CN102809610B - Phased array ultrasonic testing method based on improved dynamic depth focusing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-destructive testing and particularly discloses a phased array ultrasonic testing method based on improved dynamic depth focusing. The method comprises the following five steps of: performing phased array ultrasonic transmission and reception, discriminating a defect, calculating delay time, post-processing echo signals and reconstructing a B type drawing. The ultrasonic echo signals are accurately focused to the position of the defect, so that the problem that the defect is difficult to identify when the signal-to-noise ratio of a reflection echo signal of the defect is too low can be solved; by the method, the problem that the deviation exists between an ideal focus and an actual focus because a material of a tested workpiece is nonuniform can be effectively solved, and the testing resolution of phased array ultrasonic testing of layered media and anisotropic media can be effectively improved; and by the method, the problems that ultrasonic imaging results are fuzzy and distorted due to errors of hardware systems such as phased array flaw detectors can also be solved, and the quality of phased array ultrasonic imaging can also be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nondestructive testing, be specifically related to a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth.
Background technology
Non-Destructive Testing (nondestructive testing) is called for short NDT, that not damage the conformability that is verified object be prerequisite, apply multiple physical principle and chemical phenomenon, various construction materials, parts, structural member are effectively checked and tested, so as to evaluating their continuity, integrality, safe reliability and some physical property.Five conventional large lossless detection methods mainly contain ray detection, Ultrasonic Detection, infiltration detection, magnetic detection, EDDY CURRENT.
Ultrasonic Detection (UT) is to utilize probe excitation ultrasound wave to pass in workpiece to be checked after couplant coupling, in the time that ultrasound wave runs into defect, can produce the phenomenons such as reflection, refraction, detect by the mode such as energy amplitude, the velocity of sound, the variation of signal frequency of analyzing reflection wave or transmitted wave.
Phased array ultrasonic detection technology is by each array element in electronics mode control transducer array, according to certain time delay, transmit and receive regularly ultrasound wave, thereby control ultrasonic beam deflection and focusing in tested workpiece, realize the Non-Destructive Testing to material, it comprises that phased array supersonic transmits and receives two parts.The principle of work of phased array supersonic transmitting is based on Huygens-Frensel principle, and when each array element is during by the pulse excitation of same frequency, the ultrasound wave of launching will interfere formation composite wave front, thereby in space, form stable ultrasonic field; If change the driving pulse time of each array element, make them according to certain transmitting time delay, according to Huygens' principle, the ultrasound wave of launching can synthesize new wave front in space stack, thereby realizes the characteristics such as acoustic beam deflection or focusing.According to principle of reciprocity, phased array is also to reach by the method postponing while reception, and the mistiming that arrives each array element according to echo is carried out compensation of delay to each array element reception information, then stacks up, thereby obtains the reflection echo on certain target direction; Meanwhile, the methods such as phase place, amplitude control and the beamforming by each array element, can form dynamic focusing, become the multiple phased effects such as aperture, apodization.
In the time of phased array ultrasonic detection, because the real velocity of sound of detected material exists deviation with the supposition velocity of sound, or the heterogeneity of detected material acoustic beam while existing coarse-grain, anisotropy, the situation such as non-homogeneous to cause ultrasonic signal to be propagated, capital causes the distortion of phased array supersonic composite signal in ultrasonic signal communication process, thereby the synthetic difficulty of sound beam focusing and acoustic beam while causing defects detection, has had a strong impact on spatial resolution and the contrast of phased array supersonic imaging.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth, adopt the ultrasound echo signal of each array element reception in phased array normal probe as feedback signal, obtain the time difference of the flaw echo arrival several adjacent array elements nearest apart from defect by the defect information in extraction signal, then according to the time difference of these array elements, without again encouraging ultrasound wave, only need carry out delay disposal to the reception signal of these array elements, just the echoed signal that makes these array elements receive focuses on defective locations.The echoed signal receiving according to reality is adjusted the receive delay time of array element, realizes the accurate focusing of acoustic beam at defective locations, can effectively improve the detection resolution of defect.
