CN105699486B - A kind of detection method of inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth - Google Patents
A kind of detection method of inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth Download PDFInfo
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- CN105699486B CN105699486B CN201610076998.2A CN201610076998A CN105699486B CN 105699486 B CN105699486 B CN 105699486B CN 201610076998 A CN201610076998 A CN 201610076998A CN 105699486 B CN105699486 B CN 105699486B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
Abstract
The detection method of a kind of inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth, for face crack there are two types of form, one is vertical surface crackle, another for inclination surface crackle, two kinds of face cracks equal generally existing in actual industrial structure.Face crack may be at opening, be closed or different conditions therebetween, further increases the difficulty of ultrasound examination, reduces the reliability of testing result.The inclination surface crack that the purpose of the present invention is be directed in test specimen, stepping measurement is carried out using line focus ultrasonic transducer in the horizontal direction, it determines the propagation path of inclination surface crack deflection echo, makes it possible to more accurately measure the angle of inclination of inclination surface crackle and depth in test specimen.The present invention has the following advantages：Inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth survey are accurate in test specimen；Any destruction is not carried out to test specimen structure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, and in particular to a kind of to inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth
Detection method.
Background technology
The non-destructive testing of crackle is always commercial Application and the important topic of scientific research, particularly face crack, due to
Its occurrence probability is high, big to the harmfulness of structure safety, therefore, develops a kind of science, reliable methods and techniques, realizes surface
The detection of crackle and the measurement of crack depth are the targets that academia is continually striving to for a long time.Form that there are two types of face cracks,
One is vertical surface crackle, another for inclination surface crackle, two kinds of face cracks equal generally existing in actual industrial structure.
Face crack may be at opening, be closed or different conditions therebetween, further increase difficulty, the drop of ultrasound examination
The low reliability of testing result.The purpose of non-destructive testing is：(a) presence of face crack is detected；(b) surface is measured to split
The depth and shape of line.(a) work of item is easier to, there are many method can be realized with technology, and the work of (b) item
It is then extremely difficult, it is still the problem for failing to be fully solved in academic research so far.
There are some ready-made modes currently for the measurement of face crack shape and depth, such as surface wave or surface wave diffraction
With the measurement method of scattering, but feasibility and accuracy still have the problem of very big.The purpose of the present invention is be directed in test specimen
Inclination surface crack (including angle of inclination and depth), using line focus ultrasonic transducer to test specimen carry out horizontal direction
Stepping measurement determines the propagation path of inclination surface crack deflection echo, makes it possible to more accurately measure inclination surface crackle
The angle of inclination of defect and depth.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the inspections of inclination surface crack (including angle of inclination and depth) in material
Survey problem proposes the detection method of a kind of accurate inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth.
To achieve these goals, this method employs following scheme：
Step 1)：Establish the formula for calculating inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth
Fig. 1 is the detects schematic diagram of inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth, the biography of inclination surface crack deflection echo
Path is broadcast as vertical transmission to inclination surface crackle and the beam path that is returned by original route, it can be according to equation below calculating oblique angle
The tilt angle theta of face crackf：
Wherein：VSTo be detected the longitudinal wave velocity of test block, displacement distances of the Δ z for X-direction line focus ultrasonic transducer, Δ
T is that energy converter moves the inclination surface crack deflection echo time variable quantity after Δ z.
Behind the angle of inclination for acquiring inclination surface crackle, then the inclination surface crack depth immediately below ultrasonic transducer center
h：
Wherein：tfFor the inclination surface crack deflection echo time that energy converter receives, tDThe test specimen received for energy converter
The upper surface direct reflection echo time.
Step 2)：Test system building
In order to facilitate X-direction stepping measurement, the test system of a set of horizontal stepping measurement of carry out is built, as shown in Figure 2.
The test system mainly includes：Sample (1), sink (2), energy converter (3), X-axis mobile platform (4), pulse excitation/receiving instrument
(5), oscillograph (6), gpib bus (7), PXI general control systems (8), shift servo motor (9).Wherein, in X-axis mobile platform
(4) be mounted below energy converter (3), energy converter (3) is connected with pulse excitation/receiving instrument (5), pulse excitation/receiving instrument (5) with
Oscillograph (6) is connected, and oscillograph (6) is connected by gpib bus (7) with PXI general control systems (8), PXI general control systems (8)
It is connected with shift servo motor (9).Water is filled in the sink (2), sample (1) is placed on the bottom of sink (2).
