CN102809610A - Phased array ultrasonic testing method based on improved dynamic depth focusing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-destructive testing and particularly discloses a phased array ultrasonic testing method based on improved dynamic depth focusing. The method comprises the following five steps of: performing phased array ultrasonic transmission and reception, discriminating a defect, calculating delay time, post-processing echo signals and reconstructing a B type drawing. The ultrasonic echo signals are accurately focused to the position of the defect, so that the problem that the defect is difficult to identify when the signal-to-noise ratio of a reflection echo signal of the defect is too low can be solved; by the method, the problem that the deviation exists between an ideal focus and an actual focus because a material of a tested workpiece is nonuniform can be effectively solved, and the testing resolution of phased array ultrasonic testing of layered media and anisotropic media can be effectively improved; and by the method, the problems that ultrasonic imaging results are fuzzy and distorted due to errors of hardware systems such as phased array flaw detectors can also be solved, and the quality of phased array ultrasonic imaging can also be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nondestructive testing, be specifically related to a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth.
Background technology
Non-Destructive Testing (nondestructive testing) is called for short NDT; Be to be prerequisite not damage the conformability that is verified object; Use multiple physical principle and chemical phenomenon; Various construction materials, parts, structural member are effectively checked and tested, so as to continuity, integrality, safe reliability and some physical property of estimating them.Five conventional big lossless detection methods mainly contain ray detection, ultrasound detection, infiltration detection, magnetic detection, EDDY CURRENT.
Ultrasound detection (UT) is to utilize probe excitation ultrasound wave to pass in the workpiece to be checked through couplant coupling back; When ultrasound wave runs into defective, can produce phenomenons such as reflection, refraction, the modes such as variation of the energy amplitude through analyzing reflection wave or transmitted wave, the velocity of sound, signal frequency detect.
The phased array ultrasonic detection technology is to control each array element in the transducer array through the electronics mode; According to certain time delay; Transmit and receive ultrasound wave regularly; Thereby control ultrasonic beam deflection and focusing in seized workpiece realize the Non-Destructive Testing to material, and it comprises that phased array supersonic transmits and receives two parts.The principle of work of phased array supersonic emission is based on Huygens-Frensel principle, and when each array element during by the pulse excitation of same frequency, institute's ultrasonic waves transmitted will interfere and form the composite wave front, thereby in the space, form stable ultrasonic field; If change the driving pulse time of each array element, make them according to certain emission time delay, then according to Huygens' principle, institute's ultrasonic waves transmitted can be synthesized new wave front in the space stack, thereby realizes characteristics such as acoustic beam deflection or focusing.According to principle of reciprocity, phased array also is to reach with the method that postpones when receiving, and the mistiming that arrives each array element according to echo is carried out compensation of delay to each array element reception information, stacks up then, thereby obtains the reflection echo on certain target direction; Simultaneously, the methods such as phase place, amplitude control and acoustic beam formation through each array element can form multiple phased effects such as dynamic focusing, change aperture, change mark.
When phased array ultrasonic detection; Because there is deviation in the real velocity of sound of material to be detected with the supposition velocity of sound; Or material to be detected exists coarse-grain, anisotropy, the heterogeneity of acoustic beam when situation such as non-homogeneous causes ultrasonic signal to be propagated; The capital causes the distortion of phased array supersonic composite signal in the ultrasonic signal communication process, thereby sound beam focusing and the synthetic difficulty of acoustic beam when causing defects detection have had a strong impact on the spatial resolution and the contrast of phased array supersonic imaging.
Summary of the invention
To the problem that exists in the prior art; The present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth; The ultrasound echo signal that adopts each array element reception in the phased array normal probe is as feedback signal; Defect information through extracting in the signal obtains the time difference that flaw echo arrives the several adjacent array elements nearest apart from defective, then according to the time difference of these several array elements, need not to encourage once more ultrasound wave; Only need postpone to handle to the reception signal of these several array elements, the echoed signal that just makes this several array element and received focuses on defective locations.Adjust receive delay time of array element according to the echoed signal of actual reception, realize the accurate focusing of acoustic beam, can effectively improve the detection resolution of defective at defective locations.
