CN103245729B - Detection method and device for internal defects of welding seams - Google Patents
Detection method and device for internal defects of welding seams Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection method and device for internal defects of welding seams. The detection method comprises the following steps of: firstly, establishing a corresponding relationship between typical ultrasonic wave echo characteristics and metallographic structures of corresponding welding seam cross sections, then, carrying out ultrasonic wave detection on the surface of a welding test block, and finally, judging whether detects exist inside the welding seams through comparative analysis of the detected ultrasonic wave echo characteristics and characteristic waveform library kurtosis coefficients. The device for implementing the method comprises an ultrasonic wave test block detection device and a PC (Personal Computer) system with MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) software, wherein the ultrasonic wave test block detection device comprises a test stand, the block to be tested, an ultrasonic flaw detector, a probe and coupling liquid which are sequentially connected with one another. According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the device is simple, rapid and effective and can be applied to nondestructive testing of welding seam defects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of non destructive testing, be specifically related to the Non-Destructive Testing of weld defect.
Background technology
The lossless detection method of current weldquality mainly contains Magnetic testing method, ray detection method, electromagnetic eddy method, Liquid penetrant testing method and ultrasonic inspection detection method.It is intuitively quick that Magnetic testing method observes defect, can determine the size of defect, scope and shape, have higher sensitivity, but be only applicable to ferrimagnet; Ray detection method can the image of display defect intuitively, is convenient to qualitative and quantitative analysis; Electromagnetic eddy method detection speed is fast, has higher sensitivity, can detect a flaw at high operating temperatures near surface flaw, can be used for special-shaped material and finding detection; Liquid penetrant testing method using method is simple, with low cost, reality is directly perceived, detection sensitivity is high, but can only detect piece surface flaws, is not suitable for the detection of porous material, and contaminated materials; Ultrasonic flaw detecting method, it compares above several detection method, have highly sensitive, directive property good, penetration power is strong, detection speed is fast, do not injure human body and do not pollute test specimen and environment, to position and quantitatively defect, applied widely, and be widely used in commercial production based on hyperacoustic detection method, the field such as health care, science and techniques of defence, technology maturation.
Ultrasound wave starts from nineteen thirty for the method studying internal structure of body, to nineteen forty-four and nineteen forty-six, succeed in developing pulse reflection ultra-sonic defect detector in the U.S. and Britain respectively, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) extensively enters field of industry detection subsequently, becomes a kind of important lossless detection method.UT (Ultrasonic Testing) mainly travels to and fro between the gambling contract time of defect by measuring-signal, determine the distance between defect and surface, and size and the position of defect are determined in the measurement amplitude of echoed signal and the position of transmitting transducer.The characteristics such as hyperacoustic velocity of sound, decay, impedance and scattering, for hyperacoustic application provides abundant information, and become the condition of its widespread use
Laser bonding has energy height and concentrates, and heating cooling procedure is extremely rapid, and welding seam deep width ratio is large, can realize high-accuracy antipollution vacuum environment welding, can also be applicable to the technology occasion that other many conventional bonding technique methods cannot complete.In the welding of superior automobile vehicle body and some special materials such as base, aircraft wing, spacecraft and Minor contact point, laser bonding is replacing traditional welding.Laser bonding is mainly divided into thermal conductance to weld and deep penetration welding two kinds, and the former laser power density grade is 10
5w/cm
2, the power density grade of deep penetration welding is 10
6w/cm
2.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of detection method and device of weld seam inherent vice, provides the Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement of the effective weldment inherent vice of simple and fast.
In order to solve above technical matters, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of detection method of weld seam inherent vice, be characterised in that the corresponding relation first setting up typical ultrasonic echo feature and corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure, then ultrasound examination is carried out on the surface of welding test block, judge weld seam inside whether defectiveness by the ultrasonic echo feature detected, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) be that metal welding fitting surface finish between 5 mm ~ 15 mm is smooth by gauge with sand paper, and with acetone cleaning polishing surface, to remove the foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr;
(2) UT (Ultrasonic Testing) instrument parameter is set, scan mode, head angle, probe type (monocrystalline or double crystal probe), frequency probe, damping size, sweep limit are set respectively, time delay, pickup mode, pulse pattern etc., next gets out coupling solution;
(3) ultrasonic fault detector probe is calibrated, obtain the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in metal welding fitting; Now, with the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in metal welding fitting and the thickness of metal welding fitting, ultrasound wave travel-time in test block is calculated;
(4) adopt double-crystal normal probe to detect a flaw to test block, probe is placed on above test block, utilize ultra-sonic defect detector to detect a flaw to welding test block welded seam area, obtain the ultrasound wave oscillogram of metal welding fitting, and record measuring position;
(5) adopt Linear cut along measuring everywhere perpendicular to weld seam cutting, the seam cross-section of acquisition is first polished to the side perpendicular to weld seam successively with the sand paper of particle from coarse to fine; With the surface after acetone cleaning polishing, the foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr on removing surface, according to the sand papering of standard metallographic specimen preparation section butt welded seam xsect, polishing, inlay, take section of weld joint figure under being put in laser confocal microscope;
(6) utilize experience Waveform Analysis Method, oscillogram is analyzed, set up typical ultrasonic echo feature and the corresponding relation of corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure, obtain the ultrasonic echo feature of typical weld seam inner structure; Ultra-sonic defect detector is utilized to detect a flaw to other metal welding fittings, according to flaw detection precision needs, equidistantly detect along metal welding fitting bead direction, obtain the oscillogram set of welding test block along bead direction, analyze with the ultrasonic echo Characteristic Contrast of typical defect weld seam inner structure, judge the weld seam whether existing defects of metal welding fitting.