Step 3)：Start position data acquires
Test specimen containing inclination surface crackle is placed in below line focus ultrasonic transducer, energy converter is located at a left side for test specimen
Side.Pulse excitation/receiving instrument (5) is converted to reception state after the pulse that a bandwidth is 10-50MHz is sent out, when receiving
After reflecting signal, by signal transmission into oscillograph (6), the sample frequency of oscillograph is fs, fsFor 0.5-5GHz, sampling number is
Ns, NsValue range be 10000-100000 points.After the low-pass filtering of oscillograph, by gpib bus (7) store into
PXI general control systems (8).
Step 4)：X-direction stepping measurement
Energy converter horizontal direction is moved into a distance, delta z0, Δ z0Value range for 0.5-1mm, after the completion of to be moved
Carry out data acquisition, sample frequency fs, sampling number Ns.Energy converter level is moved right Δ z again after acquisition0Into
Row data acquire, and so move in circles, and the value range of displacement distance z, z are 15-100mm altogether, therefore will obtain M group voltage numbers
According to M is by z and Δ z0It codetermines, is 15-200 groups.
Step 5)：The inclination surface crackle echo time is fitted
First echo that oscillograph receives is the direct reflection echo in test specimen upper surface, because inclination surface crackle is trying
The top of part bottom surface so second echo is inclination surface crack deflection echo, and then determines upper surface during different location
With the reflection echo time of inclination surface crackle.
Step 6)：Inclination surface crack inclination angle degree calculates
By the vertical of energy converter moving displacement Δ z, inclination surface crack deflection echo time variable quantity and test specimen in X direction
Wave velocity of wave VSBring formula (1) into, you can acquire the angle of inclination of inclination surface crackle.
Step 7)：Inclination surface crack depth calculates
When energy converter is located at a certain any position above inclination surface crackle, the existing upper surface of reflection echo signal is reflected back
Wave has inclination surface crack deflection echo again, by upper surface and inclination surface crackle echo time tDWith tf, the longitudinal wave velocity of test specimen
VSWith the tilt angle theta of inclination surface cracklefBring formula (2) into, you can acquire inclination surface crackle immediately below energy converter center
Depth.
The present invention has the following advantages：1) inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth survey are accurate in test specimen；2) it is not right
Test specimen structure carries out any destruction.
Description of the drawings
The detects schematic diagram of Fig. 1 inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth；
The horizontal stepping measurement system schematics of Fig. 2；
Fig. 3 initial positions time domain waveform；
10 ° of inclination surface crack deflection echo time domain waveform stacking charts of Fig. 4.
In figure：1st, sample, 2, sink, 3, energy converter, 4, X-axis mobile platform, 5, pulse excitation/receiving instrument, 6, oscillograph,
7th, gpib bus, 8, PXI general control systems, 9, shift servo motor.
Specific embodiment
Present disclosure is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific example：
Step 1)：Establish inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth calculation formula
Working method inspires ultrasonic signal for energy converter, and coupled dose of water travels to test specimen upper surface, in test specimen upper table
Face occurs refraction and travels to inclination surface crackle, and be returned to piezoelectric membrane by inclination surface crack deflection is received in itself by energy converter
It arrives.Black heavy line with the arrow is the inclination surface crack deflection echo propagation path that energy converter receives in Fig. 1.Work as energy converter
When moving Δ z along X-direction, the propagation distance of sound wave in water is constant, and the inclination surface crack deflection that energy converter receives returns
Wave time variation amount is Δ t, and then can travel to the distance variable quantity of inclination surface crackle by test specimen upper surface in the hope of sound wave
ΔS.In Δ OAB, Δ S and Δ z are it is known that be then easy to acquire the angle of θ, and the tilt angle theta of inclination surface cracklefWith θ
It is equal, then inclination surface crack inclination angle degree：
Wherein：VSTo be detected the longitudinal wave velocity of test block, displacement distances of the Δ z for X-direction line focus ultrasonic transducer, Δ
T is the inclination surface crack deflection echo time variable quantity moved horizontally after Δ z.
