CN103808802B - A kind of ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect.The present invention first measures the two-dimensional position of measured object inherent vice on <i>x-y</iGreatT. GreaT.GT face and size, then measures the degree of depth of measured object inherent vice in <i>z</iGreatT.Gr eaT.GT direction.The inventive method scanning can detect and obtain the three-dimensional position of inherent vice and dimension information, have high precision, high efficiency, be applicable to the Non-Destructive Testing of various types of materials.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser-ultrasound technical field of nondestructive testing, be specifically related to a kind of ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect.
Background technology
Inherent vice is a kind of defect all extensively existed in various workpiece material, if detect confirmation not in time, may cause the fracture of workpiece, damage etc., have a strong impact on production safety.But, due to the disguise of inherent vice and the popularity that exists in various types of materials, again due to the requirement of high precision, high speed on-line checkingi, rugged surroundings and safety detection, at present Non-Destructive Testing is carried out to inherent vice and still there is very large difficulty.Existing conventional lossless detection method mainly contains four large classes: EDDY CURRENT, Magnetic testing, ray detection and Ultrasonic Detection.Use EDDY CURRENT and Magnetic testing to have certain limitation, be not suitable for complex-shaped part, and surface and the near surface flaw of conductive material or ferrimagnet can only be detected; Ray detection, due to the shortcoming of its harmfulness to human body, the ill-effect to other allergens etc., does not meet the requirement of safety detection; Ultrasonic Detection has high-penetrability, security and is applicable to the advantages such as various types of materials, it is a kind of important lossless detection method, but traditional supersonic testing method is contact, need to use couplant, the detection and the online fast checking that are unsuitable for pattern complex part detect, as document 1 (number of patent application: 201310176780.0, " a kind of detection method of weld seam inherent vice and device ").
The non-contact ultrasonic detection method that inherent vice carries out scanning detection can be mainly contained at present: the detection method that electromagnetic acoustic detection method, Air Coupling supersonic testing method, laser ultrasonic detection method and multiple technologies combine, as mixed methods such as laser excitation-electromagnetic acoustic detection, laser excitation-Air Coupling Ultrasonic Detection.Electromagnetic acoustic detection method can only detect the larger conductive material of volume and affect greatly by surface quality, as document 2 (number of patent application: 201210290309.X, " the metal defect detection method of laser-electromagnetic acoustic nondestructive detection system ") and document 3 (Optics & LaserTechnology, Vol.44,860-865 (2012), " Inspectionofcracksusinglaser-inducedultrasoundwithshadow method:Modelingandvalidation "), Air Coupling supersonic testing method limits by its principle, probe will keep suitable distance with detection thing, ultrasound wave in atmosphere can through twice serious decay, accuracy of detection is poor, small inherent vice is difficult to detect especially, as document 4 (mechanical engineering journal, Vol.44,10-14 (2008) " development of Air-coupled Ultrasonic Non-destructive Evaluation "), laser ultrasonic detection method has noncontact, broadband, remote controlled, high-penetrability, the advantages such as various modes ultrasound wave can be excited simultaneously, it is a kind of potential Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement, but need to overcome and regulate difficulty, the problems such as ultrasonic directivity control and reception, as document 5 (JapaneseJournalofAppliedPhysics, Vol.40, 1477-1481 (2001), " Nondestructivedetectionofsmallinternaldefectsincarbonste elbylaserultrasonics ") in cause material surface impaired in order to the directivity and launching efficiency changing ultrasonic bulk wave increases laser energy.
