CN110333293B - Method for exciting and detecting concrete defects by square grid phased ultrasonic array - Google Patents
Method for exciting and detecting concrete defects by square grid phased ultrasonic array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for exciting and detecting concrete defects by square grid phased ultrasonic arrays, which comprises the following steps: s01, selecting a square area with proper concrete surface as a target area; s02, setting an ultrasonic phased array according to the selected target area, wherein the ultrasonic phased array comprises a plurality of transducer array elements which are arranged in a square grid manner, and dispersing the concrete to be detected into points; s03, dividing the concrete area by using a grid phased ultrasonic array, using a middle transducer array element as an emission source to diffuse outwards, using an outer ring transducer array element as a receiver to detect, and detecting the defect positions of other areas by translating the ultrasonic phased array; s04, phase control focusing is carried out on each point in the defect after dispersion by using the selected array element plane, and meanwhile, the waveform dispersion and the phase control focusing imaging of a single focus are introduced to obtain the image of each point in the defect and the position information of each point in the defect in the depth direction, namely, the defect positioning is completed. The method for exciting and detecting the concrete defects by the square grid phased ultrasonic array can realize accurate positioning of the concrete defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for exciting and detecting concrete defects by square grid phased ultrasonic arrays, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic detection of internal defects of concrete.
Background
The development of the current industry has higher and higher requirements on materials, and accordingly, the non-destructive testing technology is widely applied to industrial materials as a testing method without damaging the materials. The existence of defects in the concrete has potential great threat to engineering. Common ultrasonic nondestructive testing methods include a pulse echo method, an ultrasonic rebound synthesis method and the like.
The ultrasonic wave resilience synthesis method mainly combines an ultrasonic meter and a resiliometer to distinguish the sound time value and the resilience value, can reflect the surface state of the concrete and can reflect the internal structure condition of the concrete. The disadvantage is that the measurement accuracy is low and still needs to be improved further. The pulse echo method is a traditional detection method, has simple principle, is easy to operate and has low precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for exciting and detecting the defects of the concrete by using a square grid phased ultrasonic array, which can realize accurate positioning of the defects of the concrete.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for exciting and detecting concrete defects by square grid phased ultrasonic arrays comprises the following steps:
s01, selecting a square area with proper concrete surface as a target area;
s02, setting an ultrasonic phased array according to the selected target area, wherein the ultrasonic phased array comprises a plurality of transducer array elements which are arranged in a square grid manner, and dispersing the concrete to be detected into points;
s03, dividing the concrete area by using a grid phased ultrasonic array, using a middle transducer array element as an emission source to diffuse outwards, using an outer ring transducer array element as a receiver to detect, and detecting the defect positions of other areas by translating the ultrasonic phased array;
s04, phase control focusing is carried out on each point in the defect after dispersion by using the selected array element plane, and meanwhile, the waveform dispersion and the phase control focusing imaging of a single focus are introduced to obtain the image of each point in the defect and the position information of each point in the defect in the depth direction, namely, the defect positioning is completed.
In S02, the ultrasonic phased array has an 8 × 8 array structure.
In S03, 4 transducer elements in the 1 × 1 grid are used as transmission sources, and probes of transducer elements around the 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 grids are used as receivers.
In step S04, in order to determine the phase control delay time of each array element on the two-dimensional surface, the transverse and lateral sound beam focusing and deflection are obtained by using the single-focus scanning sound field, and the calculation method is as follows;
xf＝zftanθf,yf＝zftanφf (2)
zf＝[F2/(1+tan2θf+tan2φf)]1/2 (3)
in the above formula, [ theta ]fTransverse deflection angle of focus, phifFor lateral deflection angle, F for focal length, xf、yfAnd zfCorresponding to the x, y and z direction distances of the origin of coordinates to the focal point F of the acoustic beam.
The acoustic waves emitted by each array element of the transducer reach a focus at the same time, namely, the collective focusing is realized, and the phase control delay value of each array element is as follows:
wherein (x)c,yc,zc) Is a reference point for calculating the phase control delay value, usually taking the center of the array transducer as the reference point, so the delay value of the central array element usually takes 0. c is the internal sound velocity of the workpiece, tijRepresenting the coordinate (x) of a point in the array transducerij,yij0) acoustic transit time of the array element ij to the focal point.