Sound wave is from test specimen upper surface to the propagation distance inclination surface crackle：
The angle of inclination of known inclination surface crackle, in Δ OCD, according to the cosine law, ultrasonic transducer center just under
Square inclination surface crack depth：
Wherein：tfFor the inclination surface crack deflection echo time that energy converter receives, tDThe test specimen received for energy converter
The upper surface direct reflection echo time.
Step 2)：Test system building
In order to facilitate X-direction stepping measurement, the test system of a set of horizontal stepping measurement of carry out is built, as shown in Figure 2.
The test system mainly includes：Sample (1), sink (2), energy converter (3), X-axis mobile platform (4), pulse excitation/receiving instrument
(5), oscillograph (6), gpib bus (7), PXI general control systems (8), shift servo motor (9).Wherein, in X-axis mobile platform
(4) energy converter (3) is installed below, energy converter (3) is connected with pulse excitation/receiving instrument (5), and pulse excitation/receiving instrument (5) is with showing
Wave device (6) be connected, oscillograph (6) is connected by gpib bus (7) with PXI general control systems (8), PXI general control systems (8) and
Shift servo motor (9) is connected.
Step 3)：Start position data acquires
Steel material test specimen containing inclination surface crack defect is placed in below line focus ultrasonic transducer, oblique angle in test specimen
Face crack angle of inclination is 10 °, and energy converter is located at the left side of test specimen.Pulse excitation/receiving instrument (5) is sending out a bandwidth
Reception state is converted to after the pulse of 10-50MHz, after reflection signal is received, by signal transmission into oscillograph (6), oscillography
The sample frequency of device is fs, fsFor 5GHz, sampling number Ns=10000.After the low-pass filtering of oscillograph, pass through GPIB
Bus (7) is stored into PXI general control systems (8), and initial position time domain waveform is as shown in Figure 3.
Step 4)：X-direction stepping measurement
Energy converter is moved into a distance, delta z in the horizontal direction0=1mm carries out voltage data acquisition after the completion of to be moved,
Energy converter is moved to Δ z in the horizontal direction again after acquisition0=1mm carries out data acquisition, sample frequency fs=5GHz, sampling
Points Ns=10000, it so moves in circles, moves 20mm altogether, therefore 21 groups of voltage datas will be obtained.
Step 5)：The inclination surface crackle echo time is fitted
The position for energy converter of upper surface echo being found out when will be separated with inclination surface crackle echo, after drawing this position
Reflection echo time domain waveform stacking chart, as shown in solid black lines in Fig. 4, black dotted lines are intended for inclination surface crackle echo straight line
It closes, because being horizontally oriented movement, upper surface echo time point is identical.Continuous six groups of inclination surfaces crackle is therefrom selected to return
The larger reflection echo signal of wave amplitude, table 1 are test specimen upper surface and inclination surface crack deflection echo in six groups of signals
Time.
The 1 direct reflection echo in test specimen upper surface of table and inclination surface crack deflection echo time
Step 6)：Inclination surface crack inclination angle degree calculates
Move horizontally the inclination surface crack deflection echo time variation delta t after Δ z=1mm：
Δ t=tf(i+1)-tf(i) (1)
Wherein i is energy converter moving displacement, takes 4 to 8 successively.
It brings the inclination surface crack deflection echo time variation delta t of acquirement into formula (1) and can obtain inclination surface
The angle of inclination of crackle.Wherein firm longitudinal wave velocity VS5 inclination surface crack inclination angle degree θ are calculated in=5900m/sf,
It respectively 9.95 °, 9.85 °, 9.78 °, 9.47 °, 10.3 °, is then averaged, you can obtain more accurately inclination surface crackle and incline
Rake angle is θf=9.88 °, testing inspection result is with actually matching.
