CN107290722A - The localization method and device of microquake sources - Google Patents
The localization method and device of microquake sources Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of microquake sources localization method and device, wherein method includes：The relative bearing between perforation source and microquake sources is obtained according to perforation (being in same fracturing section with microseismic event) polarizing angle and microseism polarizing angle；The positional information in perforation source and the positional information of wave detector are obtained, the rate pattern that perforation P ripples signal is propagated is determined according to the positional information in perforation source, the positional information of wave detector, initial time and default relational model；According to the positional information of wave detector, microseism P ripples and S ripples initial time, rate pattern, default relational model and relative bearing, the position of microquake sources is determined under the conditions of preset search.The localization method and device for the microquake sources that the present invention is provided, the relative bearing between perforation source and microquake sources is determined by perforation polarizing angle and microseism polarizing angle, and constraints is used as using relative bearing, it may search for determining the position of microquake sources, the deviations brought during inverting microseism source position can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas exploration, in particular to a method and a device for positioning a micro seismic source.
Background
The hydraulic fracturing is a production increasing measure of oil and gas wells with wide application prospect, the hydraulic fracturing method is a main form for exploiting natural gas at present, and a large amount of liquid mixed with chemical substances is mainly poured into a shale layer to be subjected to hydraulic fracturing so as to release the natural gas.
In the hydraulic fracturing process, the underground cracks are generated, and simultaneously, some seismic events with smaller seismic magnitudes are released, the seismic events are accurately and quickly positioned, and then morphological characteristics of the cracks are inverted so as to evaluate the pressure effect, and a decision basis is provided for later-stage yield evaluation and exploitation.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a principle of locating a seismic event in the prior art, as shown in fig. 1, an origin O is an origin of a well site coordinate system, a point P1 is an emission point of a microseismic event, i.e., a microseismic source, and a fracture fluid exists between a point P1 and a point O, which causes a seismic wave signal at a point P1 to generate a curvature of a propagation path shown in a propagation process from the point P1 to the point O, so that when a point P1 is inverted, i.e., when a seismic source position is located, the microseismic source is inverted to a point P1' due to the curvature of the propagation path, a positioning deviation of an angle β is generated, and an error generated at this time is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for positioning a micro seismic source, which are used for solving the problem of larger positioning error generated when the position of the micro seismic source is determined in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for positioning a micro seismic source, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a perforation signal sent by a perforation source, and extracting the first arrival time of the perforation P wave signal reaching a detector from the perforation signal;
acquiring a microseismic signal sent by a microseismic source, and extracting the first arrival time of the microseismic P wave signal reaching a detector and the first arrival time of the microseismic S wave signal reaching the detector from the microseismic signal;
determining a perforation polarization angle according to the perforation P wave signal;
determining a microseismic polarization angle according to the microseismic P wave signal;
acquiring a relative azimuth angle between a perforation source and a microseismic source according to the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle; acquiring position information of a perforation source and position information of a detector, and determining a speed model of a P wave signal according to the position information of the perforation source, the position information of the detector, the perforation P wave first arrival time and a preset relation model, wherein the preset relation model is the relation model among the position information, the first arrival time and the P wave propagation speed;
and determining the position of the micro seismic source under a preset search condition according to the position information of the detector, the first arrival time of the micro seismic P wave and the micro seismic S wave, a speed model, a preset relation model and a relative azimuth angle.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a micro seismic source positioning apparatus, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a perforation signal sent by a perforation source and extracting the first arrival time of the perforation P wave signal reaching the detector from the perforation signal;
the acquisition module is also used for acquiring microseismic signals sent by a microseismic source and extracting the first arrival time of the microseismic P wave signals to the detector and the first arrival time of the microseismic S wave signals to the detector from the microseismic signals;
the polarization angle determining module is used for determining a perforation polarization angle according to the perforation P wave signal;
the polarization angle determination module is also used for determining a microseismic polarization angle according to the microseismic P wave signal;
the polarization angle determining module is further used for acquiring a relative azimuth angle between a perforation source and a microseismic source according to the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle;
and the positioning module is used for determining the position of the micro seismic source under the preset search condition according to the position information of the detector, the first arrival time of the micro seismic P wave and the micro seismic S wave, the speed model, the preset relation model and the relative azimuth angle.
