CN102816104B - 一种3-氰基吲哚类化合物的合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种3-氰基吲哚类化合物的合成方法,首先按照1:1-2:1-2的摩尔比取吲哚类化合物、苯乙腈和CuI,将它们置于反应容器中,再在反应容器中加入溶剂至吲哚类化合物和苯乙腈完全溶解;将反应容器置于100-130oC油浴下搅拌反应30-34h,冷却至室温后,加入与溶剂等体积的水后,再用二氯甲烷萃取2-4次;经硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,即得产物3-氰基吲哚类化合物。本发明采用“一锅法”合成3-氰基吲哚类化合物,减少了中间体分离纯化的工艺,操作方法简单,而且反应条件温和,反应原料易得,生产成本低廉,不仅适用于实验室小规模制备,还适用于工业化大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机化合物氰基化合成方法,尤其涉及一种3-氰基吲哚类化合物的合成方法。
背景技术
3-氰基吲哚类化合物作为重要的化工中间体,在医药,农药等行业得到十分广泛的应用。目前,已经公布了多种合成3-氰基吲哚类化合物的方法。S. L. Buchwald (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003,vol 125,p2890-2891) 等人报道了由3-溴代吲哚出发,使用CuI和KI,以NaCN为氰源生成3-氰基吲哚的方法。该方法中NaCN为剧毒的盐,危险性大,所使用的底物为3-溴代吲哚。Y. Kita(J. Org. Chem. 2007,vol 72,p109-116)等人报道了由N-对甲苯磺酸基吲哚出发,使用PIFA和BF3·Et2O,以TMSCN为氰源生成3-氰基吲哚的方法。该方法中TMSCN挥发性强,毒性大,价格昂贵,底物为N-对甲苯磺酸基吲哚。N. Jiao(J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011,vol 133,p12374–12377)等人报道了由N-甲基吲哚出发,使用Pd(OAc)2,CuBr2,FeCl2为催化剂,以DMF为氰源生成3-氰基吲哚的方法。该方法中使用多种金属催化剂,其中Pd催化剂容易中毒,价格昂贵,底物为N-甲基吲哚。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种3-氰基吲哚类化合物的合成方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:一种3-氰基吲哚类化合物的合成方法,该方法具体为:按照1:1-2:1-2的摩尔比取吲哚类化合物、苯乙腈和CuI,将它们置于反应容器中,再在反应容器中加入溶剂至吲哚类化合物和苯乙腈完全溶解;将反应容器置于100-130oC油浴下搅拌反应30-34h,冷却至室温后,加入与溶剂等体积的水后,再用二氯甲烷萃取2-4次;经硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,即得产物3-氰基吲哚类化合物。
进一步地,所述吲哚类化合物为吲哚或1-甲基吲哚;溶剂采用非质子性极性溶剂。
进一步地,所述非质子性极性溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)或二甲亚砜(DMSO)。
进一步地,所述非质子性极性溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。
进一步地,所述吲哚类化合物、苯乙腈和CuI的摩尔比为1:1.2:1.2。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明采用 “一锅法”合成3-氰基吲哚类化合物,减少了中间体分离纯化的工艺,操作方法简单,而且反应条件温和,反应原料易得,生产成本低廉,不仅适用于实验室小规模制备,还适用于工业化大规模生产。本发明以苯乙氰为氰基化试剂,以CuI为催化剂;反应原料便宜易得,方便于3-氰基吲哚类化合物库的建立,为3-氰基吲哚类药物的活性筛选提供了很好的方法。
具体实施方式
3-氰基吲哚类化合物结构如下所示:
其中:R1=H,R2=H,R3=H;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-CH3;R1=H,R2=CH3,R3=H;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-OCH3;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-CN;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-NO2;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-F;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-Cl;R1=H,R2=H,R3=4-Cl;R1=H,R2=Ph,R3=H;R1=H,R2=(4-F)-Ph,R3=H;R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=H;R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=5-CH3;R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=5-OCH3;R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=5-CN;R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=5-NO2;R1=CH2CH3,R2=CH3,R3=H;R1=H,R2=H,R3=6-COOCH3;R1=CH2CH3,R2=Ph,R3=H;或者R1=CH3,R2=Ph,R3=5-OCH3;
本发明的合成方法是采用“一锅法”的合成方式,具体为:按照1:1-2:1-2的摩尔比取吲哚类化合物、苯乙腈和CuI,将它们置于反应容器中,再在反应容器中加入溶剂至吲哚类化合物和苯乙腈完全溶解。将反应容器置于100-130oC油浴下搅拌反应30-34h,冷却至室温后(20-35oC),加入与溶剂等体积的水后,再用二氯甲烷萃取2-4次;经硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,即得产物3-氰基吲哚类化合物。
本合成方法中,吲哚类化合物为吲哚或1-甲基吲哚。溶剂可以采用非质子性极性溶剂,如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)或者二甲亚砜(DMSO)中的一种或多种。其中最好的为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。吲哚类化合物、苯乙腈和CuI的摩尔比优选为1:1.2:1.2。
下面通过具体的实施例子进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施范例之中。
表一给出了实施例1-20中3-氰基吲哚类化合物的结构。
表1 3-氰基吲哚类化合物实施例1-20
实施例 | R1 | R2 | R3 |
1 | H | H | H |
2 | H | CH3 | H |
3 | H | Ph | H |
4 | H | H | 5-OCH3 |
5 | H | H | 5-Cl |
6 | H | H | 4-Cl |
7 | H | H | 5-F |
8 | H | H | 6-COOCH3 |
9 | H | H | 5-NO2 |
10 | H | (4-F)-Ph | H |
11 | H | H | 5-CN |
12 | H | H | 5-CH3 |
13 | CH3 | H | H |
14 | CH3 | H | 5-NO2 |
15 | CH3 | H | 5-CN |
16 | CH3 | H | 5-OCH3 |
17 | CH3 | H | 5-CH3 |
18 | CH3 | Ph | 5-OCH3 |
19 | CH2CH3 | CH3 | H |
20 | CH2CH3 | Ph | H |
实施例1
