CN105353039A - Phased array longitudinal wave testing method of butt weld joints - Google Patents
Phased array longitudinal wave testing method of butt weld joints Download PDFInfo
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- CN105353039A CN105353039A CN201510809534.3A CN201510809534A CN105353039A CN 105353039 A CN105353039 A CN 105353039A CN 201510809534 A CN201510809534 A CN 201510809534A CN 105353039 A CN105353039 A CN 105353039A
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- phased array
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electric system, especially to a phased array longitudinal wave testing method of butt weld joints. The phased array longitudinal wave testing method of butt weld joints is a brand-new ultrasonic testing method, and is mainly used in ultrasonic testing of butt weld joints for image presentation of internal defect features. According to the invention, weld reinforcement of a butt weld joint is rubbed down to make the weld reinforcement keep consistent with the surface of a workpiece so as to achieve a certain fineness; a coupling agent is applied between a probe and the surface of a workpiece which needs to be detected; and inside of the weld is detected from cross section of the weld joint from top to bottom by the utilization of longitudinal wave sent out from the phased array probe, and scanning results show the weld's inside defects in the form of images. According to the invention, 100% complete coverage primary wave detection can be realized; there exists no dead zone which cannot be detected; inside defects of butt weld joints can be better imaged, and analysis and judgment of defects are assisted; and the phased array testing means is widely developed and applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of power systems, particularly relate to a kind of phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint, the phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint is a kind of brand-new Ultrasonic Detection mode, is mainly used in the Ultrasonic Detection of butt welded joint.The feature of inherent vice is presented with image.
Background technology
At present, the detection mode of butt welded joint Ultrasonic Detection mode many employings shear wave oblique incidence, shear wave itself has that directive property is good, resolving power is high and detection sensitivity advantages of higher.When detecting, the frequency of angle probe and different refraction angles to be selected according to the thickness of workpiece, the tangent value of angle probe refraction angle is exactly the K value of the probe that we often say, requires that or two-sided bilateral butt welded seam one-sided at the one side of weld seam carries out scanning according to examination criteria.Corresponding national examination criteria has been implemented for many years, this detection mode still very system, very perfect.
Phased array imaging detection technique has the developing history of nearly more than 20 years, and the initial stage is mainly used in medical field, is applied to industrial nondestructive testing afterwards.Be that a detection company of Canada is developed into product the earliest, purchased afterwards by Olympus, phased array checkout equipment best is at present also from Olympus, and domestic Ye Youduo company produces.In the past because equipment price is expensive, practical application was little, and along with the fast development of electronic technology and computer technology, properties of product rise, and price reduces, and popularizes gradually, and phased array imaging detection technique is also the developing direction in Non-Destructive Testing future simultaneously.The principle of ultrasonic phase array utilizes electronic technology to control inner multiple (64) piezoelectric chip of probe, by certain rule and sequential excitation ultrasound ripple, then receives and carry out signal syntheses, then synthesis result being shown with the form of imaging.
In the Non-Destructive Testing of butt welded joint, shear wave oblique incidence mode is all adopted to detect, corresponding national examination criteria is also formulated according to it, and current phased array imaging detection technique adds voussoir at phased array probe compressional wave is converted into shear wave to detect butt welded joint.
Phased-array technique is the one of ultrasonic technology, and maximum advantage is can imaging in testing process.Phased array imaging system is that the principle running into reflections off objects imaging according to ultrasound wave is developed, and probe is placed on surface of the work, produces the sound wave entering workpiece, also accepts the ultrasound wave be reflected back, so just create corresponding image.In the phased array ultrasonic detection of weld seam, way in the past adds organic glass voussoir, and phased array probe is changed into transverse wave double-bevel detector, adopts traditional mode to detect.This detection mode is tentatively referred to as the phased array shear wave detection mode of butt welded joint.It was compared with former single angle angle probe, and advantage is that its angle is no longer single, is adjustable, and can carry out scanning at a sector region, the angle probe being equivalent to multiple angle detects simultaneously.Also linear scanning can be carried out in same rake angle wide cut.Advantage is exactly large owing to covering the cross section detected more in addition, and the track of probe movement, does serrate unlike single angle angle probe and move, but only do move along weld seam rectilinear direction just passable, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.
