CN107346349B - Method and device for calculating micro-seismic azimuth in well based on multiple porous stages - Google Patents
Method and device for calculating micro-seismic azimuth in well based on multiple porous stages Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for calculating the azimuth of micro earthquake in well are disclosed. The method can comprise the following steps: calculating all perforation radial directions based on the known perforation coordinates and the detector coordinates; calculating included angles theta between all other perforation radial directions and one perforation radial direction serving as a reference radial direction { theta }1,θ2,...,θN}; carrying out perforation data orientation consistency correction on the perforation data to ensure that all perforation radial directions are consistent with a reference radial direction; the porous data are overlapped in series to construct a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix CXY(ii) a Calculating the azimuth angle alpha of all detectors ═ { alpha ═ alpha1,α2,...,αM}; performing detector orientation consistency correction on the fracturing data to enable the X component of the disordered fracturing data to rotate to the radial direction of the perforation; the multistage detectors are stacked in series to construct a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multistage detectorsXY(ii) a And calculating a fracture event azimuth angle β. The invention realizes accurate and stable calculation of the fracture event azimuth angle by equivalently forming a plurality of perforations and a plurality of detectors into a perforation and a detector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic monitoring, in particular to a porous multistage-based borehole microseism azimuth calculation method and a porous multistage-based borehole microseism azimuth calculation device.
Background
Borehole microseismic monitoring is one of the microseismic observation methods. The method is used for fracturing a well according to the requirement of microseism monitoring, designing a plurality of perforation positions to perform fracturing testing, and receiving microseism full wavefield signals by using an underground three-component detector. Compared with ground microseism monitoring, the signal-to-noise ratio of data received in a well is high, and the number and types of microseism events are rich. The method has the advantages that the underground detector orientation is unknown, so that the X-component and Y-component microseism data of the detector are disordered, subsequent positioning processing is influenced, and meanwhile, the event positioning orientation cannot be obtained. Currently, a common method is to calculate the azimuth angle by inputting a single perforation data and a single detector: according to the principle that the direction of the wave propagation projection on the X, Y plane is consistent with the motion track direction of P wave particle of X, Y component, the included angle alpha between the wave propagation direction and the X component of the detector is calculated by utilizing perforation data; as the perforation coordinate and the detector coordinate are known, the geometric directions of the perforation and the detector can be obtained, and the absolute positions of the X component and the Y component of the detector can be finally obtained through the included angle alpha.
The inventor finds that due to the complexity of actual field data acquisition, the signal-to-noise ratio of perforation data is uneven, and individual detectors are unstable at high temperature for a long time, so that the calculation accuracy of the micro-seismic azimuth in a well is influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for calculating the direction of the microseism in the well with high azimuth calculation accuracy.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The computed azimuth is inaccurate due to micro-seismic signal instability of individual perforations, individual receivers. The invention provides a method and a device for calculating a micro-seismic azimuth in a well based on multiple holes and multiple stages, which can improve the stability and the accuracy of calculation of a micro-seismic azimuth in the well by equivalently forming a plurality of perforations and a plurality of detectors into a perforation and a detector by adding an input data mode, namely, multiple holes and multiple stages.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for calculating the micro-seismic azimuth in a well based on a porous multistage is provided. The method may include: calculating all perforation radial directions based on the known perforation coordinates and the detector coordinates, and calculating included angles between all other perforation radial directions by taking one perforation radial direction as a reference radial direction; performing perforation data orientation consistency correction on the perforation data by using the included angle to ensure that all perforation radial directions are consistent with a reference radial direction; serially overlapping a plurality of perforation data subjected to perforation data orientation consistency correction to construct a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix; calculating azimuth angles of all detectors based on the porous two-dimensional covariance matrix; performing detector orientation consistency correction on the fracturing data by utilizing the orientation angle to ensure that the X component of the disordered fracturing data is consistent with the radial direction of the perforation; the multi-stage detectors corrected by the detector orientation consistency are connected in series and overlapped to construct a two-dimensional covariance matrix of the multi-stage detectors; and calculating a fracture event azimuth based on the multistage detector two-dimensional covariance matrix.