CN104730581B - Method for locating microseism event point - Google Patents
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- CN104730581B CN104730581B CN201510128166.6A CN201510128166A CN104730581B CN 104730581 B CN104730581 B CN 104730581B CN 201510128166 A CN201510128166 A CN 201510128166A CN 104730581 B CN104730581 B CN 104730581B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for locating a microseism event point. The method comprises the steps that a, based on acoustic logging data of a monitoring well and the longitudinal wave first arrival time, monitored by a ground detector, of a preset emitting hole, a longitudinal wave speed model about the included angle between the connecting line of the microseism event point and the position of the ground detector and the vertical direction and the projection coordinates of the microseism event point on the horizontal plane is built; b, the position of the microseism event point to be located is obtained according to the built longitudinal wave speed model and the longitudinal wave first arrival time, monitored by the ground detector, of the microseism event point to be located in an iteration mode. According to the method, the microseism event point can be precisely located in a fracture well area with a complex subsurface structure or severe transverse speed changes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microseism ground monitoring technical field, more particularly, is related to a kind of positioning micro-seismic event point
Method.
Background technology
At present, the micro-seismic event point location mode bag for generally adopting in hydraulic fracturing microseism ground monitoring technical field
Include：The mode of focus spacescan stack power playback, carried out using even speed model or horizontal layer rate pattern it is fixed
The modes such as position.However, the mode of existing positioning micro-seismic event point is subsurface structure is relatively simple, lateral variation in velocity is less
Pressure break wellblock disclosure satisfy that the needs of production, in the fractured well that subsurface structure is complex or lateral variation in velocity is more violent
There is more obvious error in Qu Ze.
The content of the invention
The exemplary embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of positioning micro-seismic event point, and which is can solve the problem that on ground
It is lower to construct the more violent inadequate accurately problem of pressure break wellblock positioning micro-seismic event point of complex or lateral variation in velocity.
The present invention provides a kind of method of positioning micro-seismic event point, including：The Sonic Logging Data of (a) based on monitoring well
The compressional wave first arrival time of the predetermined perforation monitored with surface geophone, sets up with regard to micro-seismic event point and surface geophone
The line of position and the velocity of longitudinal wave mould of angle formed by vertical direction and micro-seismic event point projection coordinate in the horizontal plane
Type；B () is according at the beginning of the compressional wave of the micro-seismic event point to be positioned that the velocity of longitudinal wave model and surface geophone set up are monitored
The position of micro-seismic event point to be positioned is asked for time iteration.
Alternatively, step (a) includes：(a1) initial compressional wave recurrence speed is obtained according to the Sonic Logging Data of monitoring well；
(a2) the described predetermined perforation that monitored according to initial compressional wave recurrence speed, the position of the predetermined perforation, surface geophone
Compressional wave first arrival time determines the line and angle formed by vertical direction with regard to micro-seismic event point with the position of surface geophone
With the velocity of longitudinal wave model of micro-seismic event point projection coordinate in the horizontal plane.
Alternatively, the expression formula of the velocity of longitudinal wave model is：
V=v0(1+k1x)(1+k2y)(1+k3θ+k4θ2),
Wherein, v indicates the velocity of longitudinal wave from micro-seismic event point to surface geophone, v0For initial compressional wave recurrence speed,
(x, y) indicates micro-seismic event point projection coordinate in the horizontal plane, and θ indicates micro-seismic event point and the surface geophone
The line of position and angle, k formed by vertical direction1、k2、k3、k4For coefficient.
Alternatively, k1、k2、k3、k4By using the position of the predetermined perforation as (x, y), the predetermined perforation to ground
The velocity of longitudinal wave of wave detector as v, the line of the predetermined perforation and the position of the surface geophone and vertical direction institute into
Angle be calculated as the expression formula that θ substitutes into the velocity of longitudinal wave model respectively, wherein, the predetermined perforation is examined to ground
The velocity of longitudinal wave of ripple device, is monitored divided by the surface geophone to the distance of the predetermined perforation by the surface geophone
The compressional wave first arrival time of the predetermined perforation is calculated.
