CN102810711B - Rectangular porous waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes - Google Patents
Rectangular porous waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102810711B CN102810711B CN201210282690.5A CN201210282690A CN102810711B CN 102810711 B CN102810711 B CN 102810711B CN 201210282690 A CN201210282690 A CN 201210282690A CN 102810711 B CN102810711 B CN 102810711B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rectangular porous waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes, comprising a main rectangular waveguide, an auxiliary rectangular waveguide and coupling holes. The main rectangular waveguide is isolated from the auxiliary rectangular waveguide. The main rectangular waveguide communicates with the auxiliary rectangular waveguide through at least three coupling holes. Each coupling hole comprises a hollow coupling tube which is adhered on the lateral wall of the main rectangular waveguide or/and the lateral wall of the auxiliary rectangular waveguide. The lateral wall of the hollow coupling tube close to the main rectangular waveguide is connected with a coupling chamber of which three ends are opened; the coupling chamber communicates with the hollow coupling tube; and the coupling chamber is located between the main rectangular waveguide and the auxiliary rectangular waveguide and communicates with the main rectangular waveguide and the auxiliary rectangular waveguide. The coupling holes which are adjacent along the axis of the main rectangular waveguide are staggered and distributed at the left side and the right side of the axis of the main rectangular waveguide in turn. The rectangular porous waveguide directional coupler with the cross distributed coupling holes has the advantages of compact structure, simple process, large power capacity and low insertion loss. In particularly, on the aspect of millimeter wave bands and the Terahertz wave bands, the rectangular porous waveguide directional coupler with the cross distributed coupling holes has outstanding advantages of low insertion loss, compared with the normal porous directional coupler.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to multi-hole directional coupler, specifically, relate to the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler that a kind of coupling aperture that utilizes a plurality of holes to be coupled is interspersed.
Background technology
Directional coupler is widely used a kind of microwave device in microwave system, and its Main Function is that microwave signal is carried out to power division according to a certain percentage; Directional coupler consists of two transmission lines, and coaxial line, rectangular waveguide, circular waveguide, strip line and microstrip line etc. all can form directional coupler; So of a great variety from structure directional coupler, widely different, but from their coupling mechanism, be mainly divided into four kinds, i.e. aperture coupling, parallel coupling, branch's coupling and coupling double T.
Before early 1950s, nearly all microwave equipment all adopts metal waveguide and waveguide circuit, and directional coupler at that time mostly also is Waveguide Hole coupling directional coupler; Its theoretical foundation is Bethe slot-coupling theory, and the people such as Cohn and Levy have also done a lot of contributions.
Development along with aerospace technology, require microwave circuit and system to accomplish miniaturization, lightweight and dependable performance, so there is strip line and microstrip line, in succession there is again the microwave integrated transmission-lines such as fin line, the line of rabbet joint, co-planar waveguide and coplanar stripline in the needs due to microwave circuit and system subsequently, so just occurred various transmission line directional couplers.
Tradition single-hole directional coupler has some advantage: as simple in structure, parameter is few, design is got up more convenient; But it also exists some shortcomings: as poor in narrow bandwidth, directivity, only suitable in the work of design frequency place, drift out this frequency, and directivity will reduce.
Although tradition multi-hole directional coupler can accomplish that very wide bandwidth, directivity also have very and improve, but also exist some shortcomings, as large in volume, requirement on machining accuracy is high, insertion loss is high, particularly at millimeter wave terahertz wave band, too high Insertion Loss makes this device lose use value; This just encourages us to remove to design a kind of novel porous directional coupler that can overcome these shortcomings.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome some shortcomings of traditional directional coupler, the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler that provides a kind of compact, insertion loss coupling aperture low, broadband to be interspersed.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture is interspersed, is characterized in that: comprise as the main rectangular waveguide of microwave main channel with as the secondary rectangular waveguide of sampled signal passage and as the coupling aperture of coupling channel; The main mould H face of the main mould H face of main rectangular waveguide and secondary rectangular waveguide is parallel to each other, and main rectangular waveguide and secondary rectangular waveguide are isolated mutually; Main rectangular waveguide is communicated with secondary rectangular waveguide by least 3 coupling apertures, coupling aperture comprise be attached to main rectangular waveguide sidewall or and the hollow tube coupling of secondary rectangular waveguide sidewall, hollow tube coupling is connected with the coupling cavity of three end openings near the sidewall of main rectangular waveguide, coupling cavity and the conducting of hollow tube coupling, coupling cavity between main rectangular waveguide and secondary rectangular waveguide and with main rectangular waveguide and secondary rectangular waveguide conducting; Coupling aperture is arranged along the axis of main rectangular waveguide, along the adjacent coupling aperture of main rectangular waveguide axis direction, is interspersed successively in left side and the right side of main rectangular waveguide axis; Along on main rectangular waveguide axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures in the heart apart from the guide wavelength in the central task frequency of main rectangular waveguide 15%～35% between.The guide wavelength of the centre frequency that the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures that are interspersed along main rectangular waveguide axis direction is main rectangular waveguide apart from projected length on main rectangular waveguide axis direction in the heart 15%～35% between.
