CN102795831A - 深基坑土烧结多孔砖及其生产方法 - Google Patents
深基坑土烧结多孔砖及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102795831A CN102795831A CN2012103034458A CN201210303445A CN102795831A CN 102795831 A CN102795831 A CN 102795831A CN 2012103034458 A CN2012103034458 A CN 2012103034458A CN 201210303445 A CN201210303445 A CN 201210303445A CN 102795831 A CN102795831 A CN 102795831A
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- Prior art keywords
- deep basal
- basal pit
- pit soil
- perforated brick
- brick
- Prior art date
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- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011470 perforated brick Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NS4wJyBoZWlnaHQ9Jzg1LjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMy4zJyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojRTg0MjM1JyA+SDwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMjguMicgeT0nNjIuOScgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToxNXB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6I0U4NDIzNScgPjI8L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzM1LjAnIHk9JzUzLjYnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjNweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5PPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 32
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- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound 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[Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound 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[Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种建筑用墙体材料，公开了一种深基坑土烧结多孔砖及其制备方法。本发明的深基坑土烧结多孔砖由下列质量百分比的原料组成：深基坑土：30～50％；深基坑土干粉：20～40％；煤渣：20～30％；砖坯调整剂：1～10％。本发明的深基坑土烧结多孔砖具有良好的力学性能和一定的保温性能，其强度达到MU20，可用作普通承重或非承重墙体材料。
Description
