CN104655728B - A kind of acoustics phased array imaging method - Google Patents
A kind of acoustics phased array imaging method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of acoustics phased array imaging method, methods described includes：Launch and receive using phase array transducer full aperture, form virtual source, improve sound field energy, so as to improve signal to noise ratio, the resolution ratio of imaging is then ensure that using virtual source building-up process.The acoustics phased array imaging method that the present invention is provided, there is provided higher resolution ratio and more preferable image quality while overcoming the lateral resolution of traditional phased array imaging to decline problem as depth declines.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to acoustic imaging techniques field, more particularly to a kind of acoustics phased array imaging method.
Background technology
In linear scan model, the sub-aperture of regular length is equidistantly moved horizontally, and each focus is in its correspondence
On the axis in aperture, and in same depth, each focus is considered as virtual source, therefore the distribution of each virtual source constitutes one virtually
Shown in linear array, such as Fig. 1 (a).The mode synthesized using virtual source results in the consistent resolution ratio of depth.The spoke of each virtual source
Direction is penetrated each along sub-aperture axis, angle of release is same fixed value, angle of release size is determined by F numbers, F numbers are focal length and the ratio in aperture
Value, F numbers are to influence the principal element of image quality.And for phased array imaging, shown in such as Fig. 1 (b), each scan line is by complete
Received in Common Aperture, the angle of release of virtual source is together decided on by aperture size, the depth of focus and scan deflection angle, therefore no longer
It is fixed value, and now there is no the F number concepts on ordinary meaning.
Phased array imaging can utilize less transducer, under conditions of not moving or moving less, to larger tested
Sector scanning is imaged, thus is used widely in medical science and industrial detection, and such as in medical imaging, probe is placed on into rib
Gap, can be to the Thoracic Organs real time imagery such as heart；In Non-Destructive Testing, it is imaged using phased array shear wave, detects position
Defect in 40 °~70 ° directions, the detection in these regions is often what other method was difficult to.But phased array imaging only exists
Preferable resolution ratio could be obtained in focal zone, as investigation depth increases, the main lobe width of wave beam is consequently increased, and can be led
Lateral resolution is caused to decline.
The problem of for acoustics phased array imaging resolution ratio with change in depth (decline), mainly there are two methods at present：
First using fixed-focus transmitting, and the point-by-point focusing on single received scanline improves the resolution ratio under different depth；Second sweeps
When retouching using transducer array full aperture launch with receive, entirely spatially point-by-point focusing be imaged, i.e., so-called total focus into
Image space method (Total Focus Method, TFM), is taken as " golden standard " of image quality in terms of imaging.The first side
Method uses fixed-focus due to transmitting, so the resolution ratio on different depth is inconsistent, and as depth increases, under resolution ratio
Drop；Second method is received, it is necessary to which single array element transmitting, signal to noise ratio is relatively low, and the fortune of post processing due to being launched using full aperture
It is larger.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a kind of acoustics phased array imaging method, is overcoming the transverse direction of traditional phased array imaging
There is provided higher resolution ratio and more preferable image quality while resolution ratio declines problem as depth declines.
To achieve the above object, this application provides a kind of acoustics phased array imaging method, this method includes：
A) focused transmitting acoustic signals using acoustic transducer array, respectively to each in the acoustic transducer array
Individual array element carries out energized process according to the first delay, and the acoustics wave beam to control transmitting is focused on and deflected；
B the acoustic signals after propagation and scattering) are received using the acoustic transducer array, the sound is obtained
Learn the reception signal of each array element of transducer array；
Digital processing is carried out according to the first delay to the reception signal respectively, sound radio frequency reading line number evidence is obtained；
C step A) is repeated) and B), in same depth position according to the equiangularly spaced setting focus pair of set angle
Acoustic signals carry out transmission and reception processing, obtain the sound radio frequency reading line number evidence of each focus；
D) the sound radio frequency reading chosen spatial point, calculate the different angles of the covering spatial point any in imaging region
Focus corresponding to line reaches the second delay of the spatial point；
E) to cover the spatial point the sound radio frequency reading line number of institute according to synthesis processing is carried out, obtain high-resolution and height
The scan line of contrast；
F) scan line to the high-resolution and high-contrast is filtered processing and image is converted, and obtains the phased system of battle formations
Picture.
