CN102840139A - 蒸汽驱动式压缩装置 - Google Patents

蒸汽驱动式压缩装置 Download PDF

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CN102840139A
CN102840139A CN2012102069731A CN201210206973A CN102840139A CN 102840139 A CN102840139 A CN 102840139A CN 2012102069731 A CN2012102069731 A CN 2012102069731A CN 201210206973 A CN201210206973 A CN 201210206973A CN 102840139 A CN102840139 A CN 102840139A
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steam
stream
expansion machine
compressor
ventilation
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CN102840139B (zh
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山本祐介
中西海
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Shengang Compressor Co ltd
Three Pu Industrial Corp
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Miura Co Ltd
Kobe Steel Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/02Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/08Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F01C1/12Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F01C1/14Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F01C1/16Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01C13/04Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby for driving pumps or compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/24Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/12Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
    • F04C29/124Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet with inlet and outlet valves specially adapted for rotary or oscillating piston pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00Fluid
    • F04C2210/22Fluid gaseous, i.e. compressible
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00Components
    • F04C2240/30Casings or housings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00Pumps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种能够稳定起动的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置(1),其具有:将蒸汽的膨胀力变换为旋转力的蒸汽膨胀机(2);由蒸汽膨胀机(2)驱动来压缩对象气体的压缩机(4,5);将蒸汽供给至蒸汽膨胀机(2)的供给流路(6);将蒸汽从蒸汽膨胀机(2)排出的排出流路(7);设置在供给流路(6)或排出流路(7)中的蒸汽控制阀(8);从压缩机(4,5)输出被压缩的对象气体的输出流路(12),输出流路(12)具备止回阀(14);在止回阀(14)的上游侧从输出流路(12)分支的通风流路(16),通风流路(16)通过通风阀(17)向外部开放;在起动压缩机(4,5)时开放通风阀(17)的起动控制装置(20)。

