CN103245729A - Detection method and device for internal defects of welding seams - Google Patents
Detection method and device for internal defects of welding seams Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection method and device for internal defects of welding seams. The detection method comprises the following steps of: firstly, establishing a corresponding relationship between typical ultrasonic wave echo characteristics and metallographic structures of corresponding welding seam cross sections, then, carrying out ultrasonic wave detection on the surface of a welding test block, and finally, judging whether detects exist inside the welding seams through comparative analysis of the detected ultrasonic wave echo characteristics and characteristic waveform library kurtosis coefficients. The device for implementing the method comprises an ultrasonic wave test block detection device and a PC (Personal Computer) system with MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) software, wherein the ultrasonic wave test block detection device comprises a test stand, the block to be tested, an ultrasonic flaw detector, a probe and coupling liquid which are sequentially connected with one another. According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the device is simple, rapid and effective and can be applied to nondestructive testing of welding seam defects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Non-Destructive Testing field, be specifically related to the Non-Destructive Testing of weld defect.
Background technology
The lossless detection method of weldquality mainly contains magnetic detection method, ray detection method, electromagnetic eddy method, infiltration detection method and ultrasonic inspection detection method at present.It is intuitively quick that the magnetic detection method is observed defective, can determine size, scope and the shape of defective, and have than higher sensitivity, but only be applicable to ferrimagnet; The ray detection method is the image of display defect intuitively, is convenient to qualitative, quantitative test; Electromagnetic eddy method detection speed is fast, and near surface flaw is had higher sensitivity, can detect a flaw under the condition of high temperature, can be used for special-shaped material and finding and detects; Infiltration detection method using method is simple, with low cost, reality is directly perceived, detection sensitivity is high, but can only detect the piece surface flaws, is not suitable for the detection of porous material, and contaminated materials; Ultrasonic flaw detecting method, it compares above several detection method, have highly sensitive, directive property good, penetration power is strong, detection speed is fast, to not injury and test specimen and environment do not polluted of human body, can position with quantitative defective, applied widely, and be widely used in commercial production based on hyperacoustic detection method, fields such as health care, science and techniques of defence, technology maturation.
The method that ultrasound wave is used for the research internal structure of body starts from nineteen thirty, to nineteen forty-four and nineteen forty-six, succeed in developing the pulse reflection ultra-sonic defect detector in the U.S. and Britain respectively, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) extensively enters the industrial detection field subsequently, becomes a kind of important lossless detection method.UT (Ultrasonic Testing) mainly is to travel to and fro between the gambling contract time of defective by measuring-signal, determines the distance between defective and surface, and size and the position of defective determined in the position of measuring the amplitude of echoed signal and transmitting transducer.Characteristics such as hyperacoustic velocity of sound, decay, impedance and scattering for hyperacoustic application provides abundant information, and become the condition of its widespread use
Laser bonding has energy height to be concentrated, and the heating cooling procedure is extremely rapid, and welding seam deep width ratio is big, can realize high-accuracy antipollution vacuum environment welding, can also be applicable to the technology occasion that other many traditional welding processes can't be finished.In the welding of some special materials such as high-grade body of a motor car and base, aircraft wing, spacecraft and small contact point, laser bonding is replacing traditional welding.Laser bonding mainly is divided into two kinds of thermal conductance weldering and deep penetration weldings, and the former laser power density grade is 10
5W/cm
2, the power density grade of deep penetration welding is 10
6W/cm
2
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention provides a kind of detection method and device of weld seam inherent vice, and the Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement of the effective weldment inherent vice of simple and fast is provided.