Above method also has a major defect to be exactly the existence and the size that are merely able to detect defect for the inherent vice of test material, can not the three-dimensional position of localization of internal defect accurately.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect, scanning can detect and obtain the three-dimensional position of inherent vice and dimension information, have high precision, high efficiency, be applicable to the Non-Destructive Testing of various types of materials.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect, comprising the following steps:
Step one, measure two-dimensional position on x-y face of measured object inherent vice and size:
Use pulse laser circular light spot irradiation at the ultrasonic bulk wave of measured object surface excitation, the detection light using laser vibration measurer to inspire at measured object opposite side to heart place detecting ultrasonic bulk wave;
The detection waveform of the ultrasonic bulk wave detected with the oscillograph recording laser vibration measurer be connected with laser vibration measurer;
On x-y face, mobile measured object completes two-dimensional scan detection, draws two-dimentional C-Scan scheme according to the peak-to-peak value of measured object each position detection waveform on x-y face of oscillograph recording;
According to the two-dimensional position of the difference determination measured object inherent vice representing the gray-scale value of ultrasonic bulk wave amplitude in C-Scan figure on x-y face and size;
Step 2, the degree of depth of mensuration measured object inherent vice in z direction:
Use pulse laser line spot irradiation at the ultrasonic bulk wave of the surface excitation of measured object, the ultrasonic bulk wave of detection photodetection after measured object bottom reflection that laser vibration measurer inspires is used in the same side of measured object, in the process, the axis of pulse laser linear light spot is positioned at directly over inherent vice, and detection light is positioned on direction, pulse laser linear light spot axis;
Regulating impulse laser rays hot spot and the distance of detection light, make the shear wave amplitude maximum of the ultrasonic bulk wave of detection;
Move measured object in x direction thus change the relative position of pulse laser line spot irradiation on measured object surface, realize detecting at x direction one-dimensional scanning, the detection waveform of the ultrasonic bulk wave detected with the oscillograph recording laser vibration measurer be connected with laser vibration measurer, according to the measured object of oscillograph recording in the x direction the peak-to-peak value of each position detection waveform draw two-dimentional B-Scan and scheme;
The distance of inherent vice in the x direction between present position when determining that ultrasonic bulk wave amplitude is weakened for twice by inherent vice according to the grey value difference representing ultrasonic bulk wave in B-Scan figure and to be blocked for twice by inherent vice the amplitude of weakening, then the depth location of inherent vice is calculated according to formula (1)
h＝H(w-a)/w(1)
In formula (1), h is the depth location of inherent vice; A is the distance of inherent vice in the x direction between present position when to be ultrasonic bulk wave amplitude significantly weakened for twice by inherent vice; W is pulse laser line spot and the distance of detection light, the distance of pulse laser line spot when namely meeting the shear wave amplitude maximum of the ultrasonic bulk wave of measured object bottom reflection and detection light; H is measured object thickness.
Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is in the present invention:
(1) utilize pulsed laser source excitation ultrasound bulk wave under Thermoelastic regime (low-yield), avoid material to occur melting phenomenon, realize Non-Destructive Testing;
(2) utilize laser excitation, laser pick-off ultrasonic signal, realize non-contact detecting, fast checking can be completed and detect, improve detection efficiency;
(3) increase transparent covering layer by the laser excitation surface at measured object, change the directivity of ultrasonic bulk wave, and improve the launching efficiency of ultrasonic bulk wave, further increase the accuracy of detection of defect;
(4) by detect the heart and homonymy detects and combines, can the three-dimensional position of Accurate Measurement measured object inherent vice and size, even if tiny flaw also can accurately detect;
(5) scan containing defective measured object by computing machine whole-process control stepper motor, control oscillograph and receive and real-time processing data, achieve Automatic Control, reproducible, be easy to operation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram using the inventive method to measure inherent vice two-dimensional position and size on x-y face.
Schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is the depth information using the inventive method mensuration inherent vice.
Fig. 3 is that the Ultrasonic C-Scan obtained during the present invention tests schemes.
Fig. 4 is the ultrasonic B-Scan figure obtained during the present invention tests.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect, comprises two steps,
Step one: measure two-dimensional position on x-y face of measured object 6 inherent vice and size;
Step 2: measure the degree of depth of measured object 6 inherent vice in z direction.