According to the positioning method and device of the micro seismic source, the relative azimuth angle between the perforation source and the micro seismic source is determined through the perforation polarization angle and the micro seismic polarization angle, the position of the micro seismic source can be searched and determined by taking the relative azimuth angle as a constraint condition, and the positioning deviation brought by the inversion of the position of the micro seismic source in the prior art can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art method for locating seismic events;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for locating a micro seismic source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for determining relative polarization angles according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a layered structure of a subsurface medium provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for locating a micro seismic source according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a time window with a first preset length and a second preset time window according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning apparatus for a micro seismic source according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a method for positioning a micro seismic source according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
The present embodiments provide a method for locating a microseismic source and the methods and processes described herein may be embodied in a hardware module or device. These modules or devices may include, but are not limited to: an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) chip, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a dedicated or shared processor that executes a particular software module or piece of code at a particular time, and/or other programmable logic devices now known or later developed. When activated, the hardware modules or devices perform the methods and processes included therein.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for positioning a micro seismic source according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the method for positioning a micro seismic source includes:
step 101, acquiring a perforation signal sent by a perforation source, and extracting a first arrival time of a perforation P wave signal reaching a detector from the perforation signal.
Step 102, acquiring a microseismic signal sent by a microseismic source, and extracting the first arrival time of a microseismic P wave signal reaching a detector from the microseismic signal.
The perforation signal refers to a signal obtained by converting a sound wave signal emitted by a perforating gun into an electrical signal, and the perforating gun is generally arranged at a perforation source.
Specifically, the perforation signal and the microseismic signal emitted by the microseismic source can be detected and acquired by the detector, and the execution main body of the embodiment acquires the perforation signal and the microseismic signal detected by the detector.
The sequence of acquiring the perforation signal and the microseismic signal is not limited, and the two events can be regarded as mutually independent events in time, namely, the perforation signal can be acquired first and then the microseismic signal can be acquired, and the microseismic signal can also be acquired first and then the perforation signal can be acquired. Of course, both may also be acquired simultaneously.
And 103, determining a perforation polarization angle according to the perforation P wave signal.
And step 104, determining the microseismic polarization angle according to the microseismic P wave signal.
In a preferred embodiment, a perforation signal from a perforation source is acquired, and the first arrival time of the perforation P-wave signal at the detector is extracted from the perforation signal. And extracting the first arrival time of the perforation S-wave signal reaching the detector.
The method for determining the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle is the same, and certainly, the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle can be determined by different methods. Specifically, the method for determining the polarization angle disclosed in the prior art can be adopted, and details are not repeated herein.
And 105, acquiring a relative azimuth angle between the perforation source and the microseismic source according to the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle.
Specifically, the relative azimuth angle is determined according to the difference between the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram for determining a relative polarization angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, where B1 is the location of the perforation source, B2 is the location of the microseismic source, and due to the existence of the fracturing fluid, the propagation paths of the perforation signal and the microseismic signal are both curved paths as shown by the dashed lines, the location of the perforation source is inverted according to the polarization angle of the perforation is B1 ', the location of the microseismic source is inverted according to the polarization angle of the microseismic source is B2', and since the location of the perforation source is closer to the location of the microseismic source, the propagation paths are also similar, the included angle μ between the location B1 'of the perforation source obtained by inversion and the location B2' of the microseismic source obtained by inversion and the origin O of the coordinate system can be approximated to the relative azimuth angle between the perforation source.
The origin O of the coordinate system may be established on the detector, that is, the detector may be used as the origin of coordinates. Of course, other locations are possible.
And 106, acquiring the position information of the perforation source and the position information of the detector, and determining a layered velocity model of the perforation P wave signal in the underground medium according to the position information of the perforation source, the position information of the detector, the first arrival time of the perforation P wave and a preset relationship model, wherein the preset relationship model is a relationship model among the position information, the first arrival time and the P wave propagation velocity.
If the first arrival moment of the perforation S wave signal is acquired, the perforation S wave can determine a layered velocity model of the perforation S wave signal in the underground medium by the same method. Otherwise, determining the S-wave velocity model from the P-wave velocity model according to the preset ratio of the P-wave velocity to the S-wave velocity. The perforation signal refers to a signal obtained by converting a sound wave signal emitted by a perforating gun into an electrical signal, and the perforating gun is generally arranged at a perforation source.