The projection of shape that coupling aperture is overlooked in direction at it is circle or polygon.
In described coupling aperture, added the cylindrical metal body that another axis is vertical with the main mould H face of main rectangular waveguide, the only inwall connection with corresponding coupling aperture in a direction of this cylindrical metal body, the cross section of this cylindrical metal body be shaped as rectangle.
Described cylindrical metal body can all or part ofly be positioned at the inside of main rectangular waveguide.
The one or both ends of described main rectangular waveguide or secondary rectangular waveguide are also connected with curved waveguide.
Described main rectangular waveguide Huo and secondary rectangular waveguide are connected with the matching structure with extraneous device matching in its one or both ends.
The part of coupling aperture is beyond main rectangular waveguide or secondary rectangular waveguide, or the while is outside main rectangular waveguide and secondary rectangular waveguide.
The axis of described main rectangular waveguide and secondary rectangular waveguide is parallel to each other.
Single-hole directional coupler has relatively narrow bandwidth in directivity, so people have expected a series of coupling apertures of design, this series of coupling aperture forms an array, and several arrays can also stack up, and come thus the comprehensive degree of coupling and directional responses.Utilize the directivity of aperture and the directivity of array to superpose in coupled end, just can obtain better directivity, and this extra degree of freedom can also improve bandwidth.Therefore, in order to increase the coupling performance of coupling aperture, we arrange coupling aperture along the axis of main rectangular waveguide, simultaneously in order to increase the bore of coupling aperture, and the left side that is distributed in main rectangular waveguide axis and right side that we interlock adjacent coupling aperture successively.
After coupling aperture is staggered, meeting under the condition of coupling reinforcement, be adjacent two coupling apertures hole in the heart apart from should be arranged on main rectangular waveguide central task frequency guide wavelength 15%～35% between, we can increase the bore of coupling aperture, so can further add close coupling again, thereby further improve the directivity of this rectangular waveguide directional coupler.
Meanwhile, preferentially selecting cross section is that rectangle column metallic object is arranged in coupling aperture, and the position of cylindrical metal body in coupling aperture is unrestricted, can arrange according to the actual requirements.
The general axis of main rectangular waveguide and the angle between the axis of secondary rectangular waveguide are between 5 ° to 175 °.For the volume of its whole coupler is reduced, we pay the utmost attention to the axis of main rectangular waveguide and the axis of secondary rectangular waveguide be arranged in parallel.
The projection of shape that coupling aperture is overlooked direction at it is unrestricted, and when considering cost of manufacture, we pay the utmost attention to circle or triangle or the quadrangle of the simple and easy batch production of energy.
While increasing cylindrical metal body, described coupling aperture is in-line or Y-shaped or cross and other starlike more than 4 branches in the projection of shape of overlooking direction.
Wherein above-mentioned H face is magnetic field face.
Based on said structure, the present invention compared to its improvement of multi-hole directional coupler is in the past: traditional coupling aperture is improved to the coupling channel being comprised of coupling cavity and hollow tube coupling, wherein coupling cavity is arranged between main rectangular waveguide and secondary rectangular waveguide, hollow tube coupling be attached to main rectangular waveguide sidewall or and secondary rectangular waveguide sidewall.Can increase its directivity like this.
Owing to there being a plurality of coupling apertures, its a plurality of coupling apertures can make to reach between waveguide the effect of coupling reinforcement, therefore the further improvement of the present invention is: coupling aperture is arranged along the axis of main rectangular waveguide, along the adjacent coupling aperture of main rectangular waveguide axis direction, is interspersed successively in left side and the right side of main rectangular waveguide axis; Along on main rectangular waveguide axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures in the heart apart from the guide wavelength in the central task frequency of main rectangular waveguide 15%～35% between.That is the left side that is distributed in main rectangular waveguide axis and the right side that, adjacent coupling aperture are interlocked successively.After adjacent coupling aperture is interspersed, in unit are, because we adopt the both sides of the staggered main rectangular waveguide that coupling aperture is arranged, so certainly will be under the condition of identical hole count, we just can increase the bore of coupling aperture, so the reinforcement that can further be coupled again, thus the directivity of this porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler further improved.
