneer ".China has in Guangdong the ridge is built in waste field latter stage the Tang Dynasty, fills with rainwater, puts grass carp one, 2 years in a suitable place to breed, to remove weeds, makes the record in ripe field.Grass carp is normal to be raised together with together with silver carp, flathead, drops into green grass and raises grass carp, and be retained in feed in the water and the refuse of grass carp discharge, decompose by fermentation, can be bacterial reproduction adapt circumstance is provided, and then turn out planktonic organism, bacterium and planktonic organism can be used as again the feed of silver carp, flathead.Grass carp is distributed widely in the plains region in Guangdong to the northeast of China except Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Platean.After artificial induced spawning and insemination in 1958 is hatched successfully, many countries in Asia, Europe, the United States, non-each continent have been migrated to
Fish meal is the key factor that affects fish culture, also must be to safety and environmental protection feed future development.In the production process of hard pellet diet, starch burn degree is low, causes the resistance to water of final products poor.And fish meal is higher to the requirement of resistance to water, and the resistance to water that therefore improves fish meal just seems particularly important.In the process variation of various factors on quality of the fodder particularly resistance to water larger impact is arranged.Set about optimized production process from process, improve processing conditions and be and improve the effective method of resistance to water.
China mainly concentrates in the preliminary treatment of food processing field and feedstuff the research of extrusion technique, in the production of extruding fish meal, also be in the starting stage, on the one hand because extrusion machinery is relatively expensive, maintenance cost is higher, cause the production cost of fish meal to increase, thereby cause the raising of fish culture cost; Owing in extrusion process, have various controllable factors and disturbing factor, the variation of these factors has larger impact to product quality on the other hand.If in process of production, can not control timely and effectively various factors, then be difficult to guarantee the stability of production process and the quality of final products.Therefore, come study various factors on the impact of final products resistance to water and sinking from feed processing technology, can provide the technological guidance for the production process of reality, thereby be conducive to the improvement of production process condition, improve the fish meal quality, also be conducive to promote the healthy and sustainable development of fish culture industry, improve culture benefit.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of both nutritious, and allotment is simple, is beneficial to fish and digests and assimilates, and improves digestibility; For improving juvenile fish to the digesting and assimilating of bait, various compositions are mutually bonding again, and feed density improves, and products obtained therefrom is heavy property, adapts to the herbivorous fishes feed of fish life style; Add as required simultaneously nutritional labeling and Chinese medicine composition, strengthen physique and the immunity of fish, improve flesh quality.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of herbivorous fishes feed, comprise in the following component one or more: bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive, mineral substance premix, feed adhesive.
The ratio of weight and number of described component can be bone meal 10-15 part, wheat bran 10-20 part, rice bran 10-15 part, soya-bean cake 10-15 part, vegetable seed 10-15 part, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 1-2 part, complex vitamin premix 1-2 part, mineral substance premix 0.5-1 part, feed adhesive 10-15 part.
Described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive may further include following bulk drug: folium isatidis, Herba Andrographitis, Poria cocos, the root of large-flowered skullcap, the capsule of weeping forsythia, field pennycress, root tuber of aromatic turmeric, cordate houttuynia, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, the red sage root, the seed of Chinese dodder, Radix Codonopsis, the Radix Astragali, oldenlandia diffusa and the root of herbaceous peony.
The ratio of weight and number of the bulk drug of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive can be folium isatidis 5～10 weight portions, Herba Andrographitis 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 5～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 5～10 weight portions, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 5～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～10 weight portions, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 5～10 weight portions, the red sage root 5～10 weight portions, the seed of Chinese dodder 5～10 weight portions; Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions and the root of herbaceous peony 5～10 weight portions.
The ratio of weight and number of the bulk drug of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive can also be folium isatidis 5～8 weight portions, Herba Andrographitis 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 5～8 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 5～8 weight portions, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 5～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～8 weight portions, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 5～8 weight portions, the red sage root 5～8 weight portions, the seed of Chinese dodder 5～10 weight portions; Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions and the root of herbaceous peony 5～10 weight portions.
The ratio of weight and number of the bulk drug of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive also can be folium isatidis 5～10 weight portions, Herba Andrographitis 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 8～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 8～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 8～10 weight portions, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 8～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 8～10 weight portions, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 5～10 weight portions, the red sage root 8～10 weight portions, the seed of Chinese dodder 5～10 weight portions; Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions and the root of herbaceous peony 5～10 weight portions.
The ratio of weight and number of the bulk drug of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive can be folium isatidis 5～10 weight portions, Herba Andrographitis 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 8～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～8 weight portions, field pennycress 5～10 weight portions, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 5～8 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～10 weight portions, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 8～10 weight portions, the red sage root 5～8 weight portions, the seed of Chinese dodder 5～10 weight portions again; Radix Codonopsis 8～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～8 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 8～10 weight portions and the root of herbaceous peony 5～10 weight portions.
Described feed adhesive may further include: Strong flour and starch, wherein the ratio of weight and number of Strong flour and starch is, 5-6:4-5.
Use starch can be cornstarch in the described adhesive, the ratio of weight and number of wherein giving birth to starch and ripe starch is 80-85:15-20.
The Strong flour that uses in the described adhesive can be the flour of protein wt degree 13.5%-42%.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of described herbivorous fishes feed, its concrete steps are: get bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, mineral substance premix by described ratio of weight and number, co-grinding sieves, stir after pouring again the Chinese traditional medicine composition additive into, get raw mix; Get feed adhesive and add water and begin modifiedly, pour in the spraying machine after stirring, also pour into the aforementioned base materials mixture in the spraying machine; it is fully mixed, with 60 degrees centigrade of water temperature modulation in the spraying machine, open sprayer; stirred 1 minute rapidly, the sprayer water temperature is controlled at 60-70 ℃, and feed adhesive and raw mix are fully binded; continue to be warming up to 90 ℃ and finish expandedly, put into granulator after making it evenly, granulate; sieve; cooling, drying obtains feed.
The concrete method for making of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive can for: first described Chinese medicine material medicinal powder is broken into meal, further repeatedly pulverizes, cross 120 mesh sieves, the fine powder amount that enable pass is crossed 120 mesh sieves reaches or greater than 30%; Collection gets fine powder a by the fine powder of 120 mesh sieves; Can not drop into multi-function extractor by the meal of 120 mesh sieves again and extract twice, and add weight portion 8-10 times of water gaging for the first time and decocted 1-2 hour, and add weight portion 4-8 times of water gaging for the second time and decocted 1-2 hour, merge decocting liquid twice, filter to get filtrate; Heating is concentrated into pasty state, cools off after putting into 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven, grinds to form fine powder b, and a is mixed with b.