Because it is that phased array probe is converted into transverse wave double-bevel detector to use, the detection of complex that shear wave oblique incidence cannot be avoided to bring, easily causes erroneous judgement.The more important thing is the advantage not giving full play to phased array imaging, its image generated is torsional deformation, can not the actual conditions of reaction defect strictly according to the facts.Its image is only for reference when detecting, and is not enough to as direct video evidence.
The inferior position of this detection mode have following some:
The first, the existence in dead band.As shown in Figure 3, when weld seam bilateral detects, primary reflection can not scanning to detection be referred to as dead band.Although secondaries can be utilized in theory to carry out scanning to dead band by the reflection of bottom surface, if but bottom surface structure is complicated, as pipe welding seam both sides wall thickness not uniform thickness, mismatch, have processing platform or have thinning slope time, all can affect secondaries reflection detect accuracy.
The second, due to the existence in dead band, can not 100% complete detection weld seam truly.If the side of weld seam be the equipment such as elbow, threeway or valve can not bilateral detect time, also there will be undetected region.
3rd, the erroneous judgement of root of weld defect.The reflection wave that transverse wave double-bevel detector receives when the root of weld detects is complicated, there is the reflection wave of root of weld structure, the reflection wave of defect, if exist weld seam both sides wall thickness not uniform thickness, mismatch, processing platform or thinning slope time, when incident wave and structure reflects face reach certain angle, also likely waveform transformation occurs, incident shear wave is understood some and is converted into compressional wave, the deformation wave namely often said.The key of defect is passed judgment in the kind of right area sub reflector ripple and multi-faceted checking flaw echo size and orientation.The erroneous judgement of root of weld defect is the main contributor that Ultrasonic Detection false drop rate is high.
4th, act.std is all according to the reflection wave height of standard reflection body (such as long horizontal through hole, hyphen through hole) as a reference, carrys out setting-out subregion and formulates the quality grade detected.Pulse A sweep digital supersonic instrument also cannot determine the actual size of defect, shape and direction.Just compared with the reflection wave height of standard reflection body by the reflection wave height of defect, judge the grade of defect.In addition, reflection wave height can not the actual size of actual response defect, and when incident wave is vertical with the plane of reflection of defect, at this time reflected energy is maximum, and it is the highest to reflect wave height.When the plane of reflection of incident wave and defect is angled, reflected energy is not maximal value, and reflection wave height neither be the highest.Simple passes judgment on defect also Shortcomings with reflection wave height, also needs to judge according to the position of defect and the type of defect.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, the invention provides a kind of phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint, its objective is and a kind of imaging technique utilizing ultrasonic phased array is provided, carry out all standing from top to bottom by the cross section of compressional wave Welded Joints to detect and can real time imagery, the 100% all standing primary reflection realized truly detects, and there is not the detection method in any dead band that can't detect.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: polished by the weld reinforcement of butt welded joint, makes the reinforcement of butt welded joint and surface of the work be consistent, and reaches certain smooth finish; At probe and need to apply couplant between the surface of the work that detects, make to keep good contact between probe and workpiece, minimizing ultrasound wave enters the loss of energy after workpiece;
Step 2: the compressional wave utilizing phased array probe to send is top-down from welding joint cross section detects weld seam inside, and this detection mode is referred to as the phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint;
Step 3: utilize the imaging technique that phased array is outstanding, presents weld seam inherent vice by scanning result with the form of image.
The scanning mode of described phased array compressional wave detection mode has two kinds, and one is vertical linearity scanning, and another kind is sector scan.