The operation principle of multi-hole directional coupler can be described below:
Because can being similar to, waveguide inwall regards ideal conducting plane as.According to the boundary condition of alternating electromagnetic field, ideal conducting plane E only has the component perpendicular with surface, there is no tangential component; Magnetic field H only has the component tangent with surface, there is no normal component.The public broadside of the vertical major-minor rectangular waveguide of main waveguide internal electric field, reaches that a part of electric field that complementary wave leads still perpendicular to the public broadside of major-minor waveguide by aperture, and its power line forms an elbow.The closed curve that magnetic field (magnetic line of force) is parallel main Guide of Wide Wall, pierces into therefore the magnetic field of main waveguide (magnetic line of force) forms one group at aperture place the full curve that passes secondary rectangular waveguide.
By aperture, entering that a part of electric field that complementary wave leads leads coupling aperture both sides at complementary wave and is coupled out electric field E ' vertically downward.The electric field E ' of alternation inspires Induced magnetic field H ' (direction is determined by S=E*H).Electricity, magnetic field alternately excites, and forms respectively the electromagnetic wave to coupled end and isolation end output.
By aperture, entering that a part of magnetic field that complementary wave leads leads coupling aperture both sides at complementary wave and is coupled out level magnetic field H to the right '.The magnetic field H of alternation ' inspire the electric field E ' inducting.Electricity, magnetic field alternately excites, and forms respectively the electromagnetic wave to coupled end and isolation end output.
Aperture coupling is above-mentioned electric coupling and magnetic-coupled stack.The electromagnetic wave that two kinds of couplings are formed merges, and we can find out that the electromagnetic wave transmitting toward coupled end direction superposes in the same way, form coupling output; Electromagnetic wave toward the transmission of isolation end direction oppositely superposes, and the formation of cancelling out each other isolation end, so be to export without coupling in principle.But due to aperture electricity, magnetic-coupled asymmetry, both superpose and have produced directivity.
Multi-hole directional coupler utilizes a series of coupling apertures to form an array exactly, and several arrays can also stack up, and come thus the comprehensive degree of coupling and directional responses.Utilize the directivity of aperture and the directivity of array to superpose in coupled end, just can obtain better directivity, and this extra degree of freedom can also improve bandwidth.
The invention has the advantages that compact conformation, processing is simple, power capacity is large, insertion loss is low, particularly at millimeter wave and terahertz wave band, compares with common multi-hole directional coupler, aspect filter with low insertion loss, has outstanding advantage.Compact multi-hole directional coupler of the present invention is expected to be widely used in the electronic system of each microwave band and terahertz wave band, particularly military affairs and the civil area such as radar, missile guidance, communication.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the axis of main rectangular waveguide and the stereogram of the axis of secondary rectangular waveguide when parallel in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural perspective of coupling aperture.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 4 is the A-A profile of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention three.
Fig. 7 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention four.
Fig. 8 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention five.
Label in figure is expressed as: 1, main rectangular waveguide; 2, secondary rectangular waveguide; 3, coupling aperture; 31, coupling cavity; 32, hollow tube coupling; 4, cylindrical metal body; 5, curved waveguide.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture is interspersed, comprises as the main rectangular waveguide 1 of microwave main channel with as the secondary rectangular waveguide 2 of sampled signal passage and as the coupling aperture 3 of coupling channel; Main rectangular waveguide 1 and secondary rectangular waveguide 2 are isolated mutually; Coupling aperture 3 comprise be attached to main rectangular waveguide 1 sidewall or and the hollow tube coupling 32 of secondary rectangular waveguide sidewall, hollow tube coupling 32 is connected with the coupling cavity 31 of three end openings near the sidewall of rectangular waveguide 1, coupling cavity 31 and 32 conductings of hollow tube coupling, coupling cavity 31 between main rectangular waveguide 1 and secondary rectangular waveguide 2 and with main rectangular waveguide 1 and 2 conductings of secondary rectangular waveguide.Wherein, the number of coupling aperture 3 is 3; The projection of shape that coupling aperture 3 is overlooked direction at it is for circular, and the axis of the axis of main rectangular waveguide 1 and secondary rectangular waveguide 2 is parallel to each other.Coupling aperture 3 is arranged along the axis of main rectangular waveguide 1, along the adjacent coupling aperture of main rectangular waveguide 1 axis direction, is interspersed successively in left side and the right side of main rectangular waveguide 1 axis; Along on main rectangular waveguide 1 axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures 3 in the heart apart from the guide wavelength in the central task frequency of main rectangular waveguide 1 22%～28% between.