Described bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, the mineral substance premix got by ratio of weight and the number of copies, in the step of grinding and sieving, the aperture of sieving can be the classifying screen of 0.18mm; In the step of described granulation, the granular size of making can be 0.25mm～0.45mm.
The present invention uses physique and the immunity that Chinese herbal medicine strengthens fish, improve the disease control criterion that flesh quality meets the nuisanceless aquatic products industry of development fully, produces green aquatic product, research and production practices prove that Chinese herbal medicine is particularly useful for the needs of intensive, the large-scale production of current culture fishery as mixed feeding agent or feed addictive, they are formed compound preparation by a certain percentage, can better bring into play the cooperative effect of medicine, play the effect that brings out the best in each other; With steaming process the starch in the feed adhesive is binded under different temperatures, strengthened dilation, starch burn degree is improved greatly, and the also fully effect of substituted chemistry adhesive in feed processing improved heavy water-based and the cohesive of feed, resistance to water is high, scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio is little, is beneficial to herbivorous fishes, the particularly absorption of juvenile fish growth, can guarantee to cultivate safe and efficient, create good economic benefit and social benefit.
The specific embodiment
The factor that affects the fish bait quality mainly contains: 1. material quality; 2. processing technology and equipment; 3. equipment operating management; 4. formula Design.Material quality is the primary factor that determines the fish bait quality.The selection of raw material be the more important thing is the digestion feature that will consider by letting animals feed except according to the conventional criteria.For fish, its digestive system must from being conducive to the digest and assimilate of fish, be selected more should pay attention to this point for the raw material of postlarva and juvenile fish bait when selecting raw material not as good as terraria.Noticeable especially have 2 points: the 1. enzyme processing of raw material.For improving juvenile fish to the digesting and assimilating of bait, should utilize digestive ferment in advance albumen and energy bins to be divided and carry out external digestion, make albumen and energy component after the enzyme processing, obtain degraded.It should be noted that when selecting exogenous enzymes that should adapt with water temperature, this technology has been widely used in the production of enzymic fodder at present; 2. because some trace element has inhibitory action such as Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ etc. to digestive ferment, its inhibiting rate reaches 50%～90%.For this reason, this class trace element is adopted coated chelating as far as possible or trace element is made soap, the time-delay of these micro-metal ions and digestive ferment is met, to reduce metal ion to the digestion enzyme inhibition.The error of the processing technology that the raw material smashing fineness depends primarily on mixture homogeneity, adapt with curing degree, the various components that guarantee to search for food every day guarantees to cultivate efficient in allowed band.1. mixture homogeneity.Mixture homogeneity is except outside the Pass having with mixer performance, material characteristic, and is also relevant with the feed intake of mixing ratio, smashing fineness, fish.Existing mixture homogeneity analytical method is methyl violet, and mixing ratio is 1: 1 * 104, and the crystal violet smashing fineness is 150 orders, granularity is 0.1mm, sampling amount is not less than 200g, and the analysis sample is 10g, and detected object is that minimum edible 10g analyzes the chicken of sample every day in the fowl poultry animal.This assay method only considers 10g analyzes in the sample whether contain enough microcomponent populations, and does not consider 10g analyzes whether even microcomponent distributes in the sample.Therefore, when animal amount every day during greater than 10g, the analytical method of this mixture homogeneity meets the raising requirement.When every day, amount was less than 10g, for example, analyze sample or every day amount below 1g, the mixture homogeneity when above-mentioned analytical method does not then reach and analyzes sample and be 10g.So, to every day feed intake only be the juvenile fish of 0.017g, 0.048g, 0.088g, 0.19g, its bait is measured mixture homogeneity with said method, may not necessarily meet the mixing quality requirement of juvenile fish.After only taking to improve smashing fineness, reach the amount that reduces the analysis sample under the mixing index condition or suitably improving the measures such as standard of mixture homogeneity, the requirement of mixture homogeneity in the time of just meeting amount less than 10g.Wherein improve smashing fineness and be effective measures, guarantee that the feed particles of taking in every day counts the coincidence loss requirement.
2. the smashing fineness of energy, protein raw materials.The smashing fineness of energy, protein raw materials should be according to digestion characteristics, the raw material residing state that dissolves in extrusion process of aquatic animal, and namely starch gelatinization and protein-denatured effect are determined.When being used to into fish bait, the smashing fineness of energy, protein raw materials is about 40 orders, and granularity is 0.36～0.40mm; When the modified and kneading of extruder dissolves effect when fine, smashing fineness also can be 70 orders.
3. the trace element smashing fineness.Trace element is difficult to formation and dissolves effect in extrusion process, still exist with graininess.About 100 orders, particle diameter is about 0.144mm to the fineness of all kinds of micro-components in the feed mostly.For guaranteeing juvenile fish every day to the intake of various trace elements, its bait should satisfy the probable error requirement of taking in particle under the prerequisite that mixes, and the trace element of absorption is meeting on the basis of addition, and the smallest particles number should not be less than 8～10.The grinding particle size of trace element should be according to different growing stages, and the probable error of taking in particle is determined.
Fish meal with animal and fowl fodder except the selection difference of the design of nutrient formulation, raw material, the processing granulation more there is its specific (special) requirements, General Requirements fish feed pellets resistance to water in water is higher, lost to reduce, improve efficiency of feed utilization, this also is that proposed requirement is put into practice in the cultivation of mixed feed, also becomes the raiser at southern most areas at present and weighs whether qualified primary standard of aquatic granulated feed.Also be that any enterprise will stride into the problem that the aquatic feeds industry must at first solve.
Bone meal is that to raise bone be the powder product that raw material is made.Can make the mineral feed of domestic animal, second-rate person can make fertilizer.It is very large that the poultry bone accounts for the proportion of trunk, and pig is about 13%, Niu Yuewei 20.5%, thin sheep even can reach 40%.Therefore, the utilization of poultry bone also is the big event of animal husbandry byproduct processing.Main component is tricalcium phosphate, gelatine and fat.Bone meal can divide three kinds of raw bone meal (coarse bone powder), degelatinized bone meal (steamed bone meal) and bone tankages.Coarse bone powder has another name called and boils bone meal, will raise first the bone crushing, and through boiling 3～8 hours, remove portion grease and gelatine and drop be to the greatest extent behind the moisture, oven dry under 100～140 ℃ temperature, pulverizes, and is finished product.Because wherein containing more protein and fat, difficult preservation.Steamed bone meal is then without this fraud.It is made system and will raise bone and put in the pressure pan, passes into steam, with 105～110 ℃ temperature heating, emitted one time factice liquid every 1 hour, and the residual backbone that will remove again most of grease and glue is dry, pulverizing.Coarse bone powder and steamed bone meal be about calcic 23% and 30% respectively, phosphorus 10% and 14.5%.Bone meal generally is pale powder, and is water insoluble, and plant utilization is very slow, especially in calacareous soil, but then very fast in acid ground.Can make base manure.Sneak in compost or the barnyard manure and use after the fermentation, can improve fertilizer efficiency.Also can be used as animal feed and toothpaste phosphor-included additive.The used bone meal of the present invention is degelatinized bone meal (steamed bone meal).
