CN102765394A - Low-air-pressure aerotrain - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for suspending a train by low air pressure., wherein no energy needs to be additionally consumed on the aspect of suspending the high-speed train, and extremely small-ration energy needs to be consumed when an urban rail train is caused to suspend. The method comprises the following steps: suspending a rail; building a shell which is equal in length with the rail, wherein the shell is provided with a top surface and side surfaces but is not provided with a bottom surface, thereby making a larger train head and a larger compartment base; and the other sizes of a train body are smaller. Therefore, when the train advances in the shell, an almost-sealed hollow cavity is surrounded by parts of the outer surface of the train and the static shell, and the hollow cavity is open at the tail part of the train; when the train advances at a high speed, front air is squeezed to be below the train body by the train head; the inside of the hollow cavity behind the train head is an area with the low air pressure; air pressure borne by the upper surface of the compartment is smaller than pressure borne by the lower surface of the compartment; and therefore, the train is suspended. For the urban rail train, parts of air in the hollow cavity are pumped out by an air pump to enable the train to suspend.

Description

The infrabar aerotrain

Affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of aerotrain that utilizes infrabar to suspend by train

The current high speed train of background technology is divided into two types, i.e. wheel-rail train and magnetic suspension train.Present wheel-rail train is owing to receive the restriction of itself condition, and speed can not be too big, otherwise surface resistance, air resistance are too big, and the various noises of generation can be very big, because the various wearing and tearing meetings that produce of rubbing are very big.In addition, when speed is too big, also be unfavorable for the turning of train etc.

The shortcoming that magnetic suspension train exists mainly contain following some: the one, technical requirements is high, operation easier is big, the condition that needs is difficult to satisfy the cost extra-high-speed; The 2nd, energy consumption is big, and rely on electric current to produce that powerful magnetic force supports heavy car body need very big electric current.And electric current is big, the electric energy that then consumes big (although being the superconductor transmission of electricity); The 3rd, in dense atmospheric envelope, the speed of magnetic suspension train can not be too big. promptly can not surpass 400km/h, otherwise because energy consumption and noise are difficult to betransported department to exceeding standard greatly and the passenger accepts.

Though some national proposition will be built the train of ten thousand li of vacuum tunnel magnetic suspension speed per hours in the near future, the shortcoming that this kind train exists also can be a lot, and mainly contain: (1) utilizes magnetic suspension will consume a large amount of electric energy; To consume a large amount of valuable good conductors when (2) building magnetic-levitation, cause cost high; When (3) passenger gets on or off the bus because have one from the normal pressure to the vacuum again to the transient process of normal pressure, will delay the long time because the technical operation of this process is tight, thereby this train is not suitable for the selected short range transport facility of doing; (4) passenger has increased by one again because the danger factor that compartment gas leakage is caused at the secure context of riding; (5), just definitely can not eliminate high-intensity magnetic field to the issuable influence of human body so long as utilize magnetic suspension principle; (6) the cargo-carring weight of object of train can never be very big, can not satisfy the needs of freight train.

In addition, there are the problem that the launch train acceleration/accel is little, normal operating speed is little in existing city subterranean railway and Urban Elevated Light Rail railway; Aspect energy consumption, the degree of utilization of train energy also is not maximum, can also further cut down the consumption of energy, and improves energy utilization ratio.

Summary of the invention:

Goal of the invention: train let train that the pressure of track is reduced to minimum as far as possible, thereby the friction drag that lets train receive from track also is reduced to minimum when running at high speed; The resistance that lets train side and upper surface receive from air is reduced to minimum as far as possible; Let the load carrying ability of train obtain significantly increasing; Let train sharply turning at a high speed; Let the safety and stability coefficient of high speed train be improved significantly; Let the maintenance and repair expense of high speed train can be reduced to minimum; Let railroad building technology and operation technology content and the laid down cost of high speed train can drop to lowest limit; Let the operation average velociity of urban rail transit vehicles under the prerequisite that does not increase energy consumption, be greatly improved.

Technical scheme and characteristics

According to actual needs, the infrabar aerotrain will be divided into four class, that is: a train cruising speed designs is the accurate normal fast train (refering in particular to city railway train) that suspends of infrabar of 80-120km/h; B train cruising speed designs is the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar of 200-350km/h; C train cruising speed designs is the accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar of 350-500km/h; D train cruising speed designs is the infrabar of the 500-800km/h superexpress train that suspends fully.The infrabar aerotrain system of each class can be divided into three big systems again, i.e. suspension system, control system (comprising guiding and braking) and power system etc.

(1) chief component of suspension system and suspension theory are following:

(1) component part: the suspension system of every kind of infrabar aerotrain all is made up of three big main portions: i.e. the part of case (be still in track top), train body outside face and extract system etc.

(2) suspension theory: with the cruising speed designs is that the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar of 200-350km/h is an example, that is: make train rail unsettled, lets the car body below that the high space of 30-300cm is arranged.Above the used track of train, build the case of arch bridge shape again, case has two sides and end face, does not have the bottom surface, and case length is the same with whole rail length long.

Do height to train head a bit again, high 10-100cm is wanted in the compartment at aspect ratio train head rear portion.Like this, when train moved in case, the part of the inside face of the part outside face of train and static case just surrounded one near the osed top hollow cavity, and this hollow cavity is being an opening near last vehicle of train.When train advances at utmost speed in case; Headstock squeezes the air in the place ahead to the below in compartment and has gone (or headstock shorten the place ahead part of air fine pressure into high pressure gas be used for producing power); Then the hollow cavity at headstock rear is the infrabar zone in a short period of time; The compartment upper surface receives that atmospheric pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure that lower surface receives in the hollow cavity, and train body will receive of air pressure makes a concerted effort, and resultant direction makes progress; When the size of this F that makes a concerted effort equals or during near train gravity G, train will suspend or near suspended state.Train all is normal the operation when suspension or approaching complete suspended state move fully.