The present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth; Wherein, The pick-up unit that this detection method needs comprises phased array supersonic defectoscope and phased array normal probe; Wherein the phased array supersonic defectoscope is electrically connected with the phased array normal probe, and the phased array normal probe is the one-dimensional linear probe with a plurality of array element wafers.Detection method specifically comprises following step:
The concrete operations of cross-correlation method comprise following step:
(1) a nearest array aperture of this defective locations of selected distance is with the data of a nearest ultrasound echo signal that array element is received in step 1 of this this defective of array aperture middle distance signal x (n) (n=0,1 as a reference; 2 ... The data of N-1), getting the ultrasound echo signal that other the arbitrary array element in this array aperture received in step 1 are as measured signal y (n) (n=0,1; 2 ... N-1), n representes the position in the sequence, and N is that the collection of each array element reception ultrasound echo signal in the step 1 is counted; For thickness is h; Longitudinal wave velocity is the workpiece to be detected of c, when the SF of phased array supersonic defectoscope is M, and N=(2h/c) * M;
(2) the cycle period length that the circular correlation computing is set is L, and L >=2N-1 is with reference signal x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... N-1) and measured signal y (n) (n=0,1,2 ... N-1) zero padding to length is L respectively; To the reference signal x after the zero padding (n) (n=0,1,2 ... L-1) and measured signal y (the n) (n=0 after the zero padding; 1,2 ... L-1) carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) and obtain X (k) (k=0,1; 2 ... L-1) and Y (k) (k=0; 1,2 ... L-1), wherein the reference signal x (n) after X (k) the expression zero padding from becoming the sequence of frequency-region signal after time-domain signal is done Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT); Measured signal y (n) after Y (k) the expression zero padding is from becoming the sequence of frequency-region signal after time-domain signal is done Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT), and k representes the position among the X (k) and Y (k) sequence after the Fourier transform;
(3) X (k) is done conjugate operation; Conjugate operation result and Y (k) are multiplied each other as plural number; Result after the complex multiplication is cross correlation function R (k); Again R (k) is made Fast Fourier Transform Inverse (FFTI) (IFFT), extracts its real part R (τ), then R (k) when getting maximal value the τ among the pairing real part R (τ) be exactly the time difference of desired reference signal and measured signal.
(4) successively the data of other array element ultrasound echo signal that receives in step 1 in this array aperture are carried out the calculating of (1)～(3) as measured signal respectively; Try to achieve in this array aperture each array element with respect to the time difference of reference signal, these time differences are the time delay that each array element in the selected array aperture receives the defect reflection echoed signal.
The phased array ultrasonic detection method that the present invention proposes not only is applied to only to exist the detection of the workpiece to be detected of a defective, also is applied to exist the detection of the workpiece to be detected of two above defectives.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth; Ultrasound echo signal is accurately focused on defective locations, can solve the problem of crossing the defect recognition difficulty that is caused when hanging down when the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of defect reflection echoed signal;
(2) the present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth; Can effectively solve because the inhomogeneous problem that causes desirable focus and actual focal spot to have deviation of seized workpiece material; For the phased array ultrasonic detection of stratified medium and anisotropic medium, can effectively improve detection resolution;
(3) the present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth, can reduce problems such as the caused ultrasonic imaging result of hardware system error such as phased array defectoscope is fuzzy, distortion, improves the phased array supersonic image quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows phased array linear scan mode;
Fig. 2 shows the phased array dynamic depth type of focusing;
The synthesis mode of ultrasound echo signal when Fig. 3 shows the focusing of phased array dynamic depth;
Fig. 4 shows definite method of the array aperture nearest apart from defective;
Fig. 5 shows the synoptic diagram that carries out the focal position adjustment to defective locations.
Embodiment
To combine accompanying drawing and embodiment that the present invention is done further detailed description below.
The present invention adopts the phased array normal probe to detect workpiece to be detected; Handle the time difference that obtains these several array elements of flaw echo arrival through the ultrasound echo signal that adjacent several array elements are received; Then these several array elements reception signals being postponed to handle makes the reception echoed signal focus on defective locations; This detection method has revised effectively that the seized material velocity of sound is inhomogeneous, there are problems such as deviation in real velocity of sound and the supposition velocity of sound, has improved the precision of focus point.