And step 107, determining the position of the micro seismic source under a preset search condition according to the position information of the detector, the first arrival time of the micro seismic P wave and the micro seismic S wave, the speed model, a preset relation model and the relative azimuth angle.
Fig. 4 is a layered structure of a subsurface medium according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, since the subsurface medium includes different medium layers, the propagation speed of the P wave may vary at different depths of the medium layers, and therefore, preferably, the speed model is a layered speed model, that is, the speed of the P wave is a function of the depth, and the speed model is: v ═ V (Z), where V is the propagation velocity of the P wave, Z is the depth of P wave propagation, and V is the functional relationship between the depth of P wave propagation and the propagation velocity. In fig. 4, the direction in which the coordinate axes point is the depth direction of propagation.
When the S wave determines the layered structure of the underground medium, the method can also be adopted, the propagation speed of the S wave can be substituted into V in the formula, the propagation depth of the S wave can be substituted into Z in the formula, and a function between the propagation depth and the propagation speed of the S wave can be substituted into V in the formula.
This embodiment will be described by taking an example in which the coordinate origin does not coincide with the detector in a rectangular coordinate system. For example, if the position coordinate of the micro seismic source is (X)m,Ym,Zm) The position coordinate of the perforation source is (X)p,Yp,Zp) The position coordinate of the detector is (X)r,Yr,Zr) The first arrival time of the microseismic P-wave signal emitted from the microseismic source reaching the detector isThe first arrival time of a perforation P wave signal emitted from a perforation source reaching the detector isThe velocity model of the perforation P signal in the subsurface is v (Z).
Due to the position coordinates (X) of the perforation sourcep,Yp,Zp) Position coordinates (X) of the detectorr,Yr,Zr) Can be obtained if the position coordinate (X) of the perforation sourcep,Yp,Zp) Position coordinates (X) of the detectorr,Yr,Zr) And the first arrival time of the perforation P wave signalSatisfying a preset relationship model:then, according to a preset model, solving and obtaining a laminar velocity model v ═ v (z) of the P-wave signal in the underground medium.
Because the signals are P waves, the propagation speed of the perforation P wave signal in the underground medium is the same as the propagation speed of the microseismic P wave signal in the depth direction of the underground medium, and the layered speed model of the microseismic P wave signal in the underground medium can adopt a speed model v ═ v (z) obtained by the perforation P wave signal.
The layered velocity model of the S-wave signal in the underlying medium may also be in the same manner as described above, and will not be described herein again.
Further, after determining the relative azimuth angle μ between the perforation source and the microseismic source, since the position of the perforation source and the position of the detector are known, if the velocity model of the microseismic P-wave and microseismic S-wave signals in the underground medium is known, the position of the microseismic source can be determined according to a preset relationship model.
According to the positioning method of the micro seismic source, the relative azimuth angle between the perforation source and the micro seismic source is determined through the perforation polarization angle and the micro seismic polarization angle, the position of the micro seismic source can be searched and determined by taking the relative azimuth angle as a constraint condition, and the positioning deviation brought by the inversion of the position of the micro seismic source in the prior art can be reduced.
Example two
In this embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, the present embodiment further explains the step 101 in the above embodiment. Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a method for locating a micro seismic source according to a second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, the method includes:
generally, the perforation P-wave signal and the microseismic P-wave signal both comprise an east-west component signal and a south-north component signal.
The north-south component signal, i.e., the direction of the X-axis in fig. 3, the vertical component signal is the direction of the Z-axis in fig. 3, and the east-west component signal is the direction of the Y-axis in fig. 3.
Optionally, the east-west component signal of the perforation P-wave signal may be selected to determine the first arrival time, and of course, when the first arrival time of the microseismic P-wave signal is determined, the east-west component signal of the microseismic P-wave signal may also be selected to determine the microseismic first arrival time.
Step 1011, a first average energy value of the perforation P-wave signal in a time window of a first preset length is obtained.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a time window with a first preset length and a second preset time window according to a second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, a horizontal axis in fig. 5 is a time axis.
Specifically, a first average energy value in a time window 1 with a first preset length of a perforation P wave signal is obtained at the beginning of a sound wave signal sent by the perforating gun. Wherein the first average energy value is determined from the amplitude of the perforation P-wave signal.