The specific embodiment 1: be taken as bone meal 1000g, wheat bran 1500g, soya-bean cake 900g, rice bran 800g, vegetable seed 900g, complex vitamin premix 100g, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 100g, mineral substance premix 50g, co-grinding.Raw material is pulverized rear all to sieve by the classifying screen of aperture as 0.10mm-0.18mm.
Described complex vitamin premix further comprises:
In every kilogram of fish meal:
V
A, 430mg; V
B2, 470mg; V
B6, 360mg; V
B12, 120mg; V
B1, 130mg; V
K, 210mg; Folic acid, 208mg; Biotin, 150mg; V
E, 300mg; Inositol, 500mg; Calcium pantothenate, 800mg; Nicotinic acid, 225mg; Choline Chloride, 900mg; V
D, 440mg.
Described mineral substance premix further comprises:
In every kilogram of fish meal:
ZnSO
4·7H
2O，0.865g;CaCO
3，1.43g;NaH
2PO
4，1.86g;KH
2PO
4，2.552g;CaCl
2，1.311g;MgSO
4·7H
2O，0.7g;KCl，0.448g;AlCl
3·6H
2O，0.034g;MnSO
4·6H
2O，0.229g;CuCl
2，0.53g;FeSO
4·7H
2O，0.8g;CoCl
2，0.038g;KI，0.038g。
The specific embodiment 2: the preparation method of phytophage fish meal Chinese traditional medicine composition additive: get folium isatidis 100g, Herba Andrographitis 100g, Poria cocos 100g, root of large-flowered skullcap 100g, capsule of weeping forsythia 100g, field pennycress 100g, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 100g, cordate houttuynia 100g, fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 100g, red sage root 100g, seed of Chinese dodder 100g, Radix Codonopsis 100g, Radix Astragali 100g, oldenlandia diffusa 100g and root of herbaceous peony 100g.First described Chinese medicine component is ground into meal, further pulverizes, cross 120 mesh sieves, the fine powder amount that enable pass is crossed 120 mesh sieves is meeting or exceeding 30%, and the fine powder of collecting by 120 mesh sieves gets fine powder a; Can not drop into multi-function extractor by the meal of 120 mesh sieves again and extract twice, and add 8-10 times of water gaging for the first time and decocted 1-2 hour, and add 4-8 times of water gaging for the second time and decocted 1-2 hour, merge decocting liquid twice, filter to get filtrate; Heating is concentrated into pasty state, cools off after putting into 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven, grinds to form fine powder b, and a is mixed with b afterwards to sieve by the classifying screen of aperture as 0.10mm-0.18mm.
The specific embodiment 3: get Strong flour 900g, mix with Treatment 510g and cooked maize starch 90g, its gelling point of cornstarch is 61 ℃ of beginnings, finishes for 63 ℃.Although gelling point is lower, adhesive is stuck with paste the same at the general Double-plate machine of bonding time image, and gel is rapid.Viscosity is usually at 27-32 between second.After cornstarch stirred in normal-temperature water, its particle was dispersed into emulsus, but can not dissolve, and also can not absorb moisture content.If stop to stir, starch then is deposited in the bottom and forms gradually lump, in case the lump type becomes, it is just so uneasy to disperse again, is scattered in the starch in the water, begins during heating to absorb moisture content and expands.
So we adopt first and stir high-strength flour and starch mixture with a small amount of water, add the raw material fine powder that mixes, after stirring, add in the steam blower, reaching 61 ℃ after steam blower starts in a few minutes begins to accelerate to stir, reach 70 ℃ in 1 minute, continue to be warming up to 90 ℃, finish expansion.The starch of gel is thickness very, and its degree is decided on the amount of starch in the water.
The specific embodiment 4: granular size 0.25mm～0.45mm when the fish meal moulding is granulated.In the pelletization, the material in each pressing mold hole is subjected to the step extruding force of pressure roller, and the raw material of each extruding all changes to some extent.As the feed in the pressing mold hole is divided into some sections, the difference between section and the section is the basic reason that produces radial cracking.In the process of fish meal, pelletizing forming and cool drying are the main processing workshop sections that produces the particle surface crackle.The crushing material granularity is inhomogeneous, particularly has some larger particles, easily causes in the pelletization the stressed effect of material each several part inhomogeneous.In modified process, the amount of cure of material is inhomogeneous, and some do not have slaking or the lower material of amount of cure, and are low such as the stickiness of the components such as starch and protein, poor plasticity, other components around being difficult for binding.When moulding, easily do not obtain suitable modified material position from these and crack.In addition, it is inhomogeneous or modified improper to add water in the mixed process, can form the particle of semi-wet.When cool drying, have different coolings and rate of drying between the unbalanced part of these particles, have different shrinkage factors, very easily cause cracking.Keep particle length consistent, key is to guarantee that particle stressed effect in the nib of granulator is consistent.Under the identical condition in each aperture, hole of pressing mold, the length of particle depends on that material of pressing mold rotation is by the amount of nib.Inventory by a certain nib is subjected to material to be subjected to the suppression power of pressure roller to reach the impact of 3 factors of inventory of passing through nib by nib resistance, material.It is inhomogeneous to add water in the mixed process, and the material amount of cure is inconsistent in the modified process, all can cause material suppressing.Stressed effect in the journey is unbalanced, makes the particle of producing different in size.
The present invention uses each bulk drug in the Chinese traditional medicine composition additive:
The Radix Astragali is take qi-restoratives as main, can invigorating qi for strengthening superficies, and diuresis holder poison, apocenosis, expelling pus and promoting granulation.Be used for that insufficiency of vital energy and blood, sore cave in, purulence becomes not burst or burst for a long time and do not hold back the person.The Radix Astragali has the function of good promoting pus discharge and tissue regeneration, i.e. the abscess suppuration myogenic of for a long time disunion.Modern medicine study shows that the Radix Astragali includes and multiple antibiotic effective ingredient, and can strengthen the immunologic function of body, therefore can also be used for the generation of some infectious disease of prevention." book on Chinese herbal medicine meets former " carries: " Radix Astragali can all void of tonifying five zang organs, controls arteries and veins string spontaneous perspiration, rushes down yin fire, removes lung heat, losslessly then sends out, and has sweat then to end." be the good medicine of promoting resistance and defence disease.