In S04, energy deposition at the time-space field r of the L focal scans:
in the formula, H' (r)l)＝H(rl)/|H(rl) I, representing the vector divided by its modulo vector, Q (r, N)l) Indicates the number of sub-pulses as NlAnd when the array finishes sending the corresponding excitation vibration velocity matrix, energy deposition is carried out at the space field point r. H (r) is a forward propagation operator, HH(r1) Is a focal position of r1Complex vibration velocity vector, H 'excited by time-array element'H(r1) Is the vector divided by its modulo vector, HH(r) is the conjugate transpose of H (r).
The phase control focusing imaging rule is as follows:
in the formula, htx,rxSignal amplitude, x, of echoes corresponding to transmit-receive array elementstxFor transmitting array element coordinates, xrxTo receive the array element coordinates, I is the pixel value in the imaging result graph, and x and z are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the focusing point.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for exciting and detecting concrete defects by a square grid phased ultrasonic array. When the detection is carried out, a concrete target area is selected firstly, and then array elements with proper specifications are selected to form a square grid distribution. The 1 x 1 grid point is used as an emission source, a probe of a square position grid arranged on the periphery is used as a receiving end to perform phase-controlled focusing on the defects, so that a defect curve in the concrete is formed, the defects in the concrete can be accurately positioned, and the positioning range and the positioning efficiency are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a "square" grid phased ultrasound array of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an array schematic of an expanded peripheral arrangement of a square grid phased ultrasound array of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the application of the grid phased ultrasound array in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional control map of a two-dimensional array acoustic beam of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the following examples are only for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention provides a method for excitation and detection of concrete defects by square grid phased ultrasonic array, comprising the following steps:
selecting a proper square area on the surface of the concrete as a target area.
And step two, setting an ultrasonic phased array according to the selected target area, wherein the ultrasonic phased array comprises a plurality of transducer elements, and the transducer elements in the ultrasonic phased array can be used as both a transmitter and a receiver. The transducer array elements are arranged in a square grid to form a planar array with 1 equal array element, and are arranged in a square form in a measured concrete area, and the concrete to be measured is dispersed into points. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic phased array is an 8 × 8 array structure, and an appropriate array element interval is selected according to the size of a workpiece, so that the three-dimensional concrete is changed into a two-dimensional planar mesh structure.
And thirdly, dividing the concrete area by using a grid phased ultrasonic array, using a middle transducer array element as an emission source to diffuse outwards, using an outer ring transducer array element as a receiver to detect, and detecting the defect positions of other areas by translating the ultrasonic phased array. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, 4 transducer elements in a 1 × 1 grid serve as transmission sources, and probes of transducer elements around a 3 × 3 or 5 × 5 grid serve as receivers. As shown in fig. 3, in combination with fig. 3, the array elements are placed on the concrete surface in the form of a square grid, so that more accurate defect positioning is obtained in the form of multiple transmission and multiple reception.
After the position of the defect in the concrete is determined, the area within the array element grid is subjected to phase control focusing processing based on a phase control focusing technology. The array element array area contains all information of internal defects of concrete, detailed defect information can be obtained only by carrying out phase control focusing processing on the lower area of the plane, complex three-dimension is simplified to be processed in simpler two-dimension, workload can be reduced, detection speed is improved, and detection accuracy is guaranteed.
And step four, performing phase control focusing on each point in the dispersed defects by using the selected array element plane, taking 4 transducer array elements in the emission source as excitation to emit ultrasonic signals, and receiving echo signals of all the transducer array elements by using the peripheral square unknown probe each time. According to the difference of corresponding wave curves in the transmitting transducer array element and the receiving transducer array element, the grid where the defect is located is further judged so as to position the defect.
