CN110059371B - Design method of full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array - Google Patents

Design method of full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array Download PDF

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CN110059371B
CN110059371B CN201910249903.6A CN201910249903A CN110059371B CN 110059371 B CN110059371 B CN 110059371B CN 201910249903 A CN201910249903 A CN 201910249903A CN 110059371 B CN110059371 B CN 110059371B
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宋寿鹏
张瑜
吴华清
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Jiangsu University
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Abstract

The invention provides a design method of a full matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array, which comprises the following steps: establishing the spatial sound field distribution P of single array elements of the full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array; establishing array element directivity function D (theta) 1 ，θ 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Solving the effective sound beam width w; determining a rectangular array element length a and a rectangular array element width b; determining an array element distance d; and evaluating the imaging quality of the array according to the given array element number and the effective detection aperture. The invention solves the problem that the existing full-matrix ultrasonic imaging technology has no special sensor array design method, realizes the defect detection effect and imaging quality superior to the conventional phased array, reduces the number of array elements, and improves the detection time efficiency.

Description

Design method of full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transducer array design, in particular to a design method of a full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array.
Background
At present, the structural parameters of a sensor array for full matrix data acquisition mostly follow the criterion that the array element distance in an ultrasonic phased array probe is smaller than half of the ultrasonic wavelength, if the criterion is continuously used in full matrix acquisition, the problem that the array element distance is too small is brought, the array element width is limited, the sound pressure in a sound field is low, and then the detection sensitivity of defects is reduced, even detection is missed; in addition, the array element spacing is too small, so that the number of the array elements needed in determining the effective detection aperture is more, the acquired data volume of the full matrix mode is increased, and the imaging time efficiency is reduced; meanwhile, the manufacturing difficulty of the array is increased, the circuit connection is more complex, and the complexity and the cost of the system are increased. Therefore, continuing to use the phased array structure inevitably results in a problem that the array sound field performance cannot be adapted to the requirements of full matrix imaging.
The prior research results in the field report that the larger the effective detection aperture is, the higher the array detection performance is, but only by increasing the array element spacing, the problem of defect missed detection caused by too small sound pressure in a sound field when the array element spacing is too large and the array element geometric size is too small is mainly verified by experiments in a certain range, and the reliability of the detection result is reduced. Some research results suggest that properly increasing the array element spacing will not have a significant effect on imaging performance, and methods for eliminating grating lobe artifacts are presented. The research results also analyze the influence of the array element width on the sound pressure distribution, and find that when the array element width is increased, the sound pressure intensity of the sound wave in a far-field area is obviously increased, and the research is not conducted in a deeper way on the full matrix array structure due to different research emphasis.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a design method of a full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array, solves the problem that the existing full-matrix ultrasonic imaging technology has no special sensor array design method, realizes the defect detection effect and imaging quality superior to those of the conventional phased array, reduces the number of array elements, and improves the detection time efficiency.
The present invention achieves the above technical object by the following means.
A method of full matrix linear ultrasound transducer array design, comprising:
establishing the spatial sound field distribution P of single array elements of the full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array;
establishing array element directivity function D (theta) 1 ，θ 2 )；
Solving the effective sound beam width w;
determining a rectangular array element length a and a rectangular array element width b;
determining an array element distance d;
and evaluating the imaging quality of the array according to the given array element number and the effective detection aperture.
Preferably, the spatial sound field distribution P of the single array element of the full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array is:
wherein λ is the wavelength; r is the distance between any point in space and the geometric center of the array element; c 0 Is the speed of sound in the medium; ρ 0 Is the density of the medium; omega is the angular frequency of the excitation signal; a is the length of a rectangular array element; b is the width of a rectangular array element; θ is the angle between the position vector r and the normal line of the array element plane; u (u) A Is the amplitude value of the vibration velocity at the center of the infinitesimal; phi is the positive angle between the connecting line l and the x-axis on the array element plane, and the connecting line l is the connecting line between the projection point of any point in space on the array element plane and the geometric center of the array element.
Preferably, the array element directivity function D (θ 1 ，θ 2 ) Is that
Wherein θ 1 The position vector r is an included angle between the projection of the position vector r on the array element passing through the geometric center and being vertical to the array element plane along the width direction and the normal line of the array element; θ 2 Is the included angle between the projection of the position vector r passing through the geometric center of the array element and being vertical to the plane of the array element along the length direction and the normal.