Step one is concrete as shown in Figure 1, use pulse laser circular light spot 1 irradiation at the ultrasonic bulk wave of measured object 6 surface excitation, ultrasonic bulk wave is to measured object 6 internal communication, use laser vibration measurer 14 inspire detection light 2 at measured object 6 opposite side to heart place detecting ultrasonic bulk wave, the detection waveform of the ultrasonic bulk wave detected with the oscillograph 13 recording laser vialog 14 be connected with laser vibration measurer 14, on x-y face, mobile measured object 6 completes two-dimensional scan detection, draw two-dimentional C-Scan according to the peak-to-peak value of measured object each position detection waveform on x-y face of oscillograph 13 record to scheme, because the amplitude of defect to ultrasonic bulk wave of measured object 6 inside has weakening effect, so, can according to the two-dimensional position of difference determination measured object 6 inherent vice of gray-scale value representing ultrasonic bulk wave amplitude in C-Scan figure on x-y face and size.
Described pulse laser circular light spot 1 is use pulsed laser 12 Emission Lasers and formed through after convex lens 9, and trigger pip 10 is produced by laser instrument 12 and exports to oscillograph 13 and works to control oscillograph 13;
Can be fixed on stepper motor 7 by measured object 6, computing machine 15 control step motor 7 moves, and realizes the two-dimensional movement of measured object 6 on x-y face, and computing machine 15 controls oscillograph 13 pairs of two-dimensional scans detection data simultaneously and carries out the preservation of pointwise record;
At measured object 6 by the side of pulse laser sphere shape light 1 irradiation, be provided with transparent covering layer, as transparent adhesive tape, the clear lacquer etc., transparent covering layer is for changing the directivity of the ultrasonic bulk wave of laser excitation, make ultrasonic bulk wave maximum to the energy that heart direction is propagated, and increase ultrasonic launching efficiency, improve the accuracy of detection of inherent vice.
Step 2 as shown in Figure 2, use pulse laser line spot 11 irradiation at the ultrasonic bulk wave of the surface excitation of measured object 6, ultrasonic bulk wave is to measured object 6 internal communication, propagate to the surface of measured object 6 after measured object 6 bottom reflection, use the detection light 2 detecting ultrasonic bulk wave that laser vibration measurer 14 inspires in the same side of measured object 6;
In above process, can determine the two-dimensional position of inherent vice on x-y face according to Fig. 3, ensure that the axis of pulse laser line spot 11 is positioned at directly over inherent vice, detection light 2 is positioned on direction, pulse laser line spot 11 axis;
Regulating impulse laser line spot 11 and the distance of detection light 2, make this distance meet the shear wave amplitude maximum of the ultrasonic bulk wave of measured object 6 bottom reflection;
Move measured object 6 in x direction thus change the relative position of pulse laser line spot 11 irradiation on measured object 6 surface, realize detecting at x direction one-dimensional scanning, carry out in the process of one-dimensional scanning detection at mobile measured object 6, ultrasonic bulk wave can be blocked weakening twice by inherent vice, once wherein namely blocked weakening by inherent vice after ultrasonic bulk wave incides measured object 6, another time is that ultrasonic bulk wave is blocked weakening by inherent vice after measured object 6 bottom reflection, the detection waveform of the ultrasonic bulk wave detected with the oscillograph 13 recording laser vialog 14 be connected with laser vibration measurer 14, the measured object recorded according to the oscillograph 13 in the x direction peak-to-peak value of each position detection waveform is drawn two-dimentional B-Scan and is schemed, according to representing the distance of inherent vice in the x direction between present position when ultrasonic bulk wave is determined that ultrasonic bulk wave amplitude is significantly weakened for twice by inherent vice by the grey value difference blocking the amplitude of weakening for twice, in B-Scan figure, then the depth location of inherent vice is calculated according to formula (1)
h＝H(w-a)/w(1)
In formula (1), h is the depth location of inherent vice; A is the distance of inherent vice in the x direction between present position when to be ultrasonic bulk wave amplitude significantly weakened for twice by inherent vice; W is pulse laser line spot 11 and the distance of detection light 2, the distance of the pulse laser line spot 11 when namely meeting the shear wave amplitude maximum of the ultrasonic bulk wave of measured object 6 bottom reflection and detection light 2; H is measured object thickness;
Described pulse laser line spot 11 uses pulsed laser 12 excite short-pulse laser and focus on the line spot of rear formation through cylindrical convex lens 8.
