CN102803431B - 用于油田应用的剂和组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于油田应用的能够分散于水的剂,为纳米原纤维纤维素(NFC)。在水中混合的纳米原纤维纤维素给予泵送到地下含油地层的组合物剪切稀化性能,以帮助石油回收。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于油田应用的剂和组合物。
发明背景
数种组合物广泛用于油田应用,例如,帮助为了从地下回收石油进行的各种操作。这些组合物的实例为泵送到地下的各种工作流体。这些流体具有水作为载体,并且含有给予流体适合性质的溶解和/或分散的剂。这些工作流体的实例为用于将钻孔向下钻入地下的钻探泥浆或钻探流体,其中钻探泥浆由于其非牛顿粘度性能(更准确地说,其剪切稀化性质),由于低粘度容易在钻孔机内以高剪切速率泵送,但能够使固体物质(钻探岩屑)悬浮,并由于其高粘度而将悬浮的物质以低剪切速率输送到钻孔上。这些组合物通常含有以适合浓度溶于水的聚合物。用于此目的的广泛使用的聚合物,所谓的“增粘剂”或流变改性剂,包括黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚(丙烯酰胺)(PAM)和聚乙烯醇(PVOH)。
其中粘度性能具有重要功能的其它组合物为用于促进石油回收的水力破碎组合物、砾石填充组合物和所谓的置换流体。所有这些组合物用一些“增粘剂”聚合物作为流变改性剂。
用于组合物的其它剂为密封剂,即,控制损失循环的剂。这些剂在加入泵送到地下的流体时密封裂缝和可渗透地层并防止地下实际工作流体的损失。
例如,美国专利6348436描述一种包含纤维素纳米原纤维的钻探流体,所述纤维素纳米原纤维从至少80%初生壁组成的细胞获得,并且基本为非晶形。这些纳米原纤维的原料为从薄壁组织细胞获得的浆,尤其从蔬菜,例如甜菜根浆获得。纳米原纤维在表面带有单独或作为混合物的羧酸和酸性多糖。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的是提供一种可在不同组合物中包括的剂,所述组合物可用于从地下含油地层(储油层)提取油的各种操作,尤其是从油井初次开采不再可能或经济上可行的应用。提供为了这些目的用于油田的方法也是本发明的目的。然而,本发明不限于这些应用,但剂和组合物可用于剂的特征(尤其其流变改性性质)经证明有用的油田中的任何可行应用。
所述目的用一种剂达到,所述剂为纳米原纤维纤维素(NFC),所述剂具有可用于各种油田应用的很多性质,尤其黄原胶、CMC、PAM或PVOH与水混合使用的那些应用。
在含水环境中,纳米原纤维纤维素(也称为微原纤维纤维素)由直径在亚微米范围的纤维素纤维组成。它甚至在低浓度形成自组装水凝胶网络。纳米原纤维纤维素的这些凝胶为高剪切稀化和触变性质。由于纳米原纤维纤维素凝胶的固有性质,所述材料也显示强的聚集悬浮力。
纳米原纤维纤维素一般从植物源的纤维素原料制备。原料可基于含有纤维素的任何植物材料。原料也可从某些细菌发酵过程得到。植物材料可以为木材。木材可来自软木树,如云杉、松、冷杉、落叶松、花旗松或铁杉;或来自硬木树,如桦、欧洲山杨、白扬、桤木、桉或刺槐,或者来自软木和硬木的混合物。非木材料可来自农业残渣、草或其它植物物质,如禾杆、叶、皮、种子、果壳、花、蔬菜或果实,来自棉花、玉米、小麦、燕麦、黑麦、大麦、稻、亚麻、大麻、蕉麻、剑麻、黄麻、苎麻、洋麻、甘蔗渣、竹或芦苇。纤维素原料也可得自产生纤维素的微生物。微生物可以为:醋酸杆菌属(Acetobacter)、土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)或产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes),优选醋酸杆菌属,更优选木醋杆菌种(Acetobacter xylinum)或巴斯德醋酸杆菌种(Acetobacter pasteurianus)。