Preferably, the effective beam width w is
Where H is the vertical distance of the defect from the plane of the detection transducer array.
Preferably, the value of the rectangular array element width b is [0.7λ,1.2λ ], and the rectangular array element length a satisfies: a is more than or equal to 10b.
Preferably, the array element spacing d is:
preferably, the array imaging quality is evaluated according to the given number of array elements and the effective detection aperture, specifically, the user can determine the number of array elements in the linear array according to the actual situation, and the index for evaluating the array imaging quality is as follows:
the API is a quantization index for evaluating the detection and imaging definition of the ultrasonic array to the defect; a is that -6dB Is the area of all pixels in the image that fall within-6 dB from the maximum amplitude value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a brand-new design method of a full-matrix ultrasonic transducer array, which establishes the relation between the radiation sound field and performance parameters of the full-matrix ultrasonic transducer through theoretical analysis and sound field simulation means, solves the problem that the existing full-matrix ultrasonic imaging technology has no special sensor array design method, provides a method for the structural design of a sensor array in the full-matrix imaging technology, and has the advantages that compared with a conventional phased array probe, the full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array designed by the design method has more uniform defect detection effect and imaging quality, deeper defect detection depth and fewer array elements in the array when the detection aperture is the same. Meanwhile, compared with a phased array probe adopting the same array element number and array structure, the full-matrix linear ultrasonic sensor array designed by the design method improves the detection time efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a completely new method for designing an array of full matrix ultrasonic transducers according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular array element radiation sound field geometrical coordinate system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of array element spacing according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a test piece to be tested and defect distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, according to a brand-new full-matrix ultrasonic transducer array design method of the embodiment of the present invention, starting from a full-matrix ultrasonic imaging principle, according to a requirement of a full-matrix ultrasonic transducer linear array on a sound field and an influence of an array element geometric parameter on sound field distribution, an array element geometric parameter and a sound field sound pressure relationship are obtained, and a relationship between an effective sound beam width of a sound field and an array element distance is obtained through far field conditions, and finally, through a sound field simulation test, detection performance and effects of the method on in-line hole-shaped artificial defects are provided, which specifically include:
step 1, establishing the spatial sound field distribution P of single array elements of a full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array;
the data acquisition method in the full matrix mode adopts a data acquisition mode that single array elements are sequentially excited and all array elements are received, and N is obtained after full matrix acquisition for an ultrasonic array probe with the number of N array elements 2 Data were scanned for a-sweeps. The full matrix data acquisition mode is different from the traditional phased array data acquisition mode, and at any moment in the full matrix acquisition process, only a sound field emitted by a single array element exists in a test piece to be tested, and deflection and focusing of wave beams do not exist. Therefore, when analyzing the sound field characteristics of the full matrix linear ultrasonic array, the sound field distribution can be started from the radiation of a single array element.
The radiation sound field distribution of the single array element can be equivalently calculated as sound field interference when sound waves emitted by each micro element on the array element reach the observation point. Approximating the micro-elements as point sources, the sound pressure at any point in space can be expressed as a superposition of the sound pressures generated at that point by all the discrete point sources on the array element. The sound pressure of the sound wave emitted by any micro element dS on the array element at the time t at the space Q point can be expressed as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,k=2pi/λ; lambda is the wavelength; c 0 Is the speed of sound in the medium; ρ 0 Is the density of the medium; omega is the angular frequency of the excitation signal; h is the distance from the micro element center to the Q point; u (u) A Is the amplitude value at the center of the infinitesimal.
In the rectangular array element radiation sound field geometric coordinate system shown in fig. 1, a is the length of a rectangular array element, b is the width of a rectangular array element, a geometric center O of the rectangular array element is taken as an origin of coordinates, a plane where the rectangular array element is positioned is an xOy plane, a distance between any point Q of space and the origin of coordinates O is r, an included angle between a position vector r and the positive direction of a z axis is theta, a point Q 'is a projection of the point Q in the xOy plane, an included angle between the OQ' and the positive direction of an x axis is phi, and e and the origin of coordinates O are shown in the specificationThe polar diameter and polar angle of the radiating microelements dS, respectively.