深基坑土烧结多孔砖及其生产方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种建筑用墙体材料，具体涉及一种利用城市基础建设中基坑开挖产生的废弃土生产的多孔砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
[0002] 近年来，随着城市化建设的快速发展，城市建筑渣土的产生量与日俱增，上海地区2010年全市仅重大工程就有84项，建筑渣土申报量超过4600万吨。按照”保护国土资源、实现规范处置、促进再生利用”的原则，上海市建筑渣土处置主要有以下几种类型，一是低洼地、废弃河浜回填，约占60% ;二是围海造田，约占20% ;三是制作再生骨料、路基材料、堆高造景等约15% ;四是基础回填等，约占5%。目前嘉定、浦东等区各有I座利用工程渣土制作砌块和混凝土轻骨料的加工厂。上海作为一个特大型城市，每年因城市建设产生的深基坑土量在1500-2000万立方米左右。尤其本地区属于软土地基，高层、超高层建筑日益增 多，工程开挖产生的渣土，尤其泥土量所占比例非常高。建筑渣土的日益增多给当今城市社会带来了巨大的压力。堆放建筑渣土不仅耗用大量土地资源，同时又会造成土壤、水体和大气等环境污染系列问题。对建筑渣土中建筑废渣如废弃混凝土等也开始回收，实现资源化利用，而对建筑渣土中泥土，尤其深基坑土仍然没有很好的处理与有效利用。因此，生产环保型烧结多孔砖，不仅可以实现深基坑土的无害化处理与资源化综合利用，而且实现砖厂的技术创新、可持续发展，是一种低碳、高效、环保、可持续的发展途径。
[0003] 随着我国基础建设的快速发展，建筑用砖的需求也越来越大。原来我国传统的制砖技术是利用粘土烧结制砖，由于其需要大量采掘耕地，对基本农田造成大量的破坏，国家明令禁止生产和使用粘土实心砖，限制生产和使用粘土多孔砖。特别是上海的城市建筑面积逐年增加，对环保型的节能保温墙体材料需求量增大。而上海粘土资源急剧缺乏，因此上海地区砖瓦厂正面临原材料短缺的发展困境。利用深基坑土替代粘土生产烧结多孔砖，不仅可妥善解决深基坑土处理问题，而且为砖厂提供了大量优质原材料，可实现砖瓦厂的可持续发展。
[0004]目前，国内已申请的多个发明专利提出了利用建筑垃圾、粉煤灰，砖坯调整剂，淤泥及页岩替代粘土生产烧结砖，如申请号CN200910207053. X、CN200910230235. 9、CN201110309789. 5等。从这些专利成果来看，目前，仍存在一些问题，其原材料处理工艺复杂处理周期较长，原材料需要经过长期干燥或粉磨处理，增加了生产能耗。而本发明的深基坑土烧结多孔砖其原料处理工艺简单，无需长期干燥或破碎处理。其生产工艺简单，粘土砖生产设备即可满足其生产要求，有利于中小型粘土砖生产企业的改造。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的不足，提供一种用深基坑土烧结多孔砖及其生产方法，尤其是利用城市基础建设中基坑开挖产生的废弃土生产的多孔砖及其生产方法，利用该方法生产的烧结多孔砖废弃物利用率高、孔隙率高、孔型设计合理、保温性好、产品合格率高。
[0006] 为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
[0007] 本发明一方面公开了一种深基坑土烧结多孔砖，其生产原材料包括下列质量百分比的原料：
[0008] 深基坑土 ：30〜50% ;优选为40-49% ;更优选为40-45% ；
[0009] 深基坑土干粉：20〜40% ;优选为20-35% ;更优选为30-35% ；
[0010] 煤渣：20〜30% ;优选为20-30% ;更优选为20-25% ；
[0011] 砖坯调整剂：1〜10% ;优选为8-10% ；
[0012] 所述深基坑土烧结多孔砖的强度达到MUlO的抗压强度等级或MU20的抗压强度等 级。
[0013] 更佳的，所述深基坑土烧结多孔砖的生产原材料由下列质量百分比的原料组成：
[0014] 深基坑土 ：30〜50% ;优选为40-49% ;更优选为40-45% ；
[0015] 深基坑土干粉：20〜40% ;优选为20-35% ;更优选为30-35% ；
[0016] 煤渣：20〜30% ;优选为20-30% ;更优选为20-25% ；
[0017] 砖坯调整剂：1〜10% ;优选为2-10% ;更优选为8-10%。