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi-hole multi-stage based in-well micro-seismic orientation calculation apparatus, which may include: the perforation radial calculating unit is used for calculating all perforation radial directions based on the known perforation coordinates and the detector coordinates, and calculating included angles between all other perforation radial directions and one of the perforation radial directions as a reference radial direction; the perforation data orientation consistency correction unit is used for carrying out perforation data orientation consistency correction on the perforation data by utilizing the included angle so as to enable all perforation radial directions to be consistent with a reference radial direction; the multi-hole two-dimensional covariance matrix construction unit is used for serially overlapping a plurality of perforation data subjected to perforation data orientation consistency correction to construct a multi-hole two-dimensional covariance matrix; the detector azimuth angle calculation unit is used for calculating the azimuth angles of all the detectors based on the porous two-dimensional covariance matrix; the detector orientation consistency correction unit is used for performing detector orientation consistency correction on the fracturing data by utilizing the orientation angle so as to enable the X component of the disordered fracturing data to be consistent with the radial direction of the perforation; the multi-level detector two-dimensional covariance matrix construction unit is used for serially overlapping the multi-level detectors subjected to detector orientation consistency correction to construct a multi-level detector two-dimensional covariance matrix; and the fracturing event azimuth angle calculation unit is used for calculating the fracturing event azimuth angle based on the two-dimensional covariance matrix of the multistage detector.
The invention realizes accurate and stable calculation of the fracture event azimuth angle by equivalently forming a plurality of perforations and a plurality of detectors into a perforation and a detector.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a method of in-well microseismic azimuth calculation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an X, Y coordinate system geometry for perforations, receivers, and events;
FIGS. 3A and 3B are raw data for perforation 1;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are raw data for perforation 2;
FIGS. 5A and 5B are raw data for perforation 3;
FIG. 6 is an X, Y coordinate table of perforations, receivers, events;
figures 7A and 7B are data after geometric rotation of the perforation 1;
figures 8A and 8B are data after geometric rotation of the perforations 3;
FIG. 9 is a table of 14 receiver orientations;
10A and 10B are fracture event raw data;
FIGS. 11A and 11B are data after correction for detector orientation consistency;
fig. 12 is a hodogram corresponding to the X component and the Y component in fig. 11.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method of borehole microseismic azimuth calculation according to one embodiment of the present invention. The method can comprise the following steps:
102, performing perforation data orientation consistency correction on the perforation data by using the included angle to ensure that all perforation radial directions are consistent with a reference radial direction;
103, serially overlapping a plurality of perforation data subjected to azimuth perforation data consistency correction to construct a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix CXY；
104, based on the porous two-dimensional covariance matrix CXYCalculating the azimuth angle alpha of all detectors ═ { alpha ═ alpha1,α2,...,αMWhere M is the number of detectors, α1,α2,...,αMAzimuth angles of detectors 1, 2, …, M, respectively;
105, performing detector orientation consistency correction on the fracturing data by using the azimuth angle alpha to ensure that the X component of the disordered fracturing data is consistent with the radial direction of the perforation;
106, stacking the multi-stage detectors subjected to detector orientation consistency correction in series to construct a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multi-stage detectorsXY(ii) a And
In the embodiment, a plurality of perforations and a plurality of detectors are equivalent to one perforation and one detector, so that the accurate and stable calculation of the fracture event azimuth angle is realized.
In step 102, the institute is utilizedThe angle to perforation data orientation consistency correction can include: rotating all other perforation data by an included angle theta to obtain a new perforation data X component AX＝{AX1,AX2,...,AXNComponent A of YY＝{AY1,AY2,...,AYNIn which A isX1,AX2,...,AXNComponent of the N data in the X direction, A, for perforation 1, 2, …Y1,AY2,...,AYNThe component of N in the Y direction is the perforation 1, 2, ….
