CN1027642C - 阳离子聚合物的油包水乳状液 - Google Patents
阳离子聚合物的油包水乳状液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1027642C CN1027642C CN90110270A CN90110270A CN1027642C CN 1027642 C CN1027642 C CN 1027642C CN 90110270 A CN90110270 A CN 90110270A CN 90110270 A CN90110270 A CN 90110270A CN 1027642 C CN1027642 C CN 1027642C
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- oil emulsion
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- polyoxyethylene
- described water
- milk sap
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- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- -1 alkyl phosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229950007687 macrogol ester Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 2
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butenoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHVLMTFVQDZYHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-2-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)C(CN1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)=O OHVLMTFVQDZYHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRUKRHLZDVJJSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyanopentanoic acid Chemical compound N#CC(C)CCC(O)=O XRUKRHLZDVJJSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUJMVKJJUANUMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CCC#N DUJMVKJJUANUMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZIKYDMEBJERRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=C)(=O)OC[N+](C)(C)CC.CCl Chemical compound C(C=C)(=O)OC[N+](C)(C)CC.CCl IZIKYDMEBJERRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQXDYWHKPKEBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] QQXDYWHKPKEBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl levulinate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC(C)=O QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OS(=O)(=O)C(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012688 inverse emulsion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- RCLLINSDAJVOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n',n'-dimethylprop-2-enehydrazide