CN102803906A - 磁感应的流量计 - Google Patents

磁感应的流量计 Download PDF

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CN102803906A
CN102803906A CN2010800260117A CN201080026011A CN102803906A CN 102803906 A CN102803906 A CN 102803906A CN 2010800260117 A CN2010800260117 A CN 2010800260117A CN 201080026011 A CN201080026011 A CN 201080026011A CN 102803906 A CN102803906 A CN 102803906A
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arms
flowmeter
pole
magnetic induction
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CN102803906B (zh
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J.格格
M.齐默曼
R.普施蒂尔
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Sensus Spectrum LLC
Sensus USA Inc
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Sensus Metering Systems Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/58Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
    • G01F1/588Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters combined constructions of electrodes, coils or magnetic circuits, accessories therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/58Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/58Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
    • G01F1/586Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters constructions of coils, magnetic circuits, accessories therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/06Indicating or recording devices
    • G01F15/068Indicating or recording devices with electrical means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/14Casings, e.g. of special material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/4902Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49993Filling of opening

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种磁感应的流量计,具有由塑料制成的耐压外壳,包括一个测量单元,具有一个由测量流体通流的具有矩形横截面的测量通道(31)、一个通道壁(32)、在通道壁(32)上的两个对置的磁极(10)、一个具有磁线圈(26)和磁芯(27)的、用于产生交变磁场的电磁铁和两个在通道壁(32)中对置的测量电极(34)。所述磁极(10)是长形板条(11’)形式的由电工钢板制成的冲压-弯曲-折叠部件,具有成形的、相互间隔的表面元件(10.1,10.2)。所述长形板条(11’)在折叠后形成双臂(11)。所述表面元件(10.1,10.2)在弯曲后形成磁极表面。所述双臂(11)和磁极表面形成磁极(10)。所述双臂(11)位于磁极(10)的背面上。