Specifically, by rotating the angle, all perforations are rotated radially into the reference radial direction, obtaining new perforation data X, Y component AXi、AYi：
AXi＝skXi·cos(θi)-skYi·sin(θi) (1)
AYi＝skXi·sin(θi)+skYi·cos(θi) (2)
Wherein skXi、skYiX, Y components before the ith perforation angle rotation, AXi、AYiComponent X, Y, θ, after the ith perforation angle rotationiIs the angle between the radial direction of the ith perforation and the reference radial direction.
In step 103, a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix C is constructedXYThe method can comprise the following steps: a time window W (t) is opened, and a component A of perforation data X after all the angle rotations is interceptedXY component AYThe porous covariance matrix C is constructed by forming two sets of X, Y component one-dimensional arrays by series superpositionXY。
Specifically, window W (t) is opened, and component A of ith perforation data X, Y is interceptedXi、AYiTwo groups of one-dimensional arrays are formed by porous series superposition
Construction of a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix CXY：
Wherein WN is the total number of sampling points in all perforation time windows,
is the average value of the X component in all perforation time windows,
the average value of the Y component in all perforation time windows is obtained.
In step 104, the azimuth angle α of the detectors, i.e. the radial angle between the X-component of all detectors and the reference perforation, can be determined by fitting a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix C according to the polarization principleXYPerforming singular value decomposition to calculate:
α＝arctan(v12/v11) (5)
wherein λ1、λ2Is a matrix CXYCharacteristic value, and1≥λ2，v1、v2is a corresponding feature vector, and v1＝{v11,v12}. All detector azimuths can be obtained for M detectors with the same operation:
α＝{α1,α2,...,αM} (6)
in step 105, performing detector orientation consistency correction on the fracture data by using the azimuth angle α may include: rotating the fracturing data at an azimuth angle alpha to obtain a new X component B of the fracturing dataX＝{BX1,BX2,...,BXMComponent B of YY＝{BY1,BY2,...,BYMIn which B isX1,BX2,...,BXMComponent of the M data in the X direction, B, of detector 1, 2, …Y1,BY2,...,BYMIs the component of the detector 1, 2, …, M in the Y direction.
Specifically, by rotating all fracture data X components into the reference radial direction through an angular rotation, new fracture data X, Y component B is obtainedXi、BYi：
BXi＝YLXi·cos(αi)-YLYi·sin(αi) (7)
BYi＝YLXi·sin(αi)+YLYi·cos(αi) (8)
Wherein alpha isiFor the ith detector azimuth, YLXi、YLYiIs the X component, Y component, B component of the fracture data before the azimuth rotation of the ith detectorXi、BYiX-component, Y-component of the fracture data prior to the i-th detector azimuth rotation.
In step 106, a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multi-stage detector is constructedXYThe method can comprise the following steps: when windowing, W (t), intercepting the X component B of the fracturing data after all the detectors rotate in azimuthXY component data BYAnd constructing a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multistage detector by forming two groups of X, Y component one-dimensional arrays through series superpositionXY。
Specifically, the time window W (t) is opened, and the component data B of all the detectors X, Y is interceptedXi、BYiTwo groups of one-dimensional X, Y components are formed by the cascade superposition of multiple stages of detectors
Construction of two-dimensional covariance matrix D of multi-stage detectorXY：
Wherein WM is the total number of sampling points in the time window of all detectors,
is the average of the X component data over all detector time windows,
the average of the Y component data over all detector time windows.