[0018] 上述深基坑土烧结多孔砖的强度达到MUlO的抗压强度等级。
[0019]所述的深基坑土的化学成分为 Si02、Al203、Fe203、Ca0、Mg0 和 SO3 ;其中 Si02、Al203、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO和SO3的含量允许范围分别为50〜80%,5〜25%、2〜15%、0〜10%,O〜3%、O 〜3%ο 优选为 Si0260%, Al20315%, Fe2036%, CaO 3%, MgO 2. 5%, SO3O. 8%。
[0020] 所述深基坑土要求基坑深度为5-20m，深基坑分层开挖后基坑土运往堆场后进行初步均勻混合。
[0021] 所述深基坑土经捡石机除杂处理后，粒径大于5mm的石子、木屑等杂物的含量小于5% ο
[0022] 本发明所述的深基坑土为经处理后的深基坑土 ；所述深基坑土经过10-14天陈化、干燥处理后，含水量控制为20-30%。
[0023] 所述的深基坑土干粉则是指经陈化、干燥处理后的深基坑土进一步干燥脱水至含水率小于8%。
[0024] 所述的煤渣的主要成分是上海某锅炉厂燃煤剩余物，含有部分未燃尽煤粉颗粒，要求其粒度大于2mm的颗粒不超过10%的重量百分含量，其发热量不小于10000kJ/kg。
[0025] 所述的砖坯调整剂是指由不同长度的玄武纤维及粘土类矿物混合而成的粉体，主要用于调节砖坯用泥的塑性及砖坯的抗裂性；粘土类矿物主要指具有吸水膨胀性能矿物材料，如膨润土、蒙脱石、硅藻土等矿物。其两者的质量比例一般在1:2(Tl: 10范围内，最佳比例可根据深基坑土坯泥特性来选择。所述玄武纤维的长度可以为100-500 μ m。
[0026] 本发明提出了用建筑洛土中的深基坑土完全替代粘土制备多孔砖的技术，同时以炉渣为内燃料，以砖坯调整剂为增强剂，以提高深基坑土烧结多孔砖的性能。
[0027] 本发明另一方面公开了一种深基坑土预处理工艺以及深基坑土烧结多孔砖的生产工艺，包括下列步骤：
[0028] I、原材料的预处理工艺：
[0029] 深基坑土预处理工艺：深基坑土预处理工艺应包括分拣、破碎、干燥、陈化等处理工艺；具体为，深基坑土挖掘后用捡石机进行除杂处理后再在堆场进行干燥和陈化，陈化时间不少于10天，含水量为20-30%备用。将深基坑土进一步干燥脱水至含水率小于8%时作为深基坑土干粉备用。含水率高的深基坑土挖掘后可直接使用。砖坯调整剂陈化15天后，均匀掺入深基坑土后进行干燥。煤渣破碎至粒径小于2_后使用。
[0030] 2、配料：按照深基坑土烧结多孔砖的原料配比进行配料，各原料所占质量百分数为：深基坑土 ：30〜50%，深基坑土干粉：20〜40%，煤渣：20〜30%，砖坯调整剂：5〜10%,按照配比称取深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、砖坯调整剂和煤渣。
[0031 ] 3、搅拌混合：将按比例配好的原料混合料通过箱式给料机送入对辊破碎机中进行破碎后通过皮带送入双轴搅拌机中进行混合，然后通过皮带送入对辊破碎机进行二次破碎后再进行二次混合，混合均匀后得到混合料。
[0032] 较佳的，所得到的混合料的含水率控制为18-22% ;优选为20%。
[0033] 4、挤压成型：将混合料用真空挤砖机挤压成多空状泥条，其挤出压力为
I. 5-2. 5Mp，真空度为 O. 05-0. IMpa0
[0034] 5、切坯：将挤压成型的泥条用垂直切条机切制成砖坯，获得湿砖坯。
[0035] 6、砖坯干燥：将湿砖坯运至砖坯堆场进行干燥。湿砖坯刚上埂时进行遮盖保护，采取放夜风或给砖垛上防护材料均匀洒水的方法，提高坯垛周围空气湿度，避免坯体脱水过快产生开裂或翘曲，干燥至10天以后检测坯体含水率，含水率小于8%才能入窑。
[0036] 7、焙烧：将干燥砖坯码入轮窑中进行焙烧，保证烧结温度为950-1050°C，保温时间为2-3h。
[0037] 8、冷却：完成焙烧后，依次打开风口和窑门，自然冷却至室温后即得到所述深基坑土烧结多孔砖成品。
[0038] 本发明的深基坑土烧结多孔砖具有良好的力学性能和一定的保温性能，其强度达到MU20，可用作普通承重或非承重墙体材料。