The acoustics phased array imaging method that the application is provided, has the advantages that：1) relative to golden standard TFM side
Method, due to using whole array emitters and reception, improving the signal to noise ratio of signal, adding investigation depth；2) due to using phase
Battle array focus virtual source synthetic method is controlled, can solve the problem that as depth increases the problem of resolution ratio is inadequate, reach a wide range of resolution ratio one
The imaging purpose of cause；3) due to using adaptive virtual source synthetic method in phased array virtual source building-up process, so as to improve phase
The proportion of dry energy, realizes high-resolution phased array imaging.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the difference schematic diagram of linear scan imaging and phased array imaging in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the acoustics phased array imaging method flow chart that the embodiment of the present application one is provided；
Fig. 3 is the phased array imaging virtual source geometric figure that the embodiment of the present application one is provided；
As r≤R in the phased array imaging method that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present application onevShi Youxiao virtual sources aperture is solved
Schematic diagram；
Work as r in the phased array imaging method that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present application one>RvShi Youxiao virtual sources aperture, which is solved, to be shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 6 is the phased array imaging method image quality contrast schematic diagram that TFM is provided with the embodiment of the present application one；
Fig. 7 is TFM and the phased virtual source resolution ratio contrast of phased array imaging method of the offer of the embodiment of the present application one is illustrated
Figure；
Fig. 8 is TFM and the phased virtual source imaging actual effect pair of phased array imaging method of the offer of the embodiment of the present application one
Compare schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below by drawings and examples, the technical scheme to the application is described in further detail.
In the phased array imaging method of the present invention, launch and receive first by phase array transducer full aperture, formed
Virtual source, is improved sound field energy, so as to improve signal to noise ratio, the resolution of imaging is then ensure that using virtual source building-up process
Rate.Scan line imaging process is divided into two benches when system is realized：First stage is scanned in phased array mode, the hair of each angle
Penetrate focus identical with receiving focal position, each reception array element Wave beam forming obtains a radio frequency (Radio Frequency, RF) and swept
Line is retouched, wherein transmitting and the focus received can be used as virtual source；Second stage realizes that virtual source is synthesized, and utilizes several to each imaging point
What position, calculates delay of the information in different RF scan lines, by a plurality of RF scan lines to the information superposition that should be put,
So as to obtain the information of imaging point.
Fig. 2 is the acoustics phased array imaging method flow chart that the embodiment of the present application one is provided.As shown in Fig. 2 methods described
Specifically include：
Step S101, is focused transmitting acoustic signals using acoustic transducer array, respectively to acoustic transducer battle array
Each array element in row carries out energized process according to the first delay, and the acoustics wave beam to control transmitting is focused on and deflected.
Specifically, being focused transmitting acoustic signals using acoustic transducer array, acoustic transducer carries out electroacoustic conversion, obtains
To acoustical signal.Obtained delay is calculated according to geometry to electric signal and carries out wave beam focusing and deflection, thus play Wave beam forming and
Increase the effect of signal to noise ratio.
Step S102, receives the acoustic signals after propagation and scattering using the acoustic transducer array, obtains
To the reception signal of each array element of acoustic transducer array；Numeral is carried out according to the first delay to the reception signal respectively
Processing, obtains sound radio frequency reading line number evidence；
Specifically, focused reception acoustic signals using acoustic transducer array, acoustic transducer receive acoustic signals it
Afterwards, data signal is converted acoustic signals into, obtained delay is calculated according to geometry to data signal carries out wave beam focusing and deflection,
Obtain sound radio frequency reading line number evidence.
Step S103, repeats step S101 and S102, equiangularly spaced according to set angle in same depth position
Setting focus to acoustic signals carry out transmission and reception processing, obtain the sound radio frequency reading line number evidence of each focus.
Step S104, it is any in imaging region to choose spatial point, calculate the sound of the different angles of the covering spatial point
Focus corresponding to radio frequency reading line reaches the second delay of the spatial point.
Specifically, for any spatial point in imaging region, calculating covers sweeping for each different angle of the spatial point
Retouch the delay that each focus corresponding to line reaches the spatial point.