Cordate houttuynia is hot, is slightly cold.Return lung channel, be used as medicine, the traditional Chinese medical science thinks that its flavor is hot, cold, energy is clearing heat and detoxicating, sore, promoting urination and removing dampness, stomach strengthening and digestion promoting are treated in the detumescence of row's pain, with controlling lung carbuncle that real heat, heat poison, damp evil, disease heat are trouble, sore swollen toxin, hemorrhoidal hemorrhage, retention of heat in the spleen and stomach etc., alone or compatibility compound, the equal determined curative effect of the use of oral administration and externally or multiple Dietotherapy method among the people.Pharmacological research, the cordate houttuynia master contains volatile oil, and the multiple components such as decanoyl acetaldehyde decanoy acetaldehyde have the inhibition antibacterial action to various Xenorhabduses, coccus, influenza virus, Leptospira etc., and can improve the human immunity regulatory function.
The field pennycress nature and flavor are bitter flat, have effect clearing heat and detoxicating, the broken stasis of blood of apocenosis.Can cure acute appendicitis, diarrhea, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, the stagnant stomachache of the stasis of blood in postpartum, red eye, swell pain.Enter stomach, large intestine, Liver Channel.Cure mainly clearing heat and detoxicating, the carbuncle that disappears apocenosis, blood circulation promoting competent silt.Be used for acute appendicitis, lung carbuncle and sore and toxic, the chest abdomen pain due to the real hot stasis of blood stagnates, the stagnant stomachache of the stasis of blood in postpartum waits disease.
The root of large-flowered skullcap has heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, and cool blood is antiabortive, detoxicating functions.Cure mainly the diseases such as warm heat disease, the infection of the upper respiratory tract, cough with lung heat, damp and hot jaundice, pneumonia, dysentery, hemoptysis, hot eyes, fetal irritability, hypertension, the swollen furuncle sore of carbuncle.The clinical practice of the root of large-flowered skullcap is antibiotic not worse than the coptis, and does not develop immunity to drugs.We are used in the fungal culture miscellaneous bacteria and infect special severity by the strong characteristics of broad-spectrum antibacterial action, and are fine with root of large-flowered skullcap extract effect." Bencao Jingshu ": the root of large-flowered skullcap, its property is respectful clearly, so evil removing: so bitter eliminating dampness; So cold sensation of the genitalia wins heat, so main all heat.All hot persons, heat symptoms caused by an exopathgen with all over heat also, jaundice, intestines be out-of-the-way, let out dysentery, the disease of all damp and hot victory is also analysed it, then all diseases are from recover.Bitter cold can be except damp and hot, thus small intestine profit and water from pursuing, the source is clearly then flowed also clean.The blood person of closing, real heat is at blood system, and instant heating human blood chamber makes us obstructed through closing, damp and hot solution, then Ying Qi is clearly and voluntarily also.Dislike sore subcutaneous ulcer erosion person, blood-head is then stayed knot, and is that the swollen stain of carbuncle is mashed also: fiery ulcer person, the internal heat blood trouble also, cool blood heat extraction, then self-healing also.
Radix Codonopsis is flat, sweet, little acid of distinguishing the flavor of.Return spleen, lung channel.Tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, invigorating the spleen benefit lung.Be used for a little less than the spleen deficiency syndrome of the lung, the palpitaition of breathing hard, anorexia and loose stool, void is breathed with cough and is coughed, and interior heat is quenched one's thirst." book on Chinese herbal medicine justice " carries: Radix Codonopsis power energy tonifying spleen nourishing the stomach, and moistening lung is promoted the production of body fluid, gas in the tendon fortune, this is very mutually not far away with ginseng.Its outstanding valuable person, invigorating the spleen fortune and not dry is then grown stomach-Yin and wet, and moistening lung and do not violate is cold and coolly nourished blood and is not partially grown greasyly, inspires clear sun, gas in the vibration, and without just dry fraud.Radix Astragali tonifying Qi, can rise enriching spleen-QI, can admittedly show by beneficial lung again.The Radix Codonopsis tonifying Qi can only the invigorating the spleen tonifying Qi, and without the power of solid table, but Radix Codonopsis can also nourishing generate fluid, and the Radix Astragali is then without the effect of promoting the production of body fluid, the double energy of Radix Astragali Li Shui, and Radix Codonopsis is without the Li Shui effect.This two flavors medicine share can tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, improves resistance.
The capsule of weeping forsythia is bitter, is slightly cold.Return lung, the heart, small intestinl channel.Function is clearing heat and detoxicating, dispersing swelling and dissipating binds.Be used for ulcer, scrofula, acute mastitis, erysipelas, anemopyretic cold, warm disease is from the beginning of, warm joining the army, high hot polydipsia, coma is sent out spot, and heat is drenched renal shutdown.The medicinal part of the capsule of weeping forsythia mainly is fruit.Its shell, i.e. " sticking up " in " a kind of reed mentioned in ancient books sticks up detoxifying pills ".Contain forsythol, coumarin, oleanolic acid, saponin, citrin etc.Have the effects such as heat-clearing, detoxifcation, dissipating bind apocenosis.Cure mainly warm, sore, scrofula, erysipelas, class's rash, influenza, be decocted in water for oral dose with fruit, or add in the prescription.Be usually used in anemopyretic cold.Nature,taste and action: Chinese medicine bitter, cold nature.Clearing heat and detoxicating, mass dissipating and swelling eliminating.The anaesthetic bitter, cool in nature.Clearly " association's day ", antidiarrheal.Cure mainly: Chinese medicine is controlled pyreticosis from the beginning of, anemopyretic cold, and heating is vexed, abscess of throat, and macula, erysipelas, scrofula, the carbuncle pyogenic infections from tumour or sore, acute nephritis, heat is drenched.The anaesthetic subcutaneous ulcer of harnessing the Yellow River, intestines shouting pain, " association day " disease, intestines heat.Sheng Nong's herbal classic ": main fever and chills, the mouse impotence, scrofula, carbuncle is swollen, dislikes sore, goiter and tumor, knot heat, disease due to noxious agents produced by various parasites.
