CN102810710B - Directional coupler with master ridge waveguide and slave ridge waveguide - Google Patents
Directional coupler with master ridge waveguide and slave ridge waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN102810710B CN102810710B CN201210282621.4A CN201210282621A CN102810710B CN 102810710 B CN102810710 B CN 102810710B CN 201210282621 A CN201210282621 A CN 201210282621A CN 102810710 B CN102810710 B CN 102810710B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directional coupler with a master ridge waveguide and a slave ridge waveguide. The directional coupler comprises the master ridge waveguide as a major microwave channel, the slave ridge waveguide as a sampled signal channel, and coupling holes as coupling channels. Structure of the master ridge waveguide is consistent to that of the slave ridge waveguide, and each of the master ridge waveguide and the slave ridge waveguide is formed by loading a rectangular waveguide of a conductor ridge by the upper wall or/and the lower wall. The master ridge waveguide and the slave ridge wave guide separate from each other, the master ridge waveguide is communicated with the slave ridge waveguide through one or two coupling holes, at least one coupling hole comprises hollow coupling tubes attached to the side wall of the master ridge waveguide or/and the side wall of the slave ridge waveguide, the side wall, close to the rectangular waveguides, of each hollow coupling tube is connected with a coupling cavity with openings at three ends, the coupling cavities are communicated with the hollow coupling tubes, and the coupling cavities are located between and are communicated with the master ridge waveguide and the slave ridge waveguide. The directional coupler is compact in structure, processing is simple, operation bandwidth is wide, power capacity is large, and insertion loss is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler, specifically, relate to a kind of major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler that utilizes single hole or diplopore to be coupled.
Background technology
Directional coupler is widely used a kind of microwave device in microwave system, and its Main Function is that microwave signal is carried out to power division according to a certain percentage; Directional coupler consists of two transmission lines, and coaxial line, rectangular waveguide, circular waveguide, strip line and microstrip line etc. all can form directional coupler; So of a great variety from structure directional coupler, widely different, but from their coupling mechanism, be mainly divided into four kinds, i.e. aperture coupling, parallel coupling, branch's coupling and coupling double T.
Before early 1950s, nearly all microwave equipment all adopts metal waveguide and waveguide circuit, and directional coupler at that time mostly also is Waveguide Hole coupling directional coupler; Its theoretical foundation is Bethe slot-coupling theory, and the people such as Cohn and Levy have also done a lot of contributions.
Along with the development of aerospace technology, require microwave circuit and system to accomplish miniaturization, lightweight and dependable performance, so there is strip line and microstrip line, because the microwave integrated transmission-lines such as fin line, the line of rabbet joint, co-planar waveguide and coplanar stripline have appearred again in the needs of microwave circuit and system in succession, various transmission line directional couplers have so just been there are subsequently.
Tradition single-hole directional coupler has some advantage: as simple in structure, parameter is few, design is got up more convenient; But it also exists some shortcomings: as poor in narrow bandwidth, directivity, only suitable in the work of design frequency place.Drift out this frequency, directivity will reduce.
Although tradition multi-hole directional coupler can be accomplished very wide bandwidth, also exists some shortcomings, as large in volume, requirement on machining accuracy is high, insertion loss is high, particularly at millimeter wave terahertz wave band, too high Insertion Loss makes this device lose use value; This just encourages us to remove to design a kind of Novel directional coupler that can overcome these shortcomings.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome some shortcomings of traditional directional coupler, a kind of compact, major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler that insertion loss is low are provided.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler, is characterized in that: comprise as the backbone waveguide of microwave main channel with as the secondary ridge waveguide of sampled signal passage and as the coupling aperture of coupling channel; Secondary ridge waveguide is consistent with the structure of backbone waveguide, and wherein, backbone waveguide comprises the cavity structure of rectangle and is arranged on the ridge structure in rectangular enclosure structure; Backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide are isolated mutually; Backbone waveguide is communicated with secondary ridge waveguide by 1 or 2 coupling apertures, at least 1 coupling aperture comprise be attached to backbone waveguide sidewalls or and the hollow tube coupling of secondary ridge waveguide sidewall, hollow tube coupling is connected with the coupling cavity of three end openings near the sidewall of backbone waveguide, coupling cavity and the conducting of hollow tube coupling, coupling cavity between backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide and with backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide conducting;
The size Expressing of backbone waveguide is: a1*h1, and the size Expressing of secondary ridge waveguide is: a2*h2, a1, a2 are expressed as the width of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide, and h1, h2 are expressed as the height of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide;
The size situation of the size of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide is as follows:
Situation A: when the size of backbone waveguide is less than the size of secondary ridge waveguide,
H2*10% < h1 < h2*80% or and a2*10% < a1 < a2*80%;
Situation B: when the size of backbone waveguide is greater than the size of secondary ridge waveguide,
H1*10% < h2 < h1*80% or and a1*10% < a2 < a1*80%;
Situation C: when the size of backbone waveguide equals the size of secondary ridge waveguide,
A1=a2 and h1=h2.