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为80%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 8.80 (s,1H),7.78 (dd,J = 8.2,7.2 Hz,1H),7.76 (s,1H),7.48 (dd,J = 8.3,6.8 Hz,1H),7.39 – 7.28 (m, 2H).13C NMR (126 MHz,CDCl3) δ 135.00,132.05,127.09,124.45,122.52, 119.80,116.05,112.23,87.53。
实施例2
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入2-甲基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪2-甲基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为37%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.12 (s,1H),7.55 (d,J = 7.5 Hz,1H),7.47 (d,J = 7.8 Hz,1H),7.27 – 7.17 (m,2H),2.58 (s,3H).13C NMR (101 MHz,DMSO) δ 146.90,135.75,128.13,123.59,122.31,118.64, 117.42,112.96,83.75,13.47。
实施例3
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入2-苯基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到110oC反应直至PLC跟踪2-苯基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为48%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.65 (s,1H),8.03 (d,J = 7.6 Hz,2H),7.68 (dd,J = 14.3,7.5 Hz,3H),7.59 (dd,J = 14.6,7.5 Hz, 2H),7.41 – 7.26 (m,2H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 145.73,136.53,130.93, 130.35,130.29,129.29,127.97,124.90,123.02,119.36,118.01,113.65,82.39。
实施例4
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入5-甲氧基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到120oC反应直至PLC跟踪5-甲氧基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为43%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.10 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s,1H),7.48 (d,J = 8.9 Hz,1H),7.12 (d,J = 2.3 Hz,1H),6.94 (dd,J = 8.9,2.4 Hz,1H), 3.85 (s,3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 156.23,135.32, 130.99,128.51,117.59,114.77,100.67,84.92,56.35。
实施例5
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入5-氯吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪5-氯吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为82%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.42 (s,1H), 8.36 (s, 1H),7.70 (s,1H),7.61 (d,J = 8.7 Hz,1H),7.33 (d,J = 8.7 Hz,1H).13C NMR (101 MHz,DMSO) δ 137.05,134.73,128.76,127.46,124.55,118.66,116.66, 115.58,85.09。
实施例6
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入4-氯吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪4-氯吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为88%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.55 (s,1H),8.41 (s, 1H),7.65 – 7.40 (m,1H),7.30 (dd,J = 7.6,5.7 Hz,2H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 137.65,137.43,125.28,125.20,124.48,122.82,117.22,113.17,84.64。
实施例7
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入5-氟吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪5-氟吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为88%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.34 (s,1H),8.34 (s, 1H),7.60 (dd,J = 8.9,4.4 Hz, 1H),7.44 (dd,J = 9.2,1.9 Hz,1H),7.17 (td,J = 9.3,2.1 Hz,1H).13C NMR (101 MHz,DMSO) δ 158.68,136.51,132.24, 127.65,116.30,114.76,112.35,104.07,84.88。
实施例8
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入6-甲酸甲酯基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪6-甲酸甲酯基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为82%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.60 (s,1H),8.51 (s,1H),8.20 (s,1H),7.85 (d,J = 8.4 Hz,1H),7.77 (d,J = 8.4 Hz,1H),3.91 (s,3H).13C NMR (101 MHz,DMSO) δ 167.49,138.65,135.60, 131.29,125.55,123.13,119.52,116.72,115.68,85.79,53.12。
实施例9
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入5-硝基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪5-硝基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为93%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.86 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s,1H),8.49 (d,J = 14.8 Hz,1H), 8.17 (d,J = 9.0 Hz,1H),7.77 (d,J = 9.0 Hz,1H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 143.51,139.43,139.30,126.98, 119.58,116.03,115.91,114.77,87.81。
实施例10