Alternatively, step (b) includes：It is to be positioned that velocity of longitudinal wave model and surface geophone according to setting up is monitored
The compressional wave first arrival time iteration of micro-seismic event point asks for iteration stepping Δ during target function value minimum, when the iteration step asked for
When entering Δ less than predetermined threshold, stop iteration and using the coordinate of the current micro-seismic event point for determining as to be positioned micro-
The coordinate of shake case point, wherein, object function is：
Wherein, Δ=[Δ x, Δ y, Δ z]T,
bm,n=(Tm-Tn)-(tm-tn),(x, y, z) indicates the coordinate of the current micro-seismic event point for determining,
(xm,ym,zm) indicate m-th surface geophone coordinate, (xn,yn,zn) indicate n-th surface geophone coordinate, dm、dnPoint
Not Zhi Shi current location to m-th, n-th surface geophone distance, vm、vnIndicate respectively by the velocity of longitudinal wave model
The calculated velocity of longitudinal wave from the current micro-seismic event o'clock for determining to m-th, n-th surface geophone, R are examined for ground
The quantity of ripple device, Tm、TnIndicate respectively the microseism to be positioned that m-th surface geophone and n-th surface geophone are monitored
The compressional wave first arrival time of case point, (x+ Δ x, y+ Δ y, z+ Δs z) indicate the micro-seismic event point determined by current iteration
Coordinate, wherein, coordinates of (x, the y, z) during primary iteration for perforation, (x, the y, z) during follow-up iteration every time is by the last time
(x+ Δ x, y+ Δ y, z+ Δ z) that iteration determines.
Alternatively, when the quantity of perforation is more than or equal to 2, object function is：
Wherein, quantity of the N for perforation, Ω is weight coefficient, zi、zjThe depth of i-th, j-th perforation is indicated respectively, r is
I-thth, the slope of the line of the position of j-th perforation.
Alternatively, during primary iteration, the value of Ω is 0, and when every time determining next iteration at the end of iteration Ω value, under
During an iteration, the value of Ω meets following formula：
Alternatively, calculate k1、k2、k3、k4When the described predetermined perforation for being used and the perforation used during primary iteration be
Same perforation.
Alternatively, predetermined threshold is 5 meters -10 meters.
The method of positioning micro-seismic event point according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, can be complex in subsurface structure
Or the more violent pressure break wellblock of lateral variation in velocity accurately positions micro-seismic event point, is that microseism ground monitoring technology exists
The application in complicated structure area provides strong support, has expanded the range of application of microseism ground monitoring technology.
To partly illustrate the other aspect of present general inventive concept and/or advantage in following description, also one
Divide and will be apparent by description, or can learn through the enforcement of present general inventive concept.
Description of the drawings
By the description carried out with reference to the accompanying drawing for being exemplarily illustrated embodiment, exemplary embodiment of the present it is upper
State and will become apparent with other purposes and feature, wherein：
The flow chart that Fig. 1 illustrates the method for positioning micro-seismic event point according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 illustrates that iteration according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention asks for showing for the position of micro-seismic event point to be positioned
It is intended to.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are reference will now be made in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein, identical mark
Number identical part is referred to all the time.The embodiment will be illustrated by referring to accompanying drawing below, to explain the present invention.
The flow chart that Fig. 1 illustrates the method for positioning micro-seismic event point according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, in step S10, it is predetermined that the Sonic Logging Data and surface geophone based on monitoring well is monitored
The compressional wave first arrival time of perforation, set up line with regard to micro-seismic event point and the position of surface geophone and vertical direction institute into
Angle and micro-seismic event point projection coordinate in the horizontal plane velocity of longitudinal wave model.That is, set up and utilize micro-seismic event
Put the projection in the horizontal plane of line and angle, micro-seismic event point formed by vertical direction with the position of surface geophone to sit
Mark the anisotropic velocity model to describe jointly the velocity of longitudinal wave from micro-seismic event point to surface geophone.
Particularly, initial compressional wave recurrence speed can be obtained according to the Sonic Logging Data of monitoring well first.It should be understood that
Initial compressional wave recurrence speed can be obtained according to the Sonic Logging Data of monitoring well using existing various modes, here is no longer gone to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married
State.
Then, can be according to initial compressional wave recurrence speed, the position of the predetermined perforation, surface geophone be monitored
The compressional wave first arrival time of predetermined perforation determines line and the vertical direction with regard to micro-seismic event point with the position of surface geophone
The velocity of longitudinal wave model of formed angle and micro-seismic event point projection coordinate in the horizontal plane.
It is due to longitudinal wave propagation speed and insensitive for oil gas etc., so the propagation of compressional wave is unwise to changes in coordinates
Sense, it is more sensitive to angle change.It is therefore preferred that the expression formula of velocity of longitudinal wave model can be：
V=v0(1+k1x)(1+k2y)(1+k3θ+k4θ2) (1),
Wherein, v indicates the velocity of longitudinal wave from micro-seismic event point to surface geophone, v0For initial compressional wave recurrence speed,
(x, y) indicates micro-seismic event point projection coordinate in the horizontal plane, and θ indicates the position of micro-seismic event point and the surface geophone
The line put and angle, k formed by vertical direction1、k2、k3、k4For coefficient.