术语“纳米原纤维纤维素”是指从纤维素原料得到的分离的纤维素微原纤维或微原纤维束的集合。微原纤维一般具有高长径比,长度可超过1微米,而数均直径一般低于200nm。微原纤维束的直径也可以更大,但一般小于1μm。最小的微原纤维类似于所谓的初级原纤维,一般2-12nm直径。原纤维或原纤维束的尺寸取决于原料和分解方法。纳米原纤维纤维素也可含有一些半纤维素,量取决于植物源。从纤维素原料、纤维素浆或精制浆机械分解微原纤维纤维素用适合的设备进行,例如精研机、研磨机、均化器、除胶器、磨擦研磨机、超声发生器、流化器(如,微流化器、大流化器或流化器型均化器)。在此情况下,纳米原纤维纤维素通过分解植物纤维素材料得到,并可称为“纳米原纤化纤维素”。“纳米原纤维纤维素”也可直接从某些发酵过程分离。本发明的产生纤维素的微生物可以为醋酸杆菌属、土壤杆菌属、根瘤菌属、假单胞菌属或产碱杆菌属,优选醋酸杆菌属,更优选木醋杆菌种或巴斯德醋酸杆菌种。“纳米原纤维纤维素”也可以为纤维素纳米原纤维或纳米原纤维束的任何化学或物理改性衍生物。化学改性可例如基于纤维素分子的羧甲基化、氧化、酯化或醚化反应。改性也可通过在纤维素表面上物理吸附阴离子、阳离子或非离子物质或这些物质的任何组合而实现。所述改性可在生产微原纤维纤维素之前、之后或期间进行。
根据一个实施方案,纳米原纤化纤维素为非薄壁组织纤维素。在此情况下,非薄壁组织纳米原纤化纤维素可以为在发酵过程中通过微生物直接产生的纤维素,或者在非薄壁组织植物组织中产生的纤维素,例如,由具有厚、次生细胞壁的细胞组成的组织。纤维为这种组织的一个实例。
纳米原纤化纤维素可由化学预改性以使纤维素更不稳定的纤维素制成。这种纳米原纤化纤维素的原料为从纤维素原料或纤维素浆的特定改性得到的不稳定纤维素浆或纤维素原料。例如,N-氧基中介的氧化(例如,2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶N-氧化物)产生容易分解成微原纤维纤维素的很不稳定的纤维素材料。例如,专利申请WO 09/084566和JP 20070340371公开这些改性。与由未不稳定化或“正常”纤维素制成的纳米原纤化纤维素NFC-N对比,通过这种预改性或“不稳定化”生产的纳米原纤化纤维素简称“NFC-L”。
纳米原纤化纤维素优选由植物材料制成。一个替代方案是从非薄壁组织植物材料得到纳米原纤维,其中纳米原纤维从次生细胞壁得到。纤维素纳米原纤维的一个丰富来源是木质纤维。纳米原纤化纤维素通过均化木材衍生的纤维原料(可以为化学浆)生产。在从木质纤维生产NFC-L时,纤维素通过氧化不稳定化,然后分解成纳米原纤维。在一些上述设备中分解产生具有仅一些纳米的直径的纳米原纤维,最多50nm,并且在水中得到澄清的分散体。纳米原纤维可减小到大多数原纤维的直径只在2-20nm范围的大小。产生于次生细胞壁的原纤维基本为具有至少55%结晶度的结晶体。
在分散于水中时,此类型NFC,在以下说明中或者称为“NFC-L”,具有作为流变改性剂的优良性能,尤其是作为增粘剂。这使它可能用于油田应用组合物,其中NFC分散于水,单独或与一些其它增粘剂和/或其它添加剂混合,在不同的流体中在油田中帮助从地下地层回收石油,或者用于支持石油回收过程的其它操作。在本文中,“地下”也指在海床中,即,海上操作。
在低剪切速率下的高粘度、在高剪切速率下的良好可泵送性、与油的不溶混性和固体的良好悬浮能力使本发明的NFC(尤其NFC-L)理想地用于制备石油回收或辅助操作所用的不同工作流体。这些流体包括:
- 水力破碎流体;
- 用于砾石填充的载体流体;
