CN102841373A - Microseism positioning method based on azimuth angle constraint - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a microseism positioning method based on azimuth angle constraint. The microseism positioning method includes that a velocity model which is arranged in an underground space in a well including a microseism origin according to well-log information and perforation information; a three-dimensional (3D) coordinated system is arranged in the underground space for discrete grids, and travel time and travel-time difference of a hypothetical microseism event in each grid are calculated through the velocity model; the microseism events can be identified from actual collected microseism information; identification and separation of microseism seismic phases are carried out for the microseism events so as to obtain the travel time and the travel-time difference of corresponding seismic phases; the travel time and the travel-time difference of the corresponding seismic phases and the travel time and the travel-time difference of the hypothetical microseism events are used to carry out scanning and stacking for the microseism events so as to obtain corresponding grid points of the microseism events; and the corresponding grid points of the microseism events and two horizontal components among through components of the microseism events are used to calculate azimuth angles of the microseism events, and then positions of the microseism events are confirmed according to the azimuth angles and the grid points.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the microearthquake focus location technology of petroleum gas field of seismic exploration, more specifically, relate to a kind of microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement scanning stack.
Background technology
Owing to need obtain the pressure break result than more quickly, fracturing effect is estimated, and then recovery scheme is in time adjusted, explain so need carry out real-time processing waterfrac treatment microearthquake monitoring materials.The microearthquake monitoring materials disposal route that is adopted at present mainly is the basis with artificial cognition, first arrival inverting; Because the microearthquake monitoring materials data recording time is long, data volume is big, adopts artificial cognition and the microearthquake validity event is carried out manpower and the time that the meeting labor is picked up in first arrival.Waterfrac treatment Monitoring Data of conventional process obtains the fracture distribution image needs the long time, can not satisfy the demand of real-time monitoring; On the other hand, classic method can't be applicable to the developing direction of the monitorings of microearthquake from now on such as exploitation, monitoring.Although the method for monitoring existing people's research (mainly being stacking method) both at home and abroad in real time, the stacking method precision of research is lower at present, the problem of separating serious more, can not be applied to preferably in the actual microearthquake monitoring in real time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement, said method comprises: comprise under well head according to well-log information and perforation data in the underground space in microearthquake source and set up rate pattern; The underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head is set up three-dimensional coordinate system and carry out discrete grid blockization, and when calculating the walking of the microearthquake incident in each net point, supposed through rate pattern and travel-time difference; Identification microearthquake incident from the microearthquake data of actual acquisition; The microearthquake incident is carried out microearthquake seismic phase identification separate, during with the walking of the corresponding seismic phase that obtains the microearthquake incident and travel-time difference; During the walking of the corresponding seismic phase through using the microearthquake incident with travel-time difference and each net point in during the walking of the microearthquake incident supposed and travel-time difference the microearthquake incident is scanned stack, with pairing at least one net point of acquisition microearthquake incident; Use pairing said at least one net point of microearthquake incident and two the position angles that horizontal component calculate microearthquake incident of microearthquake incident in three components of three-dimensional coordinate system, and confirm the position that the microearthquake incident takes place according to position angle and corresponding said at least one net point of microearthquake incident of microearthquake incident.
The step of the underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head being set up rate pattern can comprise: according to well-log information the underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head is divided layer position, set up initial level stratiform rate pattern; Through the travel-time difference of use perforation record and known shooting point position,, initial level stratiform rate pattern is revised to obtain meticulous rate pattern through inverting according to initial level stratiform rate pattern.
Can come actual acquisition microearthquake data through using three-component seismometer.
The step of the underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head being set up three-dimensional coordinate system can comprise: is that directions X, positive north are the Y direction, are that the Z direction is set up three-dimensional coordinate system vertically downward with well head or first order three-component level wave detector as true origin, due east.
During the walking of the microearthquake incident that calculating is supposed in each net point and the step of travel-time difference can comprise: during the walking of the microearthquake incident of using ray-tracing scheme to calculate in each net point, to suppose and travel-time difference.
