CN102810707B - Porous ridge waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes - Google Patents
Porous ridge waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102810707B CN102810707B CN201210282608.9A CN201210282608A CN102810707B CN 102810707 B CN102810707 B CN 102810707B CN 201210282608 A CN201210282608 A CN 201210282608A CN 102810707 B CN102810707 B CN 102810707B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a porous ridge waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes, comprising a main ridge waveguide, an auxiliary ridge waveguide and coupling holes. The main ridge waveguide is isolated from the auxiliary ridge waveguide. The main ridge waveguide communicates with the auxiliary ridge waveguide through at least three coupling holes. Each coupling hole comprises a hollow coupling tube which is adhered on the lateral wall of the main ridge waveguide or/and the lateral wall of the auxiliary ridge waveguide. The lateral wall of the hollow coupling tube, close to the main ridge waveguide, is connected with a coupling chamber of which three ends are opened; the coupling chamber communicates with the hollow coupling tube; and the coupling chamber is located between the main ridge waveguide and the auxiliary ridge waveguide and communicates with the main ridge waveguide and the auxiliary ridge waveguide. The coupling holes which are adjacent along the axis of the main ridge waveguide are staggered and distributed at the left side and the right side of the axis of the main ridge waveguide. The porous ridge waveguide directional coupler with the cross distributed coupling holes has the advantages of compact structure, wide bandwidth, high power capacity and low insertion loss. In particularly, on the aspects of millimeter wave bands and the Terahertz wave bands, the porous ridge waveguide directional coupler with the cross distributed coupling holes has outstanding advantages of low insertion loss compared with the normal porous directional coupler.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to multi-hole directional coupler, specifically, relate to the porous ridge waveguide directional coupler that a kind of coupling aperture that utilizes multiple holes to add close coupling is interspersed.
Background technology
Directional coupler is widely used a kind of microwave device in microwave system, and its Main Function is that microwave signal is carried out to power division according to a certain percentage; Directional coupler is made up of two transmission lines, and coaxial line, rectangular waveguide, circular waveguide, strip line and microstrip line etc. all can form directional coupler; So of a great variety from structure directional coupler, widely different, but be mainly divided into four kinds from their coupling mechanism, i.e. aperture coupling, parallel coupling, branch's coupling and coupling double T.
Before early 1950s, nearly all microwave equipment all adopts metal waveguide and waveguide circuit, and directional coupler at that time mostly also is Waveguide Hole coupling directional coupler; Its theoretical foundation is Bethe slot-coupling theory, and the people such as Cohn and Levy have also done a lot of contributions.
Along with the development of aerospace technology, require microwave circuit and system to accomplish miniaturization, lightweight and dependable performance, so there is strip line and microstrip line, because the microwave integrated transmission-lines such as fin line, the line of rabbet joint, co-planar waveguide and coplanar stripline have appearred again in the needs of microwave circuit and system in succession, various transmission line directional couplers are so just there are subsequently.
Tradition single-hole directional coupler has some advantage: as simple in structure, parameter is few, design is got up more convenient; But it also exists some shortcomings: as poor in narrow bandwidth, directivity, only suitable in the work of design frequency place, drift out this frequency, and directivity will reduce.