Described experience Waveform Analysis Method refer to by hyperacoustic first time, second time and third time the wave amplitude of echo and pulsewidth, ultrasound wave propagation characteristic and to receive ripple frequency be in fact that a sign of pad value is to judge weldquality and defect type in defective test block.
Described metal welding fitting is same metal material.
Described exemplary ultrasonic ripple echo character is that the coefficient of kurtosis eigenwert KU that the amplitude being sampled point in order to the time calculates characterizes, and KU is the statistics numerical value of time-sampling point amplitude, is calculated by MATLAB means.
By the coefficient of kurtosis compare of analysis that the waveform coefficient of kurtosis of metal welding fitting to be detected and signature waveform storehouse carry out, differentiate and whether conform to exemplary ultrasonic ripple echo character, thus determine whether there is defect.
Described metal welding fitting gauge determines that according to the focusing range of ultrasonic probe be reference, within focusing range.
Realize a device for the detection method of described weld seam inherent vice, it is characterized in that: comprise test bench 1, metal welding fitting 2, the detection system be positioned on test bench 1; Described detection system comprise MATLAB software is installed PC system 10, ultra-sonic defect detector 9, coupling liquid 3, double-crystal normal probe 4, ultrasonic echo 5, the weld seam 6 be positioned on metal welding fitting 2, welding region 7 and heat-affected zone 8; Wherein double-crystal normal probe is twin crystal longitudinal wave probe, and probe is transmitting probe and receiving transducer simultaneously, both launches ultrasonic pulse, and receives ultrasonic pulse again, is to adopt general coupling liquid to be coupled between double-crystal normal probe and metal welding fitting.
The present invention has principle innovation and technological innovation, the corresponding relation of typical ultrasonic echo feature and corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure is set up according to certain material metal welding fitting, obtain the ultrasonic echo feature of typical defect weld seam inner structure, then according to flaw detection precision needs, equidistantly detect along metal welding fitting bead direction, obtain the oscillogram set of welding test block along bead direction, analyze with the ultrasonic echo Characteristic Contrast of typical defect weld seam inner structure, judge the weld seam whether existing defects of metal welding fitting, namely nondestructive examination and section of weld joint metallographic structure are associated, metal welding fitting weld seam internal microstructure feature can be obtained, form a kind of new ultrasonic echo Non-Destructive Testing new principle and technology.
The present invention has beneficial effect.The present invention is based on the detection method of ultrasonic echo flaw detection weld seam inherent vice, it is the new method of carrying out nondestructive examination on the basis of the ultrasonic echo feature obtaining certain material metal welding fitting typical defect weld seam inner structure along metal welding fitting bead direction, the one being existing metal welding fitting Inner Defect Testing method is supplementary, ultrasound wave is adopted to detect a flaw to jam welding test block, simple easily operation, have highly sensitive, directive property good, penetration power is strong, detection speed is fast, do not injure human body and do not pollute test specimen and environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the ultrasonic detection device of metal jam welding test block
Fig. 2 is the inner flawless section of weld joint figure of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser Butt welded seam
Fig. 3 is the inner flawless ultrasound wave oscillogram of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser Butt welded seam
Fig. 4 is the section of weld joint figure that there is shrinkage cavity defect 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser Butt welded seam inside
Fig. 5 is the ultrasound wave oscillogram that there is shrinkage cavity defect 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser Butt welded seam inside
In figure, 1. in test platform 2. metal welding fitting 3. coupling liquid 4. double-crystal normal probe 5. workpiece, the PC system of MATLAB program installed by heat-affected zone 9., ultrasonic echo 6. weld seam 7. jam welding region 8. ultra-sonic defect detector display equipment 10..