(3) suspension theory of the aerotrain of other class is similar basically with the suspension theory of accurate suspension quasi high speed train.Different is is the accurate normal fast train that suspends of 80-120km/h for the cruising speed designs; Because the train speed of this class is less; Then headstock will be designed to the same high with the back height of wagon; The case of being built on the train rail is also a bit different, and in fact the case of this moment is exactly a plane that is positioned at the track top, and the upper surface that case only covers train body gets final product.The suspension of train is to rely on air pump ceaselessly to take air in the hollow cavity away a part fully, forms infrabar in the hollow cavity thereby make, and the compartment will suspend.And train all is normal the operation when suspension or approaching complete suspended state move fully.

(2) otherwise main technical schemes is:

(1) the present invention combines wheel-rail train and aerotrain; Train can just be suspended with suspending fully fully; Can not just move with not suspending fully with the approaching mode that suspends fully; Train can both cruising under the state of suspension or approaching suspend fully (promptly accurate suspension) fully.Like this, the power system of train and guidance system just can solve at an easy rate.

(2) for the accurate normal fast train that suspends of the infrabar that is used in city deep under ground track traffic, its power system adopts common electric locomotive.For the ease of the height of control train, at the bottom of train and top all design and installation wheel, thereby; The used track of train also has two covers, and one is enclosed within the below of train, another set of above train; Train advances along this two covers track when normal operation simultaneously.

(3) for the cruising speed designs be the accurate aerotrain of infrabar (not comprising the accurate normal fast train that suspends of the infrabar that is used in city deep under ground track traffic) of 80-500km/h; If train is turned frequent; And need change sharp turn (like underground shallow table light rail train in city and elevated railway train and need the high speed train of sharply turning) again, then must be installed in the track of train and wheel the both sides and the end face of car body.

(3) for the cruising speed designs be the guidance system of the superexpress train that suspends fully of 500-800km/h; The compartment of some is used for leading specially in the compartment of train; Guiding has two kinds of air chambers in the compartment, is used for regulating the height and the left and right sides deflecting direction of train.Requiring during design to have the high pressure gas ejection in the air chamber.Can produce two kinds of power to car body during the high pressure gas ejection, utilize these two kinds of power to regulate the stressed of car body, thereby reach the effect of guiding.These two kinds of power are: the one, and, high pressure gas can produce a kind of recoil when spraying to car body from car body; The 2nd, when the high pressure gas of ejection rest in the air chamber, can produce a kind of pressure to car body again.

(4) for the cruising speed designs be the accurate superexpress train that suspends at a high speed and fully that suspends of 350-800km/h; Case on the track will cover the part of the lower surface of the upper surface of train and two sides and train; Like this, can reduce the resistance that the train surface receives to greatest extent from air.

(5) be the accurate superexpress train that suspends at a high speed and fully that suspends of 350-800km/h for the cruising speed designs, its power system will adopt the aero-engine principle, and the driving engine that preferably adopts a kind of special use is in the earth driving engine.The chief component of the earth driving engine has: cylinder, gas ejector pipe and gas block panel etc.Cylinder is to be fixed on the road surface of railway, equates that with the used track length of train gas block panel is arranged in the cylinder, can block gas automatically and pass through.When fixing gas ejector pipe ON TRAINS in cylinder during to the reversing sense ejection high pressure gas of train working direction; Gas block panel in the cylinder will block the ejection of gas ejector pipe mesohigh gas automatically; Thereby the recoil that during high pressure gas that gas ejector pipe receives ejection it is produced will reach to greatest extent, and the energy utilization ratio of high pressure gas also can the value of reaching capacity.

Advantage of the present invention is: compare with existing motor train unit train; The advantage that the accurate aerotrain of infrabar has has: at power one regularly, the speed of a motor vehicle can be faster, energy consumption is littler, can turn the corner at full speed, load carrying ability is big especially, the maintenance and repair expense can be extremely low, the safety and stability coefficient is high especially.Compare with magnetic suspension train, the complete aerotrain of infrabar has also possessed following advantage simultaneously except possessing above advantage, and be exactly: technology content is very low, operates very simple; Can not consume a large amount of valuable good conductor, superconductor material; Make the train any energy of unnecessary additive decrementation (condition is that train speed will reach certain size) that suspends; There is not any high-intensity magnetic field to issuable what influence of human body or the like.In addition, the safety and stability coefficient of train is high especially or the like.

Applicable scope of the present invention

Be applicable to: 1. city deep under ground track train (city underground of promptly operating now, its degree of depth that locates below ground level is bigger, route is more straight, the track trend is not got in touch with residing street route trend); 2. underground shallow table light rail train (a kind of new train in city; Be just about 50 centimetres of depths below the green belt of footway, drive-way and both sides, street in the street, city of the used passage of train, the track routes trend almost completely overlaps with residing street route trend.The website that its laid down cost is low, the passenger gets on or off the bus can be set up some with very low cost more, and it is very convenient etc. that the passenger gets on or off the bus); 3. Urban Elevated Light Rail train; 4. the international train and the intercontinental train of over distance of the inter-city train of intermediate range distance, long distance; 5. both be suitable for the passenger train that the passenger takes, be more suitable in the freight train that is used for loading super large weight.As be suitable for loading various raws MAT'L and the train of product in various mineral resources, the industrial and agricultural production.But the body volume of object is adorned to advance person's exception because of ultra-specification.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is track of the present invention and track top casing structure scheme drawing; Fig. 2 is a kind of carriage body construction scheme drawing of the present invention; Fig. 3 is one embodiment of the present of invention scheme drawings; Fig. 4 is one embodiment of the present of invention scheme drawings; Fig. 5 is the outdoor sight structural representation of train head of the present invention and train driving; Fig. 6 is a kind of last vehicle of train final section carriage body construction scheme drawing of the present invention; Fig. 7 is one embodiment of the present of invention scheme drawings;

Fig. 8 is one embodiment of the present of invention scheme drawings; Fig. 9 is one embodiment of the present of invention scheme drawings; Figure 10 is one embodiment of the present of invention scheme drawings; Figure 11 is a kind of guiding of the present invention compartment surface structure scheme drawing; Figure 12 is the carriage body construction scheme drawing of a kind of city of the present invention deep under ground track train; Figure 13 is a kind of embodiment scheme drawing of the present invention; Figure 14 is the embodiment scheme drawing of the underground shallow table light rail train in a kind of city of the present invention; Figure 15 is the embodiment scheme drawing of the underground shallow table light rail train in a kind of city of the present invention.