And 1012, sliding a time window 2 with a second preset length along the time axis in the time window 1 with the first preset length, and acquiring a second average energy value of the perforation P-wave signal in the time window with the second preset length, wherein the length of the time window with the second preset length is smaller than that of the time window with the first preset length.
And 1013, determining the first arrival time of the perforation P wave signal according to the ratio of the second average energy value to the first average energy value.
Specifically, when sliding the time window 2 of the second preset length within the time window 1 of the first preset length, a plurality of second average energy values can be obtained during the continuous sliding process. And obtaining an energy ratio by dividing the second average energy value by the first average energy value, and selecting a time corresponding to a time window with a second preset length corresponding to the maximum energy ratio from the plurality of energy ratios, wherein the time is taken as an initial time.
The time corresponding to the time window 2 with the second preset length may be a previous time corresponding to the time window 2 with the second preset length, that is, the time corresponding to the end on the left side of the time window 2 with the second preset length in fig. 5, and of course, the time corresponding to the end on the right side of the time window 2 with the second preset length may also be the previous time. Of course, there may be other ways to determine the first arrival time according to the length of the time window 2 with the second preset length, which will not be described herein again.
In addition, the length of the time window with the first preset length can be set according to the time of the sound wave signal sent by the perforating gun and the distance between the perforating gun and the detector, and the time range of the perforating P-wave signal reaching the first arrival time of the detector can be preliminarily determined.
Step 102, acquiring microseismic signals sent by a microseismic source, and extracting the first arrival time of a microseismic P wave signal reaching a detector and the first arrival time of a microseismic S wave signal reaching the detector from the microseismic signals.
The method for extracting the microseismic first arrival time from the microseismic P wave signal is the same as the method for extracting the first arrival time from the perforation P wave signal.
Specifically, a third average energy value of the microseismic P wave signal in a time window with a third preset length is obtained; and sliding a time window with a fourth preset length along the time axis in a time window with a third preset length, and acquiring a fourth average energy value of the microseismic P-wave signal in the time window with the fourth preset length, wherein the length of the time window with the fourth preset length is less than that of the time window with the third preset length.
And determining the first arrival moment of the microseismic P-wave signal according to the ratio of the fourth average energy value to the third average energy value.
Wherein, the length of the time window with the third preset length and the length of the time window with the first preset length
And 103, determining a perforation polarization angle according to the perforation P wave signal.
The determining of the perforation polarization angle according to the perforation P wave signal specifically comprises the following steps:
and step 1031, selecting east-west component signals and south-north component signals of the perforation P wave signals within a preset time length after the perforation first arrival moment.
Step 1032, a covariance matrix of the two component signals is calculated according to the east-west component signal and the south-north component signal.
At step 1033, elements in the covariance matrix determine the perforation polarization angle.
And step 104, determining the microseismic polarization angle according to the microseismic P wave signal.
In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
ui(t)，uj(t): the two horizontal components of the perforation signal,
θ: in order to obtain the polarization angle of the perforation,
cij: the elements of the covariance matrix are,
t: and (4) a perforation period.
The method for determining the microseismic polarization angle according to the microseismic P wave signal is similar to the method for determining the perforation polarization angle, namely an east-west component signal and a south-north component signal of the microseismic P wave signal within a preset time length after the microseismic first arrival moment are selected, furthermore, a covariance matrix of the two component signals is calculated according to the east-west component signal and the south-north component signal, and the microseismic polarization angle is determined according to elements in the covariance matrix.
And 105, acquiring a relative azimuth angle between the perforation source and the microseismic source according to the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle.
And 106, acquiring the position information of the perforation source and the position information of the detector, and determining a layered velocity model of the perforation P wave signal in the underground medium according to the position information of the perforation source, the position information of the detector, the perforation first arrival time and a preset relationship model, wherein the preset relationship model is a relationship model among the position information, the first arrival time and the P wave propagation velocity.
And step 107, determining the position of the micro seismic source under a preset search condition according to the position information of the detector, the first arrival time of the micro seismic P wave and the micro seismic S wave, the speed model, a preset relation model and the relative azimuth angle.