In step 107, the fracture event azimuth β, i.e. the angle between the detector X component and the fracture event radial direction, may be determined by two-dimensional covariance matrix D for the multi-stage detectors according to the polarization principleXYPerforming singular value decomposition to calculate:
β＝arctan(v* 12/v* 11) (11)
wherein λ is* 1、λ* 2Is a matrix DXYA characteristic value of (a), and* 1≥λ* 2，v* 1、v* 2is a corresponding feature vector, and v* 1＝{v* 11,v* 12}。
Example 2
According to another embodiment of the invention, an in-well microseismic orientation calculation apparatus is provided. The apparatus may include: and the perforation radial calculating unit is used for calculating all perforation radial directions based on the known perforation coordinates and the detector coordinates, and calculating included angles theta between all other perforation radial directions and one of the perforation radial directions as a reference radial direction1,θ2,...,θNWhere N is the number of perforations, θ1,θ2,...,θNIs the angle between the radial direction of the respective perforation 1, 2, …, N and the reference perforation; the perforation data orientation consistency correction unit is used for carrying out perforation data orientation consistency correction on the perforation data by utilizing the included angle so as to enable all perforation radial directions to be consistent with a reference radial direction; porous two-dimensional assistantA difference matrix constructing unit for serially overlapping the perforation data subjected to perforation data orientation consistency correction to construct a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix CXY(ii) a A detector azimuth calculation unit for calculating a multi-aperture two-dimensional covariance matrix C based on the multi-aperture two-dimensional covariance matrixXYCalculating the azimuth angle alpha of all detectors ═ { alpha ═ alpha1,α2,...,αMWhere M is the number of detectors, α1,α2,...,αMAzimuth angles of detectors 1, 2, …, M, respectively; the detector orientation consistency correction unit is used for performing detector orientation consistency correction on the fracturing data by using the orientation angle alpha so as to enable the X component of the disordered fracturing data to be consistent with the radial direction of the perforation; a two-dimensional covariance matrix construction unit of the multistage detector, which is used for stacking the multistage detectors which are subjected to the detector orientation consistency in series to construct a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multistage detectorXY(ii) a And a fracturing event azimuth calculation unit for calculating a two-dimensional covariance matrix D based on the multi-stage detectorXYA fracture event azimuth β is calculated.
In one possible embodiment, in the perforation data orientation consistency correction unit, performing perforation data orientation consistency correction on the perforation data by using the included angle may include: rotating all other perforation data by an included angle theta to obtain a new perforation data X component AX＝{AX1,AX2,...,AXNComponent A of YY＝{AY1,AY2,...,AYNIn which A isX1,AX2,...,AXNComponent of the N data in the X direction, A, for perforation 1, 2, …Y1,AY2,...,AYNThe component of N in the Y direction is the perforation 1, 2, ….
In one possible embodiment, in the porous two-dimensional covariance matrix construction unit, a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix C is constructedXYThe method can comprise the following steps: a time window W (t) is opened, and a component A of perforation data X after all the angle rotations is interceptedXY component AYThe porous covariance matrix C is constructed by forming two sets of X, Y component one-dimensional arrays by series superpositionXY。
In a possible wayIn an embodiment, in the detector azimuth angle calculation unit, the azimuth angle α of the detector can be calculated by fitting a multi-aperture two-dimensional covariance matrix CXYPerforming singular value decomposition to calculate:
α＝arctan(v12/v11)
wherein λ is1、λ2Is a matrix CXYA characteristic value of (a), and1≥λ2，v1、v2is a corresponding feature vector, and v1＝{v11,v12}。
In one possible embodiment, in the detector orientation consistency correction unit, the performing detector orientation consistency correction on the fracture data by using the orientation angle α may include: rotating the fracturing data at an azimuth angle alpha to obtain a new X component B of the fracturing dataX＝{BX1,BX2,...,BXMComponent B of YY＝{BY1,BY2,...,BYMIn which B isX1,BX2,...,BXMComponent of the M data in the X direction, B, of detector 1, 2, …Y1,BY2,...,BYMIs the component of the detector 1, 2, …, M in the Y direction.