Annotate: Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the cross sectional representation with two different parts of a kind of train; Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are the cross sectional representation with two different parts of a kind of train; Figure 14 and Figure 15 are the cross sectional representation with two different parts of a kind of train.

Each numeral is represented respectively among the figure: 1 (or 1 '). case, 2. track, 3. column, 4. limit for height wheel, 5. bearing wheed, 6. compartment base; 7. deflation hole (aspirating hole), 8. railway car (car body), 9. ground, 10. hollow cavity, 11. train wheel flutters (or track adjusting wheel), 12. orbital grooves; 13. headstock hollow cap frame, train driving chambers 14., the connecting panel of 15. hollow cap frame left and right sides faces, 16. tailstock doors, 17. tailstock baffle plates, 18. cuboid gas lines; 19. the thin neck of cylinder, 20. cylinder walls (or cylinder), 21. gas ejector pipes, 22. cuboid lids, 23. cylinder openings, 24. cylinder cavitys; 25. the thin neck of cylinder upper surface, 26. baffle plates, the hollow cavity of 27. baffle plates below, 28. exhausr ports, the air gate in the air chamber of side, 29. guiding compartment, the air gate in the 30. guiding car body top air chambers; 31. guiding car body top air chamber, side, 32. guiding compartment air chamber, 33. gas shutoff plates, 34. guiding compartments, 35. little hollow cavities, 36. vehicle windows; 37. wheel, 38. axletrees, 39. car body top cavitys, 40. rail supported framves, 41. subterranean tunnel sidewalls, bottom surface, 42. tunnel; 43. tunnel roof, 44. flaps, 45. car body top cavity side, 46. top rail, 47. pillars; 48. track adjusting wheel, 49. axletrees, 50. air by-pass passages, 51. air by-pass passages, 52. air by-pass passages.

Annotate: the part (1 ') that 1. with dashed lines draws among Fig. 4 is the part that increases above the case 1, and this case only is applicable at a high speed and superexpress train uses; 2. in Figure 10, because the existence in guiding compartment, hollow cavity 10 is directed to compartment 34 and has been divided into several portions, and each part should use thicker hollow tubular to be communicated with the hollow tubular that does not draw and be used for being communicated with in the drawings.

The specific embodiment

(1) the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar brief introduction

Main structure: infrabar accurate suspension quasi high speed train headstock and compartment are substantially the same with existing High-speed Wheel train in shape, and used track is also basic identical.Different is that track is unsettled, and certain space will be arranged at the bottom, compartment, overhead is more than the 1.2m; Also the side builds case in orbit.Seeing Fig. 1 to Fig. 6. Fig. 1 is the structural representation of track 2, case 1, and promptly two tracks are unsettled, and is fixed on two sides of case 1.Track is 2 unsettled, certain altitude is overhead arranged at the bottom, compartment, and its purpose has two, one, is convenient to headstock and can squeezes the air in headstock the place ahead to the bottom of train in time and go; The 2nd, when the train high-speed cruising, the atmospheric pressure of below, compartment is remained unchanged basically.

Fig. 2 is the surface structure scheme drawing in compartment.Limit for height wheel 4 and bearing wheed 5 are installed in the side in compartment, and both are highly different.Compartment base 6 is wideer than compartment 8, and when conditions permit, compartment 8 compares with base 6, and as much as possible little, the thickness of base 6 will be done bigger as far as possible, so that stop better in the air admission hollow cavity 10.

8 tops, compartment have deflation hole 7, and this deflation hole is connected with the atmosphere of car body below through a gas exhaust duct.The end openings direction of freeing pipe must be pointed to the reversing sense of train working direction, so that gas is discharged (condition is that train will advance at utmost speed) better automatically in the hollow cavity 10.In the freeing pipe the inside air pump is housed, also loads onto an automatic valve that only allows gas to flow out and can not flow to.

Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional structure scheme drawing that compartment, the control of train height assemble with wheel, track and case.In the side, is track and wheel design to build the railway cost in order to reduce, and reduces wheel and when high-speed operation, receives resistance of air or the like.Space between compartment base 6 and the case 1 is as much as possible little, and it is the cross-sectional structure scheme drawing that turns to control to assemble with wheel, track and case about compartment, train that extraneous air just is difficult for flowing to hollow cavity 10. Fig. 4.Wheel flutter 11 can let the train automatic steering.Fig. 5 is the surface structure scheme drawing of train head, is divided into left and right sides two parts, and the right is the driver behavior chamber, and the left side is the hollow cap frame.Cover frame 13 has five faces, will have exhausr port according to certain requirement on the bottom surface wherein.When train advanced at utmost speed, the air in headstock the place ahead flow to from the front of covering frame 13, from the base exhausr port outflow of cover frame 13.Design goal has three, one like this, can reduce air and flow to hollow cavity 10 from the space between headstock and the case; The 2nd, when train advances at utmost speed, do not let the air that flows to cover frame 13 that the inside face of case 1 is produced too big outside pressure, thereby reduce the cost of building case; The 3rd, let the air that flows to cover frame 13 concentrate from some exhausr port discharges; Like this; When air when discharge the bottom surface of cover frame 13, air just is not concentrated in some positions to the recoil that cover frame 13 produces, the recoil that the cover frame receives air will become even.Space between hollow cap frame 13 and the track upper encloser 1 is as best one can little, and extraneous air just is difficult for flowing to the surface structure scheme drawing of hollow cavity 10. Fig. 6 for train final section compartment.It is more little good more that the baffle plate 17 of compartment afterbody and the space between the case 1 also require.On compartment afterbody baffle plate 17, also have Yishanmen, be named as tailstock door 16, during the train cruising, track 2 will be positioned at the inside of groove 12.

Working process and principle

The power system of train adopts existing motor train unit station service power locomotive or common electric locomotive.