Specifically, after the velocity model v ═ v (z) of the perforation P-wave signal in the subsurface is determined, the velocity model v ═ v (z) and the position coordinates (X) of the detector are determinedr,Yr,Zr) And the first arrival time of the microseismic P-wave signalAnd the first arrival time of the microseismic S-wave signalInto a predetermined relational model F, according toDetermining the position coordinates and first arrival time of the microseismic sourceThe correlation between the micro seismic sources and the position coordinates and the first arrival time of the micro seismic sourcesThe association relationship between them.
Due to the first arrival time of the microseismThere may be more than one corresponding microseismic source location coordinate, so that the relative azimuth angle can be used as a constraint for the time within the relative azimuth angle and satisfying the first arrival of the microseismic sourcePosition of micro seismic sourceAnd (5) setting coordinates for searching.
Setting the position coordinate (X) of the initial micro seismic source searched in a preset space range according to the position information of the detectorm0,Ym0,Zm0) Wherein the predetermined spatial range is determined according to the relative azimuth.
Coordinate (X) of detector positionr,Yr,Zr) And the position coordinates (X) of the initial micro-seismic sourcem0,Ym0,Zm0) (Xn0,Yn0,Zn0) Respectively substituting into a preset relation model F to obtain a theoretical first arrival moment corresponding to the position of the initial micro seismic sourceI.e. according to Determining
Theoretical first arrival time of microseismic P-waveAnd the first arrival time of microseismic P waveThe square of the difference of (a) and the theoretical first arrival time of the microseismic S-waveAnd the first arrival time of microseismic S waveThe sum of the squares of the differences being less than or equal to a first predetermined threshold, i.e.The position of the initial micro-seismic source is determined as the position of the target micro-seismic source, wherein l is a first preset threshold value.
The sum of the squares of the theoretical first arrival times is greater than a predetermined threshold, i.e.And re-determining the position of the initial micro seismic source in a preset space range until the target micro seismic source corresponding to the condition that the sum of squares of the theoretical first arrival time is less than or equal to a preset threshold value is obtained through searching.
Note that, if there are a plurality of detectors, the first arrival time is calculated by each detectorMicroseismic first arrival time corresponding to theoretical first arrival time of each detectorThe sum of the squares of the differences being less than or equal to a second predetermined threshold as a constraint, i.e.And re-determining the position of the initial micro seismic source in a preset space range until the target micro seismic source corresponding to a second preset threshold value is searched and obtained, wherein the sum of squares of differences between the theoretical first arrival time and the first arrival time of each detector is less than or equal to the target micro seismic source corresponding to the second preset threshold value, i is the serial number of the detector, and lambda is the second preset threshold value.
According to the positioning method of the micro seismic source, the relative azimuth angle between the perforation source and the micro seismic source is determined through the perforation polarization angle and the micro seismic polarization angle, the position of the micro seismic source can be searched and determined by taking the relative azimuth angle as a constraint condition, and the positioning deviation brought by the inversion of the position of the micro seismic source in the prior art can be reduced.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment provides a positioning apparatus for a micro seismic source, configured to perform the positioning method for a micro seismic source in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, where fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning apparatus for a micro seismic source provided in the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the positioning apparatus for a micro seismic source includes: an acquisition module 71, a polarization angle determination module 72, a velocity model determination module 73, and a localization module 74.
And the obtaining module 71 is configured to obtain a perforation signal sent by the perforation source, and extract a first arrival time when the perforation P-wave signal reaches the detector from the perforation signal.
The obtaining module 71 is further configured to obtain a microseismic signal emitted by the microseismic source, and extract a first arrival time at which the microseismic P-wave signal reaches the detector and a first arrival time at which the microseismic S-wave signal reaches the detector from the microseismic signal.
The polarization angle determining module 72 is connected with the obtaining module 71 and is used for determining a perforation polarization angle according to the perforation P wave signal;
the polarization angle determination module 72 is further configured to determine a microseismic polarization angle according to the microseismic P-wave signal;
the polarization angle determination module 72 is also used to obtain the relative azimuth angle between the perforation source and the microseismic source according to the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle.
And the velocity model determining module 73 is used for acquiring the position information of the perforation source and the position information of the detector, and determining a layered velocity model of the P wave signal in the underground medium according to the position information of the perforation source, the position information of the detector, the perforation first arrival time and a preset relationship model, wherein the preset relationship model is a relationship model among the position information, the first arrival time and the P wave propagation velocity.