Due to traditional single-hole directional coupler, the size of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide all adopts standard size, and the position of the coupling aperture in simultaneously traditional single-hole directional coupler is arranged between backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide.And improvement of the present invention is: 1, the position of traditional coupling aperture is adjusted, design accordingly and the coupling aperture of adjusting rear structure and matching, be that coupling aperture in the present invention is comprised of coupling cavity and hollow tube coupling, wherein during setting position, coupling cavity is arranged between backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide, in order to be communicated with backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide, due to be also provided with hollow tube coupling be attached to backbone waveguide sidewalls or and secondary ridge waveguide sidewall, can further strengthen coupling; 2, the present invention can also increase an above-mentioned coupling aperture consisting of coupling cavity and hollow tube coupling on the basis of existing single-hole directional coupler, or directly increase by two coupling apertures after improvement, replace original coupling aperture, the coupling between waveguide is enhanced.3, because experiment is found, when we adopt the backbone waveguide of non-standard structure and secondary ridge waveguide to design, the directivity of non-standard structure is than the good directionality of normal structure, therefore, the backbone waveguide adopting in the present invention and secondary ridge waveguide all do not adopt standard size or one to adopt standard size, one not adopt standard size aspect size, aspect size, adjust the directivity of increase coupler that can be extra.
While therefore designing, two coupling apertures are preferentially set, and the hollow tube coupling in coupling aperture to be attached to backbone waveguide sidewalls or and secondary ridge waveguide sidewall.Further preferentially be set to: the size of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide does not all adopt standard size.
While being coupled output according to the above-mentioned coupler of being preferentially arranged to, its course of work is: microwave, first by backbone waveguide, when place, structure Coupling hole, arrives secondary ridge waveguide by coupling cavity by microwave coupling, under the effect of hollow tube coupling, add close coupling, make its directivity grow.Further because the size of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide adopts off-standard size; Therefore on the above-mentioned basis that adds close coupling, can also further strengthen coupling.
When the above-mentioned three kinds of different situations of selection of dimension of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide, can obtain three kinds of different results.In the past people be all the ridge waveguide of preferential choice criteria as the transmission channel of guide directional coupler, but when selecting situation A or situation B, at millimere-wave band and terahertz wave band, we can obtain filter with low insertion loss, the better directional coupler of directivity.Namely this extra degree of freedom can help us to design the better directional coupler of directivity.
The projection of shape that coupling aperture is overlooked direction at it is for circular; Coupling cavity while and the rectangular enclosure structure of backbone waveguide and the rectangular enclosure structure conducting of secondary ridge waveguide.
In described coupling aperture, be provided with parallel with coupling aperture axis and vertical with the axis of the backbone waveguide metallic object of axis.
The cross section of this metallic object be shaped as rectangle.
Angle between the axis of described backbone waveguide and the axis of secondary ridge waveguide is between 5 ° to 175 °.
The number of described coupling aperture is 2 o'clock, and the center of two coupling apertures lays respectively at backbone waveguide and overlooks near two relative summits of intersecting the parallelogram forming after direction projection with secondary ridge waveguide.
Described backbone waveguide or and the one or both ends of secondary ridge waveguide be also connected with curved ridges waveguide.
Described backbone waveguide Huo and secondary ridge waveguide are connected with the matching structure with extraneous device matching in its one or both ends.