Step 7)：Inclination surface crack depth calculates
Upper surface brings formula (2) into the inclination surface crack deflection echo time when energy converter is located at different location, i.e.,
The depth h of inclination surface crackle immediately below energy converter center under different location can be acquired, as shown in table 2：
Inclination surface crack depth immediately below 2 energy converter center of table
The present invention has the following advantages：1) inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth survey are accurate in test specimen；2) it is not right
Test specimen structure carries out any destruction.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of detection method of inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth, it is characterised in that：The implementing procedure of this method is such as
Under,
Step 1)：Establish the formula for calculating inclination surface crack inclination angle degree and depth；
The tilt angle theta of inclination surface crackle is calculated according to equation belowf：
Wherein：VSTo be detected the longitudinal wave velocity of test specimens, Δ z is the displacement distance of X-direction line focus ultrasonic transducer, and Δ t is
Inclination surface crack deflection echo time variable quantity after energy converter movement Δ z；
Behind the angle of inclination for acquiring inclination surface crackle, then calculated according to equation below oblique immediately below ultrasonic transducer center
Angle surface crack depth h：
Wherein：tfFor the inclination surface crack deflection echo time that energy converter receives, tDThe sample upper table received for energy converter
The face direct reflection echo time；
Step 2)：Test system building；
In order to facilitate X-direction stepping measurement, the test system of a set of horizontal stepping measurement of carry out is built, the test system packet
It includes：Sample (1), sink (2), energy converter (3), X-axis mobile platform (4), pulse excitation/receiving instrument (5), oscillograph (6), GPIB
Bus (7), PXI general control systems (8), shift servo motor (9)；Wherein, it is mounted below transducing in X-axis mobile platform (4)
Device (3), energy converter (3) are connected with pulse excitation/receiving instrument (5), and pulse excitation/receiving instrument (5) is connected with oscillograph (6), shows
Wave device (6) is connected by gpib bus (7) with PXI general control systems (8), PXI general control systems (8) and shift servo motor
(9) it is connected；In the sink (2) bottom of sink (2) is placed on full of water, sample (1)；
Step 3)：Start position data acquires；
Sample containing inclination surface crackle is placed in below line focus ultrasonic transducer, energy converter is located at the left side of sample；Arteries and veins
Impulse encourages/and receiving instrument (5) is converted to reception state after the pulse that a bandwidth is 10-50MHz is sent out, when receiving reflection letter
After number, by signal transmission into oscillograph (6), the sample frequency of oscillograph is fs, fsFor 0.5-5GHz, sampling number Ns, Ns's
Value range is 10000-100000 points；After the low-pass filtering of oscillograph, stored by gpib bus (7) into PXI master controls
System (8) processed；
Step 4)：X-direction stepping measurement；
Energy converter X-direction is moved into a distance, delta z0, Δ z0Value range for 0.5-1mm, it is to be moved after the completion of into line number
According to acquisition, sample frequency fs, sampling number Ns；Energy converter level is moved right Δ z again after acquisition0Carry out data
Acquisition, so moves in circles, and the value range of displacement distance z, z is 15-100mm altogether, therefore will obtain M group voltage datas, M by
Z and Δ z0It codetermines, is 15-200 groups；
Step 5)：The inclination surface crackle echo time is fitted；
First echo that oscillograph receives is the direct reflection echo in sample upper surface, because inclination surface crackle is at sample bottom
The top in face, so second echo is inclination surface crack deflection echo, and then determine at different location upper surface with tiltedly
The reflection echo time of angle surface crackle；
Step 6)：Inclination surface crack inclination angle degree calculates；
The inclination surface crack deflection echo time after displacement distance Δ z, the energy converter movement Δ z of energy converter in X direction is become
The longitudinal wave velocity V of change amount and sampleSBring formula (1) into, you can acquire the angle of inclination of inclination surface crackle；
Step 7)：Inclination surface crack depth calculates；
When energy converter is located at a certain any position above inclination surface crackle, the existing upper surface reflection echo of reflection echo signal is again
There is inclination surface crack deflection echo, by upper surface and inclination surface crackle echo time tDWith tf, the longitudinal wave velocity V of sampleSWith
The tilt angle theta of inclination surface cracklefBring formula (2) into, you can acquire the depth of inclination surface crackle immediately below energy converter center
Degree.
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