Chemical compound CCN(N(C)C)C(=O)C=C RCLLINSDAJVOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001327 prunus amygdalus amara l. extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5227—Processes for facilitating the dissolution of solid flocculants in water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/32—Polymerisation in water-in-oil emulsions
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/14—Derivatives of phosphoric acid
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/14—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
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Abstract
适用于反转的阳离子聚合物的油包水乳状液,包括含憎水液体的连续相,含水溶性阳离子聚合物的不连续相,和在水中反转该乳状液的表面活性剂体系,该体系含有至少一种式(I)或(II)所示的磷酸烷基酯和至少一种与其相容的其它表面活性剂。式(I)中R1表示饱和或不饱和C8-18烃基,X和Y相同或不同,各为氢,碱金属,铵基或链烷醇氨基;n1是O或1-4的整数,式(II)中R2和R3相同或不同,各为饱和或不饱和C8-18烃基;X为氢,碱金属,铵基或链烷醇氨基,n2和n3各为0或1-4的整数。
Description
本发明涉及一种油包水乳状液(W/O乳状液),更具体地说,涉及一种含有新的反转表面活性剂体系的水溶性阳离子聚合物的W/O乳状液,在水中很容易转化。
水溶性阳离子聚合物,例如丙烯酰胺和阳离子
单体(例如甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯,甲基丙烯酸二乙胺基乙酯,或其季铵盐)的共聚物,作为高分子量聚合物恕凝剂、高分子量聚合物脱水剂、造纸过程中的化学品等是很有用的。
Banderhoff等人在JP-B-34-10644(此处所用术语“JP-B”是指“已经审查的公开的日本专利申请”)中公开了一种W/O乳状液及其制备方法。然而,因为所公开的乳状液实际上是不稳定的,使用时从经济方面考虑,还需要将水溶性聚合物通过沉降作用从乳状液中分离出来并作为固体回收。
Anderson等人的美国专利3624019克服了Banderhoff等人乳状液的某些缺点,它不需将聚合物以固体形式分离出来。Anderson专利所述的乳状液含有一种表面活性剂,借此在加入水时将乳状液转化为聚合物水溶液。虽然Anderson等人的W/O乳状液给常规制备方法和使用方法带来了进步,但是在乳状液中使用的表面活性剂的转化能力仍然不足,因为需要有很长的转化时间以及/或需要加入大量表面活性剂,才能在预定时间内完成转化作用。
本发明的一个目的是解决与上述常规技术有关的困难并提供一种在生产或贮存期间能长期稳定并且在水介质中能迅速转化的W/O乳状液。
本发明人已经进行了广泛深入的研究,以便达到上述目的及其它一些目的。结果,已经发现,有一种专门的表面活性剂体系,对于一种含有阳离子聚合物水溶液作为不连续相的乳状液在水中进行转化是特别有效的。
通过本发明可以实现上述和其它一些目的和优点,本发明涉及一种适于转化的阳离子聚合物的W/O乳状液,其中包括一个含有一种憎水液体的连续相和一个含有水溶性阳离子聚合物的不连续相,以及一种用以在水中转化上述乳状液的表面活性剂体系,所述表面活性剂系包括至少一种式(Ⅰ)或(Ⅱ)表示的磷酸烷基酯与至少一种能与该磷酸烷基酯相容的其它表面活性剂的混合物。
式中R1表示一个具有8-18个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烃基;x和y可以相同或不同,各自表示一个氢原子,碱金属,铵基,或一个链烷醇胺基;n1表示0或1-4的一个整数;
式中R2和R3可以相同或不同,各表示含8-18个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烃基;x表示一个氢原子,碱金属,铵基,或一个链烷醇胺基;n2和n3各表示0或一个1-4的整数。
意想不到的是,按照本发明,这种反转表面活性剂只在其中的水溶性聚合物是阳离子型的乳状液中才是有效的,但在其中的水溶性聚合物是非离子或阴离子型的乳状液中是无效的。