- 隔离流体;
- 促进石油回收中的置换流体,“灌注流体”;
- 钻探流体,和
- 完井和修井流体(例如,描述于美国专利3,882,029)。
在含有NFC作为增粘剂的流体用于地下地层时,NFC的堵孔能力也是有用的性质。
本发明还涉及使用一些上述流体的石油回收或辅助油田操作的方法。
发明详述
以下参考附图描述本发明,这些附图说明本发明的剂的一些有用性质。在附图中:
图1为显示储存和损失模量作为频率函数的NFC分散体的频率扫描曲线图;
图2显示与钻探流体中一般用作增稠剂的聚合物比较,NFC分散体的粘度作为施加的剪切应力的函数;
图3显示与钻探流体中一般用作增稠剂的聚合物比较,NFC分散体的粘度作为测量的剪切速率的函数;
图4显示NFC分散体在流变仪中剪切期间的剪切速率和粘度的演变;
图5显示在高剪切速率剪切后NFC分散体的结构恢复;
图6和7显示三种不同流体的压降和计算粘度;
图8显示NFC分散体对砾石悬浮的悬浮能力;和
图9为在油田应用中使NFC流动的示意图。
作为纳米原纤维纤维素(NFC)的剂可用作流变改性剂或密封剂。它与水现场混合,即,在油田混合,并且可在浓分散体中输送或干燥输送。NFC耐受充分不同的水性质,如宽范围的盐度和pH。
在组合物中用作增粘剂时,纳米原纤维纤维素(NFC)可以为NFC-L,其根据以上说明的不稳定化方法生产。在水中仅少量(0.1和1.0重量%之间)就足以实现低剪切速率下的高粘性水平和高剪切速率下的良好的可泵送性(低粘度)。在最优选的情况下,在1xE-4 – 1xE-3 1/s的低剪切速率,在水中仅0.5% NFC浓度就可达到甚至超过10000Pa.s的粘度。因此,在石油回收中使用大量流体时,需要向制备流体的场所输送比以前更小量的增粘剂。流体通常在油田中通过向水中投入增粘剂和可能的添加剂而制备,需要更少量增粘剂减少对油田的运输成本。
在用作密封剂时,纳米原纤维纤维素(NFC)可以为标准级NFC-N,它具有更大直径和更有效的孔密封性质。它可在组合物中与较粗大小的其它固体可悬浮密封剂一起使用,例如,纤维,例如常规纤维素浆的纤维。
在以下实施例中描述由非薄壁组织植物材料纤维制成的纳米原纤化纤维素(NFC-N和NFC-L)的性质。然而,本发明不只限于此来源的NFC。
NFC的一般性质
实施例1:胶凝强度
静止的凝胶状性质对石油回收中所用流体的最佳悬浮能力极其重要。通过在钻探流体中使用NFC,可在低浓度得到高胶凝强度,如图1中所示,其中1.35% NFC-N分散体的储存和损失模量表示为频率的函数。结果用在流变仪(StressTech,Reologica Instruments Ab,Sweden)中的振荡频率扫描测量得到,该流变仪装配有板-板(直径20mm,间隙1mm)几何结构。图1中显示的结果对于凝胶状材料是典型的。G’大于G’’几个数量级,这意味着弹性(类固体)性质比粘性(类液体)特征更显著。G’和G’’两者相对独立于频率对凝胶也是典型的。
实施例2:流动性质
在石油回收中使用的液体需要在低剪切(或静止)具有高粘度(用于最佳悬浮能力),而且在较高剪切速率显示剪切稀化性能,以促进泵送。NFC提供这些种类的流变性质的能力在试验系列中得到证明,其中NFC分散体的粘度在旋转流变仪(AR-G2, TA Instruments, UK)中用叶片几何结构在宽剪切应力(速率)范围内测量。图2显示与0.5%聚丙烯酰胺和CMC(为钻探流体中一般用作增稠剂的聚合物)比较,0.5%NFC分散体的粘度作为施加的剪切应力的函数。NFC分散体显示比钻探流体中一般使用的其它聚合物高得多的零剪切粘度(在小剪切应力下恒定粘度的区域),如图2中所示。NFC的零剪切粘度由原料的上述不稳定化(例如由2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基中介的氧化)导致的较小纳米原纤维直径极大增加。NFC分散体在剪切稀化性能开始时的应力(“屈服应力”)也显著高于参比材料。材料的悬浮能力越好,屈服应力越高。NFC分散体的粘度在施加高于屈服应力的应力后显著下降。图3显示与0.5%聚丙烯酰胺和CMC比较,0.5%NFC分散体的粘度作为测量剪切速率的函数。从此图明显看到,NFC分散体的粘度在相对小剪切速率下降,并在约200s-1剪切速率达到与对参比材料测量的类似的水平。