The step of from the microearthquake data of actual acquisition, discerning the microearthquake incident can comprise operates the microearthquake data as follows: the microearthquake data is provided with predetermined threshold; Three stronger track datas in the selection microearthquake data and suitable length of window; In said window, carry out the energy size along three track datas of selecting and calculate and polarization analysis, with obtain and when judging window preceding during energy and window back of the data in the window ratio of the energy of the data in the window whether reach predetermined threshold; If reach predetermined threshold; Then pick up out the microearthquake incident in the three stronger track datas from the microearthquake data; And the suitable size of microearthquake incident intercepting to picking up out; If do not reach predetermined threshold, then carry out the window slip and carry out calculating of energy size and polarization analysis once more, up to three track datas being accomplished picking up of the big or small calculating of energy and polarization analysis and microearthquake incident.
The microearthquake incident is carried out microearthquake seismic phase identification separation steps can be comprised: when the microearthquake incident is the twin shaft scan event; If the corresponding three-component seismometer head and the tail travel-time difference of lineups during the walking of the microearthquake incident that the three-component seismometer that lineups are corresponding during the walking of the microearthquake incident that first is scanned head and the tail travel-time difference scans greater than second quilt; The corresponding S ripple of lineups during the walking of first microearthquake incident that is scanned then; The corresponding P ripple of lineups during the walking of the microearthquake incident that second quilt scans, vice versa.
The microearthquake incident is carried out microearthquake seismic phase identification separation steps can be comprised: when the microearthquake incident is the single shaft scan event; When confirming the walking of the microearthquake incident adjacent and position with the microearthquake incident that is scanned; When the trend that first arrival is write down during the walking of lineups during the walking of first arrival record and adjacent microearthquake incident during the walking of lineups when by the walking of the microearthquake incident that scanned is identical; If rate pattern is a P wave propagation velocity model; Then the single shaft incident is the P ripple, if rate pattern is a S wave propagation velocity model, then the single shaft incident is the S ripple.
The step that the microearthquake incident is scanned stack can comprise: predetermined window is set during along the walking of the microearthquake incident of all hypothesis, the energy of microearthquake incident is scanned stack, to obtain at least one heterogenize cross-correlation coefficient; Select pairing at least one net point of maximum heterogenize cross-correlation coefficient in said at least one heterogenize cross-correlation coefficient as the pairing net point of microearthquake incident.
Will be in ensuing description part set forth the present invention other aspect and/or advantage, some will be clearly through describing, and perhaps can pass through enforcement of the present invention and learn.
Description of drawings
Through the detailed description of carrying out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, above and other objects of the present invention and characteristics will become apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram that the microearthquake incident localization method that scanning superposes based on azimutal confinement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of setting up meticulous rate pattern that the microearthquake incident localization method that scanning superposes based on azimutal confinement of Fig. 1 is shown;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram based on the step S130 of the microearthquake incident localization method of azimutal confinement scanning stack that Fig. 1 is shown;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram based on the step S150 of the microearthquake incident localization method of azimutal confinement scanning stack that Fig. 1 is shown.
Embodiment
Now, describe exemplary embodiment of the present invention in detail, its example representes that in the accompanying drawings wherein, identical label is represented identical parts all the time.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram that the microearthquake incident localization method that scanning superposes based on azimutal confinement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.
With reference to Fig. 1,, the underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head is set up rate pattern according to well-log information and perforation data at step S110.
Preferably, can set up meticulous rate pattern to the underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head here, will describe in detail with reference to Fig. 2 below.But should be appreciated that, adopt the technical scheme that usual speed model of the prior art equally can embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of setting up meticulous rate pattern that the microearthquake incident localization method that scanning superposes based on azimutal confinement of Fig. 1 is shown.As shown in Figure 2, at operation S210, the underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head is divided layer position according to well-log information, set up initial level stratiform rate pattern, wherein, said well-log information can be such as well logging sonic differential time, spontaneous potential etc.At operation S220,, according to initial level stratiform rate pattern, initial level stratiform rate pattern is revised, to obtain meticulous rate pattern through the genetic inverse method through the travel-time difference of use perforation record and known shooting point position.Here, the genetic inverse method belongs to the prior art in this area, for not fuzzy theme of the present invention, will here not be described in detail.
At step S120, the underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head is set up three-dimensional coordinate system and carry out discrete grid blockization, and when calculating the walking of the microearthquake incident in each net point, supposed through meticulous rate pattern and travel-time difference.Here, only as an example, can be that directions X, positive north are the Y direction, are that the Z direction is set up three-dimensional coordinate system vertically downward as true origin, due east with well head or first order three-component seismometer.