Although tradition multi-hole directional coupler can accomplish that very wide bandwidth, directivity also have very and improve, but also exist some shortcomings, as large in volume, requirement on machining accuracy is high, insertion loss is high, particularly at millimeter wave terahertz wave band, too high Insertion Loss makes this device lose use value; This just encourages us to remove to design a kind of novel porous directional coupler that can overcome these shortcomings.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome some shortcomings of traditional directional coupler, the porous ridge waveguide directional coupler that provides a kind of compact, insertion loss coupling aperture low, broadband to be interspersed.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: the porous ridge waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture is interspersed, comprises as the backbone waveguide of microwave main channel with as the secondary ridge waveguide of sampled signal passage and as the coupling aperture of coupling channel, the structure of backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide is consistent, wherein backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide be all by rectangular enclosure structured waveguide and be arranged on rectangular enclosure structured waveguide upper wall or and the loading conductor ridge of lower wall form, backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide are isolated mutually, backbone waveguide is communicated with secondary ridge waveguide by least 3 coupling apertures, coupling aperture comprises the hollow tube coupling that is attached to rectangular enclosure structured waveguide sidewall, hollow tube coupling is connected with the coupling cavity of three end openings near the sidewall of rectangular enclosure structured waveguide, the coupling cavity of three end openings comprises upper port and lower port and wall port, coupling cavity and the conducting of hollow tube coupling, coupling cavity between backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide and with backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide conducting, the upper port of coupling cavity and backbone waveguide conducting, the lower port of coupling cavity and secondary ridge waveguide conducting, the wall port of coupling cavity and the conducting of hollow tube coupling, described coupling aperture is arranged along the axis direction of backbone waveguide, is interspersed successively in left side and the right side of backbone waveguide axis along the adjacent coupling aperture of backbone waveguide axis direction, along on backbone waveguide axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures in the heart apart from the guide wavelength of backbone waveguide core operating frequency 15%～35% between, in described coupling cavity, added a cylindrical metal body that axis is parallel and vertical with backbone waveguide axis with the axis of coupling cavity, this cylindrical metal body one end connects with the inwall of corresponding coupling cavity, the cross section of this cylindrical metal body be shaped as polygon.
The projection of shape that hollow tube coupling is overlooked direction at it is for semicircle, and the projection of shape that coupling cavity is overlooked direction at it is for semicircle.
Described cylindrical metal body extends into the inside of backbone waveguide.
The one or both ends of described backbone waveguide or secondary ridge waveguide are also connected with curved waveguide; The other end at curved waveguide also can be connected with the matching structure mating with the external world.
Single-hole directional coupler has relatively narrow bandwidth in directivity, so people have expected a series of coupling apertures of design, and an array of this series of coupling aperture composition, several arrays can also stack up, and come thus the comprehensive degree of coupling and directional responses.Utilize the directivity of aperture and the directivity of array to superpose in coupled end, just can obtain better directivity, and this extra degree of freedom can also improve bandwidth.Therefore, in order to increase the coupling performance of coupling aperture, we arrange coupling aperture along the axis of backbone waveguide, simultaneously in order to increase the bore of coupling aperture, and the left side and the right side that are distributed in backbone waveguide axis that we interlock adjacent coupling aperture successively.
After coupling aperture is staggered, meeting under the condition of coupling reinforcement, be adjacent two coupling apertures hole in the heart apart from should be arranged on backbone waveguide central task frequency guide wavelength 15%～35% between, we can increase the bore of coupling aperture, so can further add again close coupling, thereby further improve the directivity of this rectangular waveguide directional coupler.
Meanwhile, preferentially selecting cross section is that rectangle column metallic object is arranged in coupling aperture, and the position of cylindrical metal body in coupling aperture is unrestricted, can arrange according to the actual requirements.
For the volume that makes its whole directional coupler reduces, we pay the utmost attention to the axis of backbone waveguide and the axis of secondary ridge waveguide be arranged in parallel, and whole directional coupler is all sealed in the inside of metallic shield lid.
The projection of shape that coupling aperture is overlooked direction at it is unrestricted, and in the time considering cost of manufacture, we pay the utmost attention to circle or triangle or the quadrangle of the simple and easy batch production of energy.
While increasing cylindrical metal body, described coupling aperture is in-line or Y-shaped or cross and other starlike more than 4 branches in the projection of shape of overlooking direction.
Based on said structure, the present invention is compared to its improvement 1 of multi-hole directional coupler in the past: traditional coupling aperture is improved to the coupling channel being made up of coupling cavity and hollow tube coupling, wherein coupling cavity is arranged between backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide, hollow tube coupling be attached to backbone waveguide sidewalls or and secondary ridge waveguide sidewall.Can increase like this its directivity.
Owing to there being multiple coupling apertures, its multiple coupling apertures can make to reach between waveguide the effect of coupling reinforcement, therefore the further improvement of the present invention: coupling aperture is arranged along the axis of backbone waveguide, the left side and the right side that are distributed in backbone waveguide axis that interlock successively along the adjacent coupling aperture of backbone waveguide axis direction; Along on backbone waveguide axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures in the heart apart from the guide wavelength in the central task frequency of backbone waveguide 15%～35% between.After adjacent coupling aperture is interspersed, in unit are, because we adopt the both sides of the staggered backbone waveguide that coupling aperture is arranged, so certainly will be under the condition of identical hole count, we just can increase the bore of coupling aperture, so the reinforcement that can further be coupled again, thus the directivity of this porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler further improved.