The present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth, wherein, the pick-up unit that this detection method needs comprises phased array supersonic defectoscope and phased array normal probe, wherein phased array supersonic defectoscope is electrically connected with phased array normal probe, and phased array normal probe is the one-dimensional linear probe with multiple array element wafers.Detection method specifically comprises following step:
Step 1, phased array supersonic transmit and receive step.First, phased array defectoscope is set, carry out the linear electron scanning of phased array, the step value (this value is got 1 array element) of the selected element number of array of transmitting/receiving ultrasound wave (this value be generally phased array normal probe element number of array 1/4) and linear electron scanning is set, it is detected workpiece lower surface (this value is determined by the thickness that is detected workpiece) that phased array normal probe transmitting ultrasound wave focal position is set simultaneously, it is that dynamic depth focuses on (DDF) mode that phased array normal probe receives ultrasound echo signal mode, the setting of the dynamic depth type of focusing comprises the initial depth of focus, stop the depth of focus and three parameters of depth of focus stepping, the initial depth of focus and the termination depth of focus are determined by the thickness that is detected workpiece, depth of focus stepping is determined by the accuracy of detection requiring, which can make ultrasound echo signal from different depths of focus position in focus state.By above-mentioned setting, multiple array elements adjacent in phased array normal probe are become an emission array aperture by phased array defectoscope, all array elements in each array aperture are controlled, the value transmitting time delay ultrasound wave that each array element in array aperture calculates according to phased array defectoscope, simultaneously, each array element in this array aperture all receives ultrasound echo signal, in these ultrasound echo signals, include the detected reflection echo of workpiece upper and lower surface and the reflection echo of defect, value time delay of the each depth of focus position when dynamic depth calculating according to phased array defectoscope focuses on, the ultrasound echo signal that in this array aperture, each array element receives is done to dynamic depth focusing processing and merge into a branch of ultrasonic signal, be defined as the ultrasonic composite signal of this array aperture.Control successively each array aperture and transmit and receive ultrasound wave, can obtain the ultrasonic composite signal of each array aperture.
Step 2, defect estimation step.Brightness for data (or color) in the ultrasonic composite signal that in step 1, each array aperture obtains is characterized, obtain a two-dimensional section figure of detected workpiece, being Type B shows, owing to including the information of the reflection echo that is detected workpiece upper and lower surface in Type B demonstration figure, therefore from Type B figure, can determine the two-dimensional position information of defect;
Step 3, time delay calculation procedure.According to the defective locations information of principium identification in step 2, the array aperture that this defective locations of selected distance is nearest, the ultrasound echo signal receiving in step 1 according to each array element in this array aperture, in adding rectangle time window or digital signal processing, this defective locations place arbitrarily for extracting the window function of internal information between given area, extracts the echo information of this defective locations.Then, the ultrasound echo signal that receives same defect reflection according to each array element in this array aperture has the principle of correlativity, utilizes cross-correlation method, calculates ultrasound wave and arrives the time difference of each array element this array aperture from this defective locations;
The concrete operations of cross-correlation method comprise following step:
(1) a nearest array aperture of this defective locations of selected distance, using the data of a nearest ultrasound echo signal that array element is received in step 1 of this this defect of array aperture middle distance as with reference to signal x (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... N-1), get the data of the ultrasound echo signal that other the arbitrary array element in this array aperture receives in step 1 as measured signal y (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... N-1), n represents the position in sequence, N is that the collection of each array element reception ultrasound echo signal in step 1 is counted, be h for thickness, longitudinal wave velocity is the detected workpiece of c, in the time that the sample frequency of phased array supersonic defectoscope is M, N=(2h/c) * M,
(2) the cycle period length that circular correlation computing is set is L, and L >=2N-1, with reference to signal x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... and measured signal y (n) (n=0,1,2 N-1) ... N-1) zero padding to length is L respectively, to the reference signal x after zero padding (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... L-1) measured signal y (the n) (n=0 and after zero padding, 1, 2 ... L-1) carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) and obtain X (k) (k=0, 1, 2 ... and Y (k) (k=0 L-1), 1, 2 ... L-1), wherein X (k) represents that the reference signal x (n) after zero padding becomes the sequence of frequency-region signal from time-domain signal does Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT), Y (k) represents that the measured signal y (n) after zero padding becomes the sequence of frequency-region signal from time-domain signal does Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT), k represents the position in X (k) and Y (k) sequence after Fourier transform,
(3) X (k) is done to conjugate operation, conjugate operation result and Y (k) are made to complex multiplication, result after complex multiplication is cross correlation function R (k), again R (k) is made to Fast Fourier Transform Inverse (FFTI) (IFFT), extract its real part R (τ), τ when R (k) gets maximal value in corresponding real part R (τ) is exactly the time difference of desired reference signal and measured signal.