The expression formula of above-mentioned velocity of longitudinal wave model embodies the characteristic of longitudinal wave propagation well, so as to pass through above-mentioned compressional wave speed
Degree model can calculate micro-seismic event point exactly to the velocity of longitudinal wave of surface geophone.
As an example, k1、k2、k3、k4Can be by arriving the position of the predetermined perforation as (x, y), the predetermined perforation
The velocity of longitudinal wave of surface geophone is used as v, line and the vertical direction of the predetermined perforation and the position of the surface geophone
Formed angle is calculated as the expression formula that θ substitutes into the velocity of longitudinal wave model respectively.Wherein, the predetermined perforation is to ground
The velocity of longitudinal wave of face wave detector, can be supervised divided by the surface geophone to the distance of the predetermined perforation by the surface geophone
The compressional wave first arrival time of the described predetermined perforation for measuring is calculated.
Particularly, it is known that the compressional wave first arrival of the described predetermined perforation that the position of predetermined perforation, surface geophone are monitored
Time, the position of surface geophone, by the position of the predetermined perforation, the described predetermined perforation monitored according to surface geophone
The calculated predetermined perforation of compressional wave first arrival time to the velocity of longitudinal wave of surface geophone, the predetermined perforation with it is described
The line of the position of surface geophone substitutes into x, y, v, θ to form multiple equations respectively successively with angle formed by vertical direction,
Solving equations are obtained k1、k2、k3、k4Value.For example, the horizontal level of the predetermined perforation, the predetermined perforation can be arrived
The line of the position of the velocity of longitudinal wave of one surface geophone, the predetermined perforation and the surface geophone and vertical direction institute into
Angle substitute into velocity of longitudinal wave model expression formula obtain one with regard to k1、k2、k3、k4Equation, correspondingly, can will be described pre-
Determine the horizontal level of perforation, the velocity of longitudinal wave of the predetermined perforation to another surface geophone, the predetermined perforation with it is another
The expression formula that the line of the position of individual surface geophone substitutes into velocity of longitudinal wave model with angle formed by vertical direction obtains another
It is individual with regard to k1、k2、k3、k4Equation, correspondingly, obtain a number of with regard to k in the manner described above1、k2、k3、k4Equation.
Moreover, it should be understood that also coefficient k can be determined by other suitable modes1、k2、k3、k4, this is not restricted.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that formula (1) is only as preferred example, other cement bond loggings based on monitoring well
The compressional wave first arrival time of the perforation that well data and surface geophone are monitored is determining and be examined using micro-seismic event point and ground
The line of the position of ripple device is retouched jointly with angle formed by vertical direction, micro-seismic event point projection coordinate in the horizontal plane
The expression formula for stating the anisotropic velocity model of the velocity of longitudinal wave from micro-seismic event point to surface geophone is all applied to this
Invention, is not restricted to this.
In step S20, according to the microseism thing to be positioned that the velocity of longitudinal wave model and surface geophone set up are monitored
The compressional wave first arrival time iteration of part point asks for the position of micro-seismic event point to be positioned.
Fig. 2 illustrates that iteration according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention asks for showing for the position of micro-seismic event point to be positioned
It is intended to.
As shown in Fig. 2 (x, y, z) is the coordinate of the current micro-seismic event point for determining, using the current microseism for determining
Compressional wave first arrival time t of the case point to Different Ground wave detectorm、tn, the current micro-seismic event point for determining is to Different Ground detection
Device apart from dm、dn, and compressional wave first arrival time T of micro-seismic event point to be positioned that Different Ground wave detector is monitoredm、
Tn(not shown in Fig. 2) asks for iteration stepping Δ=[Δ x, Δ y, Δ z]T, by current iteration calculated (x+ Δ x, y+
(x, y, z) during Δ y, z+ Δ z), as next iteration, until when iteration stepping Δ is less than predetermined threshold, stop iteration, and
Using the coordinate of the current micro-seismic event point for determining as micro-seismic event point to be positioned coordinate.Wherein, currently determine
Compressional wave first arrival time t of the micro-seismic event point to Different Ground wave detectormAnd tn, by calculated by velocity of longitudinal wave model
From the current micro-seismic event point for determining to the velocity of longitudinal wave v of different surface geophonesm、vnAnd dm、dnIt is calculated.This
Outward, it should be appreciated that Fig. 2 only illustrates m-th surface geophone and n-th surface geophone showing as Different Ground wave detector
Example, Different Ground wave detector are not limited thereto.