In order to solve above technical matters, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of detection method of weld seam inherent vice, be characterised in that the corresponding relation of at first setting up typical ultrasonic echo feature and corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure, carry out ultrasound examination on the surface of welding test block then, judge whether defectiveness of weld seam inside by the ultrasonic echo feature that detects, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) is that metal welding fitting surface finish between 5 mm ~ 15 mm is smooth with sand paper with gauge, and cleans the polishing surface with acetone, to remove foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr;
(2) the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) instrument parameter is set, scan mode, head angle, probe type (monocrystalline or double crystal probe), frequency probe, damping size, sweep limit are set respectively, time delay, pickup mode, pulse pattern etc., next is ready to coupling solution;
(3) the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) instrument probe is calibrated, obtained the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the metal welding fitting; At this moment, with the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the metal welding fitting and the thickness of metal welding fitting, calculate ultrasound wave travel-time in test block;
(4) adopt double-crystal normal probe that test block is detected a flaw, probe is placed on above the test block, utilize ultra-sonic defect detector that welding test block welded seam area is detected a flaw, obtain the ultrasound wave waveform figure of metal welding fitting, and the record measuring position;
(5) adopt the line cutting to cut perpendicular to weld seam along measuring everywhere, the seam cross-section of acquisition is polished to the side perpendicular to weld seam successively with the sand paper of particle from coarse to fine earlier; Clean surface after the polishing with acetone, remove the foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr on surface, according to standard metallographic specimen preparation section butt welded seam xsect with sand papering, polish, inlay, be put in shooting section of weld joint figure under the laser confocal microscope;
(6) utilize the experience Waveform Analysis Method, oscillogram is analyzed, set up the corresponding relation of typical ultrasonic echo feature and corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure, obtain the ultrasonic echo feature of typical weld seam inner structure; Utilize ultra-sonic defect detector that other metal welding fittings are detected a flaw, according to flaw detection precision needs, equidistantly detect along metal welding fitting bead direction, obtain the welding test block along the oscillogram set of bead direction, with the ultrasonic echo feature comparative analysis of typical defect weld seam inner structure, judge whether the weld seam of metal welding fitting exists defective.
Described experience Waveform Analysis Method refers to by to hyperacoustic first time, the second time and wave amplitude and the pulsewidth of echo for the third time, ultrasound wave propagation characteristic and receive a sign that the ripple frequency comes down to pad value and judge weldquality and defect type in defective test block.
Described metal welding fitting is metal material of the same race.
Described typical ultrasonic echo feature is to be that the coefficient of kurtosis eigenwert KU that the amplitude of sampled point calculates characterizes in order to the time, and KU is the statistics numerical value of time-sampling point amplitude, is calculated by the MATLAB means.
With the coefficient of kurtosis compare of analysis that carry out in waveform coefficient of kurtosis and the signature waveform storehouse of metal welding fitting to be detected, whether differentiation conforms to typical ultrasonic echo feature, thereby determines whether to exist defective.
Described metal welding fitting gauge determines that the focusing range according to ultrasonic probe is reference, within focusing range.
A kind of device of realizing the detection method of described weld seam inherent vice is characterized in that: comprise test bench 1, be positioned at metal welding fitting 2, detection system on the test bench 1; Described detection system comprises PC system 10, ultra-sonic defect detector 9, coupling liquid 3, double-crystal normal probe 4, ultrasonic echo 5 that MATLAB software is installed, is positioned at weld seam 6, welding region 7 and heat-affected zone 8 on the metal welding fitting 2; Wherein double-crystal normal probe is the twin crystal longitudinal wave probe, and probe is transmitting probe and receiving transducer simultaneously, has both launched ultrasonic pulse, receives ultrasonic pulse again, between double-crystal normal probe and the metal welding fitting is to adopt general coupling liquid to be coupled.
The present invention has principle innovation and technological innovation, set up the corresponding relation of typical ultrasonic echo feature and corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure according to certain material metal welding fitting, obtain the ultrasonic echo feature of typical defect weld seam inner structure, then according to flaw detection precision needs, equidistantly detect along metal welding fitting bead direction, obtain the welding test block along the oscillogram set of bead direction, ultrasonic echo feature comparative analysis with typical defect weld seam inner structure, whether the weld seam of judging the metal welding fitting exists defective, be that nondestructive examination and section of weld joint metallographic structure are associated, metal welding fitting weld seam internal microstructure feature be can obtain, a kind of new ultrasonic echo Non-Destructive Testing new principle and technology formed.