In order to determine the phase control delay time of each array element of the two-dimensional surface, transverse and lateral sound beam focusing and deflection are obtained by utilizing a single-focus scanning sound field, and the calculation mode is as follows;
xf＝zftanθf,yf＝zftanφf (2)
zf＝[F2/(1+tan2θf+tan2φf)]1/2 (3)
in the above formula, [ theta ]fTransverse deflection angle of focus, phifFor lateral deflection angle, F is focal length, as shown in FIG. 4, xf、yfAnd zfCorresponding to the x, y and z direction distances of the origin of coordinates to the focal point F of the acoustic beam.
The acoustic waves emitted by each array element of the transducer reach a focus at the same time, namely, the collective focusing is realized, and the phase control delay value of each array element is as follows:
wherein c is the sound velocity inside the workpiece, (x)c,yc,zc) Is a reference point for calculating the phase control delay value. The center of the array transducer is usually taken as a reference point, so the delay value of the central array element is usually taken to be 0. t is tijRepresenting the coordinate (x) of a point in the array transducerij,yij0) to the focal point, as shown in fig. 4.Δ tijRepresenting the phase control delay values of the array elements ij.
Under the reasonable array element layout, each array element needs to retransmit phase shift waveforms with new amplitude and phase every time the focus position is changed, and the speed of switching the focus position is relatively slow. The invention is based on a waveform diversity method of single focus scanning to realize the focusing of a plurality of array elements.
Energy deposition at the spatio-temporal field r of the L focal scans:
in the formula, H' (r)l)＝H(rl)/|H(rl) And | representing that the vector is divided by the modulus vector, and the modulus values of all elements in the corresponding array excitation vibration velocity matrix are 1, namely the excitation signal amplitudes of all array elements are equal and do not change along with the number of the sub-pulses. The problem of limitation of focus change during single-focus scanning is solved. Q (r, N)l) Indicates the number of sub-pulses as NlAnd when the array finishes sending the corresponding excitation vibration velocity matrix, energy deposition is carried out at the space field point r. H (r) is a forward propagation operator, HH(r1) Is a focal position of r1Complex vibration velocity vector, H 'excited by time-array element'H(r1) Is the vector divided by its modulo vector, HH(r) is the conjugate transpose of H (r).
The phase control focusing imaging rule is as follows:
in the formula, htx,rxSignal amplitude, x, of echoes corresponding to transmit-receive array elementstxFor transmitting array element coordinates, xrxTo receive the array element coordinates, I is the pixel value in the imaging result graph, and x and z are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the focusing point.
The invention detects concrete by introducing a square grid transducer array. And converts the three-dimensional defect problem into a two-dimensional planar mesh problem. Detection is performed by intermediate out-diffusion while the translation means is used to detect other areas. When the phase control focusing is carried out, a waveform diversity method is introduced on the basis of a single-focus scanning mode to realize the focusing of a plurality of array elements. The phased delay of each array element can be determined, the limitation that each array element needs to retransmit a phase-shifted waveform with a new amplitude and phase when the focal position is changed every time during single-focus scanning can be avoided, and meanwhile, the single-focus waveform diversity method can also deposit acoustic energy emitted by the ultrasonic array in a selected area and reduce energy entering the surrounding area.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for exciting and detecting concrete defects by square grid phased ultrasonic arrays is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s01, selecting a square area with proper concrete surface as a target area;
s02, setting an ultrasonic phased array according to the selected target area, wherein the ultrasonic phased array comprises a plurality of transducer array elements which are arranged in a square grid manner, and dispersing the concrete to be detected into points;
s03, dividing the concrete area by using a grid phased ultrasonic array, using a middle transducer array element as an emission source to diffuse outwards, using an outer ring transducer array element as a receiver to detect, and detecting the defect positions of other areas by translating the ultrasonic phased array;
s04, phase control focusing is carried out on each point in the defect after dispersion by using the selected array element plane, and meanwhile, the waveform dispersion and the phase control focusing imaging of a single focus are introduced to obtain the image of each point in the defect and the position information of each point in the defect in the depth direction, namely, the defect positioning is completed.
2. The method for exciting and detecting the defects of the concrete by the square grid phased ultrasonic array according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S02, the ultrasonic phased array has an 8 × 8 array structure.