As an example, the micro-seismic event to be positioned for being monitored according to the velocity of longitudinal wave model and surface geophone set up
The compressional wave first arrival time iteration of point asks for iteration stepping Δ during target function value minimum, when the iteration stepping Δ asked for is less than pre-
When determining threshold value, stop iteration and using the coordinate of the current micro-seismic event point for determining as micro-seismic event point to be positioned
Coordinate.
As an example, object function can be：
Wherein, Δ=[Δ x, Δ y, Δ z]T,
bm,n=(Tm-Tn)-(tm-tn),(x, y, z) indicates the coordinate of the current micro-seismic event point for determining,
(xm,ym,zm) indicate m-th surface geophone coordinate, (xn,yn,zn) indicate n-th surface geophone coordinate, dm、dnPoint
Not Zhi Shi current location to m-th, n-th surface geophone distance, vm、vnIndicate respectively by the velocity of longitudinal wave model
The calculated velocity of longitudinal wave from the current micro-seismic event o'clock for determining to m-th, n-th surface geophone, R are examined for ground
The quantity of ripple device, Tm、TnIndicate respectively the microseism to be positioned that m-th surface geophone and n-th surface geophone are monitored
The compressional wave first arrival time of case point, (x+ Δ x, y+ Δ y, z+ Δs z) indicate the micro-seismic event point determined by current iteration
Coordinate.
Here, coordinates of (x, the y, z) during primary iteration for perforation, (x, the y, z) during follow-up iteration every time is by upper
(x+ Δ x, y+ Δ y, z+ Δ z) that an iteration determines.
As an example, calculate k1、k2、k3、k4When the predetermined perforation that used with the perforation used during primary iteration can be
Same perforation, calculates micro-seismic event point to the applicability of the velocity of longitudinal wave of surface geophone to improve by velocity of longitudinal wave model
And accuracy.
As an example, when the quantity of perforation is more than or equal to 2, add macroscopical bound term in object function, i.e. with depth
Spending macroscopical object function for constraining is：
Wherein, quantity of the N for perforation, Ω is weight coefficient, zi、zjThe depth of i-th, j-th perforation is indicated respectively, r is
I-thth, the slope of the line of the position of j-th perforation.
Here, as an example, during primary iteration, the value of Ω is 0, and Ω when determining next iteration at the end of each iteration
Value, during next iteration, the value of Ω meets following formula：
As an example, predetermined threshold can be 5-10, and unit can be rice.It should be understood that can suitably be adjusted according to actual conditions
Predetermined threshold and corresponding unit.
It is also understood by those skilled in the art that formula (2) and formula (3) are only as preferred example, other utilization is worked as
The micro-seismic event point of front determination is to treating that the velocity of longitudinal wave and distance, Different Ground wave detector of Different Ground wave detector are monitored
The compressional wave first arrival time of the micro-seismic event point of positioning is applied to the present invention come the object function for asking for iteration stepping, also,
Also the value of Ω can be set by other suitable modes.
Additionally, the said method of exemplary embodiment of the invention may be implemented as computer program, so as to work as
When running the program, said method is realized.Additionally, said method also can be by holding for positioning the device of micro-seismic event point
OK.
The method of positioning micro-seismic event point according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, can be complex in subsurface structure
Or the more violent pressure break wellblock of lateral variation in velocity accurately positions micro-seismic event point, is that microseism ground monitoring technology exists
The application in complicated structure area provides strong support, has expanded the range of application of microseism ground monitoring technology.
Although having show and described some exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that
In the case of the principle without departing from the present invention for being limited its scope by claim and its equivalent and spirit, can be to these
Embodiment is modified.