Preferably, during the walking of the microearthquake incident that can use ray-tracing scheme to calculate here in each net point, to suppose and travel-time difference, said ray-tracing scheme can comprise the steps: certain emergence angle of given ray; Calculate the intersection point of ray and each layer position; When ray arrives the layer position at three-component seismometer place, confirm to arrive said three-component seismometer; If can arrive said three-component seismometer, recording ray path then; Otherwise, a new emergence angle of given ray, and calculate intersection point once more and judge the step that can arrive said three-component seismometer, can be accurate to the emergence angle that reaches said three-component seismometer up to finding, and the recording ray path; Ray is finely tuned the raypath of output fine setting through bending method; During the walking of the microearthquake incident that obtains to suppose through the raypath of using meticulous rate pattern and fine setting and travel-time difference.Should understand, in concrete the realization,, can be set at variable to layer position, through confirming the layer position, place of three-component seismometer and focus, control to repeat in the said ray-tracing scheme to judge the starting point and the terminating point of the step of firing angle for versatility.Should be appreciated that, when using ray-tracing scheme to calculate the walking of microearthquake incident of hypothesis and travel-time difference only be example, when those skilled in the art can adopt other method to calculate the walking of microearthquake incident of hypothesis fully and travel-time difference.
At step S130, identification microearthquake incident from the microearthquake data of actual acquisition.Here, can come actual acquisition microearthquake data through using three-component seismometer.
When carrying out the identification of microearthquake incident; Mainly (promptly according to the valid data in the microearthquake data of actual acquisition; The microearthquake incident) carries out with the difference of noise aspect such as characteristics and when walking at energy, polarization properties; That is to say, can comprise microearthquake incident, noise etc. in the microearthquake data.To describe the step S130 among Fig. 1 in detail with reference to Fig. 3 below.Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram based on the step S130 of the microearthquake incident localization method of azimutal confinement scanning stack that Fig. 1 is shown.As shown in Figure 3, can operate as follows the microearthquake data:, the microearthquake data is provided with predetermined threshold at operation S310; Here, can adopt the microearthquake data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) 3/4 as threshold value, only be example but should understand this; Those skilled in the art can adopt other value as threshold value; Such as, for adapting to the variation of microearthquake data, can according to following equality 1 dynamic gate limit value H (t) be set according to energy ratio-degree of polarization response:
H(t)=Em(t-τ)+αEv(t-τ)(1)
Wherein, Em (t) is the expectation value of response enveloping surface, and Ev (t) is the standard deviation of enveloping surface, is used for the influence that erasure signal fluctuation brings, and wherein, obtains enveloping surface through the microearthquake data being carried out Hilbert (Hilbert) conversion; α is the weight coefficient that is used to adjust standard deviation, and τ is for postponing number of samples.
At operation S320, three stronger track datas in the selection microearthquake data and suitable length of window.Here, the length of window (BTA) can be bigger during window preceding, and the length of window (ATA) can be less during window back.At operation S330, in said window, carry out the energy size along three track datas of selecting and calculate and polarization analysis, with the ratio of the energy of the energy that obtains the data among the BTA and the data among the ATA, and judge whether this ratio reaches predetermined threshold.If reach predetermined threshold, then, pick up out the microearthquake incident in the three stronger track datas from said microearthquake data at operation S340, and the suitable size of microearthquake incident intercepting to picking up out.If do not reach predetermined threshold, then at operation S350, carry out window and slide, and operate S330 once more, up to said three track datas being accomplished picking up of energy size calculating and polarization analysis and microearthquake incident.
Should be appreciated that the step of identification microearthquake incident shown in Figure 3 only is an example, those skilled in the art can adopt other method fully, such as seismic event inverting energy focusing method, carry out the identification of microearthquake incident.
At step S140, the microearthquake incident is carried out microearthquake seismic phase identification separate, and when obtaining the walking of corresponding seismic phase (that is, main (P) ripple, less important (S) ripple) of microearthquake incident and travel-time difference.Preferably; When the microearthquake incident be the twin shaft scan event (promptly; Contain P ripple and S ripple simultaneously) time, carry out the identification of microearthquake seismic phase through the difference characteristic of the corresponding TRANSFORMATION RATIO time difference, promptly; If the corresponding three-component seismometer head and the tail travel-time difference of lineups during the walking of the microearthquake incident that the three-component seismometer that lineups are corresponding during the walking of the microearthquake incident that first is scanned head and the tail travel-time difference scans greater than second quilt; The corresponding P ripple of lineups during the walking of the microearthquake incident that the corresponding S ripple of lineups during the walking of first microearthquake incident that is scanned then, second quilt scan, vice versa; When the microearthquake validity event be the single shaft scan event (promptly; Only contain in P ripple and the S ripple) time; When at first confirming the walking of the microearthquake incident adjacent and position with the microearthquake incident that is scanned; When the trend that first arrival is write down during the walking of lineups during the walking of first arrival record and adjacent microearthquake incident during the walking of lineups when by the walking of the microearthquake incident that scanned was identical, if meticulous rate pattern is a P wave propagation velocity model, then the single shaft incident was the P ripple; If meticulous rate pattern is a S wave propagation velocity model, then the single shaft incident is the S ripple.