The distance h from any micro-element dS to the Q point on the rectangular array element can be expressed as:
when r is much larger than the size of a rectangular array element, h can be approximated as:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the radiation sound pressure of the rectangular array element at the Q point can be deduced as follows:
wherein λ is the wavelength; r is the distance from any point in space to the geometric center of the array element；c 0 Is the speed of sound in the medium; ρ 0 Is the density of the medium; omega is the angular frequency of the excitation signal;
the radiation sound pressure of the rectangular array element is in direct proportion to the array element length a and the array element width b, and along with the increase of the array element size, the radiation sound pressure is also increased, and in order to better represent the radiation sound pressure distribution of the rectangular array element, an array element directivity function D (theta 1 ，θ 2 )。
Step 2, establishing an array element directivity function D (theta) 1 ，θ 2 )；
Array element directivity function D (θ) 1 ，θ 2 ) The sound pressure ratio of sound pressure in any direction and sound pressure at the same distance on the z axis of the rectangular array element in the far field region is defined as:
wherein θ 1 An included angle between the projection of the position vector r on the xOz plane and the z axis is formed; θ 2 The angle between the projection of the position vector r on the yOz plane and the z axis is set.
The far-field beam region produced by an array element is generally defined as an angular region where the sound pressure amplitude decreases to within 1/2 (-6 dB) of the sound pressure amplitude on the sound axis, and is referred to as an effective beam region. This angle is called the-6 dB spread angle (θ -6dB ) I.e.Corresponding theta 1 Values. At this time, sinc function, ++>Appearing at y= 1.8955, corresponding θ -6dB Can be expressed as:
θ -6dB the smaller the sound pressure energy is, the more concentrated the defect in this area can be effectively detected, i.e. at a certain levelThe effective beam width w on a plane perpendicular to the beam axis determines the effective detection range of defects for that plane.
Step 3, solving the effective sound beam width w;
assuming that the effective beam width on the plane perpendicular to the beam axis at the array element distance H is w, the effective beam width w can be expressed as:
where H is the vertical distance of the defect from the plane of the detection transducer array.
Step 4, determining a rectangular array element length a and a rectangular array element width b;
the longer the array element, the stronger the sound beam directivity in the array element length a direction, the more concentrated the sound beam energy, and for a linear full matrix ultrasonic sensor array, when a is greater than or equal to 10b, the main lobe in the array element length a direction is narrowed, the directivity is enhanced, and the directivity function D (θ 1 ，θ 2 ) The influence of the rectangular array element can be ignored, and the rectangular array element can be equivalent to a linear sound source; at a determined depth, the larger the b/λ, the smaller the effective beam width, and the higher the spatial resolution of the detection. However, when b/λ > 1.2, the effective beam width varies slowly as b/λ increases. I.e. when b/lambda > 1.2, the continued increase of b/lambda has little effect on the improvement of the effective beam width. Thus, b has a value of [0.7λ,1.2λ ]]The space is more suitable.
In order to reduce the data acquisition amount in the full matrix mode, the array element spacing can be properly increased under the condition of not influencing the effective detection of defects, so as to reduce the array element number under a specific effective detection aperture. The effective acoustic beam of the array element can cover the detection area while the array element distance is increased, so that missed detection is avoided. For the sound pressure distribution in the far-field area, when the array element spacing d is equal to the effective sound beam width w of the array element in the far-field condition, the effective sound beam can be ensured to completely cover the area outside the far-field condition, and the array element spacing schematic diagram is shown in fig. 3.
Step 5, determining an array element distance d;
step 6, evaluating the imaging quality of the array according to the given array element number and the effective detection aperture; the user can determine the number of array elements in the linear array according to the actual situation, and once the number of the array elements is determined, the effective detection aperture is determined, and the index for evaluating the imaging quality of the array is as follows
The API is a quantization index for evaluating the detection and imaging definition of the ultrasonic array to the defect; a is that -6dB Is the area of all pixels in the image that fall within-6 dB from the maximum amplitude value. For a defect, the smaller its API value, the higher its imaging effect.
In this embodiment, 6 hole-shaped artificial defects are designed, and the defects are arranged in a straight line as shown in fig. 4. The detection effect is quantified using an API to describe the imaging performance of the array.