实施例3:剪切终止后的结构恢复
钻探流体的另一重要性质是在剪切(例如,泵送)已停止后保持高水平粘度。NFC分散体的结构恢复由试验系列证实,其中首先使材料在流变仪(StressTech, Reologica Instruments Ab)在高剪切速率剪切,并且在停止剪切后,用振荡时间扫描测量监测胶凝强度(G’)恢复。剪切循环在同心圆筒几何结构中以40Pa的恒定应力进行61秒。在此试验期间在流变仪中剪切0.7%NFC-N分散体时的剪切速率和粘度演变显示于图4中。材料在相对高剪切速率(1000s-1)剪切至少40秒时间,在此期间材料的粘度下降到低于40mPa s。
在停止剪切后,G’(胶凝强度的度量)的演变通过恒定频率(1Hz)和小应力(0.5Pa)下的振荡测量跟踪。测量在剪切停止后正好10秒开始。图5显示与用玻璃棒轻轻混合后的情况比较,在高剪切速率剪切后0.7%NFC-N分散体的结构恢复,从图5明显看到,在NFC分散体在高剪切速率剪切后使它静止时,很快形成凝胶网络。在剪切中止(等于在图5中的0时间)后10秒已观察到实质结构恢复。在保持NFC分散体静止小于10分钟后,达到恒定储存模量(G’)水平。广泛剪切的NFC分散体产生的G’-水平可与在结构恢复试验前只用玻璃棒轻轻混合的NFC分散体相比。
实施例4:高剪切速率下的粘度
在低剪切速率下保持高剪切粘度和在高剪切速率下保持低粘度允许以下两者:从储层有效置换原油,同时泵送成本低(甚至低于纯水)。在图6和7中显示在约0.5%浓度三种不同流体的压降和计算粘度。图6显示在13mm直径不锈钢管中的压降-速度。图7显示表观粘度-剪切速率,其中表观粘度用公式1从图1计算。
这些实施例显示在速度高于4m/s时NFC-L得到比纯水更低的压降。在加工工业中的泵送速度通常高于此速度。
压降改变是由于NFC和CMC流体的剪切稀化性能。
压降测量用Fisher Rosemount差压变送器在13mm直径垂直不锈钢管中进行。用公式1从测量的压差和流速计算表观粘度。使用三个校准的力传感器并假定流体密度为1000kg/m3来测量流速和速度。
表观粘度的定义如下。通常假定层流抛物线型速度分布(毛细管粘度计)。这产生表观粘度的以下表达:
, (1)
其中为表观粘度,为剪切应力,为剪切速率, dP 为压降, L 为压降测量位置之间的距离, Q 为流速, R 为管直径。
对于长泵送管线和钻孔,减小的压降实质上减少泵送成本。
实施例5:混合
由于被储层中的高压推出,原油可从油井提取。然而,在回收过程中,压力快速减小,石油流动停止。分别低于或高于油层注入另一种流体-水或二氧化碳气体允许从油井提取更多石油。将此称为“注水”。然而,在此注水操作中,可在水和原油之间的界面产生流体动力学不稳定性。在较小粘性流体(水或气体)推压多孔介质中的较大粘性流体(石油)时,一般出现此不稳定性。由于不稳定性,在较大粘性流体中生长较小粘性流体的“手指”。在通过储层的流动增加时,这些手指更得更窄。此不稳定性限制油井的产量,因为如果通量变得太高,手指就可快速达到油井的入口,并将主要回收水或气体,而不是石油。此“成指”被称为萨夫曼-泰勒(Saffman-Taylor)不稳定性。这由注射流体的性质剧烈改变。到目前已确定改变的三种不同原因:动态(和各向异性)表面张力、非牛顿剪切粘度和拉伸粘度。第一和第三种过程产生宽得多的手指,且加入更多(或更少)的添加剂允许对于给定的手指速度控制手指宽度。较宽的手指增加油井的产量。