可用于本发明的水溶性阳离子聚合物包括阳离子单体的均聚物和这些阳离子单体与丙烯酰胺或其它乙烯基单体的共聚物,所述阳离子单体例如有(甲基)丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯,(甲基)丙烯酸二乙胺基乙酯,(甲基)丙烯酸二甲胺基丙酯,(甲基)丙烯酸二甲胺基羟基丙酯,二甲基氨基乙基丙烯酰胺及其季铵盐,以及乙烯基吡啶。这些阳离子聚合物在分子量方面不受限制。通常,水溶性阳离子聚合物的分子量自几万以上、到多达20,000,000左右较好。
在本发明中所用的连续相憎水液体包括液体烃类和取代的液体烃类。合适的憎水液体的实例的卤代烃类,例如全氯乙烯,和芳香族或脂肪族烃类,例如十二烷,十四烷,苯,二甲苯,煤油,和液体石蜡,最好的是脂肪烃类。
除了反转表面活性剂体系以外,可用来形成W/O乳状液的W/O乳化剂不受特别限制,而是可以使用通常用于W/O乳状液的乳化表面活性剂。在这方面,本发明的W/O乳状液可通过将含有上述连续相和不连续相的W/O乳状液与上面限定的新的反转表面活性剂体系相混合制得。于是,在这种情况下,紧接着用下面讨论的乳化剂来制备W/O乳状液,接着再与新的表面活性剂体系混合。较好的乳化剂是具有亲水亲油比(HLB)为1-10,更好是2-6的那些乳化剂。这些乳化剂的具体实例是脱水山梨醇单油酸酯,脱水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯,聚氧乙烯油基醚,聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚,甘油单硬脂酸酯,和它们的混合物。
本发明的水溶性阳离子聚合物的W/O乳状液含有一种新的反转表面活性剂体系。这种反转表面活性剂体系含有至少一种上述式(Ⅰ)或(Ⅱ)所示的磷酸烷基酯与至少一种能与该磷酸烷基酯相容的其它表面活性剂的混合物。
合适的磷酸烷基酯的实例包括聚氧乙烯磷酸单硬脂基酯、聚氧乙烯磷酸单油基酯、聚氧乙烯磷酸二硬脂基酯、聚氧乙烯磷酸二油基酯、聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚单磷酸酯和聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚二磷酸酯等的盐类。具体的实例是聚氧乙烯(n=3)磷酸单硬脂基酯钠盐,和聚氧乙烯(n=2)磷酸单油基酯钾盐。
可与上述磷酸烷基酯相容的这种“其它”水溶性表面活性剂包括烷芳基磺酸盐,二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐,高级醇类和环氧乙烷的缩合产物,烷基酚和环氧乙烷的缩合产物,高级脂肪酸脱水山梨醇酯和环氧乙烷的缩合产物,长链脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯,和多羟基醇和高级脂肪酸的部分酯类。具体的例子有阴离子表面活性剂,例如烷芳基磺酸的碱金属盐、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠,和非离子表面活性剂,例如月桂醇和10个环氧乙烷单元的反应产物、壬基酚和12个环氧乙烷单元的反应产物、四乙二醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨醇三硬脂酸酯、和脱水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯和12个环氧乙烷单元的反应产物。
在本发明的W/O乳状液中,含有水溶性阳离子聚合物和反转表面活性剂体系的水相(不连续相)形成胶体颗粒或液滴分散在含有一种憎水液体和一和W/O乳化剂的油相(连续相)中。水相在乳状液中的比率较好是占乳液总重量的大约50-90%,更好是55-85%。
乳状液中聚合物的量较好是占乳状液总重量的大约15-80%,更好是20-70%。
为了得到稳定的乳状液,W/O乳化剂的用量较好是占憎水液体总重量的大约1.0-20.0%,更好是2.0-15.0%。
反转表面活性剂体系的量较好是占乳状液总重量的大约0.3-5%,更好是0.5-4%,并且磷酸烷基酯与可相容的表面活性剂的重量比率为3/97至50/50,较好是5/95至40/60。
本发明的乳状液可以通过将单体水溶液乳化并分散于含有W/O乳化剂的憎水液体中、并在一种能形成自由基的聚合反应引发剂存在下使单体聚合而制得。
合适的聚合反应引发剂的实例包括氧化还原引发剂和偶氮型热解引发剂,前者含有过氧化物(例如过硫酸酯和一种烷基过氧化物)与一种还原剂(例如亚铁盐和胺化合物)的结合物,后者例如是偶氮双异丁腈,2,2′-偶氮双(2-脒基丙烷)氢氯化物,和4,4′-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)。聚合反应也可以在光敏剂(例如二苯酮和二苯乙醇酮甲基醚)存在下通过光照射来引发。