In one possible implementation, in the two-dimensional covariance construction unit of the multistage detector, a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multistage detector is constructedXYThe method can comprise the following steps: when windowing, W (t), intercepting the X component B of the fracturing data after all the detectors rotate in azimuthXY component BYAnd constructing a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multistage detector by forming two groups of X, Y component one-dimensional arrays through series superpositionXY。
In one possible embodiment, in the fracture event azimuth calculation unit, the fracture event azimuth β may be calculated by two-dimensional covariance matrix D for the multi-stage geophoneXYPerforming singular value decomposition to calculate:
β＝arctan(v* 12/v* 11)
wherein λ is* 1、λ* 2Is a matrix DXYCharacteristic value of (A) and λ* 1≥λ* 2，v* 1、v* 2Is a corresponding feature vector, and v* 1＝{v* 11,v* 12}。
Application example
To facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The accuracy of the method of calculating the azimuth of a microseismic event in a well of the present invention can be verified by comparing the event azimuth of the method of the present invention as shown in figure 1 with theoretical values.
In the application example, a 14-stage downhole three-component geophone is included for monitoring microseismic signals, 3 known perforations, and one event signal. FIG. 2 illustrates the X, Y coordinate geometry of the example viewing device, where diamond-solid represents perforations, a-wave detector, ● represents events; 3A, 4A, 5A show the X component of the raw data for perforations 1, 2, 3, respectively, and 3B, 4B, 5B show the Y component of the raw data for perforations 1, 2, 3, respectively; FIG. 6 shows an X, Y coordinate table of perforations, receivers, and fracture events; FIGS. 7A and 8A show the X component of the data after geometric rotation of perforations 1 and 3, respectively, and FIGS. 7B and 8B show the Y component of the data after geometric rotation of perforations 1 and 3, respectively; FIG. 9 shows a table of 14 detector orientations; FIG. 10A shows the X-component of the raw data for a fracture event, and FIG. 10B shows the Y-component of the raw data for a fracture event; fig. 11A shows an X component of the detector orientation uniformity-corrected data, and fig. 11B shows a Y component of the detector orientation uniformity-corrected data; and figure 12 shows a hodogram corresponding to the X component, Y component in figure 11.
First, with the radial direction of the perforation 2 as a reference radial direction, all perforation radial directions are calculated to have an included angle θ { θ ═ from the reference radial direction based on the known perforation coordinates and the geophone coordinates as shown in fig. 61,0,θ3}. Using these angles, perforation data orientation consistency correction was performed on the raw data for perforation 1 and perforation 3 as shown in figures 3A, 3B and figures 5A, 5B, resulting in X, Y component data for new perforation 1 and perforation 2. Opening a time window, intercepting X, Y component data in all perforation signal ranges, and performing series superposition to form two groups of one-dimensional AX、AYArray, constructing porous two-dimensional covariance matrix CXY. Then, singular value decomposition is carried out on the porous two-dimensional covariance matrix to obtain the maximum eigenvalue lambda1Corresponding feature vector v1＝{v11,v12}. According to the polarization principle, all detector azimuth angles alpha are calculated by equations (3) to (5) to obtain { alpha ═ alpha1,α2,...,α14Results are in the table shown in fig. 9.
Next, using the geophone azimuth α, geophone azimuth consistency correction is performed on the fracture event raw data as shown in fig. 10A and 10B, obtaining new event X, Y component data as shown in fig. 11A and 11B.
Finally, opening a time window, and intercepting X, Y component data in the effective range of all detector events to form two groups of one-dimensional arrays BX、BY. And then according to the formulas (9) to (11), constructing a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multistage detectorXYDecomposing the covariance matrix of the two-dimensional detector by using singular value to obtain maximum eigenvalue lambda* 1Corresponding feature vector v* 1＝{v* 11,v* 12And thus an angle β of 8.777 degrees radially from the reference perforation, i.e., an event azimuth β of 8.777 degrees.