Be fixed on by measured object 6 on stepper motor 7, computing machine 15 control step motor 7 moves, and realizes the two-dimensional movement of measured object 6 on x-y face, and computing machine 15 controls oscillograph 13 pairs of two-dimensional scans detection data simultaneously and carries out the preservation of pointwise record.
The result of last combining step (1) and step (2), obtains three-dimensional position and the dimension information of inherent vice.
The present invention can be further illustrated by following experiment:
The measured object that this experiment is chosen is the aluminium alloy plate type workpiece of custom-made, specification is 80mm × 60mm × 10mm, inside workpiece manually adds the gas hole defect that diameter is 1.2mm, outside is completely invisible, gas hole defect is positioned at x-y face central authorities, buried depth is 4mm, uses the inventive method to detect gas hole defect.
First, according to Fig. 1, the two-dimensional position of inner gas hole defect on x-y face and size are measured.Use Nd:YAG laser instrument to inspire as pulsed laser wavelength is 532nm, pulsewidth is 7ns pulse laser and pool pulse laser sphere shape light irradiation that diameter is 2mm at aluminium alloy plate type surface of the work through convex lens, in order to change directivity and the launching efficiency of the ultrasonic bulk wave that laser inspires under Thermoelastic regime, be about the thick thermostable transparent adhesive tape of 0.1mm by surface-coated one deck that covered that aluminium alloy plate type workpiece excites.Laser vibration measurer carries out reception detecting ultrasonic bulk wave at the exciting light of aluminium alloy plate type workpiece opposite side to heart position.Measured object is fixed on and stepper realizes precision sweep moves, and every moved further 0.2mm, scanning area is measured object middle section 20mm × 20mm.Oscillograph is connected with vialog, records the ultrasonic signal at each scanning position place, and computing machine connects stepper and oscillograph, realizes whole-course automation Scanning Detction and data processing.
Processing detecting the ultrasonic signal obtained, extracting the peak-to-peak value of the ultrasonic through compressional wave at each scanning position place, be depicted as C-Scan figure, as shown in Figure 3.Dash area 3 in this figure shows the position of internal porosity defect on x-y face and size accurately.
Then, shown in Fig. 2, the depth information of inherent vice is measured.Nd:YAG laser instrument inspires the pulse laser that wavelength is 532nm, pulsewidth is 7ns and pools the line spot irradiation of 5mm × 0.5mm through cylindrical convex lens on measured object surface, can't harm under Thermoelastic regime and inspire ultrasonic bulk wave and to measured object internal communication, after bottom reflection, received detection by laser vibration measurer at measured object surface homonymy obtain.Measured object is fixed on and stepper realizes precision sweep moves, and direction of scanning is for along exciting direction, line source axis, step-length 0.1mm, and scanning distance is 20mm.Oscillograph is connected with vialog, records the ultrasonic signal at each scanning position place, and computing machine connects stepper and oscillograph, realizes whole-course automation Scanning Detction and data processing.
Ensure that detection light is positioned to excite on the axis of line source, and combine the position detected before this on the x-y face of the inherent vice obtained, ensure that this axis is positioned at directly over gas hole defect.Regulate the distance excited between incidence point and eye point, ensure the amplitude maximum of the ultrasonic bulk wave through bottom reflection, record now excites the distance of incidence point and eye point to be w=18mm.Ensure that this is apart from constant, utilize stepper to move measured object and scan, sweep span is 0.1mm.Computerized control stepper and oscillograph of profit realizes automatic scanning and detects and data processing, records the ultrasonic signal at each scanning position place.
Processing detecting the ultrasonic signal obtained, extracting the peak-to-peak value of the ultrasonic reflection bulk wave at each scanning position place, be depicted as B-Scan figure, as shown in Figure 4.Due to the existence of inherent vice, in scanning process, the ultrasonic bulk wave of bottom reflection can be blocked by twice, cause the obviously weak of amplitude, the position that bulk wave is blocked can be shown accurately from Fig. 4, measure the distance a=10.5mm blocked for twice between position, in conjunction with thickness H=10mm and w=18mm of aluminium alloy plate type workpiece, according to formula h=H (w-a)/w, the buried depth h=4.2mm of gas hole defect can be calculated, with known processing buried depth 4mm closely.The width be blocked according to reflected body wave and the size of defect can be evaluated time delay.