Angle between the general axis of backbone waveguide and the axis of secondary ridge waveguide is between 5 ° to 175 °.For the volume that makes its whole coupler reduces, we pay the utmost attention to the axis of backbone waveguide and the axis of secondary ridge waveguide be arranged in parallel, meanwhile, the angular dimension between the axis of its backbone waveguide and the axis of secondary ridge waveguide is determined through optimizing according to indexs such as the degree of coupling of this directional coupler, directivity and bandwidth of operation.
When the number of coupling aperture is 1, compare single hole coupler in the past, performance has obvious progress, when the number of coupling aperture increases to 2, can further improve its degree of coupling.Now we need to make hollow tube coupling be attached to or backbone waveguide and the sidewall of secondary ridge waveguide could improve its directivity.
The projection of shape that coupling aperture is overlooked direction at it is unrestricted, and when considering cost of manufacture, we pay the utmost attention to circle or triangle or the quadrangle of the simple and easy batch production of energy.
Increase during metallic object, described coupling aperture is in-line or Y-shaped or cross and other starlike more than 4 branches in the projection of shape of overlooking direction.
Based on said structure, the present invention can not adopt standard ridge waveguide structure, and namely the height of rectangular waveguide or width can change, and concrete height need be determined through optimizing according to indexs such as the degree of coupling of directional coupler, directivity and bandwidth of operation.
The operation principle of single-hole directional coupler can be described below:
Because waveguide inwall can be similar to, regard ideal conducting plane as, according to the boundary condition of alternating electromagnetic field, ideal conducting plane E only has the component perpendicular with surface, there is no tangential component; Magnetic field H only has the component tangent with surface, there is no normal component.The public broadside of the vertical major-minor waveguide of main waveguide internal electric field, reaches by aperture the still vertical and public broadside of major-minor waveguide of that a part of electric field that complementary wave is led, and its power line forms an elbow.Magnetic field (magnetic line of force) is for being parallel to the closed curve of main Guide of Wide Wall, therefore the magnetic field of main waveguide (magnetic line of force) forms one group at aperture place, pierces into and passes the full curve that complementary wave is led.
By aperture, entering that a part of electric field that complementary wave leads leads coupling aperture both sides at complementary wave and is coupled out electric field E ' vertically downward, the electric field E ' of alternation inspires Induced magnetic field H ' (direction is determined by S=E*H), electricity, magnetic field alternately excite, and form the electromagnetic wave to coupled end and isolation end output respectively.
By aperture, entering that a part of magnetic field that complementary wave leads leads coupling aperture both sides at complementary wave and is coupled out level magnetic field H to the right ', the magnetic field H of alternation ' inspire the electric field E ' inducting, electricity, magnetic field alternately excite, and form the electromagnetic wave to coupled end and isolation end output respectively.
Aperture coupling is above-mentioned electric coupling and magnetic-coupled stack, and the electromagnetic wave two kinds of couplings being formed merges, and we can find out that the electromagnetic wave of past coupled end direction transmission superposes in the same way, forms coupling output; The electromagnetic wave transmitting toward isolation end direction oppositely superposes, and cancels out each other and forms isolation, so be to export without coupling in principle; But due to aperture electricity, magnetic-coupled asymmetry, both superpose and have produced directivity.
The invention has the advantages that compact conformation, processing is simple, bandwidth of operation is wide, power capacity is large, insertion loss is low, particularly at millimeter wave and terahertz wave band, compared with common multi-hole directional coupler, aspect filter with low insertion loss, has outstanding advantage.Compact major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler of the present invention is expected to be widely used in the electronic system of each microwave band and terahertz wave band, particularly military affairs and the civil area such as radar, missile guidance, communication.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the axis of backbone waveguide and the stereogram of the axis of secondary ridge waveguide when parallel in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural perspective of coupling aperture.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 4 is A-A profile in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention three.
Fig. 7 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention four.