Train body divides three parts, headstock promptly as shown in Figure 5, compartment as shown in Figure 2, last vehicle of train compartment as shown in Figure 6.When connecting three parts, require can not have between the compartment slit of gas leakage, require groove 12 and track 2 to coincide each other, the space is more little good more between the two.In addition, let four parts such as a part of inside face of upper surface, train tail stopping-board 17 and case 1 of hollow cap frame 13, car body surround a hollow cavity 10 jointly, the sealing property of 10 pairs of gases of hollow cavity is to be the bigger the better.

During static suspension problem launch train, close tailstock door 16 earlier, open air pump again; Let air pump an air extraction part in the hollow cavity 10; Make wherein air pressure be reduced to the value P of regulation, then compartment 8 receives the pressure that makes progress that bottom air produces its, the downward pressure that can produce its greater than air in the hollow cavity 10; Compartment 8 can receive the F that makes a concerted effort of an air pressure that makes progress; When the size of this F that makes a concerted effort equals or during near the gravity G in compartment, train will be in and suspend fully or near the state that suspends fully, promptly accurate suspended state.

Train is when complete suspended state or approaching suspended state fully; The pressure of the 8 pairs of tracks 2 in compartment can be 0 or very little; At this moment; What non-power compartment received during launch train is 0 or very little from the ground-surface friction drag, and whole train can be easy to start (annotate: the pressure between power compartment and the track can only be reduced to certain size, otherwise wheel can skid in the original place).

When the dynamic suspension problem increases to the running velocity of normal design when train speed, just can close air pump, open tailstock door 16, at this moment, train can keep suspending or moving near suspended state in the same old way.Reason has two; The one, train is when high-speed cruising; Headstock squeezes the place ahead air to the bottom in compartment and has gone, and then hollow cavity 10 does not have abundant air at short notice and can flow through in time and fill, and atmospheric pressures are very little in the hollow cavity 10; Be the infrabar zone, compartment 8 will suspend perhaps near suspended state.Because the suspension of train is owing to there being infrabar to produce, so call the infrabar aerotrain to this train.The 2nd, when train during at high-speed cruising; Suppose that the atmospheric pressure in the hollow cavity 10 equals atmosphere outside pressure; According to the relation of fluid pressure and flow velocity, some 7 discharge of the deflation hole from Fig. 2 automatically of the gas in the hollow cavity 10, like this; The air pressure of hollow cavity 10 can reduce automatically, thereby train can be upwarded pressure and suspend.In a word, train speed is big more, and the pressure of air will be more little in the hollow cavity 10, and train just easier suspension gets up.

In fact; Train is when operation; Merely rely on the speed of a motor vehicle size of train to regulate atmospheric pressures size in the hollow cavity 10, thereby train is in all the time suspend or is unfavorable, also must regulate atmospheric pressure size in the hollow cavity by alternate manner near the effect of suspended state; Promptly to design an automatic control circuit; Utilize it to remove the mode of operation of automatic guidance air pump,, thereby guarantee that train receives air to its size fluctuation and changing in a scope regulation, that allow basically that upwards pressure so that guarantee the fluctuation and changing in a scope regulation, that allow of atmospheric pressures in the hollow cavity 10.

Result of use: can be got by top analysis, the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar is compared with the conventional magnetic levitation train, and (1) is energy-conservation.When the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of the infrabar that makes high-speed motion suspends, be not need any energy of additive decrementation in theory.Because as long as headstock at high-speed motion, is arranging the air in the place ahead, then the space at headstock rear is just natural can become the infrabar zone, train can receive making a concerted effort of an air pressure that makes progress naturally and suspend.(2) total drag that receives of train will be reduced to greatest extent.When train in case 1 to suspend or during near the mode high-speed cruising that suspends; Because two sides of train do not contact with ambient atmosphere with upper surface; So it is very little that two sides of train and upper surface receive the friction drag of air; Be close to 0, have only the bottom surface of train to contact, receive friction drag from air with ambient atmosphere.Because train is to suspend or near suspending, train receives that yes is very little even be 0 from the ground-surface friction drag, so the summation of the friction drag that whole train receives will be far smaller than the suffered resistance of the magnetic suspension train under the similarity condition.(3) load carrying ability of train is big especially.Show two aspects, the one, the load carrying ability in each joint compartment is big especially, in hollow cavity atmospheric pressure be reduced to equal ambient atmosphere pressure 30% the time, cabin floor 1m then ²Area can receive the making a concerted effort of the bar pressure that makes progress of 3 tons of weights; Two is that the joint number in the headstock compartment that can drag is big especially; Because the resistance that this train receives mainly is the resistance that headstock receives air; And to receive the resistance of air be very little in the compartment at headstock rear portion, so when increasing the railway car joint number, the power that unnecessary increase is very big.If utilize this train bed shipment; Then this train will replace ocean-going freighter; Will greatly shorten time that transport point uses, accelerate cargo movement, reduce traffic cost or the like, make the earth really become the people global village very easily (making an exception with transportation between the area, non-island in the area, island) of can coming and going in great number.(4) the safety and stability coefficient is big especially, is not afraid of prominent chance and has a power failure, is not afraid of strong wind, heavy rain, heavy snow and hail, the violent earthquake of being only afraid of.

Guidance system and brake system: because the wheel of the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar contacts with track; Thereby the guiding of this train and braking problem are all very simple, and the technology and the method that can be adopted according to existing High-speed Wheel train (like the motor train unit train of now runing) basically go to operate.

(2) the accurate normal fast train brief introduction (mainly referring to city railway train) that suspends of infrabar

Existing problems: there is such problem in city railway train (comprising subway and elevated railway train) now: because the startup of train and braking variation are frequent, it is not very big causing the average velociity of train in whole process.

The average velociity that solution improves city railway train has two kinds of methods; The one, strengthen the power of driving engine, thus the acceleration/accel when increasing launch train, the 2nd, keep the power of original driving engine constant; Reduce the resistance that train receives; Thereby the acceleration/accel when also can increase launch train shortens train and reaches the used time of cruising speed, improves the average velociity of train.Consider from long-range angle with from energy savings, the angle that reduces energy consumption, still adopt second scheme, reduce exactly that train receives from ground-surface resistance (is not very big because train receives air resistance), promptly let train keep suspending or accurate suspended state.