这些聚合反应引发剂和光敏剂的用量,相对于单体来说,通常分别是10-5000ppm,较好是30-3000ppm。如果需要,除了上述组分以外,这种反相乳液聚合体系中还可含有链转移剂,其它反转表面活性剂,螯合剂,缓冲剂,盐等。
本发明的反转表面活性剂体系通常在聚合之后加入乳状液中,但也可以聚合反应之前加入。
含有本发明的新的反转表面活性剂体系的水溶性阳离子聚合物的W/O乳状液在水中可以很容易地转化,借此使聚合物释放到水介质中成为溶液形式,以便很容易地提供一种聚合物水溶液。于是,工作效率显著改进。本发明的表面活性剂体系对阳离子聚合物是有效的,但对非离子或阴离子聚合物无效。
现在用参考实施例更详细地说明本发明,但应当理解,并不能认为本发明就限制在这些实施例中。在实施例中,除非另外指明,所有的份数和百分数都以重量给出。
实施例1-3和对照实施例1-2
1)制备乳状液:将112.0克50%丙烯酰胺水溶液和70.0克80%的氯化甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基铵(以后称之为METAC)水溶液加到86.0克水中,制得一个水相。将该水相加到含有120.0克液态脂肪烃(“Isozol-300”,Nisseki Kagaku制造)、4.0克甘油单硬脂酸酯(Leodor MS-60”,Kao制造;HLB:3.5)和8.0克脱水山梨醇单油酸酯(“Leodor SP-010”,Kao制造,HLB:4.8)的油相中,该混合物在Waring混合器中搅拌1分钟,得到一种W/O乳状液。将所得W/O乳状液装入一个带有搅拌器、氮气入口、温度计、水浴和一个气体出口的500毫升可分开的烧瓶中。通过吹入氮气60分钟,从烧瓶中吹除氧气之后,该乳状液保持在50℃,往其中加入聚合反应引发剂
2,2′-偶氮双-2,4-二甲基戊腈(0.05毫克,在1毫升甲苯中)。令体系发生聚合反应,直到剩余单体减少到1%或更少。
将壬基酚和12个环氧乙烷单元的反应产物(以后称之为NP-12EO)以及聚氧乙烯(n=3)磷酸单硬脂基酯钠盐或聚氧乙烯(n=2)磷酸油基酯钾盐按下面表1所示量慢慢加入所得W/O乳状液中,制得水溶性阳离子聚合物的W/O乳状液。
为了对比,按上述同样方式但不加入磷酸烷基酯,制得了对照用W/O乳状液。
用该聚合物在1/4N氯化钠水溶液中的1%溶液,用Tokyo Keiki有限公司制造的Brookfield粘度计“Model BL”,测得该聚合物的粘度为420厘泊。
2)乳液反转试验:
在一个500毫升玻璃烧杯中,放入494.6克离子交换水,在240rpm搅拌速度下加入上面制备的乳状液各5.4克。以时间为变量测量Brookfield粘度,直到读出的数值保持恒定。将每次测量所得值(A)与恒定的测量值(A)之比作为反转速度比[反转速度比=A/Ao×100(%)]。这一反转速度用使反转速度比接近100所需要的时间来评价。所得结果示于下面表1。从表1明显看出,本发明的乳状液的反转速度显著地高。(表1见文后)
对照实施例3
按照实施例1所述的同样方法,但水相是通过将丙烯酰胺50%水溶液179.2克和30%丙烯酸钠水溶液74.7克加到14.3克水中制备的,制得含反转表面活性剂的阴离子聚合物的W/O乳状液。在实施例1的同样条件下测得所得聚合物的粘度为3500厘泊。
该乳状液按实施例1所述进行同样的反转试验,但是其中将498.2克离子交换水放入500毫升玻璃烧杯中,并且加入1.8克乳状液,该乳状液中加入了下面表2所示数量的反转表面活性剂。所得结果示于表2。从表2结果可以看出,与采用实施例1-3所述的阳离子聚合物的实施例不同,没有观察到加入磷酸烷基酯引起的反转速度的改进。
对照实施例4
按实施例1所述的同样方法制得含有反转表面活性剂的非离子聚合物的W/O乳状液,但是其中的水相是通过将丙烯酰胺50%水溶液224.0克加到44.0克水中制得的。在实施例1所述的同样条件下,测得所得聚合物的粘度为1100厘泊。
按实施例1所述,将该乳状液进行同样的反转试验,但是其中将489.6克离子交换水放入500毫升玻璃烧杯中,并加入10.4克乳状液,该乳状液中加入了下面表3所示数量的反转表面活性剂。所得结果示于表3。从表3的结果可以看出,与采用实施例1-3中所述阳离子聚合物的实施例不同,没有观察到加入磷酸烷基酯引起的反转速度的改进。(表2,3见文后)
已经通过参考具体实施例详细地叙述了本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,很明显,在不偏离本发明精神和范围的条件下,可以进行各种变更和修改。
表1
反转表面活性剂
实施例号 磷酸烷基酯/相 反转速度比(%)
容表面活性剂 开始溶解以后的时间
量(%) 1分 3分 5分 10分 20分
实施例1 (a)/(c)=10/90 2.5 70 90 100 100 100
实施例2 (b)/(c)=20/80 2.5 60 85 95 100 100