Label in figure is expressed as: 1, backbone waveguide; 2, secondary ridge waveguide; 3, coupling aperture; 31, coupling cavity; 32, hollow tube coupling; 7, metallic object; 4, curved ridges waveguide; 5, ridge waveguide.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler, comprises as the backbone waveguide 1 of microwave main channel with as the secondary ridge waveguide 2 of sampled signal passage and as the coupling aperture 3 of coupling channel; Backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 are isolated mutually; Backbone waveguide 1 is communicated with secondary ridge waveguide 2 by 1 coupling aperture, coupling aperture 3 comprise be attached to backbone waveguide 1 sidewall or and the hollow tube coupling 32 of secondary ridge waveguide 2 sidewalls, hollow tube coupling 32 is connected with the coupling cavity 31 of three end openings near the sidewall of ridge waveguide 1, coupling cavity 31 and 32 conductings of hollow tube coupling, coupling cavity 31 between backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 and with backbone waveguide 1 and 2 conductings of secondary ridge waveguide.The size Expressing of backbone waveguide is: a1*h1, and the size Expressing of secondary ridge waveguide is: a2*h2, a1, a2 are expressed as the width of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide, and h1, h2 are expressed as the height of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide;
The size situation of the size of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide is as follows:
Situation A: when the size of backbone waveguide is less than the size of secondary ridge waveguide,
H2*10% < h1 < h2*80% or and a2*10% < a1 < a2*80%;
Situation B: when the size of backbone waveguide is greater than the size of secondary ridge waveguide,
H1*10% < h2 < h1*80% or and a1*10% < a2 < a1*80%;
Situation C: when the size of backbone waveguide equals the size of secondary ridge waveguide,
A1=a2 and h1=h2.
The projection of shape that coupling aperture 3 is overlooked direction at it is for circular, and the axis of the axis of backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 is parallel to each other.
Compared to its improvement of single-hole directional coupler in the past, be: traditional coupling aperture is improved to the coupling channel being formed by coupling cavity 31 and hollow tube coupling 32, wherein coupling cavity 31 is arranged between backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2, hollow tube coupling 32 be attached to backbone waveguide 1 sidewall or and secondary ridge waveguide sidewall.Can increase like this its directivity.
Meanwhile, compared to its another improvement of single-hole directional coupler in the past, be: adopt standard ridge waveguide structure to be improved to tradition and adopt common ridge waveguide structure, i.e. the size situation of the size of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide is as follows:
Situation A: when the size of backbone waveguide is less than the size of secondary ridge waveguide,
H2*10% < h1 < h2*80% or and a2*10% < a1 < a2*80%;
Situation B: when the size of backbone waveguide is greater than the size of secondary ridge waveguide,
H1*10% < h2 < h1*80% or and a1*10% < a2 < a1*80%;
Situation C: when the size of backbone waveguide equals the size of secondary ridge waveguide,
A1=a2 and h1=h2.Can increase like this its directivity.
Embodiment mono-
As shown in Figure 3,4, the present embodiment comprises and is provided with backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2, and backbone waveguide 1 is microwave main channel, and secondary ridge waveguide 2 is sampled signal passage; The axis of backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 is parallel to each other, and backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 are isolated mutually, only by 1 coupling aperture, is communicated with; A part for coupling aperture 3 is beyond backbone waveguide 1 or secondary ridge waveguide 2.In coupling aperture 3, add the metallic object 7 that another axis is parallel and vertical with the axis of backbone waveguide 1 with the axis of coupling aperture 3, the cross section of this metallic object 7 be shaped as rectangle, can obtain the good directional coupler of directivity.
Embodiment bis-
As shown in Figure 5, the place different from embodiment mono-is between backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 to be parallel, there is no angle.Coupling aperture 3 all only has part in backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 the insides, and some outside.Metallic object 7 is not set in coupling aperture 3.
Embodiment tri-
As shown in Figure 6, the place different from embodiment mono-is by two coupling apertures 3, to be communicated with between backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2, and the center of two coupling apertures 3 lays respectively at backbone waveguide 1 and intersects near two relative summits of the parallelogram forming with secondary ridge waveguide 2.
Embodiment tetra-
As shown in Figure 7, the place different from embodiment tri-is that backbone waveguide 1 and 2 of secondary ridge waveguides are communicated with by a coupling aperture 3, at the two ends of backbone waveguide 1, there is the transition of curved ridges waveguide 4, can obtain like this that directivity is better, the wider guide directional coupler of bandwidth, at the other end of curved ridges waveguide 4, connect ridge waveguide 5.