Preferably, the velocity model determined by the velocity model determination module 73 is a laminar velocity model.
The positioning module 74 is connected to the polarization angle determining module 72 and the velocity model determining module 73, respectively, and is configured to determine the position of the microseismic source under a preset search condition according to the position information of the detector, the first arrival time of the microseismic P-wave and the microseismic S-wave, the velocity model, the preset relationship model, and the relative azimuth.
Specifically, the implementation processes of the obtaining module 71, the polarization angle determining module 72, the velocity model determining module 73, and the positioning module 74 may refer to the method in the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
In the positioning apparatus for a micro seismic source provided in this embodiment, the polarization angle determining module 72 determines the relative azimuth angle between the perforation source and the micro seismic source through the perforation polarization angle and the micro seismic polarization angle, and the positioning module 74 may search and determine the position of the micro seismic source by using the relative azimuth angle as a constraint condition, so that the positioning deviation caused in the inversion of the position of the micro seismic source in the prior art may be reduced.
Example four
The present embodiment is further supplemented and explained with respect to the positioning device of the micro seismic source based on the third embodiment.
As shown in fig. 7, the obtaining module 71 extracts the first arrival time when the perforation P-wave signal reaches the detector, specifically, obtains a first average energy value of the perforation P-wave signal in a time window with a first preset length, slides the time window with a second preset length along the time axis in the time window with the first preset length, and obtains a second average energy value of the perforation P-wave signal in the time window with the second preset length, where the length of the time window with the second preset length is smaller than the length of the time window with the first preset length, and finally determines the first arrival time of the perforation P-wave signal according to a ratio of the second average energy value to the first average energy value.
Optionally, the perforation P-wave signal includes an east-west component signal and a south-north component signal; accordingly, the polarization angle determination module 72 is specifically configured to: selecting an east-west component signal and a south-north component signal of a perforation P wave signal within a preset time length after a perforation first arrival moment, calculating a covariance matrix of the two component signals according to the east-west component signal and the south-north component signal, and determining a perforation polarization angle according to elements in the covariance matrix.
In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
ui(t)，uj(t): the two horizontal components of the perforation signal,
θ: in order to obtain the polarization angle of the perforation,
cij: the elements of the covariance matrix are,
t: and (4) a perforation period.
The positioning module 74 is specifically configured to set a position coordinate of the initial micro seismic source to be searched within a preset spatial range according to the position information of the detector, where the preset spatial range is determined according to the relative azimuth;
substituting the position information of the detector and the position information of the initial micro seismic source into the preset relation model to obtain theoretical first arrival time of P waves and S waves corresponding to the position of the micro seismic source;
if the sum of the square of the difference between the theoretical first arrival time corresponding to the microseismic P wave and the first arrival time corresponding to the microseismic P wave, the square of the difference between the theoretical first arrival time corresponding to the S wave and the microseismic first arrival time corresponding to the S wave, and the sum of the squares is less than or equal to a preset threshold value, determining the position of the initial microseismic source as the position of the target microseismic source;
and if the sum of the squares of the theoretical first arrival time is greater than a preset threshold, re-determining the position of the initial micro seismic source in the preset space range until the target micro seismic source corresponding to the condition that the sum of the squares of the theoretical first arrival time is less than or equal to the preset threshold is obtained through searching.
For the implementation of the obtaining module 71, the polarization angle determining module 72, the velocity model determining module 73, and the positioning module 74 in the positioning apparatus for a micro seismic source provided in this embodiment, reference may be made to embodiment two, which is not described herein again.
In the positioning apparatus for a micro seismic source provided in this embodiment, the polarization angle determining module 72 determines the relative azimuth angle between the perforation source and the micro seismic source through the perforation polarization angle and the micro seismic polarization angle, and the positioning module 74 may search and determine the position of the micro seismic source by using the relative azimuth angle as a constraint condition, so that the positioning deviation caused in the inversion of the position of the micro seismic source in the prior art may be reduced.
EXAMPLE five
The present embodiment further provides a method for positioning a micro seismic source, which is based on the first and second embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, and includes:
step 801, a first average energy value of a perforation P wave signal in a time window with a first preset length is obtained.
And 802, sliding a time window 2 with a second preset length along the time axis in a time window 1 with the first preset length, and acquiring a second average energy value of the perforation P-wave signal in the time window with the second preset length, wherein the length of the time window with the second preset length is smaller than that of the time window with the first preset length.