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入2-对氟苯基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到110oC反应直至PLC跟踪2-对氟苯基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为55%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.64 (s,1H),8.06 (dd,J = 8.4,5.5 Hz,2H),7.68 (d,J = 7.8 Hz,1H),7.60 (d,J = 8.0 Hz, 1H),7.52 (t,J = 8.8 Hz, 2H),7.39 – 7.32 (m,1H),7.32 (s,1H).13C NMR (101 MHz,DMSO) δ 164.45,161.98,144.17,135.85,129.77,128.57, 126.33,124.30,122.43,118.73,117.27,116.90,116.68,113.00,81.78。
实施例11
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入5-氰基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪5-氰基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为91%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.73 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s,1H),8.24 (s,1H),7.76 (d,J = 8.3 Hz,1H),7.69 (d,J = 7.6 Hz,1H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 138.29,137.98,127.31,127.18,125.02,120.56, 116.12,115.27,105.09,86.41。
实施例12
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入5-甲基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到110oC反应直至PLC跟踪5-甲基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为53%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 12.12 (s, 1H), 8.21 (d,J = 2.1 Hz,1H),7.47 (d,J = 9.2 Hz,2H),7.13 (d,J = 8.3 Hz,1H), 2.45 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 135.20, 134.49, 131.72, 128.04, 125.93,118.92,117.54,113.57,84.61,21.99。
实施例13
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入1-甲基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪1-甲基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为86%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 7.70 (d,J = 7.8 Hz,1H), 7.48 (s,1H),7.38 – 7.30 (m,2H),7.27 (dd,J = 11.2,4.9 Hz,1H),3.78 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 135.87,135.60,127.60,123.72,121.99,119.49, 115.99,110.38,84.99,33.50。
实施例14
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入1-甲基-5-硝基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪1-甲基-5-硝基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为96%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.62 (s,1H),7.51 (d,J = 2.1 Hz,1H),7.27 (dd,J = 9.1,2.2 Hz,1H),6.95 (dd,J = 7.9,4.9 Hz,1H),3.07 (s,3H).13C NMR (101 MHz,DMSO) δ 143.63,142.52, 139.67,127.14,119.44,116.14,115.55,113.49,86.74,34.93。
实施例15
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入1-甲基-5-氰基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪1-甲基-5-氰基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为93%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.57 (s,1H),7.28 (s,1H),6.95 (d,J = 8.6 Hz,1H),6.83 (dd,J = 8.6,1.4 Hz, 1H),3.05 (s,3H).13C NMR (101 MHz,DMSO) δ 141.37,138.42, 127.52, 127.14, 125.10,120.47,115.79,113.88,105.31,85.37,34.66。
实施例16
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入1-甲基-5-甲氧基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到120oC反应直至PLC跟踪1-甲基-5-甲氧基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为55%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.29 (s,1H),6.67 (d,J = 8.9 Hz,1H),6.24 (s,1H),6.11 (d,J = 8.9 Hz,1H),2.98 (s,3H),2.98 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz,DMSO) δ 156.50, 138.35,131.79,128.87,117.25,114.63,113.35,100.92,83.61,56.39,34.41。
实施例17
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入1-甲基-5-甲基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪1-甲基-5-甲基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为86%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.27 (s,1H),7.61 (d,J = 8.4 Hz,1H),7.53 (s,1H),7.28 (d,J = 8.4 Hz,1H), 3.95 (s,3H),3.49 (s,3H).13C NMR (101 MHz,DMSO) δ 138.30,135.22,132.07, 128.33,125.90,119.11,117.14,112.07,83.40,34.26,21.89。
实施例18
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入1-甲基-2-苯基5-甲氧基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到130oC反应直至PLC跟踪1-甲基-2-苯基5-甲氧基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为41%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 7.71 (d,J = 7.4 Hz,2H),7.68 – 7.60 (m,4H),7.15 (s, 1H), 7.04 (dd,J = 8.9,2.0 Hz,1H),3.88 (s,3H),3.77 (s,3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 156.72,148.50,132.51,130.83,130.69,129.92,129.44,128.48,117.54,114.87,113.69,100.73,84.37,56.45,32.77。