Comprehensive above implementation step, the internal porosity defect of diameter 1.2mm, buried depth 4mm can be accurately detected and obtain.
Claims (5)
1. the ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one, measure the two-dimensional position of measured object (6) inherent vice on x-y face and size:
Use pulse laser circular light spot (1) irradiation at the ultrasonic bulk wave of measured object (6) surface excitation, the detection light (2) using laser vibration measurer (14) to inspire at measured object (6) opposite side to heart place detecting ultrasonic bulk wave;
The detection waveform of the ultrasonic bulk wave detected with oscillograph (13) the recording laser vialog (14) be connected with laser vibration measurer (14);
On x-y face, mobile measured object (6) completes two-dimensional scan and detects, and the peak value at the measured object peak of each position detection waveform on x-y face recorded according to oscillograph (13) is drawn two-dimentional C-Scan and schemed;
According to the two-dimensional position of difference determination measured object (6) inherent vice representing the gray-scale value of ultrasonic bulk wave amplitude in C-Scan figure on x-y face and size;
Step 2, the degree of depth of mensuration measured object (6) inherent vice in z direction:
Use pulse laser line spot (11) irradiation at the ultrasonic bulk wave of surface excitation of measured object (6), the ultrasonic bulk wave of detection light (2) detection after measured object (6) bottom reflection using laser vibration measurer (14) to inspire in the same side of measured object (6), in the process, the axis of pulse laser line spot (11) is positioned at directly over inherent vice, and detection light (2) is positioned on pulse laser line spot (11) direction, axis;
Regulating impulse laser line spot (11) and the distance of detection light (2), make the shear wave amplitude maximum of the ultrasonic bulk wave of detection;
Move measured object (6) in x direction thus change the relative position of pulse laser line spot (11) irradiation on measured object (6) surface, realize detecting at x direction one-dimensional scanning, the detection waveform of the ultrasonic bulk wave detected with oscillograph (13) the recording laser vialog (14) be connected with laser vibration measurer (14), the measured object (6) recorded according to oscillograph (13) the in the x direction peak value at the peak of each position detection waveform is drawn two-dimentional B-Scan and is schemed;
The distance of inherent vice in the x direction between present position when determining that ultrasonic bulk wave amplitude is weakened for twice by inherent vice according to the grey value difference representing ultrasonic bulk wave in B-Scan figure and to be blocked for twice by inherent vice the amplitude of weakening, then the depth location of inherent vice is calculated according to formula (1)
h＝H(w-a)/w(1)
In formula (1), h is the depth location of inherent vice; A is the distance of inherent vice in the x direction between present position when to be ultrasonic bulk wave amplitude significantly weakened for twice by inherent vice; W is pulse laser line spot (11) and the distance of detection light (2), the distance of the pulse laser line spot (11) when namely meeting the shear wave amplitude maximum of the ultrasonic bulk wave of measured object (6) bottom reflection and detection light (2); H is measured object thickness.
2. the ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described pulse laser circular light spot (1) uses pulsed laser (12) Emission Lasers and formed afterwards through convex lens (9);
Described pulse laser line spot (11) uses pulsed laser (12) to excite short-pulse laser and focuses on rear formation through cylindrical convex lens (8).
3. the ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, pulsed laser (12) produces trigger pip (10) and exports to oscillograph (13) to control oscillograph (13) work.
4. the ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, measured object (6) is fixed on stepper motor (7), computing machine (15) control step motor (7) is mobile, realize measured object (6) two-dimensional movement on x-y face, computing machine (15) controls oscillograph (13) simultaneously and carries out the preservation of pointwise record to two-dimensional scan detection data.
5. the ultrasonic assay method of full optical lasers of material internal defect as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step, at measured object (6) by the side of pulse laser circular light spot (1) irradiation, be provided with transparent covering layer, make ultrasonic bulk wave maximum to the energy that heart direction is propagated.
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