And 803, determining the first arrival moment of the perforation P wave signal according to the ratio of the second average energy value to the first average energy value.
Step 804, acquiring position information of a perforation source and position information of a detector, and determining a layered velocity model of a P wave signal in an underground medium according to the position information of the perforation source, the position information of the detector, the perforation first arrival time and a preset relationship model, wherein the preset relationship model is a relationship model among the position information, the first arrival time and the P wave propagation velocity;
if the first arrival moment of the S-wave signal is acquired, the perforating S-wave can determine a laminar velocity model of the S-wave signal in the underground medium by the same method. Otherwise, determining the S-wave velocity model from the P-wave velocity model according to the preset ratio of the P-wave velocity to the S-wave velocity.
Step 805, acquiring a microseismic signal sent by the microseismic source, and extracting a microseismic P, S wave signal from the microseismic signal to reach the microseismic first-arrival time of the detector.
Step 806, an east-west component signal and a south-north component signal of the perforation P wave signal within a preset time length after the first arrival moment of perforation are taken.
In step 807, a covariance matrix of the two component signals is calculated based on the east-west component signal and the south-north component signal.
At step 808, the elements in the covariance matrix determine the perforation polarization angle.
Step 809, determining the microseismic polarization angle according to the microseismic P wave signal.
And step 810, acquiring a relative azimuth angle between the perforation source and the microseismic source according to the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle.
And step 811, determining the position of the microseismic source under the preset search condition according to the position information of the detector, the first arrival time, the velocity model, the relation model and the relative azimuth of the microseismic P wave and the microseismic S wave.
The specific implementation of each step may refer to implementation one and implementation two, which are not described herein again.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for locating a microseismic source, comprising:
acquiring a perforation signal sent by a perforation source, and extracting the first arrival time of the perforation P wave signal reaching a detector from the perforation signal;
acquiring a microseismic signal sent by a microseismic source, and extracting the first arrival time of the microseismic P wave signal reaching a detector and the first arrival time of the microseismic S wave signal reaching the detector from the microseismic signal;
determining a perforation polarization angle according to the perforation P wave signal;
determining a microseismic polarization angle according to the microseismic P wave signal;
acquiring a relative azimuth angle between a perforation source and a microseismic source according to the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle; acquiring position information of a perforation source and position information of a detector, and determining a speed model of a P wave signal according to the position information of the perforation source, the position information of the detector, the perforation P wave first arrival time and a preset relation model, wherein the preset relation model is the relation model among the position information, the first arrival time and the P wave propagation speed;
and determining the position of the micro seismic source under a preset search condition according to the position information of the detector, the first arrival time of the micro seismic P wave and the micro seismic S wave, the speed model, a preset relation model and the relative azimuth angle.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracting the first arrival time of the perforation P-wave signal at the detector by using a long-short time window method specifically comprises:
acquiring a first average energy value of the perforation P wave signal in a time window with a first preset length;
sliding a time window with a second preset length along a time axis in the time window with the first preset length, and acquiring a second average energy value of the perforation P wave signal in the time window with the second preset length, wherein the length of the time window with the second preset length is smaller than that of the time window with the first preset length;
and determining the first arrival moment of the perforation P wave signal according to the ratio of the second average energy value to the first average energy value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the perforation P-wave signals comprise east-west, north-south component signals;
the determining the polarization angle of the perforation source according to the perforation P wave signal comprises:
selecting east-west component signals, south-north component signals and P-wave signals of the perforation within a preset time length after the first-arrival moment of the perforation;
calculating covariance matrixes of two direction signals according to the east-west direction and the north-south direction component signals;
determining the perforation polarization angle according to elements in the covariance matrix;
<mrow> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mi>T</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow>
<mrow> <mi>&theta;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>cot</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>22</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>11</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>11</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>22</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msubsup> <mi>c</mi> <mn>12</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>12</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
ui(t)，uj(t): the two horizontal components of the perforation signal,
θ: in order to obtain the polarization angle of the perforation,
cij: the elements of the covariance matrix are,
t: and (4) a perforation period.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the position of the microseismic source under the preset search condition according to the position information of the geophone, the first arrival time of the microseismic P-wave and the microseismic S-wave, the velocity model, the preset relationship model and the relative azimuth comprises:
setting a position coordinate of a searched initial micro seismic source in a preset space range according to the position information of the detector, wherein the preset space range is determined according to a relative azimuth angle;
substituting the position information of the detector and the position information of the initial micro seismic source into the preset relation model to obtain theoretical first arrival time of P waves and S waves corresponding to the position of the micro seismic source;
if the sum of the squares of the difference between the theoretical first arrival time corresponding to the microseismic P wave and the squares of the difference between the theoretical first arrival time corresponding to the microseismic S wave and the first arrival time corresponding to the microseismic S wave, namely the sum of the squares is less than or equal to a preset threshold value, determining the position of the initial microseismic source as the position of the target microseismic source;
and if the sum of the squares of the theoretical first arrival time is greater than a preset threshold, re-determining the position of the initial micro seismic source in the preset space range until the target micro seismic source corresponding to the condition that the sum of the squares of the theoretical first arrival time is less than or equal to the preset threshold is obtained through searching.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the velocity model is a laminar velocity model.