Description

蒸汽驱动式压缩装置
技术领域
本发明涉及蒸汽驱动式压缩装置。
背景技术
在专利文献1中记载了一种蒸汽驱动式压缩装置,其通过利用蒸汽驱动螺杆蒸汽膨胀机(蒸汽马达或蒸汽终端),使蒸汽的压力能量变换为旋转力,并且利用该蒸汽膨胀机的旋转力来驱动螺杆压缩机(机头,air end),从而压缩空气。专利文献1的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置在向蒸汽膨胀机供给蒸汽的流路中设置蒸汽控制阀,通过将该控制阀进行PID控制使螺杆压缩机的输出流路的压力保持为一定,从而控制蒸汽膨胀机的转速。
在这样的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置中,通过在停止状态开放全闭的蒸汽控制阀,使蒸汽膨胀机产生驱动转矩,使螺杆压缩机起动。一般来说,在传统的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置中,在运转开始之际,将蒸汽控制阀设定为给定的初期开度(例如20%),之后交给PID控制,逐渐地使蒸汽控制阀的开度变大,使蒸汽膨胀机和压缩机加速。
但是,蒸汽膨胀机和压缩机的转速的上升率(加速度)因蒸汽的供给压力和排出压力以及压缩机的输出流路的压力等条件而不同。例如,在向蒸汽膨胀机的蒸汽供给压力和排出压力之差较小的情况下,蒸汽膨胀机能够产生的驱动转矩较小,因此,蒸汽膨胀机和压缩机的转速不怎么上升,产生起动滞涩。另外,在压缩机的输出流路的压力高的情况下,用于驱动压缩机的必要的转矩变大,因此,蒸汽膨胀机和螺杆压缩机的转速不怎么上升。相反地,在蒸汽的供给压力和排出压力之差过大、或者输出流路的压力过低的情况下,将蒸汽控制阀打开到初期开度的瞬间,蒸汽膨胀机和螺杆压缩机会急剧加速。
专利文献1 日本特开2009-250196号公报。
发明内容
鉴于前述问题,本发明的课题在于提供一种能够稳定起动的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置。
为了解决所述课题,本发明的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置具有:将蒸汽的膨胀力变换为旋转力的蒸汽膨胀机;由所述蒸汽膨胀机驱动来压缩对象气体的压缩机;将蒸汽供给至所述蒸汽膨胀机的供给流路;将蒸汽从所述蒸汽膨胀机排出的排出流路;设置在所述供给流路或所述排出流路中的蒸汽控制阀;从所述压缩机输出被压缩的所述对象气体的输出流路,所述输出流路具备止回阀;在所述止回阀的上游侧从所述输出流路分支的通风流路,所述通风流路通过通风阀向外部开放;在起动所述压缩机时开放所述通风阀的起动控制装置。
根据该构成,在起动时,开放通风阀,使输出流路必然成为比通常运转时低的压力,从而使压缩机造成的负荷转矩变小,能够顺畅地使转速上升。
另外,在本发明的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置中,所述起动控制装置在起动所述压缩机时,也可以使所述蒸汽控制阀的开度渐增至给定的设定开度。
根据该构成,在起动时,使蒸汽膨胀机产生的驱动转矩成为适当的大小,能够实现没有急加速或起动滞涩的顺畅起动。
另外,在本发明的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置中,所述起动控制装置在起动所述压缩机时,也可以将所述蒸汽控制阀设定为根据所述供给流路的压力和所述排出流路的压力之差的开度。
根据该构成,由于根据蒸汽膨胀机能够产生的驱动转矩来控制通风量,能够不拘泥于蒸汽压力而使蒸汽膨胀机和压缩机的转速的加速度在一定的范围内。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施方式的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置的概略构成图。
标号说明
1 蒸汽驱动式压缩装置
2 蒸汽膨胀机
4 第一段压缩机
5 第二段压缩机
6 供给流路
7 排出流路
8 蒸汽控制阀
9 供给压力检测器
10 排出压力检测器
12 输出流路
14 止回阀
15 控制压力检测器
16 通风流路
17 通风阀
19 PID控制器
20 起动控制装置。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图来说明本发明的实施方式。图1中显示了本发明的第一实施方式的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1。蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1是将空气作为要压缩的对象气体的压缩空气制造装置。
蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1具有蒸汽膨胀机2和第一段压缩机4及第二段压缩机5,蒸汽膨胀机2将蒸汽的膨胀力变换为旋转力,第一段压缩机4及第二段压缩机5通过齿轮3由蒸汽膨胀机2驱动,对空气进行压缩。蒸汽膨胀机2是在壳体内容纳公母一对的螺杆转子,通过在螺杆转子的齿槽内的密闭空间中使蒸汽膨胀而使螺杆转子旋转的螺杆膨胀机。第一段压缩机4和第二段压缩机5是在壳体内容纳公母一对的螺杆转子,通过旋转驱动螺杆转子,在螺杆转子的齿槽内的密闭空间中压缩空气的螺杆压缩机。
在蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1中,通过供给流路6将蒸汽供给至蒸汽膨胀机2,在蒸汽膨胀机2中膨胀的蒸汽被排出流路7排出。在供给流路6中设置有蒸汽控制阀8和供给压力检测器9,蒸汽控制阀8用于调节蒸汽的流量,供给压力检测器9检测被供给到供给流路6中的蒸汽的供给压力。在排出流路7中设置有检测从蒸汽膨胀机2排出的蒸汽的压力的排出压力检测器10。
另外,在蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1中,第一段压缩机4和第二段压缩机5通过中冷器11串联地连接。也就是说,第一段压缩机4压缩输出的空气在由中冷器11冷却之后,利用第二段压缩机5进一步压缩。第二段压缩机5输出的压缩空气被输出流路12排出,该输出流路12通向未图示的储存器。在输出流路12中,从上游侧开始按照顺序地设置有后冷却器13、止回阀14、控制压力检测器15。
另外,蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1在后冷却器13和止回阀14之间具有从输出流路12分支的通风流路16。通风流路16具有通风阀17,在大气开放的末端设置有消声器18。
进一步地,蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1具有PID控制器19和起动控制装置20,PID控制器19被输入控制压力检测器15的检测值,利用公知的PID控制调节蒸汽控制阀8的开度,使控制压力检测器15的检测值、即供给至储存器的压缩空气的压力维持在设定值,起动控制装置20被输入供给压力检测器9的检测值和排出压力检测器10的检测值,能够开闭通风阀16,并且能够变更PID控制器19的输出值。
另外,为了起动蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1,即为了起动蒸汽膨胀机2、第一段压缩机4和第二段压缩机5,操作员操作未图示的开关而输出的、或者未图示的外部控制装置输出的起动信号被输入起动控制装置20。
如果起动控制装置20被输入起动信号,则该起动控制装置20使通风阀17开放的同时,将PID控制器19的该瞬间的输出值(初期值)设定为根据供给压力检测器9的检测值与排出压力检测器10的检测值之差的值。详细而言,蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1的起动时的蒸汽控制阀8的开度被设定为供给流路6和排出流路7的压力差越大则其越小,供给流路6和排出流路7的压力差越小则其越大,使蒸汽膨胀机2的驱动转矩是一定的大小。
之后,PID控制器19根据控制压力检测器15的检测值和给定的目标值之差来增减PID控制的输出值(蒸汽控制阀8的开度)。起动控制装置20在经过给定时间后闭锁通风阀17,该给定时间是预想蒸汽膨胀机2、第一段压缩机4和第二段压缩机5的转速有某种程度的上升的时间。
这样,在蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1中,通过在起动时开放通风阀17,将输出流路12的止回阀14上游侧的压力设定为近似大气压,设定蒸汽控制阀8的开度的初期值,使得蒸汽膨胀机2的驱动转矩为一定。由此,蒸汽膨胀机2、第一段压缩机4和第二段压缩机5的转速每次以一定的较优的加速度上升。
在蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1中,在供给流路6和排出流路7的压力不会大幅变动的情况下,不考虑供给流路6和排出流路7的压力差,将蒸汽控制阀8的开度的初期值设定为一定的值,或者使其开度逐渐地增加(渐增)到给定的设定开度都可以。
另外,在蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1起动后,只要逐渐地闭锁通风阀17,则不会产生因通风阀17的闭锁造成的负荷急剧上升而使运转状态不稳定。
另外,根据第一段压缩机4和第二段压缩机5的负荷特性和PID控制器19的设定等条件,即使不变更利用起动控制装置20使蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1起动时的蒸汽控制阀8的开度,也能够通过利用PID控制使蒸汽控制阀8开放,不引起起动滞涩地进行顺畅起动。
并且,在蒸汽驱动式压缩装置1中,PID控制器19和起动控制装置20可以利用一台计算机等的同一个控制装置来实现。
另外,在上述实施方式中,蒸汽控制阀8设置在供给流路6中,但由于能够调整驱动蒸汽膨胀机2的蒸汽的流量即可,因此也可以设置在排出流路7中。

Claims (3)

1.一种蒸汽驱动式压缩装置,其特征在于,具有:
将蒸汽的膨胀力变换为旋转力的蒸汽膨胀机;
由所述蒸汽膨胀机驱动来压缩对象气体的压缩机;
将蒸汽供给至所述蒸汽膨胀机的供给流路;
将蒸汽从所述蒸汽膨胀机排出的排出流路;
设置在所述供给流路或所述排出流路中的蒸汽控制阀;
从所述压缩机输出被压缩的所述对象气体的输出流路,所述输出流路具备止回阀;
在所述止回阀的上游侧从所述输出流路分支的通风流路,所述通风流路通过通风阀向外部开放;
在起动所述压缩机时开放所述通风阀的起动控制装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置,其特征在于,所述起动控制装置在起动所述压缩机时,使所述蒸汽控制阀的开度渐增至给定的设定开度。
3.如权利要求1所述的蒸汽驱动式压缩装置,其特征在于,所述起动控制装置在起动所述压缩机时,将所述蒸汽控制阀设定为根据所述供给流路的压力和所述排出流路的压力之差的开度。
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