Should be appreciated that above-mentioned the microearthquake incident is carried out the method that microearthquake seismic phase identification separates only is example, those skilled in the art can adopt other method to carry out the identification of microearthquake seismic phase to separate fully.
At step S150; During the walking of the corresponding seismic phase through using the microearthquake incident with travel-time difference and each net point in during the walking of the microearthquake incident supposed and travel-time difference the microearthquake incident is scanned stack, with pairing at least one net point of acquisition microearthquake incident.
To describe the scanning overlap-add operation of the microearthquake incident among the step S150 among Fig. 1 below with reference to Fig. 4 in detail.Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram based on the step S150 of the microearthquake incident localization method of azimutal confinement scanning stack that Fig. 1 is shown.As shown in Figure 4, at operation S410, predetermined window is set during along the walking of the microearthquake incident of all hypothesis, the energy of microearthquake incident is scanned stack, to obtain at least one heterogenize cross-correlation coefficient.Can obtain the heterogenize cross-correlation coefficient through following equality 2:
Wherein, to a microearthquake logout direct wave is partly utilized first arrival obtain after proofreading and correct data [xi (j), j=1 ... M, j=1 ..., N]; N is total three-component seismometer number, and M is the number of sampled point in the selected predetermined window, and E is non-normalized cross-correlation coefficient, and G is the microearthquake incident in the simple crosscorrelation predetermined window scope; Predetermined window length can be a value between 1 to M, and S is a cross correlation function, and i is the corresponding grid of microearthquake incident number; J is a three-component seismometer number, can be a value between 1 to N, x
i, y
i, z
iBe respectively the mesh coordinate of microearthquake incident.
At operation S420, select pairing at least one net point of maximum heterogenize cross-correlation coefficient (that is ceiling capacity) in said at least one heterogenize cross-correlation coefficient as the pairing net point of microearthquake incident.
Because the corresponding a plurality of net points of microearthquake incident possibility; Therefore at step S160; Use pairing said at least one net point of microearthquake incident and two the position angles that horizontal component calculate microearthquake incident of microearthquake incident in three components of three-dimensional coordinate system; And according to the position angle of microearthquake incident and the relation of two horizontal components
and corresponding said at least one net point of microearthquake incident; Confirm the position that meets said azimuthal generation of microearthquake incident; Wherein, α representes the position angle of microearthquake incident, and X, Y represent two horizontal components respectively.Here, can calculate the position angle of microearthquake incident through the polarization analysis method, but this only is an example, the position angle that those skilled in the art can adopt other method to calculate the microearthquake incident fully.
Should understand, above-mentioned steps S110 ~ S160 has only described the processing of a microearthquake incident being confirmed its position.Yet,, can carry out above-mentioned steps S110 ~ S160 to each microearthquake incident respectively if from the microearthquake data of actual acquisition, identify a plurality of microearthquake incidents.
Through the microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement scanning stack of the present invention, use constrained scanning to superpose and realize automatic location, solved the multiresolution issue of location preferably; In addition, microearthquake incident localization method of the present invention need not carry out artificial first arrival and pick up and the microearthquake incident is carried out space orientation, and all can use said microearthquake incident localization method to straight well and inclined shaft.
Though illustrated and described the present invention with reference to certain exemplary embodiments; But it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention that scope limits claim and equivalent thereof and can make the various changes on form and the details.