Embodiment
Details and the working condition of the concrete device that the present invention proposes is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one:
Based on a detection method for the weld seam inherent vice that described ultrasonic echo is detected a flaw, concrete operation step is as follows:
1. with sand paper by smooth for metal welding fitting surface finish, and with acetone cleaning polishing surface, to remove the foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr;
2. UT (Ultrasonic Testing) instrument parameter is set, scan mode, head angle, probe type (monocrystalline or double crystal probe), frequency probe, damping size, sweep limit are set respectively, time delay, pickup mode, pulse pattern etc., next gets out coupling solution;
3. pair ultrasonic fault detector probe is calibrated, and can obtain the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in metal welding fitting; Now, with the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in metal welding fitting and the thickness of metal welding fitting, ultrasound wave travel-time in test block can be calculated;
4. adopt double-crystal normal probe to detect a flaw to test block, probe is placed on above test block, utilize ultra-sonic defect detector to detect a flaw to welding test block welded seam area, obtain the ultrasound wave oscillogram of metal welding fitting, and record measuring position;
5. adopt Linear cut along measuring everywhere perpendicular to weld seam cutting, the seam cross-section of acquisition is first polished to the side perpendicular to weld seam successively with 200#, 500#, 800#, 1200#, 1500# sand paper; With the surface after acetone cleaning polishing, the foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr on removing surface, according to the sand papering of standard metallographic specimen preparation section butt welded seam xsect, polishing, inlay, under being put in OLYMPUS OSL3000 type laser confocal microscope, take section of weld joint figure;
6. utilize experience Waveform Analysis Method, oscillogram is analyzed, set up the corresponding relation of typical ultrasonic echo feature and corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure, choose the ultrasonic echo that inner structure exists the weld seam of pore, slag inclusion and crack defect, and the good ultrasonic echo of weld seam inner structure is as signature waveform;
7. four signature waveform data importings that ultra-sonic defect detector extracts are installed in the PC system of MATLAB software, set up the kurtosis value COEFFICIENT K U that signature waveform storehouse MATLAB calculates four waveforms;
8. utilize ultra-sonic defect detector to detect a flaw to other metal welding fittings, according to flaw detection precision needs, equidistantly detect along metal welding fitting bead direction, obtain the oscillogram set of welding test block along bead direction, calculate the kurtosis value COEFFICIENT K U of waveform, analyze with the ultrasonic echo Characteristic Contrast of typical defect weld seam inner structure, the type of the weld seam judging metal welding fitting whether existing defects and defect.
Embodiment two:
Metal laser Butt welded seam inherent vice ultrasonic detection device is carried out with the present invention, comprise: the test bench 1, metal welding fitting 2, the detection system that are connected successively, wherein detection system comprises ultra-sonic defect detector 9, double-crystal normal probe 4, coupling liquid 3, ultrasonic echo 5, the PC system 10 of installing MATLAB software, weld seam 6, welding region 7 and heat-affected zone 8.Use test block ultrasonic wave detecting system to complete metal welding fitting 2 to jam welding to detect a flaw, double-crystal normal probe 4 pairs of test blocks are used to scan, coupling liquid 3 is used to be coupled between probe and test block, scanning result shows on ultra-sonic defect detector display screen 9, the statistical conversion stored by ultra-sonic defect detector is to PC system 10, calculate kurtosis value COEFFICIENT K U with MATLAB software programming, compare with signature waveform storehouse, determine whether there is the type of defect and defect.
It is below the example of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser Butt welded seam Inner Defect Testing method and apparatus, laser is adopted to carry out laser jam welding test to 7075-T6 aluminium alloy, utilize ultra-sonic defect detector jam welding test block to carry out detecting a flaw and obtain the oscillogram of welding test block, and to wave form analysis, sample is observed in preparation metallographic structure, is put in OLYMPUS OSL3000 type laser confocal microscope shooting section of weld joint figure.
Fig. 3 is the inner flawless ultrasound wave oscillogram of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser Butt welded seam, and Fig. 2 is the inner flawless section of weld joint figure of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser Butt welded seam.Fig. 2 shows that ultrasonic echo is high-visible, and adjacent echo separation is almost equal, and weld seam corresponding when multiecho amplitude tapers off does not have obvious crackle and shrinkage cavity, and welding quality is high;
Fig. 5 is the inner defective ultrasound wave oscillogram of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser Butt welded seam, and Fig. 4 is the inner poor weld sectional view of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy laser Butt welded seam.Fig. 4 show hyperacoustic first time, for the second time, third time echo waveform amplitude is very low compared with ultrasound wave oscillogram flawless in Fig. 5, Mintrop wave is mild, amplitude is little, postpone backward, from occurred after third time echo echo detecting less than phenomenon, this shows that ultrasound wave encounters larger defect in test block is propagated, and occurs scattering clearly and frequency decay.Observe and find, corresponding metallographic structure figure has significantly wide and dark crackle and shrinkage cavity.