Step S105, the sound radio frequency reading line number of institute to covering the spatial point obtains high score according to synthesis processing is carried out
The scan line of resolution and high-contrast.
Fig. 3 is the phased array imaging virtual source geometric figure that the embodiment of the present application one is provided, as shown in figure 3, for fixation
The phase-array scanning that focus is launched and received, different shadow regions are the corresponding radiation fields region of virtual source A and B respectively.Phase
Control in scanning process, if the distance of origin to each focused spot is Rv, therefore each virtual source is distributed in one section with transducer
Center is on the circular arc in the center of circle.
For a certain target point P (r, θ) in imaging region, virtual source A and B radiated sound field pass through the point, and are located atThe interior equal passing point P of the corresponding radiated sound field of all virtual sources,Virtual source in addition is without point P.Assuming thatIt is interior
Comprising K virtual source, then point P information is also all included in this corresponding echo data of K virtual source.Each virtual source radiation model
Information in enclosing is all contained in the corresponding RF scan lines of the virtual source, on the corresponding information of point P in extraction K bar RF lines, from
And realize the imaging to point P and synthesize.Data Synthesis calculation formula is：
Wherein, θkFor the corresponding sound radio frequency reading line of k-th focus and normal vector angulation, r be between former point-to-point P away from
From W (θk, r) it is weighting window function, θ is the angle of passing point P scan line deviation array normal vector, A (θ, r) for θ's and r
Amplitude equalization function,For the corresponding sound radio frequency reading line of k-th focus,Represent in the K bars sound radio frequency reading line
Extract target point P delay.Calculation formula is：
As r≤RvWhen,
Work as r>RvWhen,
In virtual source building-up process, if the transmitting sound field of virtual source does not pass through target point, then the virtual source pair
The virtual source that may participate in additive process is referred to as effective virtual source by the RF line numbers answered according to the additive process for being not involved in formula (1).For
Effective virtual source aperture of linear scan, aperture size is linearly increasing with the distance of target point and virtual source, and target point depth is
Unique variable, effective virtual source aperture size of same depth different target point is consistent.
As shown in figure 3, effectively virtual source is located atInterior, its pore diameter range is represented by using angle
Aperture sizeNot only influenceed, and changed with θ by depth r.It is given belowWithMethod for solving, and should
For formula (1) Data Synthesis process.
Work as r in the phased array imaging method that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present application one<RvShi Youxiao virtual sources aperture, which is solved, to be shown
It is intended to；Work as r in the phased array imaging method that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present application one>RvShi Youxiao virtual sources aperture solves signal
Figure.
Work as r<RvWhen, shown in such as Fig. 4 (a), if phased array actual size is 2l, target point is P (r, θ), correspondence during θ=0
Orthogonal array direction, ξ1=∠ NOP=pi/2-θ, it is a to make PN length1, derivation can obtain:
In Fig. 4 (b), ξ2=∠ MOP=pi/2+θ, derivation can be obtained：
When r increases and tends to R it can be seen from formula (5) and formula (7)vWhen,WithReduce and tend to 0.Therefore, in Rv
The virtual source aperture of neighbouring depth is minimum, and this variation tendency is identical with the varying aperture trend in linear scan.
Work as r>RvWhen, solveWithGeometrical relationship Fig. 5 shown in.Similar solution can be obtained：
Comprehensive r<RvAnd r>RvTwo kinds of situations, if sign function is
Step S106, the scan line to the high-resolution and high-contrast is filtered processing and image is converted, and obtains
Phased array image.
The acoustics phased array imaging method that the embodiment of the present application is provided, has the advantages that：1) relative to gold mark
Quasi- TFM methods, due to using whole array emitters and reception, improving the signal to noise ratio of signal, adding investigation depth；2) due to
It using phased array focus virtual source synthetic method, can solve the problem that as depth increases the problem of resolution ratio is inadequate, reach a wide range of point
The imaging purpose of resolution unanimously；3) due to using adaptive virtual source synthetic method in phased array virtual source building-up process, so as to carry
The high proportion of coherent energy, realizes high-resolution phased array imaging.