(4) successively the data of other array element ultrasound echo signal that receives in step 1 in this array aperture are carried out to the calculating of (1)～(3) as measured signal respectively, try to achieve in this array aperture each array element with respect to the time difference of reference signal, these time differences are each array element in selected array aperture and receive the time delay of defect reflection echo signal.
Step 4, echoed signal post-processing step.Get value time delay of the each depth of focus position middle distance defect nearest depth of focus position of step 1 when dynamic depth is set focuses on, with value replacement time delay of each array element in the selected array aperture obtaining in step 3, keep value time delay of other depth of focus position constant, make the ultrasound echo signal that in selected array aperture, each array element receives focus on defective locations.According to above-mentioned time delay after treatment value the ultrasound echo signal that in selected array aperture, each array element receives is synthesized to processing again, form the ultrasonic composite signal that this array aperture is new;
Step 5, Type B figure reconstruction step.The ultrasonic composite signal that in the new ultrasonic composite signal alternative steps one that array aperture selected in step 4 is formed, this array aperture obtains, and repaint Type B figure for defect recognition.
The phased array ultrasonic detecting method that the present invention proposes is not only applied to the detection of the detected workpiece that only has a defect, is also applied to the detection that has more than two detected workpiece of defect.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth, ultrasound echo signal is accurately focused on to defective locations, can solve the problem of the defect recognition difficulty that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) when defect reflection echo signal causes when too low;
(2) the present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth, can effectively solve the inhomogeneous problem that causes desirable focus and actual focal spot to have deviation of material due to tested workpiece, for the phased array ultrasonic detection of stratified medium and anisotropic medium, can effectively improve detection resolution;
(3) the present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth, can reduce the problems such as the caused ultrasonic imaging result of the hardware system errors such as phased array defectoscope is fuzzy, distortion, improves phased array supersonic image quality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows phased array linear scan mode;
Fig. 2 shows the phased array dynamic depth type of focusing;
The synthesis mode of ultrasound echo signal when Fig. 3 shows the focusing of phased array dynamic depth;
Fig. 4 shows definite method of the array aperture nearest apart from defect;
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram that carries out focal position adjustment for defective locations.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention adopts phased array normal probe to detect detected workpiece, by being processed to acquisition flaw echo, the ultrasound echo signal of adjacent several array element receptions arrives the time difference of these array elements, then these array elements being received to signals carries out delay disposal and makes to receive echoed signal and focus on defective locations, this detection method has effectively revised that the tested material velocity of sound is inhomogeneous, real velocity of sound and the supposition velocity of sound exist the problems such as deviation, has improved the precision of focus point.
The present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth, wherein, the pick-up unit that this detection method needs comprises phased array supersonic defectoscope and phased array normal probe, wherein phased array supersonic defectoscope is electrically connected with phased array normal probe, and phased array normal probe is the one-dimensional linear probe with multiple array element wafers.Detection method specifically comprises following step:
Step 1, phased array supersonic transmit and receive step.First, phased array defectoscope is set, carry out the linear electron scanning of phased array, the step value (this value is got 1 array element) of the selected element number of array of transmitting/receiving ultrasound wave (this value be generally phased array normal probe element number of array 1/4) and linear electron scanning is set, it is detected workpiece lower surface (this value is determined by the thickness that is detected workpiece) that phased array normal probe transmitting ultrasound wave focal position is set simultaneously, it is that dynamic depth focuses on (DDF) mode that phased array normal probe receives ultrasound echo signal mode, the setting of the dynamic depth type of focusing comprises the initial depth of focus, stop the depth of focus and three parameters of depth of focus stepping, the initial depth of focus and the termination depth of focus are determined by the thickness that is detected workpiece, depth of focus stepping is determined by the accuracy of detection requiring, which can make ultrasound echo signal from different depths of focus position in focus state.By above-mentioned setting, multiple array elements adjacent in phased array normal probe are become an emission array aperture by phased array defectoscope, all array elements in each array aperture are controlled, the value transmitting time delay ultrasound wave that each array element in array aperture calculates according to phased array defectoscope, simultaneously, each array element in this array aperture all receives ultrasound echo signal, in these ultrasound echo signals, include the detected reflection echo of workpiece upper and lower surface and the reflection echo of defect, value time delay of the each depth of focus position when dynamic depth calculating according to phased array defectoscope focuses on, the ultrasound echo signal that in this array aperture, each array element receives is done to dynamic depth focusing processing and merge into a branch of ultrasonic signal, be defined as the ultrasonic composite signal of this array aperture.Control successively each array aperture and transmit and receive ultrasound wave, can obtain the ultrasonic composite signal of each array aperture.