Poria cocos flavor is sweet, light, property flat, be used as medicine have clearing damp and promoting diuresis, the function of beneficial spleen and stomach, antitoxic heart-soothing and sedative.Modern medicine study: Poria cocos can enhanced machine body immunity function, pachymaran has significantly antitumor and protect the liver dirty effect.The Poria cocos slightly sweet flavor is flat, enters the heart, lung, the spleen channel.Has eliminating dampness and diuresis, strengthening the spleen and stomach, the effect of antitoxic heart-soothing and sedative.Can control difficult urination, the oedema turgor, phlegm and retained fluid is coughed contrary, and it is contrary to vomit, and vomiting during early pregnancy is had loose bowels, seminal emission, stranguria with turbid discharge, palpitation with fear, forgetful disease such as grade.The Li Shui of Poria cocos reaches by strong fortune spleen PFT, and is different from the Chinese medicine of other direct Li Shui.Be used for splenasthenic diarrhea, the lower Poria cocos of band can invigorating the spleen, again can excreting dampness, and due to insufficiency of the spleen dysfunction of the spleen in transportation and transformation, have loose bowels, be with down, use the effect that Poria cocos has giving consideration to both the incidental and fundamental, often and the compatibilities such as Radix Codonopsis, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, Chinese yam.Can be used as the tonifying lung spleen, control the adjuvant of the deficiency of vital energy.
Seed of Chinese dodder Cuscuta chinensis is the seed of the dicotyledon scammonia section plant seed of Chinese dodder, the southern seed of Chinese dodder, cuscuta japonica Choisy etc., has tonifying kidney and benefiting sperm, nourishes the liver to improve visual acuity, the effect of solid tire stopping leak.The seed of Chinese dodder is improved the effect of fruit bat property vigor, its mating rate is obviously increased, its effect is strong and weak to become positive correlation with administration concentration. to the mouse due to hydrocortisone " deficiency of yang " model, with making its deficiency of yang symptom that certain restitution is arranged behind the seed of Chinese dodder, but fail to make animal to return to the Normal group level. experiment shows: seed of Chinese dodder decocting liquid can make the vigor of its body weight, kidney weight, thymus gland weight, leukocyte count, red blood cell number, hemoglobin and superoxide dismutase significantly increase to " deficiency of yang " mouse stomach; Give the male mice gavage, but the swimming time of significant prolongation mouse and the time-to-live under anoxia condition also there is humidification to the nonspecific resistance of mouse.
Bighead atractylodes rhizome bitter, sweet, temperature.Return spleen, stomach warp.Cure mainly strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi, eliminating dampness Li Shui, hidroschesis, antiabortive.It is few to be used for insufficiency of the spleen food, and abdominal distension is had loose bowels, and phlegm and retained fluid is dizzy throbs with fear, oedema, spontaneous perspiration, fetal irritability.The bighead atractylodes rhizome has CDCC to oncocyte, can reduce the rate of increase of oncocyte, lowers the aggressive of tumor tissue, improves the ability of the antitumor reaction of body.Baizhu volatile oil has inhibitory action to mouse EC, lymphosarcoma ascitic type, the cancer of the esophagus (Ecal09), sarcoma 180 etc.Atractylodes lactone B lumbar injection is to the murine sarcoma people.Remarkable inhibitory action is also arranged." property of medicine opinion " carries it: monarch, and it is sweet to distinguish the flavor of, and suffering is nontoxic.Can main large wandering arthritis, diarrhea due to disorder of qi for many years, trusted subordinate's distending pain, the broken place food that disappears, sputum is removed in appetizing, except fever and chills, lets out under ending.Interarea light is pleased, and preserves youthful looks, and goes to deceive.The swelling of harnessing the river is full, tells to vomit contraryly, and crymodynia in the abdomen is vomited and diarrhoea incessantly, and the cold dysentery of stomach Qi deficiency.
Folium isatidis is mainly used in the heat poison and sends out the diseases such as spot, erysipelas, abscess of throat, aphthae, sore and toxic.In recent years clinically extensive use of this medicine is controlled above-mentioned all diseases except available, can be used for again the strongly fragrant lung of phlegm heat, cough up phlegm yellow thick; Especially be usually used in popular second encephalitis, but both single was applied to prevention, can cooperate radix bupleuri, honeysuckle flower, the capsule of weeping forsythia, Radix Isatidis, radix scrophulariae, the dried rhizome of rehmannia etc. again, can removing summer-heat the gas heat that divide, seek minute malicious, availablely control various encephalitis, and comparatively suitable with the partial heat type.Commercially available folium isatidis kind is a lot of all over China, and plant origin is different, again: acanthaceous vegetable acanthaceous indigo.Cruciferae isatis and smalt.The polygonaceae plant indigo plant.Legume wood is blue.The leaf of above plant all uses as folium isatidis, also all can be as the raw material of indigo naturalis processed, and except wooden basket, its root all uses as Radix Isatidis.
Herba Andrographitis Herba Andrographitis is herb or the leaf of acanthaceous plant Herba Andrographitis (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees).Have another name called Chun Lianqiuliu, Banlangen, olive nuclear lotus, andrographis paniculata, golden vanilla, golden tack, India's grass, eel grass etc.Clearing heat and detoxicating, anti-inflammatory, swelling and pain relieving effect are arranged.Cure mainly bacillary dysentery, urinary tract infections, acute tonsillitis, enteritis, sphagitis, pneumonia and influenza etc., external application can be treated sore furuncle poison, trauma infection contamination etc.Clearing heat and detoxicating, cool blood detumescence.Control acute bacillary dysentery, gastroenteritis, flu, epidemic meningitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, pertussis, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung abscess, cholecystitis, hypertension, nosebleed epistaxis, oropharynx swells and ache, and sore furuncle carbuncle is swollen, scald, venomous snake bite." Jiangxi herbal medicine ": clearing heat and cooling blood, swelling and pain relieving is controlled cholecystitis, bronchitis, hypertension, pertussis.
Root of herbaceous peony master perverse trend stomachache, broken hard long-pending except blood-arthralgia, control fever and chills hernia lump in the abdomen, pain relieving, diuresis, beneficial gas." control the lung perverse trend, Fu Zhong Xu pain, vim and vigour are gathered, and logical a surname's internal organs are gathered around gas, control evil pain sepsis, disease bone heat when main, strong the five internal organs, kidney tonifying gas, it is hard swollen to control the trusted subordinate, and married woman's blood closes obstructed, and the hemostasis that disappears can lose purulence." root of herbaceous peony has humidification to the phagocytic function of macrophage. raise with 50% root of herbaceous peony water decoction 0.8ml/ only to mouse every day; continuous 5 days; phagocytic percentage and the phagocytic index of Turnover of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages all are significantly improved than control group. and to mouse stomach, also can promote the phagocytic function of its peritoneal macrophage with white peony root's total glycoside 40mg/kg every day. and experimental results show that: white peony root's total glycoside has regulating action to the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophage; White peony root's total glycoside produces interleukin 1 to lipopolysaccharide-induced rat peritoneal macrophages and has the effect that low concentration promotes and high concentration suppresses, because interleukin 1 all plays an important role in the formation of immunological regulation and chronic inflammation disease, therefore can think, the generation that white peony root's total glycoside is regulated interleukin 1 may be its performance immunological regulation and prevent and treat one of arthritic mechanism. also have experiment to show: white peony root's total glycoside produces leukotriene B4 to rat peritoneal macrophages and is inhibitory action, and dose-dependence arranged, the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug flufenamic acid of the inhibitory action of 100mg/L and same dose is suitable, but effect is slower. and its 50% inhibiting rate is 0.66mg/L; So the anti-inflammatory of white peony root's total glycoside may be also relevant with its generation that affects leukotriene B4 with immunoregulation effect.