Description

磁感应的流量计
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分所述的磁感应的流量计。
背景技术
磁感应的流量计利用一种测量方法,它以电磁感应的法拉第定律为基础。在1832年在米歇尔·法拉第的公开文献中就已经确任了用于磁感应地测量流体流速的第一基本原理。现代电子电路技术与磁交变场相结合能够使与流速成比例的有效信号与干扰信号分离,它们在电-化学过程中在产生磁场时在用于信号耦出的电极上出现。因此磁感应的流量计的广泛工业应用似乎不再存在障碍。
磁感应的流量计的测量原理充分利用运动的电荷在磁场中的分离。通过由非磁化材料制成的管流动要被测量的导电的液体,管的内侧面电绝缘。从外面利用线圈施加一个磁场。在导电的液体中存在的电荷载体、离子和其它充电的颗粒通过磁场偏转:正电荷载体向着一侧,负电荷载体向着另一侧。在垂直于磁场设置的测量电极上通过电荷分离产生电压,它通过测量仪获得。测得的电压强度与电荷载体的流速成比例并因此与测量流体的流速成比例。利用时间上的积分能够求得流量。
在以纯交流电压产生的磁场中导致在电极中感应干扰电压,它们必须通过适合的但是费事的滤波器抑制。因此一般通过变换极性的脉动直流产生磁场。这保证稳定的零点和相对于多相物质的影响和液体中的不均匀性不敏感地测量。因此在低导电性时也可以实现可利用的测量信号。
如果测量液体通过测量管流动,按照感应定律在两个测量电极上出现一个电压,测量电极在测量管中垂直于流动方向且垂直于磁场设置。这个电压在对称的流动轮廓和均匀的磁场中直接与平均流速成比例。感应的流量测量方法能够直接由流量产生用于继续处理的可利用的电信号。原理上适用于等式:
U=k*B*D*v
其中U=电压,k=比例系数,B=磁场强度,D=管直径,v=流速。
在US 6,626,048 B1中公开了一种磁场感应流量计的实现方法,其整个公开内容在这里通过引用组合。但是这个文献只示出物理和电的基本原理,没有实际的实现性。
当然,在实际实现磁感应流量计时要解决显著的问题。
其中一个是材料问题。测量管必需是非磁化的,用于不干扰磁场。测量管还必需是电绝缘的,用于不干扰借助于电极接收电压。此外测量管必需由对食品安全的原料制成,如果流体是食品、例如饮料的时候。
如果作为原料使用对食品安全的塑料,则能够最好地满足这些要求。但是塑料与金属相比存在强度明显低的缺陷。但是强度相对于内压是必需的前提。通过管壁的最大厚度实现内压强度的尝试是不可行的,因为否则极大地削弱了磁场。
如上所述,测量电极上的电压与磁场强度成比例,前提是磁场均匀地渗透测量通道。US 6,626,048 B1对于圆柱形测量通道公开了一个解决方案,由一个具有由铁磁电工钢板制成的磁芯的磁线圈以及两个与磁芯耦联的由软磁电工钢板制成的磁极组成。但是实际的实验已经证实,通过这个结构不能实现满意的测量结果。原因是电工钢板中相对较长的场线和较大的磁阻,因为磁回路围绕电极设置。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,给出一个磁感应的流量计,它克服上述的问题并且提供最佳的测量结果。
这个目的通过具有权利要求1特征的磁感应流量计得以实现。
按照本发明的磁极的主要优点是磁场线均匀地分布在整个极表面上,通过双臂作用于磁极的背面上。通过双臂的巧妙尺寸能够影响磁场线的分布。同时冲压-折叠-弯曲部件能够全自动且大批量地加工。
按照本发明的扩展结构所述磁极表面是三角形的,由此形成的磁极是矩形的。可以选择椭圆形的磁极。
所述双臂具有其它优点。按照本发明的一个扩展结构,如果电磁铁的磁芯或者无论如何在其端部上扁平地构成,由此使它能够夹紧在双臂之间。通过这种方式使在电磁铁中产生的磁场线最佳且没有削弱的气隙地分布在双臂的两个部件上,它们使磁场线继续传导到磁极的表面元件里面。
为了易于装配电磁铁的磁芯可以使双臂的端部漏斗形地扩展。
为了能够搬运和定位电磁铁、磁芯和磁极,按照本发明的改进方案设有一个塑料固定体,它夹紧地固定这些部件。
按照一个优选的扩展结构所述塑料固定体具有大致U形的形状,具有一个在端头上的稳定横臂、两个短侧腿、与其平行的两个长侧腿、一个在长侧腿与短侧腿之间的槽,与双臂和磁芯的强度相协调、和侧面导向,它们保证磁极双臂位置正确地定位在长侧腿上。
这个塑料固定体的优点是,可以通过简单的插接过程装配磁部件。可以简单且可靠地搬运由塑料固定体和磁部件组成的组合并最终装配在磁感应的流量计里面。
按照一个改进方案所述长侧腿可以终结在一个钩里面。这个结构的优点是,使磁感应流量计的外壳与其匹配地成形。
附图说明
借助于附图以实施例的形式详细解释本发明。附图中:
图1示出由电工钢板制成的冲压-弯曲-折叠部件,用于加工矩形的磁极,
图2示出由此制成的磁极,
图3以正视图示出一个电磁铁,具有扁平的磁芯和两个按照图1的磁极,夹紧地固定在塑料固定体里面,
图4示出图3的侧视图,
图5示出配备磁部件的图3的塑料固定体,安装在磁感应的流量计的横向剖视的外壳里面。
具体实施方式
图1示出一个由电工钢板制成的冲压-弯曲-折叠部件。可以看出长形板条11’,在其上以相互间隔成形三角形的表面元件10.1,10.2。在表面元件10.1,10.2之间在板条11’上设有折叠线12。在板条11’与表面元件10.1,10.2之间设有弯曲线13。
图2示出由图1的部件通过沿着线12折叠和沿着线13弯曲产生的磁极10。两个三角形表面元件10.1,10.2互补成一个矩形磁极。双臂11的自由端漏斗形地扩展。可以容易地实现其它形状的磁极表面,例如倒圆的,椭圆形等。
这个磁极10的主要优点除了简单加工以外还在于通过双臂11最佳地导引磁场到极表面。此外电磁铁26的磁芯27的扁平端部(图3和4)能够夹紧在双臂11之间,由此使由电磁铁26产生的磁场最佳地且没有干扰气隙地进入到极表面。
图3示出电磁铁26与扁平磁芯27,其端部夹紧在两个磁极10的双臂11之间。磁部件10,27本身夹紧地固定在一个塑料固定体20里面。该塑料固定体20具有大致U形的形状,具有端头上的稳定横臂21、两个短侧腿22、两个与其平行的长侧腿23、一个在两个侧腿22,23之间的槽、与双臂11和磁芯27相协调和侧面导向24,它们保证双臂11位置正确地定位在长侧腿23上。
在磁线圈26中产生的交变磁场通过磁芯27大面积地传递到双臂11并且从双臂传递到磁线圈10,从那里产生通过双箭头象征性表示的均匀磁场。
图4以侧视图示出图3的装置。可以看出夹紧在双臂11之间的磁芯27和夹紧在侧腿22,23之间的双臂11。此外可以看到在长腿23下端部上成形的钩25,它与磁感应流量计外壳上的相应对应体相对应。
图5示出图3和4的塑料固定体20,具有装配的磁部件10,26,27,安装在磁感应的流量计外壳里面,以横截面图示出流量计。磁感应的流量计具有矩形的测量通道31,具有长的侧壁32,在其外表面上顶靠磁极10,用于在测量通道31内部产生通过双箭头象征性表示的均匀的磁场。还可以看到一个安装在测量通道31里面的电极34,它垂直于磁场取向并且在其上可以接收测量电压,它与要测量的流量成比例。
图5以横截面图还示出用于外壳的外部加强支架,它由两个平行的、在这里垂直取向的第一长筋40和两个与其垂直的第二长筋41组成。两个长筋40,41终结在一个横隔板42里面,在其背面存在用于测量流体的(在这里不可见的)入口接管或出口接管。磁线圈26定位在两个电极34的一个电极旁边,而且尽可能靠近。由此使从磁线圈26通过磁芯27和双臂11到磁极表面的磁路径非常短并保持自由接触电极34,用于截取测量电压。
最后还看到在测量通道31的壁体32与第一长筋40之间的内部横隔板37,它使由测量通道31中的内压施加在通道壁32上的压力传递到外部支架40,41上。