6. A microseismic source positioning apparatus comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a perforation signal sent by a perforation source and extracting the first arrival time of the perforation P wave signal reaching the detector from the perforation signal;
the acquisition module is also used for acquiring microseismic signals sent by a microseismic source and extracting the first arrival time of the microseismic P wave signals to the detector and the first arrival time of the microseismic S wave signals to the detector from the microseismic signals;
the polarization angle determining module is used for determining a perforation polarization angle according to the perforation P wave signal;
the polarization angle determination module is also used for determining a microseismic polarization angle according to the microseismic P wave signal;
the polarization angle determining module is further used for acquiring a relative azimuth angle between a perforation source and a microseismic source according to the perforation polarization angle and the microseismic polarization angle;
and the positioning module is used for determining the position of the micro seismic source under the preset search condition according to the position information of the detector, the first arrival time of the micro seismic P wave and the micro seismic S wave, the speed model, the preset relation model and the relative azimuth angle.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the acquisition module is specifically configured to acquire a first average energy value of the perforation P-wave signal within a time window of a first preset length;
sliding a time window with a second preset length along a time axis in the time window with the first preset length, and acquiring a second average energy value of the perforation P wave signal in the time window with the second preset length, wherein the length of the time window with the second preset length is smaller than that of the time window with the first preset length;
and determining the first arrival moment of the perforation P wave signal according to the ratio of the second average energy value to the first average energy value.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the perforation P-wave signals comprise an east-west component signal, a south-north component signal, and a vertical component signal; accordingly, the polarization angle determination module is specifically configured to:
selecting east-west component signals, south-north component signals and P-wave signals of the perforation within a preset time length after the first-arrival moment of the perforation;
calculating covariance matrixes of two direction signals according to the east-west direction and the north-south direction component signals;
determining the perforation polarization angle according to elements in the covariance matrix;
wherein,
<mrow> <mi>&theta;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>cot</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>22</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>11</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>11</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>22</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msubsup> <mi>c</mi> <mn>12</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>12</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
ui(t)，uj(t): the two horizontal components of the perforation signal,
θ: in order to obtain the polarization angle of the perforation,
cij: the elements of the covariance matrix are,
t: and (4) a perforation period.
9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the positioning module is specifically configured to set the position information of the initial microseismic source searched within a preset spatial range according to the position information of the geophone, the preset spatial range being determined according to the relative azimuth;
substituting the position information of the detector and the position information of the initial micro seismic source into the preset relation model to obtain theoretical first arrival time of P waves and S waves corresponding to the position of the micro seismic source;
if the sum of the squares of the difference between the theoretical first arrival time corresponding to the microseismic P wave and the squares of the difference between the theoretical first arrival time corresponding to the microseismic S wave and the first arrival time corresponding to the microseismic S wave, namely the sum of the squares is less than or equal to a preset threshold value, determining the position of the initial microseismic source as the position of the target microseismic source;
and if the sum of the squares of the theoretical first arrival time is greater than a preset threshold, re-determining the position of the initial micro seismic source in the preset space range until the target micro seismic source corresponding to the condition that the sum of the squares of the theoretical first arrival time is less than or equal to the preset threshold is obtained through searching.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the velocity model determined by the velocity model determination module is a laminar velocity model.
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