The operation principle of multi-hole directional coupler can be described below:
Because can being similar to, waveguide inwall regards ideal conducting plane as.According to the boundary condition of alternating electromagnetic field, ideal conducting plane E only has the component perpendicular with surface, there is no tangential component; Magnetic field H only has the component tangent with surface, there is no normal component.The public broadside of the vertical major-minor ridge waveguide of main waveguide internal electric field, reaches that a part of electric field that complementary wave leads still perpendicular to the public broadside of major-minor waveguide by aperture, and its power line forms an elbow.The closed curve that magnetic field (magnetic line of force) is parallel main Guide of Wide Wall, pierces into therefore the magnetic field of main waveguide (magnetic line of force) forms one group at aperture place the full curve that passes secondary ridge waveguide.
Entering by aperture that a part of electric field that complementary wave leads leads coupling aperture both sides at complementary wave and is coupled out electric field E ' vertically downward.The electric field E ' of alternation inspires Induced magnetic field H ' (direction is determined by S=E*H).Electricity, magnetic field alternately excite, and form the electromagnetic wave to coupled end and isolation end output respectively.
Entering by aperture that a part of magnetic field that complementary wave leads leads coupling aperture both sides at complementary wave and is coupled out level magnetic field H to the right '.The magnetic field H of alternation ' inspire the electric field E ' inducting.Electricity, magnetic field alternately excite, and form the electromagnetic wave to coupled end and isolation end output respectively.
Aperture coupling is above-mentioned electric coupling and magnetic-coupled stack.The electromagnetic wave that two kinds of couplings are formed merges, and we can find out that the electromagnetic wave transmitting toward coupled end direction superposes in the same way, form coupling output; Electromagnetic wave toward the transmission of isolation end direction oppositely superposes, and the formation of cancelling out each other isolation end, so be to export without coupling in principle.But due to aperture electricity, magnetic-coupled asymmetry, both superpose and have produced directivity.
Multi-hole directional coupler utilizes an array of a series of coupling aperture composition exactly, and several arrays can also stack up, and come thus the comprehensive degree of coupling and directional responses.Utilize the directivity of aperture and the directivity of array to superpose in coupled end, just can obtain better directivity, and this extra degree of freedom can also improve bandwidth.
The invention has the advantages that compact conformation, bandwidth of operation is wide, power capacity is large, insertion loss is low, particularly at millimeter wave and terahertz wave band, compared with common multi-hole directional coupler, aspect filter with low insertion loss, has outstanding advantage.Compact multi-hole directional coupler of the present invention is expected to be widely used in the electronic system of each microwave band and terahertz wave band, particularly military affairs and the civil area such as radar, missile guidance, communication.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the axis of backbone waveguide and the stereogram of the axis of secondary ridge waveguide when parallel in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural perspective of coupling aperture.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 4 is the A-A profile of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention three.
Fig. 7 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention four.
Fig. 8 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the present invention five.
Label in figure is expressed as: 1, backbone waveguide; 2, secondary ridge waveguide; 3, coupling aperture; 31, coupling cavity; 32, hollow tube coupling; 4, cylindrical metal body; 5, curved waveguide; 6, conductor ridge.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the porous ridge waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture is interspersed, comprises as the backbone waveguide 1 of microwave main channel with as the secondary ridge waveguide 2 of sampled signal passage and as the coupling aperture 3 of coupling channel; Backbone waveguide 1 is consistent with the structure of secondary ridge waveguide 2, wherein backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 be all by upper wall or and the lower wall rectangular enclosure structured waveguide that loads conductor ridge 6 form; Backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 are isolated mutually; Coupling aperture 3 comprise be attached to backbone waveguide 1 sidewall or and the hollow tube coupling 32 of secondary ridge waveguide sidewall, hollow tube coupling 32 is connected with the coupling cavity 31 of three end openings near the sidewall of rectangular waveguide 1, coupling cavity 31 and 32 conductings of hollow tube coupling, coupling cavity 31 between backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 and with backbone waveguide 1 and 2 conductings of secondary ridge waveguide.Wherein, the number of coupling aperture 3 is 3; The projection of shape that coupling aperture 3 is overlooked direction at it is for circular, and the axis of the axis of backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 is parallel to each other.Coupling aperture 3 is arranged along the axis of backbone waveguide 1, is interspersed successively in left side and the right side of backbone waveguide 1 axis along the adjacent coupling aperture of backbone waveguide 1 axis direction; Along on backbone waveguide 1 axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures 3 in the heart apart from the guide wavelength in the central task frequency of backbone waveguide 1 22%～28% between.