Compared to its improvement of multi-hole directional coupler in the past, be: 1, traditional coupling aperture is improved to the coupling channel being formed by coupling cavity and hollow tube coupling, wherein coupling cavity is arranged between main rectangular waveguide and secondary rectangular waveguide, hollow tube coupling be attached to main rectangular waveguide sidewall or and secondary rectangular waveguide sidewall; 2, the left side that is distributed in main rectangular waveguide axis and the right side that adjacent coupling aperture are interlocked successively.After adjacent coupling aperture is interspersed, we just can increase the bore of coupling aperture.Can increase its directivity like this.
Coupling aperture is arranged along the axis of main rectangular waveguide, along the adjacent coupling aperture of main rectangular waveguide axis direction, is interspersed successively in left side and the right side of main rectangular waveguide axis; Along on main rectangular waveguide axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures in the heart apart from the guide wavelength in the central task frequency of main rectangular waveguide 15%～35% between.That is the left side that is distributed in main rectangular waveguide axis and the right side that, adjacent coupling aperture are interlocked successively.After adjacent coupling aperture is interspersed, in unit are, because we adopt the both sides of the staggered main rectangular waveguide that coupling aperture is arranged, so certainly will be under the condition of identical hole count, we just can increase the bore of coupling aperture, so the reinforcement that can further be coupled again, thus the directivity of this square porous guide directional coupler further improved.
Embodiment mono-
As Fig. 3, shown in 4, the present embodiment comprises and is provided with main rectangular waveguide 1 and secondary rectangular waveguide 2, and main rectangular waveguide 1 is microwave main channel, and secondary rectangular waveguide 2 is sampled signal passage; Main rectangular waveguide 1 and secondary rectangular waveguide 2 are isolated mutually, by 5 coupling apertures 3, are communicated with; The part of 5 coupling apertures 3 is beyond main rectangular waveguide 1 and secondary rectangular waveguide 2.The axis of described coupling aperture 3 is vertical with the axis of main rectangular waveguide 1, its cross section be shaped as irregular polygon, coupling aperture 3 is positioned at the both sides of main rectangular waveguide, along on main rectangular waveguide 1 axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures in the heart apart from the guide wavelength in the central task frequency of main rectangular waveguide 1 22%～28% between, be any one coupling aperture in adjacent two coupling apertures along the guide wavelength of main rectangular waveguide 1 axis direction Mobility Center operating frequency 22%～28% after, can make the hole heart line of these two adjacent coupling apertures vertical with the axis of main rectangular waveguide, in each coupling aperture 3, added the cylindrical metal body 4 that another axis is vertical with the axis of main rectangular waveguide 1, the cross section of this cylindrical metal body 4 be shaped as rectangle.
Embodiment bis-
As shown in Figure 5, the places different from embodiment mono-are, the two ends of secondary rectangular waveguide 2 are also connected with curved waveguide 5, can facilitate being like this connected of directional coupler and extraneous device, thereby it are better to obtain directivity, the guide directional coupler that bandwidth is wider.
Embodiment tri-
As shown in Figure 6, the place different from embodiment one is that 5 coupling apertures 3 are interspersed in the both sides of main rectangular waveguide 1, and the cross section of coupling aperture 3 is oval, and in coupling aperture 3, does not all add column metallic object 4.
Embodiment tetra-
As shown in Figure 7, the place different from embodiment three is that the cross section of coupling aperture 3 is rectangle, and in coupling aperture 3, is provided with the cylindrical metal body 4 that shape of cross section is rectangle.
Embodiment five
As shown in Figure 8, different from embodiment three is that the cross section of coupling aperture 3 is triangle.
Just can realize preferably the present invention as mentioned above.