By correlation with the event theory orientation beta0The comparison is carried out at 8.789 degrees, which shows that the accuracy of the calculated event azimuth angle is relatively high. At the same time, to the series stackAdded multilevel detector X, Y component array BX、BYAs shown in fig. 12, it can be seen that the particle motion trajectory has a better long axis linearization trend, and the effect of the invention on more stable and accurate calculation of the azimuth angle is also verified.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
The present invention may be an apparatus, method and/or computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions embodied therewith for causing a processor to implement various aspects of the present invention.
The computer readable storage medium may be a tangible device that can hold and store the instructions for use by the instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic memory device, a magnetic memory device, an optical memory device, an electromagnetic memory device, a semiconductor memory device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical coding device, such as punch cards or in-groove projection structures having instructions stored thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer-readable storage media as used herein is not to be construed as transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission medium (e.g., optical pulses through a fiber optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through electrical wires.
The computer-readable program instructions described herein may be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to a respective computing/processing device, or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, such as the internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and/or a wireless network. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. The network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer-readable program instructions for storage in a computer-readable storage medium in the respective computing/processing device.
The computer program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or source or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, aspects of the present invention are implemented by personalizing an electronic circuit, such as a programmable logic circuit, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), with state information of computer-readable program instructions, which can execute the computer-readable program instructions.
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.
These computer-readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer-readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer-readable medium storing the instructions comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calculating the micro-seismic azimuth in a well based on multiple porous stages comprises the following steps:
calculating all perforation radial directions based on known perforation coordinates and detector coordinates, and calculating included angles theta between all other perforation radial directions and a reference radial direction by taking one perforation radial direction as the reference radial direction1,θ2,...,θNWhere N is the number of perforations, θ1,θ2,...,θNIs the angle between the radial direction of the respective perforation 1, 2, …, N and the reference perforation;
performing perforation data orientation consistency correction on the perforation data by using the included angle to ensure that all perforation radial directions are consistent with a reference radial direction;
a plurality of perforation data subjected to perforation data orientation consistency correction are overlapped in series to construct a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix CXY；
Based on the porous two-dimensional covariance matrix CXYCalculating the azimuth angle alpha of all detectors ═ { alpha ═ alpha1,α2,...,αMWhere M is the number of detectors, α1,α2,...,αMAzimuth angles of detectors 1, 2, …, M, respectively;
performing detector orientation consistency correction on the fracturing data by using the azimuth angle alpha to ensure that the X component of the disordered fracturing data is consistent with the radial direction of the perforation;
the multi-stage detectors corrected by the detector orientation consistency are serially overlapped to construct a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multi-stage detectorsXY(ii) a And
based on the two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multistage detectorXYA fracture event azimuth β is calculated.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing perforation data orientation consistency correction on the perforation data using the included angles comprises:
rotating all other perforation data by an included angle theta to obtain a new perforation data X component AX＝{AX1,AX2,...,AXNComponent A of YY＝{AY1,AY2,...,AYNIn which A isX1,AX2,...,AXNComponent of the N data in the X direction, A, for perforation 1, 2, …Y1,AY2,...,AYNThe component of N in the Y direction is the perforation 1, 2, ….