Step 2, defect estimation step.Brightness for data (or color) in the ultrasonic composite signal that in step 1, each array aperture obtains is characterized, obtain a two-dimensional section figure of detected workpiece, being Type B shows, owing to including the information of the reflection echo that is detected workpiece upper and lower surface in Type B demonstration figure, therefore from Type B figure, can determine the two-dimensional position information of defect.
Step 3, time delay calculation procedure.According to the defective locations information of principium identification in step 2, the array aperture that this defective locations of selected distance is nearest, the ultrasound echo signal receiving in step 1 according to each array element in this array aperture, in adding rectangle time window or digital signal processing, this defective locations place arbitrarily for extracting the window function of internal information between given area, extracts the echo information of this defective locations.Then, the ultrasound echo signal that receives same defect reflection according to each array element in this array aperture has the principle of correlativity, utilizes cross-correlation method, calculates ultrasound wave and arrives the time difference of each array element this array aperture from this defective locations.
The concrete operations of cross-correlation method comprise following step:
(1) a nearest array aperture of this defective locations of selected distance, using the data of a nearest ultrasound echo signal that array element is received in step 1 of this this defect of array aperture middle distance as with reference to signal x (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... N-1), get the data of the ultrasound echo signal that other the arbitrary array element in this array aperture receives in step 1 as measured signal y (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... N-1), n represents the position in sequence, N is that the collection of each array element reception ultrasound echo signal in step 1 is counted, be h for thickness, longitudinal wave velocity is the detected workpiece of c, in the time that the sample frequency of phased array supersonic defectoscope is M, N=(2h/c) * M,
(2) the cycle period length that circular correlation computing is set is L, and L >=2N-1, with reference to signal x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... and measured signal y (n) (n=0,1,2 N-1) ... N-1) zero padding to length is L respectively, to the reference signal x after zero padding (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... L-1) measured signal y (the n) (n=0 and after zero padding, 1, 2 ... L-1) carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) and obtain X (k) (k=0, 1, 2 ... and Y (k) (k=0 L-1), 1, 2 ... L-1), wherein X (k) represents that the reference signal x (n) after zero padding becomes the sequence of frequency-region signal from time-domain signal does Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT), Y (k) represents that the measured signal y (n) after zero padding becomes the sequence of frequency-region signal from time-domain signal does Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT), k represents the position in X (k) and Y (k) sequence after Fourier transform,
(3) X (k) is done to conjugate operation, conjugate operation result and Y (k) are made to complex multiplication, result after complex multiplication is cross correlation function R (k), again R (k) is made to Fast Fourier Transform Inverse (FFTI) (IFFT), extract its real part R (τ), τ when R (k) gets maximal value in corresponding real part R (τ) is exactly the time difference of desired reference signal and measured signal;
(4) successively the data of other array element ultrasound echo signal that receives in step 1 in this array aperture are carried out to the calculating of (1)～(3) as measured signal respectively, try to achieve in this array aperture each array element with respect to the time difference of reference signal, these time differences are each array element in selected array aperture and receive the time delay of defect reflection echo signal.
Step 4, echoed signal post-processing step.Get value time delay of the each depth of focus position middle distance defect nearest depth of focus position of step 1 when dynamic depth is set focuses on, with value replacement time delay of each array element in the selected array aperture obtaining in step 3, value time delay of other depth of focus position remains unchanged, and makes the ultrasound echo signal that in selected array aperture, each array element receives focus on defective locations.According to above-mentioned time delay after treatment value the ultrasound echo signal that in selected array aperture, each array element receives is synthesized to processing again, form the ultrasonic composite signal that this array aperture is new.
Step 5, Type B figure reconstruction step.The ultrasonic composite signal that in the new ultrasonic composite signal alternative steps one that array aperture selected in step 4 is formed, this array aperture obtains, and repaint Type B figure for defect recognition.