Make city railway train keep suspension or accurate suspended state not to we can say and need increase very big expense.Because train speed is not very big, so the resistance that two sides of train receive from air is not very big, in order to save laid down cost as far as possible; Make a plane to case shown in Figure 1; Be that case has only end face, do not have two sides, as long as can cover the upper surface of train body.Can also be convenient to train like this and change the sharp turn.According to the characteristics of the accurate normal fast train that suspends of infrabar, then underground rail train in city can go design according to Figure 12, Figure 13 or Figure 14, two kinds of schemes shown in Figure 15 according to actual needs and build.The train of Figure 12, scheme shown in Figure 13 city deep under ground track train; The train of Figure 14, scheme shown in Figure 15 the underground shallow table light rail train in city.

(1) city deep under ground track train brief introduction: Figure 12 is the compartment surface structure scheme drawing of city deep under ground track train, and Figure 13 is the cross sectional representation of compartment, track and the subterranean tunnel of city deep under ground track train.Cavity 39 is arranged at top, compartment; Cavity inside is equipped with wheel 37 and axletree 38; Wheel 37 moves on track 2; Flap 44 is attached to the outside of cavity wall 45, and its effect is to be used for slowing down the flow velocity that flows into the gap of air between flap 44 and tunnel roof 43 in the cavity 39, increases railway car 8 and receives making a concerted effort of air upward pressure.Its width is the bigger the better, and the gap between it and the tunnel roof 43 is more little good more, and the sealing property of 39 pairs of gases of cavity is high more good more (it is the most important link of decision energy-saving effect).

The working process train is when starting, and is a part of the air extraction in the cavity 39 with air pump earlier, and the gravity G that the size that makes compartment 8 receive the F that makes a concerted effort of air pressure is substantially equal to the compartment gets final product.Pressure between train and the track will be very little like this, even be 0, and the resistance that receives when then train advances also can be very little, even be 0.Train (is included in station parking midway) in the whole service process, when utilizing air pump to extract cavity 39 air out, cavity 39 air pressure will remain unchanged all the time substantially.And the energy consumption power in air pump when work can be very not big, and its energy consumption will be far smaller than the energy consumption of saving because train suspends.

The power system of train: adopt the special-purpose electric locomotive of city deep under ground track train; This electric locomotive introduction is following: in Figure 13; If two wheels of below are driving wheels among the figure, be the wheel (also can be that four wheels all are driving wheels shown in the figure) that produces power.In the time need not producing power; There is not pressure between dynamic wheel and the track; When producing power, can adopt hydraulic efficiency pressure system that upper and lower four wheels among the figure contacts with separately track respectively simultaneously like needs, big or small through the pressure that hydraulic efficiency pressure system can be regulated arbitrarily between wheel 37 and the track 2; Thereby obtain the power of size arbitrarily, also can obtain the braking force of size arbitrarily according to same principle.

Result of use: remove design-calculated city deep under ground railway train system according to above-mentioned requirements; Then train receives from ground-surface friction drag size and can regulate arbitrarily; The power size that train receives also can be regulated arbitrarily, and the quality of train itself also can be able to alleviate to greatest extent.Like this, at train power one regularly, the average velociity of train can increase a lot; Because the pressure between wheel and the rail has obtained reducing to greatest extent, so the noise that sends owing to the mutual collision between them also can greatly reduce.

Annotate: the power system of city deep under ground track train also can adopt: 1. conventional electric power locomotive; 2. air screw: utilize air screw to get to the headstock rear to the air in headstock the place ahead and go in order to produce power, the air of extracting air pump out simultaneously is sprayed onto the rear of train and goes in order to produce a part of power.

(2) the underground shallow table light rail train in city brief introduction:

There is shortcoming in the city subterranean railway of runing in the world: 1. because the subway passage is built quite dark underground often, increased the laid down cost of subway like this; 2. because the subway passage very dark underground, so the passenger was wasted time and energy when getting on and off, causes the construction cost at midway little station also very big simultaneously; 3. train midway the distance between two little stations be separated by greatlyyer, can not satisfy all passengers' needs well.

The main mentality of designing of the underground shallow table light rail train in city: along the trend of avenue; On the footway or green belt or the used passages of the excavation underground light rail train in city of 50 centimetres of depths below the automobile track, the structural representation according to Figure 14 and Figure 15 removes to build track and construction train body then.In Figure 14, suppose that compartment shown in the figure is the compartment at power place, promptly limit for height wheel 4 and bearing wheed 5 have also had both the effect of dynamic wheel simultaneously among the hypothesis figure.When the needs dynamic wheel produces power; Can adopt the hydraulic efficiency pressure system principle, let the limit for height wheel 4 that rotates among the figure be close to track 2 simultaneously, like this with bearing wheed 5; Just can produce the power (according to also producing braking force with quadrat method, just the wheel of this moment can not rotate) that train is advanced.Because the effect of track adjusting wheel 11 and track adjusting wheel 48, then this train can sharply turning; Because train is to suspend or accurate the suspension, the friction drag that it receives from track can be very little, and then train can start and brake continually.

The working process train is when starting, and is a part of the air extraction in the cavity 39 with air pump earlier, and the gravity G that the size that makes compartment 8 receive the F that makes a concerted effort of air pressure is substantially equal to the compartment gets final product.Pressure between train and the track will be very little like this, even be 0, and the resistance that receives when then train advances also can be very little, even be 0.Train (is included in station parking midway) in the whole service process, utilize air pump ceaselessly to extract the portion of air in the cavity 39 out, and cavity 39 air pressure will remain unchanged all the time substantially.And the energy consumption power in air pump when work can be very not big, and its energy consumption will be far smaller than the energy consumption of saving because train suspends.