[0039] 本发明不需要改变传统的制砖工艺，采用深基坑土 100%替代粘土，原料来源广、使建筑渣土资源化，节省了土地资源，保护了耕地，充分利用了面广量大的建筑废弃物，变废为宝。根据不同的建筑要求，采用本发明的制砖配方和制砖工艺还可制成MU20强度等级的烧结多孔砖。
附图说明
[0040] 图I深基坑土烧结多孔砖的工艺流程图具体实施方式
[0041] 以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
[0042] 以下各实施例中的深基坑土的化学成分为Si02、Al203、Fe203、Ca0、Mg0和SO3 ;其中Si02、Al203、Fe203、Ca0、Mg0和SO3的含量允许范围分别为50〜80%,5〜25%、2〜15%、0〜10%,O 〜3%、0 〜3%ο 优选为 Si0260%, Al2O315%, Fe2036%, Ca03%, Mg02. 5%, SO3O. 8%。深基坑土要求基坑深度为5-20m，深基坑分层开挖后基坑土运往堆场后进行初步均匀混合；深基坑土经捡石机除杂处理后，粒径大于5mm的石子、木屑等杂物的含量小于5% ;深基坑土经过7-14天陈化、干燥处理后，含水量控制为20-30%。以下各实施例中的深基坑土干粉则是指深基坑土进一步干燥脱水至含水率小于8%。以下各实施例中的煤渣的主要成分是上海某锅炉厂燃煤剩余物，含有部分未燃尽煤粉颗粒，要求其粒度大于2_的颗粒不超过10%的重量含量，其发热量不小于10000kJ/kg ;优选的煤渣破碎至粒径均小于2mm，且其发热量不小于10000kJ/kg更好。以下各实施例中的砖胚调整剂为是指由不同长度的玄武纤维及粘土类矿物混合而成的粉体，主要用于调节砖坯用泥的塑性及砖坯的抗裂性。
[0043] 实施例I :
[0044] 深基坑土烧结多孔砖由深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤渣、砖坯调整剂混合、成型、干燥和烧制而成，深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤渣、砖坯调整剂的质量配合比为48% ： 20% ： 20% ： 2%。制备流程如图I所示，其中深基坑土预处理工艺：深基坑土预处理工艺应包括分拣、破碎、干燥、陈化等处理工艺；具体为，深基坑土挖掘后用捡石机进行除杂处理后再在堆场进行干燥和陈化，陈化时间不少于10天，含水量为20-30%备用；将经过陈 化、干燥处理的深基坑土，深基坑土干粉，煤渣、砖坯调整剂，进行充分搅拌混合后，加适量的水，原料混合料通过箱式给料机送入对辊破碎机中进行第一次破碎后送入双轴搅拌机中进行一次混合，然后送入对辊破碎机进行第二次破碎后再进行二次混合，获得含水率为20%的混合料，然后通过真空挤压砖还(真空挤砖机的挤出压力控制为I. 5-2. 5Mp,真空度控制为0. 05-0. IMpa)，砖坯上的圆柱形通孔呈纵向有序排列，相邻列的通孔相互错开，孔直径约20mm ;孔壁厚度15mm。当砖坯干燥至含水率小于8%时入窑焙烧，经1000°C高温烧结，制成尺寸为90 X 115 X 240mm，强度等级为MUlO的烧结多孔砖。
[0045] 上述所得的深基坑土烧结多孔砖符合GB13544-2000《烧结多孔砖》的性能要求。
[0046] 实施例2 ：
[0047] 深基坑土烧结多孔砖由深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤渣、砖坯调整剂混合、成型、干燥和烧制而成，深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤渣、砖坯调整剂的质量配合比为49% ： 20% ： 25% ： 6%。制备流程如图I所示，其中深基坑土预处理工艺：深基坑土预处理工艺应包括分拣、破碎、干燥、陈化等处理工艺；具体为，深基坑土挖掘后用捡石机进行除杂处理后再在堆场进行干燥和陈化，陈化时间不少于10天，含水量为20-30%备用；将经过陈化、干燥处理的深基坑土，深基坑土干粉，煤渣、砖坯调整剂，进行充分搅拌混合后，加适量的水，原料混合料通过箱式给料机送入对辊破碎机中进行第一次破碎后送入双轴搅拌机中进行一次混合，然后送入对辊破碎机进行第二次破碎后再进行二次混合，获得含水率为20%的混合料，然后通过真空挤压砖还(真空挤砖机的挤出压力控制为I. 5-2. 5Mp,真空度控制为0. 05-0. IMpa)，砖坯上的矩形通孔呈纵向有序排列，相邻列的通孔相互错开，孔直径约15mm ;孔壁厚度15mm。当砖坯干燥至含水率小于8%时入窑焙烧，经1000°C高温烧结，制成尺寸为90 X 115 X 240mm,强度等级为MUlO的烧结多孔砖。