In order to further illustrate the validity of this method imaging, a specific example is provided below point target is imitated
True imaging, the method (phased virtual source) to the present invention contrasts with TFM image quality, and the phased virtual source of quantitative study
Image quality in different F numbers with target point depth and deflection angle change.
| Parameter | Symbol | Value |
| Array number | N | 32 |
| Centre frequency | f0 | 5MHz |
| Sample rate | fs | 50MSPS |
| The velocity of sound | c | 5900m/s |
| Array element interval | d | 0.6mm |
| Array element gap | Kerf | 0.1mm |
| Relative bandwidth | B | 60% |
| Two methods number of scanning lines | Nl | 256 |
| F numbers | F# | 1 |
The simulation parameter table of table 1
For phased virtual source imaging method, the ratio between virtual Depth when taking 0 ° and transducer aperture are as F numbers.Herein
F#=1 is taken, corresponding virtual Depth is 18.6mm.TFM single array element transmittings every time, full aperture is received.Fig. 6 is TFM and this Shen
Please embodiment one provide phased array imaging method image quality contrast schematic diagram, as shown in fig. 6, target point be located at 0 °, 15 ° and
30 °, each 12 point targets in direction, axis depth is using 10mm as starting, at intervals of 10mm.Fig. 6 (a) is 32 array element TFM imagings
Effect, Fig. 6 (b) is the phased virtual source imaging effect of 32 array elements.Contrast is as can be seen that either lateral resolution or axial direction are divided
Resolution, phased virtual source method is superior to the TFM imagings of same array element number.
Fig. 7 is TFM and the phased virtual source resolution ratio contrast of phased array imaging method of the offer of the embodiment of the present application one is illustrated
Figure, as shown in fig. 7, -6dB laterally and axially width of the two methods in each angle and depth.It can be seen that from Fig. 7 (a)
As depth increases, the lateral resolution of two methods is nearly all consistent, but the resolution angle of phased virtual source tends to more
Small value, and phased virtual source obtains the lateral resolution better than TFM in each angle.In addition, two methods have many similar
Characteristic.In near region, angular resolution declines, and this is determined by wavelength length, such as at 10mm, and 5 ° of corresponding length are
0.87mm, and wavelength c/f0 is 1.18mm.But this has no effect on the image quality of near region, if angle is converted into length, near
Field still has preferable lateral length resolution ratio.Simultaneously as can be seen that the lateral resolution of two methods is by target point angle
Influence, optimum resolution is obtained in 0 ° of direction.From Fig. 7 (b) as can be seen that phased virtual source axial direction resolution ratio still better than
TFM methods, two methods are not obvious in the axial resolution change of each angle.
It is portable using 32 channel defects detecting systems and Type B in order to further verify the actual imaging effect of phased virtual source
Formula phased array test block has carried out imaging experiment, and is contrasted with TFM imagings.The system can flexibly set the hair of phased array imaging
Reception focus is penetrated, first stage Wave beam forming and real time imagery is realized, storage RF line numbers are according to the virtual source that can be used for second stage
Synthesis.System is set to store the full array capture data of 32 passages during full aperture drainage pattern (FMC), for post-processing reality
Existing TFM imagings.
In experiment, centre frequency is used for 5MHz 32 array element alignment array transducers, and array element spacing is between 0.6mm, array element
Gap is 0.1mm.System sampling frequency is 50MSPS, phased array imaging transmitting each array element rectangular window weighting, scanning during receiving
Line number mesh is 251, stores each scan-line data and carries out virtual source synthesis in host computer.FMC patterns obtain the reception of a passage
Data, are equally stored and realize that TFM is imaged in host computer.
A pair of reference blocks of the present embodiment are detected, and compared for phased virtual source and TFM imaging effects, Fig. 8 be TFM with
The phased virtual source imaging actual effect contrast schematic diagram of phased array imaging method that the embodiment of the present application one is provided.Fig. 8 (a) is steel
Material is tested test block, comprising different depth and various sizes of horizontal perforation, and longitudinal wave velocity is 5900m/s in steel；Fig. 8 (b) is TFM
Imaging effect, it can be seen that the resolution ratio of different depth is consistent；When Fig. 8 (c) represents the depth of focus for 18.6mm (F#=1)
The imaging of phased virtual source, the resolution ratio of its different depth is equally consistent, and resolution ratio is better than TFM, but such as arrow in figure
It is shown to there is pseudomorphism；Fig. 8 (d) is the phased virtual source imaging that the depth of focus is 30mm (F#=1.6), and now pseudomorphism is pressed down
System.