The array design parameters in this example are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 array Structure parameters
Parameter name Ultrasonic phased array probe Full matrix linear ultrasonic array probe
Array element width 0.4mm 1.18mm
Array element length 4mm 12mm
Array element spacing 0.5mm 1.39mm
Probe frequency 5MHz 5MHz
In this embodiment, the number of array elements is 16, and the API value comparison conditions of the two arrays of the full-matrix linear ultrasonic array and the ultrasonic phased array probe according to the embodiment of the invention are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 API values for ultrasonic phased array probes and full matrix linear ultrasonic array elements when the number of array elements is the same
Depth of defect (mm) Ultrasonic phased array probe Full matrix linear ultrasonic array probe
10 0.5638 2.2029
20 0.9528 0.2762
30 1.2586 0.3087
40 2.2551 0.3608
50 2.7287 0.4567
60 4.4120 0.5638
As can be seen from table 2, with the increase of the defect depth, the APIs corresponding to the two arrays are gradually increased, the detection capability is reduced, the API value of the full-matrix acquisition linear array according to the embodiment of the invention is increased more stably, but the phased array probe has small sound pressure intensity and poor directivity due to the smaller array element width, the ultrasonic wave causes larger loss in the propagation process, the API value changes more rapidly with the increase of the defect depth, and the detection capability is obviously reduced.
In order to compare the detection effect when the full-matrix linear ultrasonic array probe of the invention has the same effective detection aperture with the existing ultrasonic phased array probe, in the embodiment, the array element number of the full-matrix linear ultrasonic array probe is 16, the array element number of the ultrasonic phased array probe is 45,
TABLE 3 API values for the ultrasonic phased array probe and full matrix linear ultrasonic array when the effective detection aperture is the same
As can be seen from table 3, the API value of the full matrix linear ultrasonic array probe according to the embodiment of the present invention is slightly smaller than that of the ultrasonic phased array probe having the same detection aperture, indicating that the full matrix linear ultrasonic array probe images more accurately. And when the effective detection apertures are the same, the array element number of the full-matrix linear ultrasonic array probe is 16, and the array element number of the ultrasonic phased array probe is 45, and the array element number of the full-matrix linear ultrasonic array probe is obviously less than that of the ultrasonic phased array probe, so that the data volume is reduced, and the imaging time efficiency in detection is improved.
The examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious modifications, substitutions or variations that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method of designing a full matrix linear ultrasound transducer array, comprising:
establishing the spatial sound field distribution P of single array elements of the full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array:
wherein λ is the wavelength; r is the distance between any point in space and the geometric center of the array element; c 0 Is the speed of sound in the medium; ρ 0 Is the density of the medium; omega is the angular frequency of the excitation signal; a is the length of a rectangular array element; b is the width of a rectangular array element; θ is the angle between the position vector r and the normal line of the array element plane; u (u) A Is the amplitude value of the vibration velocity at the center of the infinitesimal; phi is the positive angle between the connecting line l and the x-axis on the array element plane, and the connecting line l is the connecting line between the projection point of any point in space on the array element plane and the geometric center of the array element; j is an imaginary unit;
establishing array element directivity function D (theta) 1 ，θ 2 )：
Wherein θ 1 The position vector r is an included angle between the projection of the position vector r on the array element passing through the geometric center and being vertical to the array element plane along the width direction and the normal line of the array element; θ 2 The angle between the projection of the position vector r passing through the geometric center of the array element and being vertical to the plane of the array element along the length direction and the normal line;
solving for effective beam width w
Wherein H is the vertical distance between the defect and the plane of the detection transducer array;
according to the array element directivity function D (theta 1 ，θ 2 ) The effective sound beam width w is used for determining the rectangular array element length a and the rectangular array element width b;
according to the condition that the effective sound beam completely covers the far-field detection area, determining an array element distance d, wherein the array element distance d is as follows:
and evaluating the imaging quality of the array according to the given array element number and the effective detection aperture.
2. The method for designing a full-matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array according to claim 1, wherein the rectangular array element width b has a value of [0.7λ,1.2λ ], and the rectangular array element length a satisfies: a is more than or equal to 10b.
3. The method for designing a full matrix linear ultrasonic transducer array according to claim 1, wherein the estimating the imaging quality of the array according to the given number of array elements and the effective detection aperture, specifically, the user determines the number of array elements in the linear array according to the actual situation, and the index for estimating the imaging quality of the array is as follows:
the API is a quantization index for evaluating the detection and imaging definition of the ultrasonic array to the defect; a is that -6dB Is the area of all pixels in the image that fall within-6 dB from the maximum amplitude value.
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