[0048] 上述所得的深基坑土烧结多孔砖符合GB13544-2000《烧结多孔砖》的性能要求。
[0049] 实施例3 ：
[0050] 深基坑土烧结多孔砖由深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤洛、砖还调整剂混合、成型、干燥和烧制而成，深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤渣、砖坯调整剂的质量配合比为40% ： 22% ： 30% ： 8%。制备流程如图I所示，其中深基坑土预处理工艺：深基坑土预处理工艺应包括分拣、破碎、干燥、陈化等处理工艺；具体为，深基坑土挖掘后用捡石机进行除杂处理后再在堆场进行干燥和陈化，陈化时间不少于10天，含水量为20-30%备用；将经过陈化、干燥处理的深基坑土，深基坑土干粉，煤渣、砖坯调整剂，进行充分搅拌混合后，加适量的水，原料混合料通过箱式给料机送入对辊破碎机中进行第一次破碎后送入双轴搅拌机中进行一次混合，然后送入对辊破碎机进行第二次破碎后再进行二次混合，获得含水率为20%的混合料，然后通过真空挤压砖还(真空挤砖机的挤出压力控制为I. 5-2. 5Mp,真空度控制为O. 05-0. IMpa)，砖坯上的圆柱形通孔 呈纵向有序排列，相邻列的通孔相互错开，孔直径约20mm ;孔壁厚度15mm。当砖坯干燥至含水率小于8%时入窑焙烧，经950°C高温烧结，制成尺寸为90 X 115 X 240mm，强度等级为MUlO的烧结多孔砖。
[0051] 上述所得的深基坑土烧结多孔砖符合GB13544-2000《烧结多孔砖》的性能要求。
[0052] 实施例4 ：
[0053] 深基坑土烧结多孔砖由深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤洛、砖还调整剂混合、成型、干燥和烧制而成，深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤渣、砖坯调整剂的质量配合比为40% ： 20% ： 30% ： 10%。制备流程如图I所示，其中深基坑土预处理工艺：深基坑土预处理工艺应包括分拣、破碎、干燥、陈化等处理工艺；具体为，深基坑土挖掘后用捡石机进行除杂处理后再在堆场进行干燥和陈化，陈化时间不少于10天，含水量为20-30%备用；将经过陈化、干燥处理的深基坑土，深基坑土干粉，煤渣、砖坯调整剂，进行充分搅拌混合后，加适量的水，原料混合料通过箱式给料机送入对辊破碎机中进行第一次破碎后送入双轴搅拌机中进行一次混合，然后送入对辊破碎机进行第二次破碎后再进行二次混合，获得含水率为20%的混合料，然后通过真空挤压砖坯(真空挤砖机的挤出压力控制为I. 5-2. 5Mp，真空度控制为O. 05-0. IMpa)，砖坯上的矩形通孔呈纵向有序排列，相邻列的通孔相互错开，孔直径约15mm ;孔壁厚度15mm。当砖坯干燥至含水率小于8%时入窑焙烧，经950°C高温烧结，制成尺寸为90 X 115 X 240mm，强度等级为MUlO的烧结多孔砖。
[0054] 上述所得的深基坑土烧结多孔砖符合GB13544-2000《烧结多孔砖》的性能要求。
[0055] 实施例5 ：
[0056] 深基坑土烧结多孔砖由深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤洛、砖还调整剂混合、成型、干燥和烧制而成，深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤渣、砖坯调整剂的质量配合比为45% ： 25% ： 22% ： 8%。