The present invention proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth; Wherein, The pick-up unit that this detection method needs comprises phased array supersonic defectoscope and phased array normal probe; Wherein the phased array supersonic defectoscope is electrically connected with the phased array normal probe, and the phased array normal probe is the one-dimensional linear probe with a plurality of array element wafers.Detection method specifically comprises following step:
The concrete operations of cross-correlation method comprise following step:
(1) a nearest array aperture of this defective locations of selected distance is with the data of a nearest ultrasound echo signal that array element is received in step 1 of this this defective of array aperture middle distance signal x (n) (n=0,1 as a reference; 2 ... The data of N-1), getting the ultrasound echo signal that other the arbitrary array element in this array aperture received in step 1 are as measured signal y (n) (n=0,1; 2 ... N-1), n representes the position in the sequence, and N is that the collection of each array element reception ultrasound echo signal in the step 1 is counted; For thickness is h; Longitudinal wave velocity is the workpiece to be detected of c, when the SF of phased array supersonic defectoscope is M, and N=(2h/c) * M;
(2) the cycle period length that the circular correlation computing is set is L, and L >=2N-1 is with reference signal x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... N-1) and measured signal y (n) (n=0,1,2 ... N-1) zero padding to length is L respectively; To the reference signal x after the zero padding (n) (n=0,1,2 ... L-1) and measured signal y (the n) (n=0 after the zero padding; 1,2 ... L-1) carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) and obtain X (k) (k=0,1; 2 ... L-1) and Y (k) (k=0; 1,2 ... L-1), wherein the reference signal x (n) after X (k) the expression zero padding from becoming the sequence of frequency-region signal after time-domain signal is done Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT); Measured signal y (n) after Y (k) the expression zero padding is from becoming the sequence of frequency-region signal after time-domain signal is done Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT), and k representes the position among the X (k) and Y (k) sequence after the Fourier transform;
(3) X (k) is done conjugate operation; Conjugate operation result and Y (k) are multiplied each other as plural number; Result after the complex multiplication is cross correlation function R (k); Again R (k) is made Fast Fourier Transform Inverse (FFTI) (IFFT), extracts its real part R (τ), then R (k) when getting maximal value the τ among the pairing real part R (τ) be exactly the time difference of desired reference signal and measured signal;
(4) successively the data of other array element ultrasound echo signal that receives in step 1 in this array aperture are carried out the calculating of (1)～(3) as measured signal respectively; Try to achieve in this array aperture each array element with respect to the time difference of reference signal, these time differences are the time delay that each array element in the selected array aperture receives the defect reflection echoed signal.
The phased array ultrasonic detection method that the present invention proposes not only is applied to only to exist the detection of the workpiece to be detected of a defective, also is applied to exist the detection of the workpiece to be detected of two above defectives.
Embodiment:Present embodiment proposes a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth, comprises following step:
Adopt the phased array dynamic depth to focus on (DDF) mode and receive ultrasound echo signal; The dynamic depth type of focusing realizes through the initial depth of focus, the termination depth of focus and three parameters of depth of focus stepping that the phased array defectoscope is set; The wherein initial depth of focus determines that with the thickness of the termination depth of focus by workpiece to be detected depth of focus stepping is by the accuracy of detection decision that requires.Through above-mentioned setting; The phased array defectoscope at first calculates value time delay that the ultrasound echo signal that reflects different depths of focus position arrives each array element in each array aperture; Then after each array element of each array aperture receives echoed signal; Value time delay of each depth of focus position that focuses on through the control dynamic depth; Just can make the echo acoustic beam from different depths of focus position be in focus state, the dynamic depth type of focusing of phased array is as shown in Figure 2, each depth of focus position when an array aperture being shown among the figure doing dynamic depth and focus on.Successively each array element received signal in each array aperture is synthesized processing; Obtain the ultrasonic composite signal of 3E/4+1 array aperture; The signal synthesis mode of one of them array aperture is as shown in Figure 3; The 1st is example with the 2nd depth of focus position in focusing on dynamic depth respectively among the figure, shows the ultrasound echo signal that each array element in the array aperture is received and does dynamic depth and focus on the process that a branch of ultrasonic signal is merged in processing.
Data in step 2, the ultrasonic composite signal that each array aperture in the step 1 is obtained characterize with brightness (or color); Obtain a two-dimensional section figure of workpiece to be detected; Being Type B shows; Owing to include the information of the reflection echo of workpiece upper and lower surfaces to be detected in the Type B displayed map, therefore from Type B figure, can determine the two-dimensional position information of defective.