Root tuber of aromatic turmeric is hot, bitter, and is cold.Return liver, the heart, lung channel.Function cures mainly: promoting blood circulation and stopping pain, promoting qi circulation and removing obstruction in the collateral, the cool blood that clears away heart-fire, normalizing gallbladder to cure jaundice.Be used for through closing dysmenorrhoea, chest and abdomen swelling and pain, shouting pain, the pyreticosis coma, epilepsy is gone mad, and jaundice urine is red." book on Chinese herbal medicine just ": antiemetic blood, bleeding from five sense organs or subcutaneous tissue; Alone married woman's cold air blood of controlling amasss, and the knot gather qi together stagnates, and the trusted subordinate has a pain." Bencao Jingshu ": root tuber of aromatic turmeric originally enters the gas medicine of blood system, and it is controlled and goes up all blood trouble persons, is just calling on the blood row, all belongs to interior showing tremendous enthusiasm inflammation, and this medicine can sending down abnormally ascending, and it namely is that fire falls that gas falls, and general character enters blood system, so can fall internal heat, the not absurd row of blood then.
The fruit of Chinese magnoliavine is commonly called as mountain flower green pepper, sliding weight of steelyard, the medicine fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, face rattan, five plums etc., and " the sweet acid of five tastes skin and flesh is worked hard in the nuclear, and saline taste is arranged " carried in Tang etc. " Tang materia medica ", so the name of the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine is arranged.Ancient medical book Cheng Ta Chi Zhu, profound and, can and, it is top grade to list in the earliest Sheng Nong's herbal classic, herbal function is the power of strengthening by means of tonics, medical value is high.Restrain astringent or styptic treatment for spontaneous sweating, nourishing generate fluid, kidney calming.The void that is used for coughing is for a long time breathed heavily, emission, and enuresis frequent micturition, endless diarrhea, spontaneous perspiration, night sweat, Tianjin wound is thirsty, the feeble pulse of losing heart, interior heat is quenched one's thirst, palpitation and insomnia.
Along with the expansion of crustacean aquaculture scale, the research of its disease and control is also caused day by day people's attention.Grass carp is the herbivorous fishes that economic worth is very high and have larger cultivation potentiality.Its juvenile growth is fast, and is individual large, nutritious, very popular, now obtained large-area popularization and cultivation.Along with increasing of water surface for aquaculture, the disease species of fish also can be increasing.Research finds that many Chinese herbal medicines can improve immunity of organisms.Utilize Chinese herbal medicine to improve the Immunoresistance of grass carp, thus strengthen the grass carp body resist the ability of various diseases and to external world the adaptive capacity of environment be undoubtedly a kind of good method.The present invention has added Chinese herb feed additive in feed, improve the effect of young grass carps nonspecific immunity power, in the hope of providing theoretical foundation for promoting the application of Chinese medicine immunity enhancer in the fish culture diseases prevention.
Experimental study shows that herbivorous fishes feed of the present invention can strengthen the immunologic function of grass carp.
1.1.1 the experiment material healthy grass carp is juvenile fish when body lengths of the fish is respectively 5cm-12cm, the juvenile fish of juvenile fish 7cm-12cm is used in this experiment.Choose the specification in the same size.Experimental water family case specification is 80cm * 45cm * 45cm, depth of water 40cm, and experimental water is the running water behind the aeration, supports 2 days temporarily in aquarium, begins experiment after ingesting normally.Experiment periods every other day throw something and feed feed 2 times, feeding volume is 3%～5% of fish body weight, changes water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water is about 1/3, continuous charge, water temperature is controlled at 25～28 ℃.
The contrast feed: " board is contained by section " fish meal is produced in Zhejiang.
1.2 method
1.2.1 test method
Each 50 juvenile fish of control group and of the present invention group every group are established in test, establish simultaneously 5 groups parallel group, and the control group control feed of throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed for of the present invention group and added herbivorous fishes feed of the present invention, and Feeding time is 10d.
1.2.2 the grass carp of the experiment feed 10d that throws something and feeds is chosen in the extraction of fish liver pancreas, muscle extract at random, fish liver pancreas, muscle are taken out in vivisection, in 0.9% physiological saline of pH 7.2, press (w/v) homogenate in 1: 3,4 ℃ of centrifugal 6min of 1000r/min get supernatant, and-20 ℃ save backup.
1.2.3 the mensuration of antibacterial activity (Ua) and Bacteriolytic activity (UL) adopts the methods such as improved Hultmark.
1.2.4 the mensuration of phenol oxidase (PO) vigor (APO) adopts the methods such as improved Ashida take L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine as substrate, enzyme activity is with under the experimental condition, and it is an enzyme activity unit that the OD490 per minute increases by 0.001.
1.2.5 the mensuration of peroxidase (POD) relative activity (APOD) adopts improved history to become silver-colored method.The POD relative activity represents with APOD=A4-A3 in the extract.
1.2.6 the mensuration of extract aggegation vigor (HA) is got blood take Alsever's liquid as anti-agglutinant, fully washs centrifugal (2000r/min * 5min) for several times, be made into afterwards the blood cell suspension of 1% (w/w) with PBS; Getting 25 μ L extracts is added in the V-shaped blood-coagulation-board, make the multiple proportions serial dilution with PBS, then every hole adds isopyknic red cell suspension, hatches 60min in 28 ℃ behind the mixing, observe agglutination activity, the criterion of extract aggregation can be with reference to " immunoassay technology ".
1.2.7 the mensuration of superoxide dismutase (S0D), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) relative activity (AKP) is with measuring kit measurement, the mensuration of superoxide dismutase adopts the detection method of T-SOD.
Represent with average ± standard deviation 1.2.8 data are processed experimental result data, adopt SPSS11.0 that data are carried out one-way analysis of variance.
2 results
The measurement result of the every immune indexes of grasscarp liver behind the feed of the present invention 2.1 feed
Of the present invention group Bacteriolytic activity, antibacterial activity, phenoloxidase activity, peroxidase activity are compared two group differences with control group not remarkable.Of the present invention group hemagglutination activity, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase are compared significant difference with control group.Above result shows that the immune level of of the present invention group of juvenile fish sees Table 1 apparently higher than control group.