制备流程如图I所示，其中深基坑土预处理工艺：深基坑土预处理工艺应包括分拣、破碎、干燥、陈化等处理工艺；具体为，深基坑土挖掘后用捡石机进行除杂处理后再在堆场进行干燥和陈化，陈化时间不少于10天，含水量为20-30%备用；将经过陈化、干燥处理的深基坑土，深基坑土干粉，煤渣、砖坯调整剂，进行充分搅拌混合后，加适量的水，原料混合料通过箱式给料机送入对辊破碎机中进行第一次破碎后送入双轴搅拌机中进行一次混合，然后送入对辊破碎机进行第二次破碎后再进行二次混合，获得含水率为18%的混合料，然后通过真空挤压砖还(真空挤砖机的挤出压力控制为I. 5-2. 5Mp,真空度控制为O. 05-0. IMpa)，砖坯上的圆柱形通孔呈纵向有序排列，相邻列的通孔相互错开，孔直径约20mm ;孔壁厚度15mm。当砖坯干燥至含水率小于8%时入窑焙烧，经1000°C高温烧结，制成尺寸为90 X 115 X 240mm，强度等级为MUlO的烧结多孔砖。
[0057] 上述所得的深基坑土烧结多孔砖符合GB13544-2000《烧结多孔砖》的性能要求。
[0058] 实施例6 ：
[0059] 深基坑土烧结多孔砖由深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤洛、砖还调整剂混合、成型、干燥和烧制而成，深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤渣、砖坯调整剂的质量配合比为40% ： 30% ： 25% ： 5%。制备流程如图I所示，其中深基坑土预处理工艺：深基坑土预处理工艺应包括分拣、破碎、干燥、陈化等处理工艺；具体为，深基坑土挖掘后用捡石机进行除杂处理后再在堆场进行干燥和陈化，陈化时间不少于10天，含水量为20-30%备用；将经过陈化、干燥处理的深基坑土，深基坑土干粉，煤渣、砖坯调整剂，进行充分搅拌混合后，加适量的水，原料混合料通过箱式给料机送入对辊破碎机中进行第一次破碎后送入双轴搅拌机中进行一次混合，然后送入对辊破碎机进行第二次破碎后再进行二次混合，获得含水率为20%的混合料，然后通过真空挤压砖还(真空挤砖机的挤出压力控制为I. 5-2. 5Mp,真空度控制为O. 05-0. IMpa)，砖坯上的圆柱形通孔呈纵向有序排列，相邻列的通孔相互错开，孔直径约20mm ;孔壁厚度15mm。当砖坯干燥至含水率小于8%时入窑焙烧，经1000°C高温烧结，制成尺寸为90 X 115 X 240mm,强度等级为MUlO的烧结多孔砖。
[0060] 上述所得的深基坑土烧结多孔砖符合GB13544-2000《烧结多孔砖》的性能要求。
[0061] 实施例7:
[0062] 深基坑土烧结多孔砖由深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤渣、砖坯调整剂混合、成型、干燥和烧制而成，深基坑土、深基坑土干粉、煤渣、砖坯调整剂的质量配合比为40% ： 35% ： 20% ： 5%。制备流程如图I所示，其中深基坑土预处理工艺：深基坑土预处理工艺应包括分拣、破碎、干燥、陈化等处理工艺；具体为，深基坑土挖掘后用捡石机进行除杂处理后再在堆场进行干燥和陈化，陈化时间不少于10天，含水量为20-30%备用；将经过陈化、干燥处理的深基坑土，深基坑土干粉，煤渣、砖坯调整剂，进行充分搅拌混合后，加适量的水，原料混合料通过箱式给料机送入对辊破碎机中进行第一次破碎后送入双轴搅拌机中进行一次混合，然后送入对辊破碎机进行第二次破碎后再进行二次混合，获得含水率为22%的混合料，然后通过真空挤压砖还(真空挤砖机的挤出压力控制为I. 5-2. 5Mp,真空度控制为O. 05-0. IMpa)，砖坯上的圆柱形通孔呈纵向有序排列，相邻列的通孔相互错开，孔直径约20mm ;孔壁厚度15mm。当砖坯干燥至含水率小于8%时入窑焙烧，经1000°C高温烧结，制成尺寸为90 X 115 X 240mm，强度等级为MUlO的烧结多孔砖。
[0063] 上述所得的深基坑土烧结多孔砖符合GB13544-2000《烧结多孔砖》的性能要求。
[0064] 上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (10)
1. 一种深基坑土烧结多孔砖，其生产原料包括下列质量百分比的组分： 深基坑土 ：30〜50% ； 深基坑土干粉：20〜40% ; 煤渣：20〜30% ; 砖坯调整剂：1〜10% ; 所述深基坑土烧结多孔砖的强度达到MUlO的抗压强度等级或MU20的抗压强度等级。