Experiment shows, the micro-metallographic structure feature of laser Butt welded seam can reflect on the echosonogram of correspondence, and different flaw echos has the waveform character of oneself uniqueness, there is corresponding relation to a certain extent.
Claims (7)
1. the detection method of a weld seam inherent vice, be characterised in that the corresponding relation first setting up typical ultrasonic echo feature and corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure, then ultrasound examination is carried out on the surface of welding test block, judge weld seam inside whether defectiveness by the ultrasonic echo feature detected, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) be that metal welding fitting surface finish between 5 mm ~ 15 mm is smooth by gauge with sand paper, and with acetone cleaning polishing surface, to remove the foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr;
(2) UT (Ultrasonic Testing) instrument parameter is set, arrange the probe of scan mode, head angle, monocrystalline or twin crystal type, frequency probe, damping size, sweep limit, time delay, pickup mode, pulse pattern respectively, next gets out coupling solution;
(3) ultrasonic fault detector probe is calibrated, obtain the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in metal welding fitting; Now, with the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in metal welding fitting and the thickness of metal welding fitting, ultrasound wave travel-time in test block is calculated;
(4) adopt double-crystal normal probe to detect a flaw to test block, probe is placed on above test block, utilize ultra-sonic defect detector to detect a flaw to welding test block welded seam area, obtain the ultrasound wave oscillogram of metal welding fitting, and record measuring position;
(5) adopt Linear cut along measuring everywhere perpendicular to weld seam cutting, the seam cross-section of acquisition is first polished to the side perpendicular to weld seam successively with the sand paper of particle from coarse to fine; With the surface after acetone cleaning polishing, the foreign material such as oxide film, dirt, burr on removing surface, according to the sand papering of standard metallographic specimen preparation section butt welded seam xsect, polishing, inlay, take section of weld joint figure under being put in laser confocal microscope;
Utilize experience Waveform Analysis Method, oscillogram is analyzed, set up typical ultrasonic echo feature and the corresponding relation of corresponding section of weld joint metallographic structure, obtain the ultrasonic echo feature of typical weld seam inner structure; Ultra-sonic defect detector is utilized to detect a flaw to other metal welding fittings, according to flaw detection precision needs, equidistantly detect along metal welding fitting bead direction, obtain the oscillogram set of welding test block along bead direction, analyze with the ultrasonic echo Characteristic Contrast of typical defect weld seam inner structure, judge the weld seam whether existing defects of metal welding fitting.
2. the detection method of a weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described experience Waveform Analysis Method refer to by hyperacoustic first time, second time and third time the wave amplitude of echo and pulsewidth, ultrasound wave propagation characteristic and to receive ripple frequency be in fact that a sign of pad value is to judge weldquality and defect type in defective test block.
3. a detection method for weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described metal welding fitting is same metal material.
4. the detection method of a weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described exemplary ultrasonic ripple echo character is that the coefficient of kurtosis eigenwert KU that the amplitude being sampled point in order to the time calculates characterizes, KU is the statistics numerical value of time-sampling point amplitude, is calculated by MATLAB means.
5. the detection method of a weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the coefficient of kurtosis compare of analysis that the waveform coefficient of kurtosis of metal welding fitting to be detected and signature waveform storehouse are carried out, differentiate and whether conform to exemplary ultrasonic ripple echo character, thus determine whether there is defect.
6. a detection method for weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described metal welding fitting gauge determines that according to the focusing range of ultrasonic probe be reference, within focusing range.
7. realize a device for the detection method of weld seam inherent vice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise test bench (1), metal welding fitting (2), the detection system be positioned on test bench (1); Described detection system comprise MATLAB software is installed PC system (10), ultra-sonic defect detector (9), coupling liquid (3), double-crystal normal probe (4), ultrasonic echo (5), the weld seam (6) be positioned on metal welding fitting (2), welding region (7) and heat-affected zone (8); Wherein double-crystal normal probe is twin crystal longitudinal wave probe, and probe is transmitting probe and receiving transducer simultaneously, both launches ultrasonic pulse, and receives ultrasonic pulse again, is to adopt general coupling liquid to be coupled between double-crystal normal probe and metal welding fitting.
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