3. The method of multi-hole multi-stage based borehole microseismic orientation calculation of claim 2 wherein a multi-hole two-dimensional covariance matrix C is constructedXYThe method comprises the following steps:
a time window W (t) is opened, and a component A of perforation data X after all the angle rotations is interceptedXY component AYThe porous covariance matrix C is constructed by forming two sets of X, Y component one-dimensional arrays by series superpositionXY。
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the azimuth α of the geophone is determined by fitting a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix CXYPerforming singular value decomposition to calculate:
α＝arc tan(v12/v11)
wherein λ is1、λ2Is a matrix CXYA characteristic value of (a), and1≥λ2，v1、v2is a corresponding feature vector, and v1＝{v11,v12}。
5. The method of multi-hole multi-stage borehole microseismic orientation calculation as defined in claim 1 wherein the geophone orientation consistency correction of fracture data using the azimuth α comprises:
rotating the fracturing data at an azimuth angle alpha to obtain a new X component B of the fracturing dataX＝{BX1,BX2,...,BXMComponent B of YY＝{BY1,BY2,...,BYMIn which B isX1,BX2,...,BXMComponent of the M data in the X direction, B, of detector 1, 2, …Y1,BY2,...,BYMIs the component of the detector 1, 2, …, M in the Y direction.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein a multi-geophone two-dimensional covariance matrix D is constructedXYThe method comprises the following steps:
when windowing, W (t), intercepting the X component B of the fracturing data after all the detectors rotate in azimuthXY component BYAnd constructing a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multistage detector by forming two groups of X, Y component one-dimensional arrays through series superpositionXY。
7. The method of multi-hole multi-stage borehole microseismic orientation calculation of claim 1 wherein fracture event azimuth β is determined by two-dimensional covariance matrix D for multi-stage geophonesXYPerforming singular value decomposition to calculate:
β＝arc tan(v* 12/v* 11)
wherein λ is* 1、λ* 2Is a matrix DXYCharacteristic value of (A) and λ* 1≥λ* 2，v* 1、v* 2Is a corresponding feature vector, and v* 1＝{v* 11,v* 12}。
8. A multi-hole multi-stage based borehole microseismic azimuth calculation device comprising:
and the perforation radial calculating unit is used for calculating all perforation radial directions based on the known perforation coordinates and the detector coordinates, and calculating included angles theta between all other perforation radial directions and one of the perforation radial directions as a reference radial direction1,θ2,...,θNWhere N is the number of perforations, θ1,θ2,...,θNIs the angle between the radial direction of the respective perforation 1, 2, …, N and the reference perforation;
the perforation data orientation consistency correction unit is used for carrying out perforation data orientation consistency correction on the perforation data by utilizing the included angle so as to enable all perforation radial directions to be consistent with a reference radial direction;
a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix construction unit for serially overlapping the perforation data subjected to perforation data orientation consistency correction to construct a porous two-dimensional covariance matrix CXY；
A detector azimuth calculation unit for calculating a multi-aperture two-dimensional covariance matrix C based on the multi-aperture two-dimensional covariance matrixXYCalculating the azimuth angle alpha of all detectors ═ { alpha ═ alpha1,α2,...,αMWhere M is the number of detectors, α1,α2,...,αMAzimuth angles of detectors 1, 2, …, M, respectively;
the detector orientation consistency correction unit is used for performing detector orientation consistency correction on the fracturing data by using the orientation angle alpha so as to enable the X component of the disordered fracturing data to be consistent with the radial direction of the perforation;
a two-dimensional covariance matrix construction unit of the multi-stage detector, which is used for stacking the multi-stage detectors which are subjected to the orientation consistency correction in series to construct a two-dimensional covariance matrix D of the multi-stage detectorXY(ii) a And
a fracturing event azimuth calculation unit for calculating a two-dimensional covariance matrix D based on the multi-stage detectorXYA fracture event azimuth β is calculated.
9. The multi-hole multi-stage based borehole microseismic azimuth calculation device of claim 8 wherein the azimuth α of the geophone is determined by fitting a multi-hole two-dimensional covariance matrix CXYPerforming singular value decomposition to calculate:
α＝arc tan(v12/v11)
wherein λ is1、λ2Is a matrix CXYA characteristic value of (a), and1≥λ2，v1、v2is a corresponding feature vector, and v1＝{v11,v12}。
10. The multi-hole multi-stage based borehole microseismic azimuth calculation device of claim 8 wherein fracture event azimuth β is calculated by two-dimensional covariance matrix D for multi-stage geophonesXYPerforming singular value decomposition to calculate:
β＝arc tan(v* 12/v* 11)
wherein λ is* 1、λ* 2Is a matrix DXYCharacteristic value of (A) and λ* 1≥λ* 2，v* 1、v* 2Is a corresponding feature vector, and v* 1＝{v* 11,v* 12}。
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