Compared to its improvement of multi-hole directional coupler be in the past: 1, traditional coupling aperture is improved to the coupling channel being formed by coupling cavity and hollow tube coupling, wherein coupling cavity is arranged between backbone waveguide and secondary ridge waveguide, hollow tube coupling be attached to backbone waveguide sidewalls or and secondary ridge waveguide sidewall; 2, the left side and the right side that are distributed in backbone waveguide axis that adjacent coupling aperture are interlocked successively.After adjacent coupling aperture is interspersed, we just can increase the bore of coupling aperture.Can increase like this its directivity.
Coupling aperture is arranged along the axis of backbone waveguide, is interspersed successively in left side and the right side of backbone waveguide axis along the adjacent coupling aperture of backbone waveguide axis direction; Along on backbone waveguide axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures in the heart apart from the guide wavelength in the central task frequency of backbone waveguide 15%～35% between.After adjacent coupling aperture is interspersed, in unit are, because we adopt the both sides of the staggered backbone waveguide that coupling aperture is arranged, so certainly will be under the condition of identical hole count, we just can increase the bore of coupling aperture, so the reinforcement that can further be coupled again, thus the directivity of this square porous guide directional coupler further improved.
Embodiment mono-
As Fig. 3, shown in 4, the present embodiment comprises and is provided with backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2, and backbone waveguide 1 is microwave main channel, and secondary ridge waveguide 2 is sampled signal passage; Backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2 are isolated mutually, are communicated with by 5 coupling apertures 3; The part of 5 coupling apertures 3 is beyond backbone waveguide 1 and secondary ridge waveguide 2.The axis of described coupling aperture 3 is vertical with the axis of backbone waveguide 1, its cross section be shaped as irregular polygon, coupling aperture 3 is positioned at the both sides of backbone waveguide, along on backbone waveguide 1 axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures in the heart apart from the guide wavelength in the central task frequency of backbone waveguide 1 22%～28% between, be any one coupling aperture in adjacent two coupling apertures along the guide wavelength of backbone waveguide 1 axis direction Mobility Center operating frequency 22%～28% after, can make the hole heart line of these two adjacent coupling apertures vertical with the axis of backbone waveguide, in each coupling aperture 3, add another axis cylindrical metal body 4 parallel and vertical with the axis of backbone waveguide 1 with the axis of coupling aperture 3, the cross section of this cylindrical metal body 4 be shaped as rectangle.
Embodiment bis-
As shown in Figure 5, the place different from embodiment mono-is that major-minor ridge waveguide is communicated with by 4 coupling apertures and the two ends of secondary ridge waveguide 2 are also connected with curved waveguide 5, is also connected with at the other end of curved waveguide 5 matching structure mating with the external world.Can facilitate being like this connected of directional coupler and extraneous device, thereby it is better to obtain directivity, the guide directional coupler that bandwidth is wider.
Embodiment tri-
As shown in Figure 6, the place different from embodiment one is that 5 coupling apertures 3 are interspersed in the both sides of backbone waveguide 1, and the cross section of coupling aperture 3 is oval, and in coupling aperture 3, does not all add column metallic object 4.
Embodiment tetra-
As shown in Figure 7, the place different from embodiment three is that the cross section of coupling aperture 3 is rectangle, and in coupling aperture 3, is provided with the cylindrical metal body 4 that shape of cross section is rectangle.
Embodiment five
As shown in Figure 8, different from embodiment three is that the cross section of coupling aperture 3 is triangle.