Described detection method comprises the following steps:
First the weld reinforcement of butt welded joint is polished off, make it to flush with weld seam both sides surface of the work to be consistent, by surface finish to having certain smooth finish, and popping one's head in and applying couplant between the surface of the work that needs detect, be conducive to like this keeping good contact between probe and workpiece, reduce the loss that ultrasound wave enters energy after workpiece;
Now, utilize the compressional wave of phased array probe to detect weld seam inherent vice from top to bottom from the top of weld seam, this detection mode is referred to as the phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint; This detection mode is similar to the color ultrasound in medical domain;
The detection image of phased array is as the evidence of display defect, and the judgement of defect and grade classification, detect again with pulse A sweep ultrasonic instrument, to judge and the division of grade according to Ultrasonic Testing Standards to defect.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect as follows:
The first, owing to taking the vertical linearity scanning mode from weld seam top to root, truly can reach 100% comprehensive spreadability primary reflection and detect, there is not undetected region.
The second, imaging is true, can the actual conditions of reaction defect strictly according to the facts, and image not only as the real example of defect, also as inspection record, can can file and put on record.
3rd, according to image, the actual size and shape that defect can be estimated, for later defect analysis provides foundation.
4th, root of weld defect more easily identifies, is not easy to occur erroneous judgement.Combine with Article 1, significantly can improve Detection job, reduce False Rate.Compared with detecting with shear wave bevel angle ultrasonic, reduce detection difficulty.
The present invention utilizes the imaging technique of ultrasonic phased array, and carrying out all standing detection from top to bottom by the cross section of compressional wave Welded Joints also can real time imagery.The 100% all standing primary reflection that can realize truly detects, and there is not any dead band that can't detect.Compare conventional phased array to detect, can the better imaging of Welded Joints inherent vice, for analyzing and judging that defect is offered help.Ultrasonic detection technology developing direction develops into digital ultrasonic flaw detector from the analog ultra-sonic defect detector of pulsed A sweep, then to phased configuration ultra-sonic defect detector.But in the past due to reasons such as apparatus expensive, phased-array technique can not get development and popularized.In actual carrying out flaw detection, can not be fully played and be utilized.But along with the production domesticization of equipment, price reduces further, and phased array detection means can be made to be developed widely and apply.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the sector scan of phased array shear wave detection mode in prior art detects schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the linear scanning of rake angle of phased array shear wave detection mode in prior art detects schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the detection schematic diagram of shear wave oblique incidence detection mode;
Fig. 4 is that the vertical linearity scanning of phased array compressional wave detection mode of the present invention detects schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that the sector scan of phased array compressional wave detection mode of the present invention detects schematic diagram schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the actual Detection results figure of phased array compressional wave detection mode of the present invention.
In figure: workpiece 1, butt welded joint 2, probe 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, will be described in detail preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the present invention is a kind of phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint, is that the reinforcement of welding joint is polished, and adopts compressional wave to detect.Which utilizes existing equipment to detect, and is in the past not utilize compressional wave to detect butt welded joint like this.
Specifically comprise the following steps:
Step 1: polished by the weld reinforcement of butt welded joint 2, is consistent with workpiece 1 surface, and reaches certain smooth finish; At probe 3 and need to apply couplant between workpiece 1 surface detected, be conducive to keeping good contact between probe and workpiece, minimizing ultrasound wave enters the loss of energy after workpiece;
Step 2: the compressional wave utilizing phased array probe to send is top-down from welding joint cross section detects weld seam inside, and this detection mode is referred to as the phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint; The scanning mode of phased array compressional wave detection mode has two kinds, and one is vertical linearity scanning, and another kind is sector scan; Be directed to weld seam detection, more with vertical linearity scanning;
Step 3: utilize the imaging technique that phased array is outstanding, presents weld seam inherent vice by scanning result with the form of image.
During concrete enforcement, first the weld reinforcement of butt welded joint 2 is polished off, make it to flush with workpiece 1 surface, weld seam both sides to be consistent, by surface finish to having certain smooth finish, and couplant is applied between workpiece 1 surface that probe 3 and needs detect, be conducive to like this keeping good contact between probe 3 and workpiece 1, reduce the loss that ultrasound wave enters energy after workpiece.Now, utilize the compressional wave of phased array probe to detect weld seam inherent vice from top to bottom from the top of weld seam, this detection mode is referred to as the phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint.This detection mode is very similar to the color ultrasound in medical domain.