实施例19
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入1-乙基-2-甲基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至PLC跟踪1-乙基-2-甲基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为65%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.68 – 7.63 (d,1H),7.33 (d,J = 7.6 Hz,1H),7.30 – 7.24 (m,2H),4.16 (q,J = 7.3 Hz, 2H),2.58 (s,3H),1.38 (t,J = 7.3 Hz,3H).13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3)δ 145.02,135.30,127.34,123.04,121.92,119.17,116.77,109.93,85.02,38.81, 14.98,11.85。
实施例20
室温(20-35oC)下在反应瓶中依次加入1-乙基-2-苯基吲哚(1.0mmol),CuI(1.2mmol),苯乙腈(1.2mmol)和DMF(5ml),之后搅拌加热到100oC反应直至HPLC跟踪1-乙基-2-苯基吲哚反应完全。反应结束后,反应液冷却至室温,再加入20ml水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,每次使用二氯甲烷10ml,经过硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,收率为89%,鉴定结果为:1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ 7.77 (d,J = 8.2 Hz,1H),7.72 (d,J = 7.8 Hz,1H),7.65 (d,J = 6.6 Hz,5H), 7.42 (t,J = 7.6 Hz,1H), 7.35 (t,J = 7.4 Hz,1H),4.25 (q,J = 7.1 Hz,2H), 1.24 (t,J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 166.93, 142.90, 141.77, 138.95, 134.81, 131.31, 128.57, 127.34, 126.44, 118.72, 115.38, 114.85, 112.71, 86.12, 34.25, 26.57。
上述实施例用来解释说明本发明,而不是对本发明进行限制,在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内,对本发明作出的任何修改和改变,都落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种3-氰基吲哚类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,该方法具体为:按照1:1-2:1-2的摩尔比取吲哚类化合物、苯乙腈和CuI,将它们置于反应容器中,再在反应容器中加入溶剂至吲哚类化合物和苯乙腈完全溶解;将反应容器置于100-130℃油浴下搅拌反应30-34h,冷却至室温后,加入与溶剂等体积的水后,再用二氯甲烷萃取2-4次;经硅胶色谱柱分离,减压蒸馏,即得产物3-氰基吲哚类化合物;其中,所述3-氰基吲哚类化合物结构如下所示:
其中:R1=H,R2=H,R3=H;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-CH3;R1=H,R2=CH3,R3=H;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-OCH3;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-CN;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-NO2;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-F;R1=H,R2=H,R3=5-Cl;R1=H,R2=H,R3=4-Cl;R1=H,R2=Ph,R3=H;R1=H,R2=(4-F)-Ph,R3=H;R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=H;R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=5-CH3;R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=5-OCH3;R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=5-CN;R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=5-NO2;R1=CH2CH3,R2=CH3,R3=H;R1=H,R2=H,R3=6-COOCH3;R1=CH2CH3,R2=Ph,R3=H;或者R1=CH3,R2=Ph,R3=5-OCH3。
2.根据权利要求1所述3-氰基吲哚类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述吲哚类化合物为吲哚或1-甲基吲哚;溶剂采用非质子性极性溶剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述3-氰基吲哚类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述非质子性极性溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、六甲基磷酰胺或二甲亚砜。
4.根据权利要求3所述3-氰基吲哚类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述非质子性极性溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。
5.根据权利要求1所述3-氰基吲哚类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述吲哚类化合物、苯乙腈和CuI的摩尔比为1:1.2:1.2。
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"A Convenient Synthesis of 3-Acylindoles via Friedel-Crafts Acylation of 1-(Pheny1sulfonyl)indole. A New Route to Pyridocarbazole-5,1l-quinons and Ellipticine";Daniel M. Ketcha et al.;《 The Journal of Organic Chemistry》;19851227;第50卷(第26期);第5451-5457页 * |
"Fischer 吲哚合成法的研究进展";蒋金芝 等;《有机化学》;20061231;第26卷(第8期);第1025-1030页 * |
DanielM.Ketchaetal.."AConvenientSynthesisof3-AcylindolesviaFriedel-CraftsAcylationof1-(Pheny1sulfonyl)indole.ANewRoutetoPyridocarbazole-5 1l-quinons and Ellipticine".《 The Journal of Organic Chemistry》.1985 |
蒋金芝 等."Fischer 吲哚合成法的研究进展".《有机化学》.2006,第26卷(第8期),第1025-1030页. |
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