The present invention has beneficial effect.The present invention is based on the detection method of ultrasonic echo flaw detection weld seam inherent vice, it is the new method of carrying out nondestructive examination in the basic upper edge metal welding fitting bead direction of the ultrasonic echo feature that obtains certain material metal welding fitting typical defect weld seam inner structure, be that a kind of of existing metal welding fitting Inner Defect Testing method replenishes, adopt ultrasound wave that the jam welding test block is detected a flaw, simple operation easily, have highly sensitive, directive property good, penetration power is strong, detection speed is fast, to not injury and to test specimen and not pollution of environment of human body.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the ultrasonic detection device of metal jam welding test block
Fig. 2 is the inner flawless section of weld joint figure of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser jam welding weld seam
Fig. 3 is the inner flawless ultrasound wave waveform figure of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser jam welding weld seam
Fig. 4 has the section of weld joint figure of shrinkage cavity defect for 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser jam welding weld seam inside
Fig. 5 has the ultrasound wave waveform figure of shrinkage cavity defect for 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser jam welding weld seam inside
Among the figure, 1. 8. heat-affected zones, ultrasonic echo 6. weld seams 7. jam welding zone, 9. ultra-sonic defect detectors show the PC system of equipping 10. installation MATLAB programs in test platform 2. metal welding fittings 3. coupling liquid 4. double-crystal normal probes 5. workpiece.
Embodiment
Describe details and the working condition of the concrete device of the present invention's proposition in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one:
A kind of detection method of the weld seam inherent vice based on the flaw detection of described ultrasonic echo, the concrete operations step is as follows:
1. with sand paper that metal welding fitting surface finish is smooth, and with acetone cleaning polishing surface, to remove foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr;
2. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) instrument parameter is set, scan mode, head angle, probe type (monocrystalline or double crystal probe), frequency probe, damping size, sweep limit are set respectively, time delay, pickup mode, pulse pattern etc., next is ready to coupling solution;
3. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) instrument probe is calibrated, and can be obtained the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the metal welding fitting; At this moment, with the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the metal welding fitting and the thickness of metal welding fitting, can calculate ultrasound wave travel-time in test block;
4. adopt double-crystal normal probe that test block is detected a flaw, probe is placed on above the test block, utilize ultra-sonic defect detector that welding test block welded seam area is detected a flaw, obtain the ultrasound wave waveform figure of metal welding fitting, and the record measuring position;
5. adopt the line cutting to cut perpendicular to weld seam along measuring everywhere, the seam cross-section of acquisition is polished to the side perpendicular to weld seam successively with 200#, 500#, 800#, 1200#, 1500# sand paper earlier; With the surface after the acetone cleaning polishing, remove foreign material such as surperficial oxide film, dirt, burr, according to standard metallographic specimen preparation section butt welded seam xsect with sand papering, polish, inlay, be put under the OLYMPUS OSL3000 type laser confocal microscope and take section of weld joint figure;
6. utilize the experience Waveform Analysis Method, oscillogram is analyzed, set up the corresponding relation of typical ultrasonic echo feature and corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure, choose the ultrasonic echo that there is the weld seam of pore, slag inclusion and crack defect in inner structure, and the good ultrasonic echo of weld seam inner structure is as signature waveform;
7. four signature waveform data importings that ultra-sonic defect detector is extracted are installed in the PC system of MATLAB software, set up the signature waveform storehouse calculates four waveforms with MATLAB kurtosis value COEFFICIENT K U;
8. utilize ultra-sonic defect detector that other metal welding fittings are detected a flaw, according to flaw detection precision needs, equidistantly detect along metal welding fitting bead direction, obtain the welding test block along the oscillogram set of bead direction, calculate the kurtosis value COEFFICIENT K U of waveform, with the ultrasonic echo feature comparative analysis of typical defect weld seam inner structure, whether the weld seam of judging the metal welding fitting exists the type of defective and defective.
Embodiment two:
Carry out metal laser jam welding weld seam inherent vice ultrasonic detection device with the present invention, comprise: the test bench 1 of Xiang Lianing, metal welding fitting 2, detection system successively, wherein detection system comprises ultra-sonic defect detector 9, double-crystal normal probe 4, coupling liquid 3, ultrasonic echo 5, PC system 10, weld seam 6, welding region 7 and heat-affected zone 8 that MATLAB software is installed.Using the test block ultrasonic wave detecting system that metal welding fitting 2 is finished in jam welding detects a flaw, use 4 pairs of test blocks of double-crystal normal probe to scan, use coupling liquid 3 to be coupled between probe and the test block, scanning result shows on ultra-sonic defect detector display screen 9, the data that ultra-sonic defect detector is stored export to PC system 10, calculate kurtosis value COEFFICIENT K U with the MATLAB software programming, compare with the signature waveform storehouse, determine whether to exist the type of defective and defective.