Claims (9)
1. microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement, said method comprises:
Comprise under well head according to well-log information and perforation data in the underground space in microearthquake source and set up rate pattern;
The underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head is set up three-dimensional coordinate system and carry out discrete grid blockization, and when calculating the walking of the microearthquake incident in each net point, supposed through rate pattern and travel-time difference;
Identification microearthquake incident from the microearthquake data of actual acquisition;
The microearthquake incident is carried out microearthquake seismic phase identification separate, during with the walking of the corresponding seismic phase that obtains the microearthquake incident and travel-time difference;
During the walking of the corresponding seismic phase through using the microearthquake incident with travel-time difference and each net point in during the walking of the microearthquake incident supposed and travel-time difference the microearthquake incident is scanned stack, with pairing at least one net point of acquisition microearthquake incident;
Use pairing said at least one net point of microearthquake incident and two the position angles that horizontal component calculate microearthquake incident of microearthquake incident in three components of three-dimensional coordinate system, and confirm the position that the microearthquake incident takes place according to position angle and corresponding said at least one net point of microearthquake incident of microearthquake incident.
2. the microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement as claimed in claim 1 wherein, comprises the step of setting up rate pattern in the underground space in microearthquake source and comprises under well head:
According to well-log information the underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head is divided layer position, set up initial level stratiform rate pattern;
Through the travel-time difference of use perforation record and known shooting point position,, initial level stratiform rate pattern is revised to obtain meticulous rate pattern through inverting according to initial level stratiform rate pattern.
3. the microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement as claimed in claim 1 wherein, comes actual acquisition microearthquake data through using three-component seismometer.
4. the microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement as claimed in claim 3; Wherein, the step of the underground space that comprises the microearthquake source under the well head being set up three-dimensional coordinate system comprises: is that directions X, positive north are the Y direction, are that the Z direction is set up three-dimensional coordinate system vertically downward with well head or first order three-component seismometer as true origin, due east.
5. the microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement as claimed in claim 1; Step with travel-time difference when wherein, calculating the walking of the microearthquake incident in each net point, suppose comprises: when the use ray-tracing scheme is calculated walking of the microearthquake incident in each net point, supposed and travel-time difference.
6. the microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the step of from the microearthquake data of actual acquisition, discerning the microearthquake incident comprises operates the microearthquake data as follows:
The microearthquake data is provided with predetermined threshold;
Three stronger track datas in the selection microearthquake data and suitable length of window;
In said window, carry out the energy size along three track datas of selecting and calculate and polarization analysis, with obtain and when judging window preceding during energy and window back of the data in the window ratio of the energy of the data in the window whether reach predetermined threshold;
If reach predetermined threshold; Then pick up out the microearthquake incident in the three stronger track datas from the microearthquake data; And the suitable size of microearthquake incident intercepting to picking up out; If do not reach predetermined threshold, then carry out the window slip and carry out calculating of energy size and polarization analysis once more, up to three track datas being accomplished picking up of the big or small calculating of energy and polarization analysis and microearthquake incident.
7. the microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement as claimed in claim 3, wherein, carry out microearthquake seismic phase identification separation steps to the microearthquake incident and comprise:
When the microearthquake incident is the twin shaft scan event; If the corresponding three-component seismometer head and the tail travel-time difference of lineups during the walking of the microearthquake incident that the three-component seismometer that lineups are corresponding during the walking of the microearthquake incident that first is scanned head and the tail travel-time difference scans greater than second quilt; The corresponding S ripple of lineups during the walking of first microearthquake incident that is scanned then; The corresponding P ripple of lineups during the walking of the microearthquake incident that second quilt scans, vice versa.
8. the microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement as claimed in claim 1, wherein, carry out microearthquake seismic phase identification separation steps to the microearthquake incident and comprise:
When the microearthquake incident is the single shaft scan event; When confirming the walking of the microearthquake incident adjacent and position with the microearthquake incident that is scanned; When the trend that first arrival is write down during the walking of lineups during the walking of first arrival record and adjacent microearthquake incident during the walking of lineups when by the walking of the microearthquake incident that scanned was identical, if rate pattern is a P wave propagation velocity model, then the single shaft incident was the P ripple; If rate pattern is a S wave propagation velocity model, then the single shaft incident is the S ripple.
9. the microearthquake incident localization method based on azimutal confinement as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the step that the microearthquake incident is scanned stack comprises:
Predetermined window is set during along the walking of the microearthquake incident of all hypothesis, the energy of microearthquake incident is scanned stack, to obtain at least one heterogenize cross-correlation coefficient;
Select pairing at least one net point of maximum heterogenize cross-correlation coefficient in said at least one heterogenize cross-correlation coefficient as the pairing net point of microearthquake incident.
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