Annotate: have same-sign # with each data acceptance of the bid in the delegation and represent difference not significantly (P〉O.05), the identical symbol ◇ of mark tool represents significant difference (P＜0.05)
The raw material grinding particle size of fish different growing stages
Of the present invention group Bacteriolytic activity, antibacterial activity, phenoloxidase activity, peroxidase activity are compared difference with control group not remarkable, hemagglutination activity is difficult to measure in the grass carp muscle, of the present invention group acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase are compared significant difference with control group, above result shows that the immune level of of the present invention group of grass carp is apparently higher than control group.
Resistance to water is a comprehensive index, and it has characterized conformality, absorbing property, the non-collapsibility and insoluble of feed in water.The resistance to water quality is to weigh the important indicator of aquatic feeds quality good or not.The feed of poor water resistance drops into and the phenomenon such as easily to dissolve, defeated and dispersed behind the water, causes the deposition of feed to waste, Water Eutrophication, severe contamination breeding water body.The water body situation plays vital effect in aquaculture.Good water body is conducive to improve the healthy growth of fish, improves survival rate and cultured output.If the every decline 1% of the resistance to water of feed, with about 2,000,000 tons of national annual fish meal output, 10,000,000,000 yuan of meters of the output value, 20,000 tons of so annual losses, amount to 100,000,000 yuan, and the environmental pollution that causes thus, water quality are ruined, are cultivated the indirect loss such as impaired and can't estimate.In some places, owing to the poor water resistance of fish meal causes that breeding water body is polluted, cause fish epidemic disease large-scale outbreak, cause the impaired phenomenon of fish culture industry to beat alarm bell for us.Sinking is the most basic quality requirement of fish meal.Fish meal floats on the water surface or is suspended in the water, then can not be ingested by fish, has reduced the utilization rate of feed, has increased aquaculture cost.In addition, these unemployed fish meals dissolve gradually and scatter and disappear under the action of soaking of water, also can cause water pollution.
In the raw material of fish meal, poor as the adhesion of the raw material of dietary protein origin take fish meal, grouts, mainly be that the starch by gelatinization sticks together various components, improve the anti-corrosion ability in water.Starch burn degree is the index of indirectly judging the feed resistance to water.The technological process of production of grit fish meal mainly contains: pulverizing, mixing, modified, granulate, stable, cool drying etc.In these processes, the workshop section that affects starch burn degree mainly contains pulverizing, modified and stable.
The below affects the whole bag of tricks of starch burn degree with description of test
1. starch burn degree is measured
Starch burn degree is measured: the beta amylase Hydrolyze method.Choose cornstarch, potato starch, starch from sweet potato is tested respectively, and it is the highest at 60-63 degree centigrade of gelatinization degree to obtain cooked maize starch.Treatment can reach maximum viscosity at 90 degrees centigrade, becomes glue.May be selected to be adhesive.
2. resistance to water is measured
2.1 water resisting time is measured
In the process of measuring scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio, require the water resisting time of feed greater than two hours.Because the water resisting time of some feeds did not reach two hours, so resistance to water needs to represent with water resisting time that employing is soaked tweezer and gone out method mensuration.Get the beaker of 4 500mL, add respectively water 400mL, put in 25 ℃ of thermostatical water baths, drop into respectively 30 feed granules, record the time.After a period of time, with feed granules of the careful tweezer of tweezers, firmly degree is limited so that particle is fallen down in a beaker, slowly leaves the water, and observes the defeated and dispersed situation of particle.The particle that takes out discard need not, other particle of tweezer one by one.Within different blanking times, defeated and dispersed granule number reaches a half in a beaker, then writes down the soak time of feed granules in this beaker, as the water resisting time of this feed.The result shows that the feed granules of making is difficult for defeated and dispersed most between 60-70 ℃.
2.2 scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio is measured for the feed of water resisting time greater than two hours, resistance to water represents with scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio, adopts quick Nephelometric Determination.Take by weighing respectively the particulate samples of certain mass in six pipe disintegration testers, disintegration 30min in 25 ℃ 1000mL deionized water.After disintegration finishes, take out the disintegration pipe, solution pipettes the l00mL disintegration liquid in the turbidity pipe after using high speed bruisher homogeneous, with eddy oscillating device vibration 2min, puts into fast transmissometer, does reference with the turbidity free water, regulates instrument zero, measures turbidity value, is designated as A1.Then accurately take by weighing the crushed material with disintegration material equal in quality, immerse in the 1000mL deionized water, constant temperature 20min in 25 ℃ of water-baths stirs soak, gets the vibration of l00mL solution and surveys its turbidity, is designated as A2.The scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio of product (%)=A1/A2 * 100 then.The result shows that the feed granules scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio of making is minimum between 60-70 ℃.
2.3 subsidence velocity is measured
Subsidence velocity refers to the average speed that feed granules sinks in water.Getting a diameter is 6cm, and length is the transparent pipe of 45cm, one section sealing, and depth of water 40cm vertically places, and measures respectively feed granules and sinks to the pipe time at the end from the underwater.Average subsidence velocity is calculated in parallel determination 20 times.The result shows that the feed granules subsidence velocity of making is the fastest between 60-70 ℃.
3 pulverize resistance to water research
3.1 the crushing material granularity adopts the technique of preparing burden first and pulverizing afterwards to the research experiment process of resistance to water under the pulverizer sieve sheet of different pore size.Material has different geometric mean particle sizes after pulverizing by the sieve (2.0mm, 1.6mm, 1.0mm) of different pore size, mix 5min, pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min (steam pressure is 0.1-0.15MPa), granulate behind the modified 2min, then at 90 ℃ of stable 30min, 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature after, measure index of correlation, research material geometric mean particle size is on the impact of modified rear starch burn degree and final products resistance to water.
3.2 the crushing material granularity is to the research of resistance to water under the classifying screen of different pore size
Experimentation adopts to pulverize first and prepares burden after (the sieve aperture is 1.0mm) sieves again, and disintegrating process namely once circulates.Pass through to adjust the pore size of classifying screen behind the crushing material, make material all by the aperture be 0.60,0.42,0.25,0.18, the classifying screen of 0.15mm, mix 5min, pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min, granulate behind the modified 2min, then at 90 ℃ of stable 30min, 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature after, measure index of correlation.
4. modified to resistance to water research
4.1 modified rear moisture content of material adopts once circulation to pulverize to make material all behind the classifying screen by certain pore size to the research of resistance to water, in mixed process, add respectively 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% moisture make mix after moisture content of material increase in gradient, pass into the steam that flow is 15g/min, granulate behind the modified 2min, then at 90 ℃ of stable 30min, 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature after, measure index of correlation.