Claims (10)

1. 一种磁感应的流量计具有由塑料制成的耐压外壳,包括一个测量单元,该测量单元具有
-一个由测量流体通流的具有矩形横截面的测量通道(31),
-一个通道壁(32),
-在通道壁(32)上的两个对置的磁极(10),
-一个具有磁线圈(26)和磁芯(27)的、用于产生交变磁场的电磁铁,
-和两个在通道壁(32)中对置的测量电极(34),其特征在于,
-所述磁极(10)是长形板条(11’)形式的由电工钢板制成的冲压-弯曲-折叠部件,具有成形的、相互间隔的表面元件(10.1,10.2),
-所述长形板条(11’)在折叠后形成双臂(11),
-所述表面元件(10.1,10.2)在弯曲后形成磁极表面,
-所述双臂(11)和磁极表面形成磁极(10),
-所述双臂(11)位于磁极(10)的背面上。
2. 如权利要求1所述的磁感应的流量计,其特征在于,
-所述磁线圈(26)定位在一个测量电极(34)旁边,
-所述双臂与磁极表面对角地延伸。
3. 如权利要求1或2所述的磁感应的流量计,其特征在于,
-所述表面元件(10.1,10.2)是三角形的,
-所述磁极表面形成一个矩形,
-所述双臂(11)垂直地竖立在磁极表面上。
4. 如权利要求1或2所述的磁感应的流量计,其特征在于,
-所述表面元件是倒圆的,
-所述磁极表面形成一个椭圆,
-所述双臂(11)垂直地竖立在磁极表面上。
5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的磁感应的流量计,其特征在于,
-所述电磁铁(26)的磁芯(27)是
-扁平的
-且夹紧在双臂(11)之间。
6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的磁感应的流量计,其特征在于,
-所述双臂(11)的端部漏斗形地扩展。
7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的磁感应的流量计,其特征在于,
-一个塑料固定体(20)夹紧地固定磁线圈(26)、磁芯(27)和磁极(10)。
8. 如权利要求7所述的磁感应的流量计,其特征在于,
-所述塑料固定体(20)具有大致U形的形状,具有
-一个在端头上的稳定横臂(21),
-两个短侧腿(22),
-与其平行的两个长侧腿(23)
-和一个在两个侧腿(22,23)之间的槽,与双臂(11)和磁芯(27)的夹紧固定相协调。
9. 如权利要求7或8所述的磁感应的流量计,其特征在于,
-侧面导向(24)保证双臂(11)位置正确地定位在长侧腿(23)上。
10. 如权利要求7,8或9所述的磁感应的流量计,其特征在于,
-所述长侧腿(23)终结在一个钩(25)中。
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