3. The method for exciting and detecting the defects of the concrete by the square grid phased ultrasonic array according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S03, 4 transducer elements in the 1 × 1 grid are used as transmission sources, and probes of transducer elements around the 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 grids are used as receivers.
4. The method for exciting and detecting the defects of the concrete by the square grid phased ultrasonic array according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S04, in order to determine the phase control delay time of each array element on the two-dimensional surface, the transverse and lateral sound beam focusing and deflection are obtained by using the single-focus scanning sound field, and the calculation method is as follows;
xf＝zftanθf,yf＝zftanφf (2)
zf＝[F2/(1+tan2θf+tan2φf)]1/2 (3)
in the above formula, [ theta ]fTransverse deflection angle of focus, phifFor lateral deflection angle, F for focal length, xf、yfAnd zfCorresponding to the x, y and z direction distances of the origin of coordinates to the focal point F of the acoustic beam.
5. The method for excitation and detection of concrete defects by square grid phased ultrasonic array according to claim 4, wherein: the acoustic waves emitted by each array element of the transducer reach a focus at the same time, namely, the collective focusing is realized, and the phase control delay value of each array element is as follows:
wherein (x)c,yc,zc) Is a reference point for calculating phase control delay value, c is the sound velocity inside the workpiece, tijRepresenting the coordinate (x) of a point in the array transducerij,yij0) acoustic transit time of the array element ij to the focal point.
6. The method for exciting and detecting the defects of the concrete by the square grid phased ultrasonic array according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S04, energy deposition at the time-space field r of the L focal scans:
in the formula, H' (r)l)＝H(rl)/|H(rl) I, representing the vector divided by its modulo vector, Q (r, N)l) Indicates the number of sub-pulses as NlEnergy deposition at the spatial field point r, H (r) being a forward propagation operator, H (r), when the array finishes transmitting the corresponding excitation velocity matrixH(r1) Is a focal position of r1Complex vibration velocity vector, H 'excited by time-array element'H(r1) Is the vector divided by its modulo vector, HH(r) is the conjugate transpose of H (r).
7. The method for excitation and detection of concrete defects by square grid phased ultrasonic array according to claim 5, wherein: the phase control focusing imaging rule is as follows:
in the formula, htx,rxSignal amplitude, x, of echoes corresponding to transmit-receive array elementstxFor transmitting array element coordinates, xrxTo receive the array element coordinates, I is the pixel value in the imaging result graph, and x and z are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the focusing point.
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| CN111077227B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-11-02 | 华南理工大学 | Ultrasonic array scanning inversion method, system, storage medium and equipment |
| CN110988143A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第二工程有限公司 | Tunnel concrete segment defect detection method and device |
| CN111044569B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2023-01-24 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第二工程有限公司 | Tunnel concrete structure defect detection method |
| CN111257429B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2023-07-04 | 济南大学 | Cobweb-like sensor array layout method and application thereof in concrete health monitoring |
| CN111307945B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2023-07-21 | 上海工程技术大学 | Imaging method and device for detecting ballastless track near-surface defects based on ultrasonic array |
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| CN111855812A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Laser electromagnetic ultrasonic imaging system and method |
| CN112798686B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-04-05 | 西安交通大学 | Lamb wave phased array focusing imaging method based on frequency response function |
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| CN113075298B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2024-03-29 | 重庆交通大学 | Concrete microcrack detection method based on laser ultrasonic technology |
| CN113391057B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-09-09 | 中冶南方城市建设工程技术有限公司 | Concrete surface hole defect characterization equipment and use method thereof |
| CN113834875A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-24 | 四川升拓检测技术股份有限公司 | Elastic wave tomography detection method and system based on three-dimensional hexagonal body survey line arrangement |
| CN115856087B (en) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-05-19 | 南昌航空大学 | Full-focusing imaging method based on longitudinal wave transmitting-receiving ultrasonic phased array probe |
| CN117805247A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-04-02 | 广东融创高科检测鉴定有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method and system for concrete defects |
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