4.2 modified rear temperature of charge adopts once circulation to pulverize to make material all behind the classifying screen by certain pore size to the research of resistance to water, does not add moisture in mixed process, passes into the steam that flow is 20g/min, modified 2min; Add 0.5% moisture, pass into the steam that flow is 18g/min, modified 2min; Add 2% moisture, pass into the steam that flow is 12g/min, modified 2min; Add 2.5% moisture, pass into the steam that flow is 10g/min, modified 2min; Add 5% moisture, without modified, after granulating at 90 ℃ of stable 30min, 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature after, measure index of correlation.
4.3 the modified time adopts once circulation to pulverize to make material all behind the classifying screen by certain pore size to the research of resistance to water, interpolation 2.5% moisture passes into the steam that flow is 40g/min, modified 30s in mixed process; Pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min, modified 60s; Pass into the steam that flow is 10g/min, modified 120s; Pass into the steam that flow is 7g/min, modified 180s, after granulating at 90 ℃ of stable 30min, 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature after, measure index of correlation.
5. stabilisation adopts once circulation to pulverize to make all classifying screens by certain pore size of material to resistance to water research, after mixing 5min, pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min, granulate behind the modified 2min, then place immediately stabilizer airtight and insulation, equilibrium temperature be stablize respectively 0,5,10,15,30 under 90,100,110,120 ℃, 60min, behind 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature, measure index of correlation, research stabilization temperature and time are to starch burn degree and resistance to water.
Obtain through experiment: the present invention utilizes plants starch and Strong flour to be mixed and made into adhesive, the effect that chemical adhesive is arranged fully can the production of substituted chemistry adhesive in fish meal, and have no side effect, also can be absorbed by fish, be a good adhesive.
Claims (10)
1. a herbivorous fishes feed is characterized in that, comprises in the following component one or more: bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive, mineral substance premix, feed adhesive.
2. described herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the ratio of weight and number of described component is: bone meal 10-15 part, wheat bran 10-20 part, rice bran 10-15 part, soya-bean cake 10-15 part, vegetable seed 10-15 part, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 1-2 part, complex vitamin premix 1-2 part, mineral substance premix 0.5-1 part, feed adhesive 10-15 part.
3. described herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive further comprises following bulk drug: folium isatidis, Herba Andrographitis, Poria cocos, the root of large-flowered skullcap, the capsule of weeping forsythia, field pennycress, root tuber of aromatic turmeric, cordate houttuynia, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, the red sage root, the seed of Chinese dodder, Radix Codonopsis, the Radix Astragali, oldenlandia diffusa and the root of herbaceous peony.
4. described herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the ratio of weight and number of the bulk drug of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive is: folium isatidis 5～10 weight portions, Herba Andrographitis 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 5～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 5～10 weight portions, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 5～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～10 weight portions, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 5～10 weight portions, the red sage root 5～10 weight portions, the seed of Chinese dodder 5～10 weight portions; Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions and the root of herbaceous peony 5～10 weight portions.
5. each described herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described feed adhesive further comprises: Strong flour and starch, wherein the ratio of weight and number of Strong flour and starch is, 5-6:4-5.
6. described herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 5 is characterized in that, uses starch to be cornstarch in the described adhesive, and the ratio of weight and number of wherein giving birth to starch and ripe starch is 80-85:15-20.
7. described herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 5 is characterized in that the Strong flour that uses in the described adhesive is the flour of protein wt degree 13.5%-42%.
8. preparation method of herbivorous fishes feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are: get bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, mineral substance premix by described ratio of weight and number, co-grinding sieves, stir after pouring again the Chinese traditional medicine composition additive into, get raw mix; Get feed adhesive and add water and begin modifiedly, pour in the spraying machine after stirring, also pour into the aforementioned base materials mixture in the spraying machine; it is fully mixed, with 60 degrees centigrade of water temperature modulation in the spraying machine, open sprayer; stirred 1 minute rapidly, the sprayer water temperature is controlled at 60-70 ℃, and feed adhesive and raw mix are fully binded; continue to be warming up to 90 ℃ and finish expandedly, put into granulator after making it evenly, granulate; sieve; cooling, drying obtains feed.
9. described herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the concrete method for making of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive is: first described Chinese medicine material medicinal powder is broken into meal, further repeatedly pulverizes again, cross 120 mesh sieves, the fine powder amount that enable pass is crossed 120 mesh sieves reaches or greater than 30%; Collection gets fine powder a by the fine powder of 120 mesh sieves; Can not drop into multi-function extractor by the meal of 120 mesh sieves again and extract twice, and add weight portion 8-10 times of water gaging for the first time and decocted 1-2 hour, and add weight portion 4-8 times of water gaging for the second time and decocted 1-2 hour, merge decocting liquid twice, filter to get filtrate; Heating is concentrated into pasty state, cools off after putting into 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven, grinds to form fine powder b, and a is mixed with b.
10. the preparation method of described herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, the mineral substance premix got by ratio of weight and the number of copies, in the step of grinding and sieving, the aperture of sieving is the classifying screen of 0.18mm; In the step of described granulation, the granular size of making is 0.25mm～0.45mm.
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| CN103284008A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-09-11 | 何兴江 | Ecological health-care type special feed additive for carps |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103284008A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-09-11 | 何兴江 | Ecological health-care type special feed additive for carps |
| CN103284008B (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2014-04-09 | 何兴江 | Ecological health-care type special feed additive for carps |
| CN103598472A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-26 | 陈雪松 | Bird feed |
| CN104351571A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-18 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | Feed for preventing fish infectious hematopoietic necrosis and preparation method thereof |
| CN106135154A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-11-23 | 谢守辉 | A kind of Novel suspending fishes ball bait |
| CN106798193A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-06-06 | 新昌县柏克动物饲料技术开发有限公司 | Silver carp rearing feed addictive |
| CN106983044A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-28 | 陆川县恒伟养殖专业合作社 | A kind of somatotrophic fish meal and preparation method thereof |
| CN107114603A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-09-01 | 陆川县恒伟养殖专业合作社 | A kind of diseases prevention fish meal and preparation method thereof |
| CN107334001A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-11-10 | 通化师范学院 | A kind of Chinese herbal feed additive for preventing golden trout moth fin disease and application thereof |
| CN107691882A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-16 | 明光市永言水产食品有限公司 | One kind improves catfish meat feed |
| CN107821771A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-23 | 明光市永言水产食品有限公司 | A kind of grass carp nutrition and health care water-tolerant feed |
| CN108522818A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-09-14 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of disease-resistant health care of strong body promotees to absorb aquatic feeds and preparation method thereof |
| CN109221669A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 广西走山农牧开发有限公司 | A kind of aquaculture feed additive |
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