已知向水中加入NFC剧烈增加水粘度,因此“手指”更宽或甚至消失。
实施例6
如前面实施例中所示,甚至很稀的NFC分散体也在低剪切速率下具有很高粘度。在剪切(例如循环)停止时,也恢复水凝胶结构。在静态条件,NFC形成具有高弹性模量和极高屈服应力的水凝胶网络。由于这些性质,甚至在很低浓度NFC也具有很高的固体颗粒悬浮能力。
在静态条件的悬浮能力用砾石悬浮证实。NFC-N和NFC-L的0.5%分散体能够使甚至2-3mm大小的砾石颗粒稳定很长时间,如图8中所示。附图显示两种砾石悬浮体在0.5%NFC-N(顶行)和在0.5%NFC-L(底行)中经17天时间的能力。砾石为平均粒径为1-2mm和2-3mm的CEN标准砂(EN 196-1)。样品在室温储存。
应注意到,NFC-L能够在比NFC-N更低的浓度使颗粒悬浮体稳定。
在需要高颗粒携带能力的油田应用流体中,可利用NFC分散体的假塑性和悬浮能力,如图9中所示,图9为具有悬浮固体颗粒的基于NFC的油田应用流体流动的示意图。在环形流动分布的中部,剪切速率低,粘度则相应很高,这提供高携带能力。接近壁,剪切速率高,这允许高泵送速率。
实施例7
NFC分散体具有密封多孔材料的倾向。在石油回收流体中,可利用NFC的密封性质,例如以阻止在基于水的流体中的损失循环。
NFC的密封性质可容易地利用常规布氏真空过滤设备用具有可变孔隙率的滤布和毡证实。在试验中,用Larox Pannevis Büchner实验室真空过滤器过滤NFC-N的1%含水分散体的100g样品。使用一系列Tamfelt滤布和毡,参见表1。应注意到,如果孔隙率等于或高于20μm,NFC就会迁移通过过滤器。如果过滤器孔隙率等于或小于15μm,在抽吸后NFC就立即在滤布顶上形成滤饼。在此情况下,滤液中的NFC含量为0.0%。在过滤器上形成NFC滤饼的情况下,过滤花费很长时间,一般需要8-10分钟得到10%固体含量。因此,在最初MFC原纤维沉积在孔上后,水渗透通过孔很慢。
表1. 布氏真空过滤试验中使用的滤布和毡类型及结果汇总。
过滤器型号 | 孔径(μm) | 结果 |
S5111-L1 | 35 | NFC在滤液中 |
S5118-L1 | 30 | NFC在滤液中 |
S5118-L1K2 | 20 | NFC在滤液中 |
S5118-L1K3 | 15 | NFC在过滤器上 |
S2182-L2K2 | 8 | NFC在过滤器上 |
S2260-L2 | 8 | NFC在过滤器上 |
S2181-V2L1K3 | 6 | NFC在过滤器上 |
也可调节密封性质。如果使较大纤维素纤维与NFC混合,也可密封较高孔隙率的膜。例如,如果常规纤维素浆加入到1% NFC分散体(浆/NFC为10/90),则可密封100μm孔隙率过滤器。其次,通过在NFC分散体中混入某些添加剂,例如,羧甲基纤维素,可迫使NFC迁移通过6至8μm过滤器。
根据NFC分散体的密封性质,很明显可在需要密封性质的油田应用流体中利用含水NFC分散体。在那些流体中,NFC充当密封剂、毛面剂或作为桥连剂。
油田中的用途
纳米原纤维纤维素可输送到要将它与水混合的使用场所。它可干燥输送或作为在水中的浓缩物输送。为了促进干燥,在分解后得到的含水NFC可与另一种大分子物质混合并一起干燥,以帮助干燥,例如与另一种流变改性剂(如CMC)。因此,本发明也包括NFC(NFC-N或NFC-L)与其它流变改性剂混合的剂和组合物。
另一种替代方案是在应用场所从原料通过将它分解成纳米原纤维大小的纤维素来制备纳米原纤化纤维素。NFC可从输送到现场的干燥或浓缩的纤维素原料或纤维素浆在应用场所制得。根据一个有利的实施方案,首先使纤维素原料或纤维素浆化学预改性,以使其更不稳定,随后作为不稳定化的纤维素原料或不稳定化的纤维素浆输送到应用场所,并最终现场分解以形成纳米原纤化纤维素(NFC-L)。