Result of use: 1. go to design-calculated city underground shallow table light rail train system according to above-mentioned requirements; Then train receives from the size of ground-surface friction drag and can regulate arbitrarily; The power size that train receives also can be regulated arbitrarily, and the quality of train itself also can access to greatest extent and reduce.Like this, at train power one regularly, the average velociity of train can increase a lot.2. owing to the pressure between wheel and the rail has obtained reducing to greatest extent, so the noise that sends owing to the mutual collision between them also can greatly reduce.3. because the underground shallow table light rail train in city can suspend or near suspending, thereby friction force is little when advancing, and starting acceleration/accel will be very big, thereby the way that is in operation can frequently brake and start; Again because this train side and end face are equipped with wheel flutter, so sharply turning neatly.Therefore, the city motor bus that this train can be in the city at the below ground in street passenger loading easily, lets the passenger get on the bus easily and gets off, but train is in operational process, again can be unblocked, can not receive the interference of any factor.What 4. the underground shallow table light rail train system building cost in city will be well below the city underground rail train system of runing now.Because as long as in the street along the footway or along green belt or along the automobile track, excavate ground can build, last, on the passage that excavates, lay prefabricated board and get final product.

Annotate: the power system of the underground shallow table light rail train in city also can adopt: 1. conventional electric power locomotive; 2. air screw; Utilize air screw to get to the headstock rear to the air in headstock the place ahead and go in order to produce power, the air of extracting air pump out simultaneously is sprayed onto the rear of train and goes in order to produce a part of power.

(3) Urban Elevated Light Rail train system brief introduction: can copy city underground shallow table light rail train system to operate fully; Main difference be; City underground shallow table light rail train system builds in the street footway or green belt or below the automobile track; And the Urban Elevated Light Rail train system is to build in the street footway or green belt or more than the automobile track.

(3) the accurate levitation high speed train brief introduction of infrabar

Accurate suspension quasi high speed train existing problems: the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar has been introduced in the front; When the train speed of this class during at 200-350km/h; The problem that this train exists is not very outstanding, still, and when the train speed continuation increase of this class; As when increasing to the 500km/h left and right sides, then the problem that exists of the train of this moment is just very big.Mainly show two aspects, the one, headstock is difficult to arrange the air in the place ahead in time, and at this moment, the resistance that headstock receives air can increase significantly; The 2nd, the wear phenomenon that the dynamic wheel of train causes because of friction is very serious.

Solution: overcome above-mentioned two shortcomings; Then as long as change the power system of the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar; Promptly change a kind of engine installation that is the earth driving engine, make train when advancing at utmost speed, headstock also can keep suspending or the operation of accurate suspended state; In addition, siphon away the air that has little time to drain that is positioned at train the place ahead with lift pump, the air that siphons away lift pump can be used for producing power again after overdraft.

The characteristics of the earth driving engine are: it is similar to aero-jet engine, but the conversion efficiency of energy is higher than aero-jet engine again out and away; In addition, any contact can not take place with ground fixture in train when high-speed cruising, but must rely on ground fixture could produce huge power.Because the huge power resources of this driving engine are in ground, so be named as the earth driving engine.Its structure, principle and working process brief introduction are following:

The earth engine principles: a bending to the flexible plastic water pipe of horizontal direction ejection current, when blocking about 95% area of water outlet with finger, the distance of water ejection can increase significantly, simultaneously, water pipe also can be shunk back rapidly backward.When this explanation finger stopped the coolant outlet pipe water outlet, the pressure of water had increased considerably in the water pipe, and the pressure of the water that water pipe receives also increases significantly.As a same reason, when pressurized air when gas ejector pipe sprays at a high speed, if be the ejection that the object of captiveing joint hinders gas in the gas ejector pipe with one with ground also, then the gas ejector pipe recoil that receives ejection gas will increase significantly.Since gas ejector pipe be fixing ON TRAINS, then the power that receives of train also can increase significantly.

The effect of the earth engine construction and each several part: see Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9.The earth driving engine mainly contains a cylinder cavity 24, and in Fig. 8, the cross-sectional plane of cylinder cavity 24 is as " protruding " font, but the not sealing of the top of " protruding " word.In Fig. 9, also being designed with on the bottom surface of cylinder cavity 24 can be around the baffle plate 26 of fixed rotating shaft rotation.Require baffle plate 26 very light and handy, but can bear huge pressure.The below of baffle plate 26 is designed with a hollow cavity 27, is used for holding air in certain amount.Such condition is satisfied in designing requirement to baffle plate 26 shapes, is exactly baffle plate 26 as long as receive a resupinate power a little, and it will upwards overturn.

In Fig. 7, it is rectangular air inlet pipe 18 that a cross-sectional plane has been installed in 8 bottoms, train dynamics compartment, is called the cuboid air inlet pipe.The below of air inlet pipe 18 connects a gas ejector pipe 21 again, and gas ejector pipe 21 is vertical each other with air inlet pipe 18, (simultaneously referring to Fig. 9); Gas ejector pipe 21, air inlet pipe 18 are linked to be an integral body, are fixed on the bottom in compartment 8.Gas ejector pipe 21 all is positioned at the inside of cylinder cavity 24, and air inlet pipe 18 is to deliver to gas ejector pipe 21 in-to-ins to the pressure gas in the compartment 8 through the convex opening 23 of cylinder.In Fig. 9; The picture oblique line that is close to cuboid air inlet pipe 18 partly is cuboid lid 22; The same with air inlet pipe 18, also be mounted in the bottom of car body 8, its effect is the opening 23 that is used for blocking cylinder; Let cylinder cavity 24 interior pressure gass be not easy to leak, to increase the suffered power of train.

The earth engine working process: as shown in Figure 9; Be still in position shown in Fig. 9 if train is originally, when launch train, be positioned at headstock in-to-in motor driven compressor and start; Suck the air in headstock the place ahead and these air compression; Make that gas pressure intensity increases, temperature build-up, let again these pressurized airs through cuboid air inlet pipe 18 flow to gas ejector pipe 21. when pressurized air when gas ejector pipe 21 sprays, train will receive power forward.When the ejection air out-of-date from the top high velocity stream of baffle plate 26-2; Relation according to fluid pressure and flow velocity can get; Baffle plate 26-2 receives the pressure that hollow cavity 27 inner airs make progress to it and is greater than baffle plate 26-2 top air to its downward pressure, and baffle plate 26-2 will be around its upwards upset of rotating shaft, thereby blocks the ejection of gas ejector pipe 21 inner high voltage gases; At this moment, the air that sprayed of train will increase the pressure left that its produces significantly.