It below is the example of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser jam welding weld seam Inner Defect Testing method and apparatus, adopt laser that the 7075-T6 aluminium alloy is carried out laser jam welding test, utilize ultra-sonic defect detector jam welding test block to detect a flaw and obtain to weld the oscillogram of test block, and to wave form analysis, sample is observed in the preparation metallographic structure, is put in OLYMPUS OSL3000 type laser confocal microscope and takes section of weld joint figure.
Fig. 3 is the inner flawless ultrasound wave waveform figure of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser jam welding weld seam, and Fig. 2 is the inner flawless section of weld joint figure of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser jam welding weld seam.Fig. 2 shows that ultrasonic echo is high-visible, and adjacent echo separation is almost equal, and the multiecho amplitude when tapering off the weld seam of correspondence do not have tangible crackle and shrinkage cavity, the welding quality height;
Fig. 5 is the inner defective ultrasound wave waveform figure of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser jam welding weld seam, and Fig. 4 is the inner poor weld sectional view of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser jam welding weld seam.Fig. 4 shows hyperacoustic first time, for the second time, the waveform of echo is compared with flawless ultrasound wave waveform figure among Fig. 5 that amplitude is very low, Mintrop wave is mild, amplitude is little, postponed backward for the third time, after echo for the third time, occurred echo detect less than phenomenon, this shows that ultrasound wave has run into bigger defective in test block is propagated, and scattering and frequency decay clearly occurred.Observe and find, corresponding metallographic structure figure has significantly wide and dark crackle and shrinkage cavity.
Experiment shows that the micro-metallographic structure feature of laser jam welding weld seam can reflect at the echosonogram of correspondence, and different flaw echos has own unique waveform character, existence corresponding relation to a certain extent.
Claims (7)
1. the detection method of a weld seam inherent vice, be characterised in that the corresponding relation of at first setting up typical ultrasonic echo feature and corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure, carry out ultrasound examination on the surface of welding test block then, judge whether defectiveness of weld seam inside by the ultrasonic echo feature that detects, concrete steps are as follows:
Be that metal welding fitting surface finish between 5 mm ~ 15 mm is smooth with sand paper with gauge, and clean the polishing surface with acetone, to remove foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr;
The UT (Ultrasonic Testing) instrument parameter is set, scan mode, head angle, probe type (monocrystalline or double crystal probe), frequency probe, damping size, sweep limit are set respectively, time delay, pickup mode, pulse pattern etc., next is ready to coupling solution;
The UT (Ultrasonic Testing) instrument probe is calibrated, obtained the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the metal welding fitting; At this moment, with the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the metal welding fitting and the thickness of metal welding fitting, calculate ultrasound wave travel-time in test block;
Adopt double-crystal normal probe that test block is detected a flaw, probe is placed on above the test block, utilize ultra-sonic defect detector that welding test block welded seam area is detected a flaw, obtain the ultrasound wave waveform figure of metal welding fitting, and the record measuring position;
Adopt the line cutting to cut perpendicular to weld seam along measuring everywhere, the seam cross-section of acquisition is polished to the side perpendicular to weld seam successively with the sand paper of particle from coarse to fine earlier; Clean surface after the polishing with acetone, remove the foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr on surface, according to standard metallographic specimen preparation section butt welded seam xsect with sand papering, polish, inlay, be put in shooting section of weld joint figure under the laser confocal microscope;
Utilize the experience Waveform Analysis Method, oscillogram is analyzed, set up the corresponding relation of typical ultrasonic echo feature and corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure, obtain the ultrasonic echo feature of typical weld seam inner structure; Utilize ultra-sonic defect detector that other metal welding fittings are detected a flaw, according to flaw detection precision needs, equidistantly detect along metal welding fitting bead direction, obtain the welding test block along the oscillogram set of bead direction, with the ultrasonic echo feature comparative analysis of typical defect weld seam inner structure, judge whether the weld seam of metal welding fitting exists defective.
2. the detection method of a weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described experience Waveform Analysis Method refers to by to hyperacoustic first time, the second time and wave amplitude and the pulsewidth of echo for the third time, ultrasound wave propagation characteristic and receive a sign that the ripple frequency comes down to pad value and judge weldquality and defect type in defective test block.