During an array aperture emission; The same flaw echo that each array element received in this array aperture, though the property of there are differences in time, because from same reflecting body; And in the essentially identical medium of parameters,acoustic, propagate; Therefore have correlativity, utilize this correlativity can estimate the time difference of each array element reception defect reflection echoed signal in the selected array aperture, concrete operations are:
(1) a nearest array aperture of this defective locations of selected distance; With the data of a nearest ultrasound echo signal that array element is received of this this defective of array aperture middle distance signal as a reference, be defined as x (n) (n=0,1 in step 1; 2 ... N-1); The data of getting the ultrasound echo signal that other the arbitrary array element in this array aperture received in step 1 are defined as y (n) (n=0,1 as measured signal; 2 ... N-1); As shown in Figure 4, the phased array normal probe with 32 array element wafers among the figure is an example, and wherein nearest apart from defective locations array aperture is the 18th array aperture (the 18th ~ No. 25 array element); The data of the ultrasound echo signal that is received with an array element nearest apart from defective (No. 21 array element) are signal as a reference, and the data of the ultrasound echo signal that arbitrary array element is received in step 1 in all the other array elements (the 18th ~ 20 and 22 ~ No. 25 array element) are as measured signal.N value wherein is that the collection that receives ultrasound echo signal is counted, determines by the actual sound path of measured workpiece, and be h for thickness, longitudinal wave velocity is the measured workpiece of c, when the SF of phased array defect-detecting equipment is M, N=(2h/c) * M.For example 60mm is thick, and longitudinal wave velocity is the measured workpiece of 5900m/s, and when the SF of phased array defect-detecting equipment was 100MHz, the value of N was 2034;
(2) the cycle period length that the circular correlation computing is set is L, and L >=2N-1 is with x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... N-1) and y (n) (n=0,1,2 ... N-1) zero padding to length is L respectively, then becomes x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... L-1) and y (n) (n=0,1,2 ... L-1);
(3) to x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... L-1) and y (n) (n=0,1,2 ... L-1) carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) respectively and obtain X (k) (k=0,1,2 ..., L-1) and Y (k) (k=0,1,2 ..., L-1);
(4) X (k) is done conjugate operation; Conjugate operation result and Y (k) are multiplied each other as plural number; The result of complex multiplication is defined as autocorrelation function R (k); R (k) is remake Fast Fourier Transform Inverse (FFTI) (IFFT), extracts its real part R (τ), then R (k) when getting maximal value the τ among the pairing real part R (τ) be exactly the time difference of desired this measured signal and reference signal.
The data of getting all the other E/4-2 ultrasound echo signals that tested passage receives respectively are as measured signal; Adopt above-mentioned 4 steps; Can be in the hope of the time difference of each measured signal with respect to reference signal, these time differences are the time delay of each array element in the selected array aperture.
Claims (6)
1. phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth is characterized in that: comprise following step:
Step 1, phased array supersonic transmit and receive step:
The phased array defectoscope is set; Carry out the linear electron scanning of phased array, the selected element number of array of emission/reception ultrasound wave and the step value of linear electron scanning are set once, it is workpiece lower surface to be detected that phased array normal probe emission ultrasound wave focal position is set simultaneously; It is the dynamic depth type of focusing that the phased array normal probe receives the ultrasound echo signal mode; Through above-mentioned setting, the phased array defectoscope becomes an emission array aperture with a plurality of array elements adjacent in the phased array normal probe, and all array elements in each array aperture are controlled; The value emission time delay ultrasound wave that each array element in the array aperture is calculated according to the phased array defectoscope; Simultaneously, each array element in this array aperture all receives ultrasound echo signal, value time delay of each depth of focus position when dynamic depth that calculates according to the phased array defectoscope focuses on; These ultrasound echo signals are carried out dynamic depth focusing processing merge into a branch of ultrasonic signal; Be the ultrasonic composite signal of this array aperture, control each array aperture successively and transmit and receive ultrasound wave, obtain the ultrasonic composite signal of each array aperture;
Step 2, defective discriminating step:
Data in the ultrasonic composite signal of each array aperture acquisition in the step 1 characterize through brightness or color; Obtain the Type B displayed map of workpiece to be detected; Owing to include the information of the reflection echo of workpiece upper and lower surfaces to be detected in the Type B displayed map, therefore from Type B figure, can determine the two-dimensional position information of defective;
Step 3, time delay calculation procedure:
Defective locations information according to principium identification in the step 2; The array aperture that this defective locations of selected distance is nearest; The ultrasound echo signal that in step 1, is received according to each array element in this array aperture; Extract the echo information of this defective locations, the ultrasound echo signal that receives same defect reflection according to each array element in this array aperture has the principle of correlativity, utilizes cross-correlation method to calculate ultrasound wave and arrives the time difference of each array element this array aperture from this defective locations;
Step 4, echoed signal post-processing step:
According to the selected time delay that obtains in the step 3 apart from each array element in the nearest array hole warp of defective; Each depth of focus position when dynamic depth that is provided with in the set-up procedure one focuses on; Make the ultrasound echo signal that each array element received in the selected array aperture focus on defective locations; Carry out again synthetic the processing through the ultrasound echo signal that each array element in the selected array aperture is received, form the new ultrasonic composite signal of this array aperture;
Step 5, Type B figure reconstruction step:
The ultrasonic composite signal that this array aperture in the formed new ultrasonic composite signal alternative steps one of array aperture selected in the step 4 is obtained, and repaint Type B figure and be used for defect recognition.