At present, owing to not being directed to the relevant criterion that phased array detects, directly defect rank can not be passed judgment on the detection image of phased array.Based on this point, the detection image of phased array is only as the evidence of display defect.As for judgement and the grade classification of defect, also need again to detect with pulse A sweep ultrasonic instrument, according to associated ultrasonic examination criteria defect judged and the division of grade.
Current phased array imaging technique effect is not also very good, and some places image fog is fine and smooth not, and some places affect imaging by reflecting interface and deform, some places by angle affect do not receive reflection wave can not imaging.So, based on existence conditions, need to do a large amount of experiments to deepen the understanding and accumulate experience.
As shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 is 30 millimeters thick test plate (panel)s, groove type X-type.3 defects can be clearly seen in the image at section of weld joint place, but the distortion brought due to instrument scanning mode, the size and shape of defect truly can't be reflected at the width of defect and short transverse.Some significants are the image features of the root of weld in addition.Bottom peony part is the ultrasonic reflection on the summit of weld reinforcement, its inclined-plane, both sides due to the reason instrument of reflection angle does not receive reflected signal can not imaging, therefore there is interrupted state.Observe the region above root again, thoroughly clear, there is no defect.The effect of this image is that normal pulsed A sweep ultra-sonic defect detector is not accomplished, from image, better distinguish defect, the identification of root state is also more prone to.
Claims (3)
1. the phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: polished by the weld reinforcement of butt welded joint (2), makes the reinforcement of butt welded joint (2) and workpiece (1) surface be consistent, and reaches certain smooth finish; Probe (3) with need to apply couplant between workpiece (1) surface detected, make to keep good contact between probe and workpiece, minimizing ultrasound wave enters the loss of energy after workpiece;
Step 2: the compressional wave utilizing phased array probe to send is top-down from welding joint cross section detects weld seam inside, and this detection mode is referred to as the phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint;
Step 3: utilize the imaging technique that phased array is outstanding, presents weld seam inherent vice by scanning result with the form of image.
2. the phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the scanning mode of described phased array compressional wave detection mode has two kinds, and one is vertical linearity scanning, and another kind is sector scan.
3. the phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described detection method comprises the following steps:
First the weld reinforcement of butt welded joint (2) is polished off, make it to flush with workpiece (1) surface, weld seam both sides to be consistent, by surface finish to having certain smooth finish, and couplant is applied between workpiece (1) surface that probe (3) and needs detect, be conducive to like this keeping good contact between probe (3) and workpiece (1), minimizing ultrasound wave enters the loss of energy after workpiece;
Now, utilize the compressional wave of phased array probe to detect weld seam inherent vice from top to bottom from the top of weld seam, this detection mode is referred to as the phased array compressional wave detection mode of butt welded joint; This detection mode is similar to the color ultrasound in medical domain;
The detection image of phased array is as the evidence of display defect, and the judgement of defect and grade classification, detect again with pulse A sweep ultrasonic instrument, to judge and the division of grade according to Ultrasonic Testing Standards to defect.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107941917A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-04-20 | 哈尔滨电气动力装备有限公司 | Use the method for phased array detection overlay cladding |
| CN110308202A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-10-08 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of station boiler monowall tube weld seam supersonic detection method |
| CN112305073A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-02 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for crack of sliding pair weld toe of boiler heated surface pipe |
| CN114888405A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-12 | 阳江核电有限公司 | Method for eliminating defects of large heat-resistant steel special-shaped welded joint of nuclear power station on line |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110308202A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-10-08 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of station boiler monowall tube weld seam supersonic detection method |
| CN112305073A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-02 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for crack of sliding pair weld toe of boiler heated surface pipe |
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| CN114888405A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-12 | 阳江核电有限公司 | Method for eliminating defects of large heat-resistant steel special-shaped welded joint of nuclear power station on line |
| CN114888405B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-12-05 | 阳江核电有限公司 | Method for online eliminating defects of special-shaped welding joint of large heat-resistant steel in nuclear power station |
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