In Fig. 9, when cuboid lid 22 with train to left side motion just through among Fig. 9 during baffle plate 26-2, then the high pressure gas in the cylinder of the baffle plate 26-2 left side just begin to have leaked, the cylinder internal gas pressure can reduce fast.When design, the mouth of pipe of requirement gas ejector pipe 21 has at this moment just passed through the top of baffle plate 26-3.In like manner, the baffle plate 26-3 upset that also can was make progress automatically blocked gas ejector pipe 21 interior gases and was sprayed this moment.

Like this, whenever the mouth of pipe of gas ejector pipe 21 from the top of a baffle plate 26 through the time, baffle plate 26 upset that will is make progress automatically blocked the ejection of the interior high pressure gas of gas ejector pipe 21, thereby is made train obtain thrust to greatest extent.

In Fig. 9, each baffle plate 26 all should be to be in horizontality when not receiving the influencing of gas ejector pipe 21 ejection gases, and keeps the same smooth with the bottom surface of cylinder internal.

Because same railway should allow the train can two way, so in the bottom of cylinder 20, other one group of baffle plate 26 should will be set also, the deflecting direction of baffle plate 26 wants on the contrary complete among the deflecting direction of this group baffle plate 26 and Fig. 9.

Though jet plane speed is fast, energy consumption is big, and energy utilization ratio is very little, and reason is, speed was very fast when gas sprayed from airplane tail group, and temperature is also very high.And the special-purpose engine installation of infrabar aerotrain promptly driving engine is when work greatly, gas ejection back speed is almost 0, temperature can be very not high yet, just do not have the loss of very big kinetic energy and heat energy yet.So by contrast, the capacity usage ratio of this engine installation is high, can not fall far short with the capacity usage ratio of electrical motor.

The engine technology content of the earth driving engine advantage, the special use of shortcoming infrabar aerotrain is very low, structure is very simple, is exactly a motor driven compressor, thereby easy to manufacture, easy to maintenance, easy to operate and environmental protection or the like.Shortcoming is that the cost of disposable input construction cylinder is higher

The accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar is mainly constructed: accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar and top by the agency of the structure of the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar basic identical.Difference mainly contains 3 points: the one, and the accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar is different because of engine installation with the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar, and causes train head's shape also different with structure.The 2nd, the employed case of the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar and infrabar also has not together; In Fig. 4; Below, the compartment of the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar do not have case 1 '; Otherwise the air of case the inside is not easy to be squeezed in time by headstock the below in compartment.And the accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar is to go the whole inspirations of the air in headstock the place ahead, need not squeeze the air of case the inside to the below in compartment and go.So in order to reduce the resistance of the suffered air in the accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar surface to greatest extent, in Fig. 4, increase case 1 '.And the design of case 1 ' width will be looked the speed of train cruising and decide.The speed of a motor vehicle is big more, the compartment receive air pressure make progress make a concerted effort just greatly more, then the area that contacts with the air of below of bottom, compartment can be more little, then case 1 ' width also can be big more.Three is that the maximum difference of two kinds of trains is, the accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar Duo a same cylinder cavity 24 of growing with road than the accurate suspension quasi high speed train of infrabar.

The accurate levitation high speed train working process of infrabar: close the tailstock door 16 of compartment afterbody earlier, open air pump,, make compartment 8 receive air upwarding pressure of it equaled the gravity of train substantially an air extraction part in the hollow cavity 10.Open the air compressor that is positioned at the train head the inside again, produce high pressure gas.When high pressure gas during from gas ejector pipe 21 ejection, train will receive a power forward.When train advances, constantly suck the air in the place ahead, and be compressed into the pressure gas of HTHP to suction air.

The accurate levitation high speed train result of use of infrabar train is when advancing at utmost speed, and headstock receives resistance from the place ahead air can reduce (can analysis ratiocination draw this conclusion) significantly.Like this, under the condition of identical speed, train will be more energy-conservation.In addition, whole train can both be in and suspend or accurate suspended state, and then the wearing and tearing that cause because of friction of train will be reduced to minimum degree.Little because wear and tear, so can also save a large amount of maintenance and repair expenses.

(4) the infrabar superexpress train brief introduction that suspends fully

Existing problems when the accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar through wheel contact with track, with the 500km/h left and right sides speed time, the problem of train existence at this moment is not very outstanding.But, when train speed continue to increase, as be increased to 700km/h when above, then the problem that exists of train will be very outstanding.Main performance is: because the speed of a motor vehicle is too fast, then the friction drag that receives of wheel also can be very big, and the wearing and tearing of wheel also can be very serious.So just cause energy consumption and the various maintenance and repair expense all can be very big.

Solution lets whole train all be in complete suspended state, rather than near the accurate suspended state that suspends.

Effect, the principle of structure and component part

Suspend the fully structure of the accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar that structure and the front of superexpress train introduce of infrabar is substantially the same; Be that the infrabar superexpress train that suspends has fully possessed all structure, functions on the accurate levitation high speed train of infrabar fully, size is also identical.Difference is: infrabar suspended fully superexpress train many a kind of length special compartment shorter than other compartment---the compartment that leads, its effect are height and the left and right sides deflecting directions when being used for controlling train and advancing.Construct shown in figure 11.In Figure 10, Figure 11, the guiding compartment mainly contains two kinds of air chambers and two little hollow cavities, the car body top air chamber 31 that promptly leads, guiding side, compartment air chamber 32 and little hollow cavity 35.