The phased array ultrasonic detecting method that the present invention proposes is not only applied to the detection of the detected workpiece that only has a defect, is also applied to the detection that has more than two detected workpiece of defect.
embodiment:the present embodiment proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth, comprises following step:
Step 1, taking a phased array one-dimensional linear normal probe that comprises E (32) array element wafer as example, adopt the linear electron scanning mode of phased array to launch ultrasound wave, first, get (1 ~ No. 8) array element 1st ~ No. E/4, by the 1st array aperture of this E/4 array element composition, calculate the time delay of each array element in this array aperture, make the ultrasonic beam vertical focusing of each array element transmitting incide the lower surface of detected workpiece.Then, choose respectively in phased array normal probe the 2nd ~ (E/4+1) number (2 ~ No. 9), 3 ~ (E/4+2) number (3 ~ No. 10), 4 ~ (E/4+3) number (4 ~ No. 11) ... (3E/4+1) ~ No. E (25 ~ No. 32) array element forms different array apertures, the probe of E array element wafer comprises 3E/4+1 (25) array aperture altogether, first complete the task of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic beam by the 1st array aperture, then complete transmitting-receiving task by the 2nd array aperture, so continue, make 3E/4+1 array aperture complete in turn successively transmitting-receiving, thereby realize the comprehensive scanning within the scope of the workpiece that this phased array normal probe is covered.As shown in Figure 1, in figure, taking the phased array normal probe of E array element wafer as example, get wherein several array element wafers becomes an array aperture to the linear electron scanning mode of phased array, the sequential firing ultrasound wave successively along linear direction of scanning.
Adopt phased array dynamic depth to focus on (DDF) mode and receive ultrasound echo signal, the dynamic depth type of focusing realizes by the initial depth of focus, the termination depth of focus and three parameters of depth of focus stepping that phased array defectoscope is set, wherein the initial depth of focus and the termination depth of focus are determined by the thickness that is detected workpiece, and depth of focus stepping is determined by the accuracy of detection requiring.By above-mentioned setting, the ultrasound echo signal that first phased array defectoscope calculates different depths of focus position reflection arrives value time delay of each array element in each array aperture, then receive after echoed signal in each array element of each array aperture, value time delay of the each depth of focus position focusing on by control dynamic depth, just can make echo acoustic beam from different depths of focus position in focus state, the dynamic depth type of focusing of phased array as shown in Figure 2, there is shown an array aperture do dynamic depth focus on time each depth of focus position.Successively each array element received signal in each array aperture is synthesized to processing, obtain the ultrasonic composite signal of 3E/4+1 array aperture, the signal synthesis mode of one of them array aperture as shown in Figure 3, in focusing on taking dynamic depth respectively in figure, the 1st and the 2nd depth of focus position be as example, shows the process of the ultrasound echo signal that in an array aperture, each array element receives being done to dynamic depth and focuses on processing and merge into a branch of ultrasonic signal.
Brightness for data (or color) in step 2, ultrasonic composite signal that each array aperture in step 1 is obtained characterizes, obtain a two-dimensional section figure of detected workpiece, being Type B shows, owing to including the information of the reflection echo that is detected workpiece upper and lower surface in Type B demonstration figure, therefore from Type B figure, can determine the two-dimensional position information of defect.
Step 3, time delay calculation procedure.According to the defective locations information of principium identification in step 2, the array aperture that this defect of selected distance is nearest, according to the echoed signal that in this array aperture, each array element receives, extract the echo information of this defective locations, according to the positional information of determined this defect, the ultrasound echo signal that in selected array aperture, each array element receives in step 1 is added to rectangle time window at defective locations place, the extraneous sampled value of time window is weighted to 0, the sampled value within the scope of time window is weighted to 1.Wherein the center of rectangle time window is determined to the position of each array element in selected array aperture by this defective locations of tentatively determining.