Claims (7)
1. the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture is interspersed, is characterized in that: comprise as the main rectangular waveguide (1) of microwave main channel with as the secondary rectangular waveguide (2) of sampled signal passage and as the coupling aperture (3) of coupling channel; The main mould H face of the main mould H face of main rectangular waveguide (1) and secondary rectangular waveguide (2) is parallel to each other, and main rectangular waveguide (1) and secondary rectangular waveguide (2) are isolated mutually; Main rectangular waveguide (1) is communicated with secondary rectangular waveguide (2) by least 3 coupling apertures (3), coupling aperture (3) comprise be attached to main rectangular waveguide (1) sidewall or and the hollow tube coupling (32) of secondary rectangular waveguide (2) sidewall, hollow tube coupling (32) is connected with the coupling cavity (31) of three end openings near the sidewall of main rectangular waveguide (1), coupling cavity (31) and hollow tube coupling (32) conducting, coupling cavity (31) be positioned between main rectangular waveguide (1) and secondary rectangular waveguide (2) and with main rectangular waveguide (1) and secondary rectangular waveguide (2) conducting; Coupling aperture (3) is arranged along the axis of main rectangular waveguide (1), along the adjacent coupling aperture (3) of main rectangular waveguide (1) axis direction, is interspersed successively in left side and the right side of main rectangular waveguide (1) axis; The hole of adjacent two coupling apertures (3) that are interspersed along main rectangular waveguide (1) axis direction in the heart apart from projected length on main rectangular waveguide (1) axis direction be main rectangular waveguide (1) centre frequency guide wavelength 15%～35% between.
2. the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture according to claim 1 is interspersed, is characterized in that: the projection of shape that coupling aperture (3) is overlooked in direction at it is circle or polygon.
3. the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture according to claim 1 is interspersed, it is characterized in that: in described coupling aperture (3), added the cylindrical metal body (4) that another axis is vertical with the main mould H of main rectangular waveguide (1) face, the only inwall connection with corresponding coupling aperture (3) in a direction of this cylindrical metal body (4), the cross section of this cylindrical metal body (4) be shaped as polygon.
4. the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture according to claim 3 is interspersed, is characterized in that: all or part of inside that is positioned at main rectangular waveguide (1) of described cylindrical metal body (4).
5. the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture according to claim 1 is interspersed, is characterized in that: the axis of described main rectangular waveguide (1) and secondary rectangular waveguide (2) is parallel to each other.
6. the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler being interspersed according to the coupling aperture described in any one in claim 1-5, is characterized in that: described main rectangular waveguide (1) or and the one or both ends of secondary rectangular waveguide (2) be also connected with curved waveguide (5).
7. the porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler being interspersed according to the coupling aperture described in any one in claim 1-5, is characterized in that: described main rectangular waveguide (1) Huo and secondary rectangular waveguide (2) are connected with the matching structure with extraneous device matching in its one or both ends.
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| CN201210282690.5A CN102810711B (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2012-08-10 | Rectangular porous waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes |
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| CN201210282690.5A CN102810711B (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2012-08-10 | Rectangular porous waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes |
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| CN102810711B true CN102810711B (en) | 2014-05-07 |
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| CN107134627A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-05 | 中北大学 | Many diamond hole coupled mode guide directional couplers |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4839662A (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1989-06-13 | Canadian Astronautics Limited | Composite waveguide coupling aperture having a varying thickness dimension |
| JP2005020636A (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-20 | Nec Engineering Ltd | Cross directional coupler |
| CN202695692U (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-01-23 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | A multi-hole directional coupler for a rectangular waveguide with coupling holes distributed in an interlacing manner |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100539493B1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2005-12-29 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Directioanl Coupler Using Non-radiative Dielectric waveguide |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4839662A (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1989-06-13 | Canadian Astronautics Limited | Composite waveguide coupling aperture having a varying thickness dimension |
| JP2005020636A (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-20 | Nec Engineering Ltd | Cross directional coupler |
| CN202695692U (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-01-23 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | A multi-hole directional coupler for a rectangular waveguide with coupling holes distributed in an interlacing manner |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| Analysis and Synthesis of Waveguide Multiaperture Directional Couplers;RALPH LEVY;《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES》;19681231;第995-1006页 * |
| RALPH LEVY.Analysis and Synthesis of Waveguide Multiaperture Directional Couplers.《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES》.1968,第995-1006页. |
| 毫米波定向耦合器的设计与优化;沙正国等;《电子测量技术》;20100630;第47-53页 * |
| 沙正国等.毫米波定向耦合器的设计与优化.《电子测量技术》.2010, |
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