2.如权利要求I所述的深基坑土烧结多孔砖，其特征在于，所述生产原料由下列质量百分比的组分组成： 深基坑土 ： 30〜50% ； 深基坑土干粉：20〜40% ; 煤渣：20〜30% ; 砖坯调整剂：1〜10% ; 所述深基坑土烧结多孔砖的强度达到MUlO的抗压强度等级或MU20的抗压强度等级。
3.如权利要求I或2所述的深基坑土烧结多孔砖，其特征在于，所述深基坑土的化学成分为 Si02、Al203、Fe203、Ca0、Mg0 和 SO3 ;其中 SiO2, A1203> Fe203> CaO, MgO 和 SO3 的重量含量允许的范围分别为50〜80%、5〜25%、2〜15%、0〜10%、0〜3%、0〜3%。
4.如权利要求I或2所述的深基坑土烧结多孔砖，其特征在于，所述深基坑土为经处理后的深基坑土 ；所述深基坑土经除杂处理后，粒径大于5_的石子、木屑杂物的重量含量小于5% ;经过陈化、干燥处理后的含水量控制为20-30%。
5.如权利要求I或2所述的深基坑土烧结多孔砖，其特征在于，所述的深基坑土干粉的含水率小于8%。
6.如权利要求I或2所述的深基坑土烧结多孔砖，其特征在于，所述的煤渣的主要成分是燃煤剩余物，该燃煤剩余物含有未燃尽煤粉颗粒，要求煤渣中粒度大于2mm的颗粒不超过10%的重量百分含量，其发热量不小于10000kJ/kg。
7.如权利要求I或2所述的深基坑土烧结多孔砖，其特征在于，所述砖坯调整剂由不同长度的玄武纤维及粘土类矿物混合而成的粉体混合物。
8.如权利要求1-7任一所述的深基坑土烧结多孔砖的生产方法，包括如下步骤： 1)、按照深基坑土烧结多孔砖的原料配比进行称取和配料； 2)、搅拌混合：将称好的原料混合料通过箱式给料机送入对辊破碎机中进行第一次破碎后送入双轴搅拌机中进行一次混合，然后送入对辊破碎机进行第二次破碎后再进行二次混合，混合均匀后得到混合料； 3)、挤压成型：将混合料用真空挤砖机挤压成多空状泥条，其挤出压力为I. 5-2. 5Mp，真空度为O. 05-0. IMpa ； 4)、切坯：将挤压成型的泥条切制成砖坯，获得湿砖坯； 5)、砖还干燥：将湿砖还干燥成含水率小于8%,获得干燥砖还,且干燥砖还的含水率小于8% ； 6)、焙烧：将干燥砖坯码入轮窑中进行焙烧，保证烧结温度为950-1050°C，保温时间为2-3h ； 7)、冷却：完成焙烧后，依次打开风口和窑门，自然冷却至室温后即得到所述深基坑土烧结多孔砖成品。
9.如权利要求8所述的深基坑土烧结多孔砖的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤I)中，所述深基坑土烧结多孔砖的各原料经如下步骤的预处理工艺制得： 深基坑土预处理工艺：深基坑土依次经分拣、除杂、破碎、干燥、陈化处理步骤获得；具体为，深基坑土挖掘后用捡石机进行除杂处理后，然后破碎，再在堆场进行干燥和陈化，陈化干燥至含水量为20-30% ； 深基坑土干粉为将深基坑土进一步干燥脱水至含水率小于8%备用； 砖坯调整剂陈化后，均匀掺入预处理后的深基坑土进行干燥备用。
10.如权利要求8所述的深基坑土烧结多孔砖的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中所得到的混合料的含水率控制为18%-22%。
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| CN104529399A (zh) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-22 | 广东科达洁能股份有限公司 | 一种煤渣 |
| CN105110765A (zh) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-12-02 | 贵州安凯达实业股份有限公司 | 一种多孔砖及其生产方法 |
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| CN110713376A (zh) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-21 | 阆中市金博瑞新型墙材有限公司 | 一种保温多孔砖生产工艺 |
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