由于其性质,本发明的剂(NFC-N或NFC-L)可在以下流体中作为一个组分用于油田应用。
促进石油回收的流体(置换流体):用于通过组合物从地层提取石油,将所述组合物泵送到注入孔下,然后,通过作为在石油中具有最小渗透或“成指”的粘性流体前部面向生产井移动,而从地层向生产井置换石油。
钻探流体:与钻井相关,用于去除钻探岩屑、悬浮高比重材料和细岩屑、密封钻孔以使流体进入地层的损失最小、提供静水压头以防止高压流体井喷至钻孔或向上通过钻孔直至地面、和冷却钻头以及润滑以防止钻管在旋转期间粘住。除了流变改性剂外,钻探流体一般还含有粘土。
水力破碎流体:用于破碎地层中的地质结构,以产生用于石油的新通道。破碎流体以足够高压力和体积速率泵送通过管线化向下通入含油区域的管线化井孔,以引起裂缝形成并在周围的地质地层内蔓延。除了流变改性剂(有时也称为“胶凝剂”)外,流体的组分之一为所谓的“支撑剂”,它是一种粒状固体材料。破碎流体将支撑剂输送到在破碎期间形成和蔓延的裂缝,以便在释放压力后支撑剂保持裂缝打开。因此,支撑剂分布到地质地层增加地层的渗透性。流变改性剂给予流体悬浮能力,以便流体能够充当支撑剂的载体。
用于砾石填充的载体流体:在砾石填充中,将固体颗粒的紧密填充块放入钻孔和连接到钻孔的穿孔,以便由石油产生的松散地下地层材料由砾石填充筛除,并防止进入井孔。在典型的操作中,首先将管状砾石填充筛放入与其中的穿孔相邻的钻孔,然后,将具有悬浮于其中的固体颗粒填充材料的载体流体泵送入筛外部和含有穿孔的钻孔壁之间的空间。在载体流体已筛除后,将填充材料留在穿孔中和筛与钻孔壁之间的环形空间中。在替代技术中,将载体流体-填充材料悬浮体泵送进入钻孔和穿孔,由此填充穿孔。随后,放置管状筛,用相同或不同的载体液体-填充材料悬浮体填充筛外部和钻孔壁之间的环。
隔离流体:隔离流体在石油工业中用于置换和分离井孔中的不同流体。其目的是使两种流体的接触或混合最小。这些应用包括:将水泥与钻探流体分离;用盐水置换钻探流体;将基于油的钻探流体与基于水的钻探流体分离;回收昂贵的基于油的流体和盐水;防止化学处理溶液的稀释。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于油田应用的剂,其是能够分散于水的纳米原纤维纤维素,其特征在于所述纳米原纤维纤维素主要由非薄壁组织纤维素组成,所述非薄壁组织纤维素是来自木材衍生的纤维原料的次生细胞壁的原纤维,所述纤维素经化学预改性以使其更不稳定,所述原纤维基本为具有至少55%结晶度的结晶体并具有小于50 nm的直径,以及当所述纳米原纤维纤维素在0.5 wt%浓度在水中分散时,
-在1xE-4 – 1xE-3 1/s的剪切速率,达到超过1000 Pa.s的粘度;
-达到超过10.0 Pa的屈服应力,即在剪切稀化性能开始时的应力;和
-在屈服应力前达到超过5000 Pa.s的粘度。
2.权利要求1的剂,其特征在于通过氧化使纤维素更不稳定。
3.权利要求1或2的剂,其特征在于当纳米原纤维纤维素在0.5 wt%浓度在水中分散时,
-在1xE-4 – 1xE-3 1/s的剪切速率,达到超过5000 Pa.s的粘度;
-达到超过10.0 Pa的屈服应力,即在剪切稀化性能开始时的应力;和
-在屈服应力前达到超过5000 Pa.s的粘度。
4.权利要求1或2的剂,其特征在于当纳米原纤维纤维素在0.5 wt%浓度在水中分散时,
-在1xE-4 – 1xE-3 1/s的剪切速率,达到超过10000 Pa.s的粘度;
-达到超过10.0 Pa的屈服应力,即在剪切稀化性能开始时的应力;和
-在屈服应力前达到超过10000 Pa.s的粘度。