When an array aperture transmitting, the same flaw echo that in this array aperture, each array element receives, although the property of there are differences in time, but due to from same reflecting body, and at the essentially identical Propagation of parameters,acoustic, therefore have correlativity, utilize this correlativity can estimate the time difference of each array element reception defect reflection echo signal in selected array aperture, concrete operations are:
(1) a nearest array aperture of this defective locations of selected distance, using the data of a nearest ultrasound echo signal that array element is received in step 1 of this this defect of array aperture middle distance as with reference to signal, be defined as x (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... N-1), get the data of the ultrasound echo signal that other the arbitrary array element in this array aperture receives in step 1 as measured signal, be defined as y (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... N-1), as shown in Figure 4, in figure taking the phased array normal probe of 32 array element wafers as example, the nearest array aperture of its middle distance defective locations is the 18th array aperture (18th ~ No. 25 array element), the data of the ultrasound echo signal being received using an array element nearest apart from defect (No. 21 array element) are as with reference to signal, the data of the ultrasound echo signal that in all the other array elements (18th ~ 20 and 22 ~ No. 25 array element), arbitrary array element receives in step 1 are as measured signal.N value is wherein that the collection that receives ultrasound echo signal is counted, determined by the actual sound path of measured workpiece, and be h for thickness, the measured workpiece that longitudinal wave velocity is c, in the time that the sample frequency of phased array defect-detecting equipment is M, N=(2h/c) * M.For example 60mm is thick, the measured workpiece that longitudinal wave velocity is 5900m/s, and in the time that the sample frequency of phased array defect-detecting equipment is 100MHz, the value of N is 2034;
(2) the cycle period length that circular correlation computing is set is L, L >=2N-1, by x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... and y (n) (n=0 N-1), 1,2 ... N-1) zero padding to length is L respectively, becomes x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... and y (n) (n=0,1,2 L-1) ... L-1);
(3) to x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... and y (n) (n=0,1,2 L-1) ... L-1) carry out respectively Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) and obtain X (k) (k=0,1,2 ..., L-1) and Y (k) (k=0,1,2 ..., L-1);
(4) X (k) is done to conjugate operation, conjugate operation result and Y (k) are made to complex multiplication, the result of complex multiplication is defined as to autocorrelation function R (k), R (k) is remake to Fast Fourier Transform Inverse (FFTI) (IFFT), extract its real part R (τ), τ when R (k) gets maximal value in corresponding real part R (τ) is exactly the time difference of desired this measured signal and reference signal.
Get respectively the data of all the other E/4-2 ultrasound echo signals that tested passage receives as measured signal, adopt above-mentioned 4 steps, can be in the hope of each measured signal the time difference with respect to reference signal, these time differences are the time delay of each array element in selected array aperture.
Step 4, get value time delay of the each depth of focus position middle distance defect nearest depth of focus position of step 1 when dynamic depth is set focuses on, with value replacement time delay of each array element in the selected array aperture obtaining in step 3, value time delay of other depth of focus position remains unchanged, make the ultrasound echo signal that in selected array aperture, each array element receives focus on defective locations, while as shown in Figure 5 an array aperture being done to dynamic depth focusing, the nearest depth of focus position of middle distance defect, each depth of focus position is replaced by defective locations, and keep other depth of focus invariant position.According to being worth above-mentioned time delay after treatment, echoed signal that each array element receives is re-started to synthetic processing, obtain the new ultrasonic composite signal of this array aperture.
Step 5, the new ultrasound echo signal that this array aperture is synthesized, while starting to scan in replacement step 1, the ultrasound echo signal of this array aperture, keeps the ultrasound echo signal of other array apertures constant, repaints Type B figure.