Just can realize preferably as mentioned above the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the porous ridge waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture is interspersed, is characterized in that: comprise as the backbone waveguide (1) of microwave main channel with as the secondary ridge waveguide (2) of sampled signal passage and as the coupling aperture (3) of coupling channel, backbone waveguide (1) is consistent with the structure of secondary ridge waveguide (2), wherein backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2) be all by rectangular enclosure structured waveguide and be arranged on rectangular enclosure structured waveguide upper wall or and the loading conductor ridge (6) of lower wall form, backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2) are isolated mutually, backbone waveguide (1) is communicated with secondary ridge waveguide (2) by least 3 coupling apertures (3), coupling aperture (3) comprises the hollow tube coupling (32) that is attached to rectangular enclosure structured waveguide sidewall, hollow tube coupling (32) is connected with the coupling cavity (31) of three end openings near the sidewall of rectangular enclosure structured waveguide, the coupling cavity (31) of three end openings comprises upper port and lower port and wall port, coupling cavity (31) and hollow tube coupling (32) conducting, coupling cavity (31) be positioned between backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2) and with backbone waveguide (1) and secondary ridge waveguide (2) conducting, the upper port of coupling cavity (31) and backbone waveguide (1) conducting, the lower port of coupling cavity (31) and secondary ridge waveguide (2) conducting, the wall port of coupling cavity (31) and hollow tube coupling (32) conducting, described coupling aperture (3) is arranged along the axis direction of backbone waveguide (1), is interspersed successively in left side and the right side of backbone waveguide (1) axis along the adjacent coupling aperture (3) of backbone waveguide (1) axis direction, along on backbone waveguide (1) axis direction, the hole of adjacent two coupling apertures (3) in the heart apart from the guide wavelength of backbone waveguide (1) central task frequency 15%～35% between, in described coupling cavity (31), added a cylindrical metal body (4) that axis is parallel and vertical with backbone waveguide (1) axis with the axis of coupling cavity (31), this cylindrical metal body (4) one end connects with the inwall of corresponding coupling cavity (31), the cross section of this cylindrical metal body (4) be shaped as polygon.
2. the porous ridge waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture according to claim 1 is interspersed, it is characterized in that: the projection of shape that hollow tube coupling (32) is overlooked direction at it is for semicircle, and the projection of shape that coupling cavity (31) is overlooked direction at it is for semicircle.
3. the porous ridge waveguide directional coupler that coupling aperture according to claim 1 is interspersed, is characterized in that: described cylindrical metal body (4) extends into the inside of backbone waveguide (1).
4. the porous ridge waveguide directional coupler being interspersed according to the coupling aperture described in any one in claim 1-3, is characterized in that: the one or both ends of described backbone waveguide (1) or secondary ridge waveguide (2) are also connected with curved waveguide (5); The other end at curved waveguide (5) also can be connected with the matching structure mating with the external world.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210282608.9A CN102810707B (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2012-08-10 | Porous ridge waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210282608.9A CN102810707B (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2012-08-10 | Porous ridge waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes |
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| CN102810707A CN102810707A (en) | 2012-12-05 |
| CN102810707B true CN102810707B (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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| CN201210282608.9A Expired - Fee Related CN102810707B (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2012-08-10 | Porous ridge waveguide directional coupler with cross distributed coupling holes |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103280619B (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2015-02-25 | 电子科技大学 | Millimeter wave micropore coupler for measuring high power |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5043684A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1991-08-27 | General Signal Corporation | Compact high power, high directivity, waveguide directional coupler utilizing reactively loaded junction |
| CN101728618A (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2010-06-09 | 西安恒达微波技术开发公司 | Double ridge waveguide directional coupler |
| CN202333107U (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2012-07-11 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Ridge waveguide directional coupler |
| CN202678490U (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-01-16 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Multi-hole ridge waveguide directional coupler with coupling holes distributed in staggered manner |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US587486A (en) * | 1897-08-03 | Albert s | ||
| JPH10126118A (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 1998-05-15 | Nec Corp | Short slot type directional coupler |
| JP3884737B2 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2007-02-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Directional coupler and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2012
- 2012-08-10 CN CN201210282608.9A patent/CN102810707B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5043684A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1991-08-27 | General Signal Corporation | Compact high power, high directivity, waveguide directional coupler utilizing reactively loaded junction |
| CN101728618A (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2010-06-09 | 西安恒达微波技术开发公司 | Double ridge waveguide directional coupler |
| CN202333107U (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2012-07-11 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Ridge waveguide directional coupler |
| CN202678490U (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-01-16 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Multi-hole ridge waveguide directional coupler with coupling holes distributed in staggered manner |
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