Claims (8)
1. it is a kind of positioning micro-seismic event point method, including：
The compressional wave first arrival time of a predetermined perforation that () Sonic Logging Data and surface geophone based on monitoring well is monitored, builds
The vertical line with regard to micro-seismic event point and the position of surface geophone and angle formed by vertical direction and micro-seismic event point
The velocity of longitudinal wave model of projection coordinate in the horizontal plane；
B () is according at the beginning of the compressional wave of the micro-seismic event point to be positioned that the velocity of longitudinal wave model and surface geophone set up are monitored
The position of micro-seismic event point to be positioned is asked for time iteration,
Wherein, step (b) includes：
The compressional wave first arrival of the micro-seismic event point to be positioned that the velocity of longitudinal wave model and surface geophone according to setting up is monitored
Time iteration asks for iteration stepping Δ during target function value minimum, when the iteration stepping Δ asked for is less than predetermined threshold,
Stop iteration and using the coordinate of the current micro-seismic event point for determining as micro-seismic event point to be positioned coordinate,
Wherein, object function is：
Wherein, △=[△ x, △ y, △ z]T,bm,n
=(Tm-Tn)-(tm-tn)(x, y, z) indicates the coordinate of the current micro-seismic event point for determining, (xm,
ym,zm) indicate m-th surface geophone coordinate, (xn,yn,zn) indicate n-th surface geophone coordinate, tm、tnRefer to respectively
Show the compressional wave first arrival time of the micro-seismic event o'clock of current determination to m-th, n-th surface geophone, dm、dnIndicate respectively and work as
Distance of the micro-seismic event o'clock of front determination to m-th, n-th surface geophone, vm、vnIndicate respectively by compressional wave speed
The calculated velocity of longitudinal wave from the current micro-seismic event o'clock for determining to m-th, n-th surface geophone of model is spent, R is
The quantity of surface geophone, Tm、TnIndicate respectively that m-th surface geophone and n-th surface geophone are monitored to be positioned
The compressional wave first arrival time of micro-seismic event point, (x+ △ x, y+ △ y, z+ △ z) indicate the microseism thing determined by current iteration
The coordinate of part point,
Wherein, coordinates of (x, the y, z) during primary iteration for perforation, (x, the y, z) during follow-up iteration every time is by the last time
(x+ △ x, y+ △ y, z+ △ z) that iteration determines.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, step (a) includes：
(a1) initial compressional wave recurrence speed is obtained according to the Sonic Logging Data of monitoring well；
(a2) described predetermined penetrated according to what initial compressional wave recurrence speed, the position of the predetermined perforation, surface geophone were monitored
The compressional wave first arrival time in hole is determined formed by line and vertical direction with regard to micro-seismic event point and the position of surface geophone
The velocity of longitudinal wave model of angle and micro-seismic event point projection coordinate in the horizontal plane.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, the expression formula of the velocity of longitudinal wave model is：
V=v0(1+k1x)(1+k2y)(1+k3θ+k4θ2),
Wherein, v indicates the velocity of longitudinal wave from micro-seismic event point to surface geophone, v0For initial compressional wave recurrence speed, (x, y)
Micro-seismic event point projection coordinate in the horizontal plane is indicated, θ indicates the position of micro-seismic event point and the surface geophone
Line and angle, k formed by vertical direction1、k2、k3、k4For coefficient.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein, k1、k2、k3、k4By using the position of the predetermined perforation as (x,
Y), the predetermined perforation to the velocity of longitudinal wave of surface geophone as v, the position of the predetermined perforation and the surface geophone
Line be calculated as the expression formula that θ substitutes into the velocity of longitudinal wave model respectively with angle formed by vertical direction,
Wherein, velocity of longitudinal wave of the predetermined perforation to surface geophone, by the surface geophone to the predetermined perforation
The compressional wave first arrival time of the described predetermined perforation that distance is monitored divided by the surface geophone is calculated.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, when the quantity of perforation is more than or equal to 2, object function is：
Wherein, quantity of the N for perforation, Ω is weight coefficient, zi、zjThe depth of i-th, j-th perforation is indicated respectively, r is i-th
The slope of the line of the position of individual, j-th perforation.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, during primary iteration, the value of Ω is 0, and under determining at the end of iteration every time
The value of Ω during an iteration, during next iteration, the value of Ω meets following formula：
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, calculates k1、k2、k3、k4When the described predetermined perforation that used with it is initial
The perforation used during iteration is same perforation.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, predetermined threshold is 5 meters -10 meters.
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| CN106353794B (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2020-09-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Microseism velocity model correction method based on relative first arrival matching error |
| CN105116444B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-08-25 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of ground micro-seismic monitors anisotropic velocity model |
| CN107346349B (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2020-12-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for calculating micro-seismic azimuth in well based on multiple porous stages |
| CN106772577B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2019-04-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Source inversion method based on microseism data and SPSA optimization algorithm |
| CN110716230B (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-08-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Well-ground combined micro-seismic positioning method |
| CN110967762B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2021-09-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Microseism stratum velocity calibration method and system |
| CN113820743A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-21 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Microseismic positioning method |
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