Claims (5)
1. the phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth, is characterized in that: comprise following step:
Step 1, phased array supersonic transmit and receive step:
Phased array defectoscope is set, carry out the linear electron scanning of phased array, the selected element number of array of transmitting/receiving ultrasound wave and the step value of linear electron scanning are set, it is detected workpiece lower surface that phased array normal probe transmitting ultrasound wave focal position is set simultaneously, it is the dynamic depth type of focusing that phased array normal probe receives ultrasound echo signal mode, by above-mentioned setting, multiple array elements adjacent in phased array normal probe are become an emission array aperture by phased array defectoscope, all array elements in each array aperture are controlled, the value transmitting time delay ultrasound wave that each array element in array aperture is calculated according to phased array defectoscope, simultaneously, each array element in this array aperture all receives ultrasound echo signal, when the dynamic depth calculating according to phased array defectoscope focuses on, be worth the time delay of each depth of focus position, these ultrasound echo signals are carried out to dynamic depth focusing processing and merge into a branch of ultrasonic signal, for the ultrasonic composite signal of this array aperture, control successively each array aperture and transmit and receive ultrasound wave, obtain the ultrasonic composite signal of each array aperture,
Step 2, defect estimation step:
Data in the ultrasonic composite signal that in step 1, each array aperture obtains are characterized by brightness or color, obtain the Type B demonstration figure of detected workpiece, owing to including the information of the reflection echo that is detected workpiece upper and lower surface in Type B demonstration figure, therefore from Type B figure, can determine the two-dimensional position information of defect;
Step 3, time delay calculation procedure:
According to the defective locations information of principium identification in step 2, the array aperture that this defective locations of selected distance is nearest, the ultrasound echo signal receiving in step 1 according to each array element in this array aperture, extract the echo information of this defective locations, the ultrasound echo signal that receives same defect reflection according to each array element in this array aperture has the principle of correlativity, utilizes cross-correlation method to calculate ultrasound wave and arrives the time difference of each array element this array aperture from this defective locations;
Concrete computation process is:
(1) a nearest array aperture of this defective locations of selected distance, using the data of a nearest ultrasound echo signal that array element is received in step 1 of this this defect of array aperture middle distance as with reference to signal x (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... N-1), get the data of the ultrasound echo signal that other the arbitrary array element in this array aperture receives in step 1 as measured signal y (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... N-1), n represents the position in sequence, N is that the collection of each array element reception ultrasound echo signal in step 1 is counted, be h for thickness, longitudinal wave velocity is the detected workpiece of c, in the time that the sample frequency of phased array supersonic defectoscope is M, N=(2h/c) * M,
(2) the cycle period length that circular correlation computing is set is L, and L >=2N-1, with reference to signal x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... and measured signal y (n) (n=0,1,2 N-1) ... N-1) zero padding to length is L respectively, to the reference signal x after zero padding (n) (n=0, 1, 2 ... L-1) measured signal y (the n) (n=0 and after zero padding, 1, 2 ... L-1) carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and obtain X (k) (k=0, 1, 2 ... and Y (k) (k=0 L-1), 1, 2 ... L-1), wherein X (k) represents that the reference signal x (n) after zero padding becomes the sequence of frequency-region signal from time-domain signal does Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Y (k) represents that the measured signal y (n) after zero padding becomes the sequence of frequency-region signal from time-domain signal does Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), k represents the position in X (k) and Y (k) sequence after Fourier transform,
(3) X (k) is done to conjugate operation, conjugate operation result and Y (k) are made to complex multiplication, result after complex multiplication is cross correlation function R (k), again R (k) is made to Fast Fourier Transform Inverse (FFTI), extract its real part R (τ), τ when R (k) gets maximal value in corresponding real part R (τ) is the time difference of desired reference signal and measured signal;
(4) successively the data of other array element ultrasound echo signal that receives in step 1 in this array aperture are carried out to the calculating of (1)～(3) step as measured signal respectively, try to achieve in this array aperture each array element with respect to the time difference of reference signal, these time differences that obtain are the time delay that in selected array aperture, each array element receives defect reflection echo signal;
Step 4, echoed signal post-processing step:
According to the selected time delay apart from each array element in the nearest array hole warp of defect obtaining in step 3, each depth of focus position when the dynamic depth arranging in set-up procedure one focuses on, make the ultrasound echo signal that in selected array aperture, each array element receives focus on defective locations, again synthesize processing by the ultrasound echo signal that in the array aperture to selected, each array element receives, form the ultrasonic composite signal that this array aperture is new;
Step 5, Type B figure reconstruction step:
The ultrasonic composite signal that in the new ultrasonic composite signal alternative steps one that array aperture selected in step 4 is formed, this array aperture obtains, and repaint Type B figure for defect recognition.
2. a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, the step value of linear electron scanning is 1 array element.
3. a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, a selected element number of array of transmitting/receiving ultrasound wave is 1/4 of phased array normal probe element number of array.
4. a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method for extracting the echo information of this defective locations in described step 3 is to add in rectangle time window mode or digital signal processing arbitrarily for extracting the window function of internal information between given area.
5. a kind of phased array ultrasonic detecting method focusing on based on improved dynamic depth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this phased array ultrasonic detecting method is not only applied to the detection of the detected workpiece that only has a defect, be also applied to the detection that has more than two detected workpiece of defect.
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