2. a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth according to claim 1 is characterized in that: utilize cross-correlation method to calculate ultrasound wave in the step 3 and be specially from the time difference that this defective locations arrives each array element this array aperture:
(1) a nearest array aperture of this defective locations of selected distance is with the data of a nearest ultrasound echo signal that array element is received in step 1 of this this defective of array aperture middle distance signal x (n) (n=0,1 as a reference; 2 ... The data of N-1), getting the ultrasound echo signal that other the arbitrary array element in this array aperture received in step 1 are as measured signal y (n) (n=0,1; 2 ... N-1), n representes the position in the sequence, and N is that the collection of each array element reception ultrasound echo signal in the step 1 is counted; For thickness is h; Longitudinal wave velocity is the workpiece to be detected of c, when the SF of phased array supersonic defectoscope is M, and N=(2h/c) * M;
(2) the cycle period length that the circular correlation computing is set is L, and L >=2N-1 is with reference signal x (n) (n=0,1,2 ... N-1) and measured signal y (n) (n=0,1,2 ... N-1) zero padding to length is L respectively; To the reference signal x after the zero padding (n) (n=0,1,2 ... L-1) and measured signal y (the n) (n=0 after the zero padding; 1,2 ... L-1) carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and obtain X (k) (k=0,1; 2 ... L-1) and Y (k) (k=0; 1,2 ... L-1), wherein the reference signal x (n) after X (k) the expression zero padding from becoming the sequence of frequency-region signal after time-domain signal is done Fast Fourier Transform (FFT); Measured signal y (n) after Y (k) the expression zero padding is from becoming the sequence of frequency-region signal after time-domain signal is done Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and k representes the position among the X (k) and Y (k) sequence after the Fourier transform;
(3) X (k) is done conjugate operation; Conjugate operation result and Y (k) are multiplied each other as plural number; Result after the complex multiplication is cross correlation function R (k); Again R (k) is made Fast Fourier Transform Inverse (FFTI), extracts its real part R (τ), then R (k) when getting maximal value the τ among the pairing real part R (τ) be the time difference of desired reference signal and measured signal;
(4) successively the data of other array element ultrasound echo signal that receives in step 1 in this array aperture are carried out (1)～(3) calculating in step as measured signal respectively; Try to achieve in this array aperture each array element with respect to the time difference of reference signal, these time differences that obtained are the time delay that each array element receives the defect reflection echoed signal in the selected array aperture.
3. a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the step value of linear electron scanning is 1 array element in the described step 1.
4. a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step 1 once the selected element number of array of emission/reception ultrasound wave be 1/4 of phased array normal probe element number of array.
5. a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the method for extracting the echo information of this defective locations in the described step 3 is to add the window function that is used to extract internal information between the given area in rectangle time window mode or the digital signal processing arbitrarily.
6. a kind of phased array ultrasonic detection method that focuses on based on improved dynamic depth according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: this phased array ultrasonic detection method not only is applied to only to exist the detection of the workpiece to be detected of a defective, also is applied to exist the detection of the workpiece to be detected of two above defectives.
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