5.权利要求1或2的剂,其特征在于当平均流动速度高于4m/s时,在水中0.5%浓度的纳米原纤维纤维素在13mm直径管中产生低于纯水压降的压降。
6.权利要求1或2的剂,其特征在于当平均剪切速率高于2500 1/s时,在水中0.5%浓度的纳米原纤维纤维素达到低于纯水粘度的表观粘度。
7.权利要求1或2的剂作为流变改性剂的用途。
8.权利要求7的用途,其中所述流变改性剂是增粘剂。
9.前述权利要求1至6中任一项的剂作为密封剂的用途。
10.用于油田应用的组合物,所述组合物包含水作为载体和水中混合的剂连同可能的其它加入物质,其特征在于所述剂为分散于水的前述权利要求1至9中任一项限定的纳米原纤维纤维素。
11.权利要求10的组合物,其特征在于纳米原纤维纤维素以0.05至2.0重量%的浓度分散于水。
12.权利要求10的组合物,其特征在于纳米原纤维纤维素以0.05至1.0重量%浓度分散于水。
13.用于油田的方法,其中将包含水作为载体和与水混合的剂的组合物泵送到地下含油地层,其特征在于所述组合物为权利要求10至12中任一项的组合物。
14.权利要求13的方法,其特征在于所述组合物用作:
- 水力破碎流体;
- 用于砾石填充的载体流体;
- 隔离流体;
- 促进石油回收中的置换流体,即“灌注流体”;
- 钻探流体;
- 包含密封剂的流体;或
- 修井流体。
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DK2528985T3 (en) | 2018-08-20 |
CA2786831C (en) | 2019-07-30 |
WO2011089323A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
AU2011208609C1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
EP2528985B1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
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MX349129B (es) | 2017-07-13 |
FI20100022A0 (fi) | 2010-01-25 |
BR112012017281A2 (pt) | 2016-04-19 |
CA2786831A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
AU2011208609B2 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
CN102803431A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
AU2011208609A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
US20130035263A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
MX2012008357A (es) | 2012-08-08 |
EP2528985A4 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
FI20100022A (fi) | 2011-07-26 |
EA023815B1 (ru) | 2016-07-29 |
EA201290693A1 (ru) | 2012-12-28 |
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