For in acoustics phased array imaging, as depth increases the problem of resolution ratio is inadequate, the present invention proposes a kind of sound
Learn phased array imaging method.This method is focused using phase array transducer launches and receives sound wave, and focus is then considered as void
Plan source, high-resolution scan line synthesis is completed using virtual source synthesis, finally scan line progress is handled and obtains last image.
This method can solve the problem that as depth increases the problem of resolution ratio is inadequate, reach the imaging purpose of a wide range of resolution ratio unanimously.This
Method can also be generalized to the phased array imaging technology in other application field, such as radar.
Above-described embodiment, purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effect to the application have been carried out further
Describe in detail, should be understood that the embodiment that the foregoing is only the application, be not used to limit the application
Protection domain, all any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements within spirit herein and principle, done etc. all should include
Within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of acoustics phased array imaging method, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
A) focused transmitting acoustic signals using acoustic transducer array, respectively to each battle array in the acoustic transducer array
Member carries out energized process according to the first delay, and the acoustics wave beam to control transmitting is focused on and deflected；
B the acoustic signals after propagation and scattering) are received using the acoustic transducer array, the acoustics is obtained and changes
The reception signal of each array element of energy device array；
Digital processing is carried out according to the first delay to the reception signal respectively, sound radio frequency reading line number evidence is obtained；
C step A) is repeated) and B), in same depth position according to the equiangularly spaced setting focus of set angle to sound wave
Signal carries out transmission and reception processing, obtains the sound radio frequency reading line number evidence of each focus；
D) the sound radio frequency reading line institute for choosing spatial point, calculating the different angles of the covering spatial point any in imaging region
Corresponding focus reaches the second delay of the spatial point；
E) to cover the spatial point the sound radio frequency reading line number of institute according to synthesis processing is carried out, obtain high-resolution and high contrast
The scan line of degree；
F) scan line to the high-resolution and high-contrast is filtered processing and image is converted, and obtains phased array image；
The sound radio frequency reading line number of institute of the described pair of covering spatial point obtains high-resolution and height is right according to synthesis processing is carried out
Scan line than degree is specially：
According to calculation formulaCalculating obtains high-resolution and high contrast
The scan line of degree；
Wherein, θkFor the corresponding sound radio frequency reading line of k-th focus and normal vector angulation, r is origin between the spatial point
Distance, W (θk, r) be weighting window function, θ for Jing Guo the spatial point scan line deviation array normal vector angle, A (θ, r)
For θ and r amplitude equalization function,For the corresponding sound radio frequency reading line of k-th focus,Respectively k-th focus and institute
The coordinate vector of spatial point is stated,The delay of the spatial point is extracted in expression in the K bars sound radio frequency reading line；
Wherein,For aperture size, RvFor the distance of origin to each focused spot, l is the half of phased array size.
2. acoustics phased array imaging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first delay is closed using geometry
It is that calculating is obtained.
3. acoustics phased array imaging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that calculate the covering spatial point not
Reach the second of the spatial point with the focus corresponding to the sound radio frequency reading line of angle and be delayed and be specially：
As r≤RvWhen, according to formulaCalculating obtains second delay；
Work as r>RvWhen, according to formulaCalculating obtains second delay；
Wherein, r is scan line distance, RvFor the distance of origin to each focused spot,Respectively k-th focus and described
The coordinate vector of spatial point, c is the velocity of sound.
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| CN105974427B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2021-05-04 | 上海图漾信息科技有限公司 | Structured light distance measuring device and method |
| CN106525975B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2019-03-01 | 清华大学 | Metal plate actual complex defect magnetosonic array guided wave scattering imaging method |
| EP3447486A1 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Linear-scan ultrasonic inspection apparatus and linear-scan ultrasonic inspection method |
| CN107997784B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2021-01-12 | 声泰特（成都）科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic beam synthesis method and system based on sound velocity adaptive correction |
| CN110231217B (en) * | 2019-05-19 | 2022-05-17 | 中北大学 | Collinear frequency mixing ultrasonic detection method for mechanical property degradation of tank torsion shaft |
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