Just can realize preferably as mentioned above the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler, is characterized in that: comprise as the backbone waveguide (1) of microwave main channel with as the secondary ridge waveguide (2) of sampled signal passage and as the coupling aperture (3) of coupling channel; Backbone waveguide (1) is consistent with the structure of secondary ridge waveguide (2), wherein backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2) be all by upper wall or and the lower wall rectangular waveguide that loads conductor ridge form; Backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2) are isolated mutually; Backbone waveguide (1) is communicated with secondary ridge waveguide (2) by 1 or 2 coupling apertures (3), at least 1 coupling aperture (3) comprise be attached to backbone waveguide (1) sidewall or and the hollow tube coupling (32) of secondary ridge waveguide (2) sidewall, hollow tube coupling (32) is connected with the coupling cavity (31) of three end openings near the sidewall of backbone waveguide (1), coupling cavity (31) and hollow tube coupling (32) conducting, coupling cavity (31) be positioned between backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2) and with backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2) conducting; The projection of shape that coupling aperture (3) is overlooked direction at it is for circular; Coupling cavity while and the rectangular enclosure structure of backbone waveguide (1) and the rectangular enclosure structure conducting of secondary ridge waveguide (2);
The size Expressing of backbone waveguide (1) is: a1*h1, the size Expressing of secondary ridge waveguide (2) is: a2*h2, a1, a2 are expressed as the width of backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2), and h1, h2 are expressed as the height of backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2);
The size situation of the size of backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2) is as follows:
Situation A: when the size of backbone waveguide (1) is less than the size of secondary ridge waveguide (2),
H2*10% < h1 < h2*80% or and a2*10% < a1 < a2*80%;
Situation B: when the size of backbone waveguide (1) is greater than the size of secondary ridge waveguide (2),
H1*10% < h2 < h1*80% or and a1*10% < a2 < a1*80%;
Situation C: when the size of backbone waveguide (1) equals the size of secondary ridge waveguide (2),
A1=a2 and h1=h2.
2. major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described coupling aperture (3), be provided with parallel with coupling aperture (3) axis and vertical with the axis of backbone waveguide (1) metallic object (7) of axis.
3. major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the cross section of this metallic object (7) be shaped as rectangle.
4. major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the angle between the axis of described backbone waveguide (1) and the axis of secondary ridge waveguide (2) is between 5 ° to 175 °.
5. major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the number of described coupling aperture (3) is 2 o'clock, the center of two coupling apertures (3) lays respectively at backbone waveguide (1) and overlooks near two relative summits of intersecting the parallelogram forming after direction projection with secondary ridge waveguide (2).
6. according to the major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler described in any one in claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: described backbone waveguide (1) or and the one or both ends of secondary ridge waveguide (2) be also connected with curved ridges waveguide (4).
7. according to the major-minor ridge waveguide directional coupler described in any one in claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: described backbone waveguide (1) Huo and secondary ridge waveguide (2) are connected with the matching structure with extraneous device matching in its one or both ends.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210282621.4A CN102810710B (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2012-08-10 | Directional coupler with master ridge waveguide and slave ridge waveguide |
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| CN201210282621.4A CN102810710B (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2012-08-10 | Directional coupler with master ridge waveguide and slave ridge waveguide |
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| CN102810710B true CN102810710B (en) | 2014-04-30 |
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| JP6176540B2 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2017-08-09 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Directional coupler and microwave heating apparatus including the same |
| CN112329298B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2024-05-07 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Simulation optimization method and device for high-directivity rectangular waveguide directional coupler |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040130409A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-08 | Lee Hong Yeol | Directional coupler using non-radiative dielectric waveguide |
| CN202678489U (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-01-16 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Directional coupler with main and auxiliary ridge waveguides different in size |
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| JP2005020636A (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-20 | Nec Engineering Ltd | Cross directional coupler |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040130409A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-08 | Lee Hong Yeol | Directional coupler using non-radiative dielectric waveguide |
| CN202678489U (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-01-16 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Directional coupler with main and auxiliary ridge waveguides different in size |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| Improved Single and Multiaperture Waveguide Coupling Theory,Including Explanation of Mutual Intertactions;RALPH LEVY;《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES》;19800430;第331-338页 * |
| RALPHLEVY.ImprovedSingleandMultiapertureWaveguideCouplingTheory Including Explanation of Mutual Intertactions.《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES》.1980 |
| 脊波导定向耦合器的设计与研究;蒋平英;《中国优秀硕士学位论文电子期刊》;20070315;全文 * |
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