Principle of work is: please be simultaneously referring to Figure 10, Figure 11.At first when design, when the train cruising, require other compartment except that the guiding compartment to receive upwarding pressure about 1.15 times that will approximate compartment gravity greatly of air, the compartment will be the state that keeps rising all the time like this.At this moment, other compartment will drive guiding compartment 34 and rise, and it is the state that rises highly all the time that guiding compartment 34 also can be in one.When guiding compartment 34 highly raises; High pressure gas will can produce downward recoil to the guiding compartment during high pressure gas ejection automatically from air gate 30 ejections (perhaps: train is the whole service process, and air gate 30 is spraying high pressure gas) always; The gas short stay of ejection is in guiding compartment air chamber 31; Also can produce downward pressure to guiding compartment 34, guiding compartment 34 height can descend, but can not descend always.Because when highly dropping to a certain size, guiding car body top air chamber 31 internal gas pressure will reduce significantly, and guiding compartment 34 can go up again automatically.Like this, the height in guiding compartment 34 can remain unchanged automatically, thereby is in the state that suspends fully.

In Figure 10; When left and right directions deflects (left side of establishing forward direction deflects) when guiding compartment 34 advances; High pressure gas is known from experience automatically from air gate 29 ejections (or train air gate 29 the whole service process is outwards spraying high pressure gas) always; Be full of guiding side, compartment air chamber 32, guiding compartment 34 can receive two kinds of power and deflection to the right to the right, but not deflection to the right always.Because two sides in guiding compartment 34 all are designed with air chamber, all can there be high pressure gas to produce application force.Like this, when train advances, can not come in contact all the time, thereby be in complete suspended state with the case of both sides.

Talk about high pressure gas above and eject from air gate 29,30, so, does the gas of discharge flow to again and where has gone? These gases definitely can not flow to hollow cavity 10 the insides and go, otherwise can disturb the stress balance in compartment 8.For this reason, two little hollow cavities 35 of ad hoc meter have designed the exhausr port 28 that is connected with ambient atmosphere in hollow cavity 35, and the area of exhausr port 28 is bigger, can discharge the big gas of air pressure in time.

Groundwork process: open the air compressor that is positioned at the train head the inside earlier, produce high pressure gas.After close the tailstock door 16 of compartment afterbody, open air pump, an air extractions part in the hollow cavity 10, make train receive air its make a concerted effort size of F and the gravity G of train that make progress satisfied relational expression F=1.15G substantially.At this moment, compartment 8 will rise, and drive guiding compartment 34 and rise,, but can not rise, can be in suspended state at last. alwaysLet high pressure gas flow in the gas ejector pipe 21 again, when high temperature, high-voltage gas sprayed from gas ejector pipe 21, train will receive power forward and move.When train reaches stable, normal moving velocity, just can the SELF CL air pump, open tailstock door 16.At this moment, train still can keep original suspended state to advance.At this moment; The mode of operation of air pump will be accepted the regulation and control of atmospheric pressure size in the hollow cavity 10; When the changing value scope of the variation overshoot of pressure size in the hollow cavity 10; Air pump is wanted and can be restarted automatically or SELF CL, thereby guarantees that basically atmospheric pressure is constant in the hollow cavity 10, and the size of making a concerted effort that finally makes train body receive air pressure remains unchanged basically.

If less variation will take place the direction that train advances (comprising height), then can under the condition of high-speed cruising, realize fully through the guiding compartment 34 of train.If the direction that train advances will have greatly changed, then must want train deceleration in advance below 500km/h, change the operation scheme of train simultaneously, make train convert accurate suspension operation state to from the running state that suspends fully.At this moment, because the wheel of train contacts with track, then the change of the sense of motion of train just becomes very easy.

The safety and stability problem: if prominent chance of train has a power failure, because the speed of a motor vehicle can not reduce suddenly significantly, then the atmospheric pressure in the hollow cavity 10 can not increase suddenly significantly yet, and train can not fall down suddenly yet and contact with track.At this moment, there is the abundant time to go to take other way fully, lets train stop as required.So car body can be under the condition of high-speed motion is contacted with track meets accident.The high pressure gas that are used for leading in advance also can more than enough deposit some, meet when having a power failure when prominent, also can continue to provide high pressure gas for a long time.When train speed drops to 500km/h when following automatically, train just can produce with track through wheel and contact, thereby makes the requirement parking of train according to people.

Annotate: all infrabar aerotrains can utilize the higher mains supply of voltage that sets up in orbit.

Claims (5)

1. an aerotrain comprises suspension system, control system and power system, and suspension system is made up of a part and the extract system of case (1), train body outside face; The method that train can be suspended is: unsettled the used track of train (2); The case (1) that equates with track length is built in top at track (2), and when the speed of a motor vehicle of train cruising was designed to 200km/h--800km/h, the height of the aspect ratio train head Rea car body of train head was wanted high 10cm-100cm; During train operation; Let the part of case (1) inside face and the part of train outside face surround one jointly near osed top hollow cavity (10), hollow cavity (10) is aft-opening at the afterbody place of train, when the train rapid movement; Headstock squeezes the air in the case (1) and opens; Then the interior atmospheric pressure of hollow cavity (10) diminishes, and the compartment receives upwarding pressure of air and is greater than downward pressure, and train will suspend; When train cruising speed designs is 80km/h-120km/h, utilizes air pump to extract the interior part air of hollow cavity out and reduce atmospheric pressure, thereby realize the suspension of train.

2. aerotrain according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: around the used track of train, built the case that equates with track length; The size of case and the designing requirement of shape are: when train cruising speed designs is 80km/h--120km/h; Shape of hood around the track is a plane, be positioned at train directly over, only cover the upper surface of train; When the cruising speed designs of train was 200-350km/h, the case around the track was surrounded by three faces, i.e. two sides and an end face have covered upper surface and two sides of train; When the cruising speed designs of train is 350--800km/h; Case around the track is made up of four parts; I.e. two sides, an end face and a part of bottom surface, case have still covered the part of the lower surface of car body beyond covering two sides of train body and upper surface.

3. aerotrain according to claim 1 is characterized in that: there is the high space of 30-300cm the train body below.

4. aerotrain according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: when train cruising speed designs is 500km/h--800km/h; In train, be designed with the guiding compartment, the main structure in guiding compartment is: be designed with guiding car body top air chamber (31), guiding side, compartment air chamber (32) and little hollow cavity (35) in the guiding compartment.

5. aerotrain according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when train cruising speed designs is 350km/h--800km/h, be designed with cylinder (24) and gas ejector pipe (21), cuboid lid (22) and gas block panel (26) in the power system of train.

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