3. the detection method of a weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described metal welding fitting is metal material of the same race.
4. the detection method of a weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described typical ultrasonic echo feature is to be that the coefficient of kurtosis eigenwert KU that the amplitude of sampled point calculates characterizes in order to the time, KU is the statistics numerical value of time-sampling point amplitude, is calculated by the MATLAB means.
5. the detection method of a weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the coefficient of kurtosis compare of analysis that waveform coefficient of kurtosis and the signature waveform storehouse of metal welding fitting to be detected are carried out, whether differentiation conforms to typical ultrasonic echo feature, thereby determines whether to exist defective.
6. the detection method of a weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described metal welding fitting gauge determines that the focusing range according to ultrasonic probe is reference, within focusing range.
7. a device of realizing the detection method of weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise test bench (1), be positioned at metal welding fitting (2), detection system on the test bench (1); Described detection system comprises PC system (10), ultra-sonic defect detector (9), coupling liquid (3), double-crystal normal probe (4), ultrasonic echo (5) that MATLAB software is installed, be positioned at weld seam (6) on the metal welding fitting (2), welding region (7) and heat-affected zone (8); Wherein double-crystal normal probe is the twin crystal longitudinal wave probe, and probe is transmitting probe and receiving transducer simultaneously, has both launched ultrasonic pulse, receives ultrasonic pulse again, between double-crystal normal probe and the metal welding fitting is to adopt general coupling liquid to be coupled.
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Cited By (17)
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| CN103901102A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-02 | 北京工业大学 | Method for identifying typical flaws of forged piece based on ultrasonic phased array technology |
| CN104458909A (en) * | 2014-11-29 | 2015-03-25 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for stellite alloy sheet weld zone of turbine blade |
| CN104820018A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-05 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Method for detecting weld defects |
| CN106770637A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-05-31 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of weld seam EDDY CURRENT test block and preparation method thereof |
| CN106840053A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-06-13 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of leg size of fillet weld and internal flaw ultrasonic non-destructive measuring method |
| CN107505395A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-22 | 北京金风慧能技术有限公司 | Inside workpiece damage detecting method and device |
| CN107703210A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-16 | 北京金风慧能技术有限公司 | workpiece identification method and device |
| CN107703209A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-16 | 北京金风慧能技术有限公司 | Workpiece identification method and detection terminal |
| CN108008012A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-08 | 湖南湘建检测有限公司 | A kind of welding for steel structure mass defect detection method |
| CN108732243A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-02 | 国网山东省电力公司淄博供电公司 | GIS shell butt weld ultrasound examination defect measuring motions |
| CN109781856A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-21 | 河北普阳钢铁有限公司 | The method that double-crystal normal probe judges field trash group defect in flat metal plate |
| CN110108798A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-09 | 东莞技研新阳电子有限公司 | A kind of metal welding effect detection method |
| CN110441397A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-12 | 奥林巴斯株式会社 | The method for making of apparatus for ultrasonic examination, 3D printer device and inference pattern |
| CN110501425A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-26 | 江苏鸣帆工程检测有限公司 | A kind of fixed pressure vessel ultrasonic wave detecting system and method |
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| CN103901102A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-02 | 北京工业大学 | Method for identifying typical flaws of forged piece based on ultrasonic phased array technology |
| CN104458909B (en) * | 2014-11-29 | 2018-03-09 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | The stellite alloy film weld metal zone ultrasonic detection method of turbine blade |
| CN104458909A (en) * | 2014-11-29 | 2015-03-25 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for stellite alloy sheet weld zone of turbine blade |
| CN104820018A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-05 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Method for detecting weld defects |
| CN106770637A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-05-31 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of weld seam EDDY CURRENT test block and preparation method thereof |
| CN106840053A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-06-13 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of leg size of fillet weld and internal flaw ultrasonic non-destructive measuring method |
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| CN110501425A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-26 | 江苏鸣帆工程检测有限公司 | A kind of fixed pressure vessel ultrasonic wave detecting system and method |
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| CN112611801B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2023-02-21 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Method for detecting steel rail structure on line |
| CN113514557A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-19 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | GIS shell weld defect type identification method and device based on ultrasonic waves |
| CN117235463A (en) * | 2023-11-13 | 2023-12-15 | 北京科技大学 | Nondestructive testing method for alloy defect inner wall oxide film spatial distribution |
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