实施例3 (a)/(c)=30/70 1.8 55 80 90 95 100
对照
实施例1 -/(c)=0/100 2.5 15 25 40 75 90
对照
实施例2 -/(c)=0/100 1.8 10 20 35 60 85
注:(a)聚氧乙烯(n=3)磷酸单硬脂基酯钠盐
(b)聚氧乙烯(n=2)磷酸油基酯钾盐
(c)壬基苯酚和12个环氧乙烷单元的反应产物(NP-12 EO)(下同)
表2
反转表面活性剂
实施例号 磷酸烷基酯/相 反转速度比(%)
容表面活性剂 开始溶解以后的时间
对照实施 量(%) 1分 3分 5分 10分 20分
例3-1 -/(c)=0/100 2.5 30 70 90 100 100
对照实施
例3-2 (a)/(c)=10/90 2.5 28 66 88 95 100
表3
反转表面活性剂
实施例号 磷酸烷基酯/相 反转速度比(%)
容表面活性剂 开始溶解以后的时间
对照实施 量(%) 1分 3分 5分 10分 20分
例4-1 -/(c)=0/100 2.5 25 55 75 90 100
对照实施
例4-2 (a)/(c)=10/90 2.5 25 50 70 90 100
Claims (15)
1、一种适于进行反转的阳离子聚合物的油包水乳状液,包括一个含有一种憎水液体的连续相,一个含有水溶性阳离子聚合物的不连续相,其中的不连续相在乳状液中的比率为50-90%重量,其中聚合物在乳状液中的量为15-80%重量,和一种在水中使上述乳状液反转的表面活性剂体系,该体系中包括至少一种由式(Ⅰ)或(Ⅱ)所示的磷酸烷基酯和至少一种能与上述的至少一种磷酸烷基酯相容的其它表面活性剂,
式中R1表示含有8-18个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烃基;X和Y可以相同或不同,各自表示一个氢原子,碱金属,铵基或链烷醇氨基;n1表示0或1-4的一个整数;
式中R2和R3可以相同或不同,各自表示含有8-18个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烃基;X表示一个氢原子,碱金属,铵基,或链烷醇氨基;n2和n3各表示0或1-4的一个整数,其中所述的反转表面活性剂体系的量为乳状液总重量的0.3-5%,并且磷酸烷基酯和相容的水溶性表面活性剂的重量比率为3/97至50/50。
2、权利要求1所述的油包水乳状液,其中所述的式(Ⅰ)或(Ⅱ)所示的磷酸烷基酯选自聚氧乙烯磷酸单硬脂基酯,聚氧乙烯磷酸单油基酯,聚氧乙烯磷酸二硬脂基酯,聚氧乙烯磷酸二油基酯聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚单磷酸酯和聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚二磷酸酯。
3、权利要求1所述的油包水乳状液,其中所述的相容的水溶性表面活性剂选自烷基芳基磺酸盐,二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐,高级醇类和环氧乙烷缩合物,烷基酚类和环氧乙烷缩合物,高级脂肪酸脱水山梨醇酯和环氧乙烷缩合物,长链脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯,和多元醇与高级脂肪酸的部分酯类。
4、权利要求1所述的油包水乳状液,其中所述的水溶性阳离子聚合物是阳离子单体和丙烯酰胺或其它乙烯基单体的共聚物。
5、权利要求1所述的油包水乳状液,其中所述的阳离子聚合物的分子量为几万以上到最多约为20,000,000。
6、权利要求1所述的油包水乳状液,其中所述的憎水液体是液态烃或取代的液态烃。
7、权利要求6所述的油包水乳状液,其中的憎水液体选自卤代烃类,芳香烃类,或脂肪烃类。
8、权利要求7所述的油包水乳状液,其中的卤代烃是全氯乙烯。
9、权利要求6所述的油包水乳状液,其中所述的脂肪或芳香烃选自苯,二甲苯,煤油和液体石蜡。
10、权利要求1所述的油包水乳状液,其中所述的连续相进一步包括其亲水亲油比(HLB)为1-10的乳化活性剂。
11、权利要求10所述的油包水乳状液,其中的HLB为2-6。
12、权利要求10所述的油包水乳状液,其中的乳化表面活性剂选自脱水山梨醇单油酸酯,脱水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯,聚氧乙烯油基醚,聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚,甘油单硬脂酸酯及其混合物。
13、权利要求2所述的油包水乳状液,其中所述的磷酸烷基酯选自聚氧乙烯(n=3)磷酸单硬脂基酯钠盐和聚氧乙烯(n=2)磷酸单油基酯钾盐。
14、权利要求1所述的油包水乳状液,其中所述的反转表面活性剂体系的量为0.5-4%重量。
15、权利要求1所述的油包水乳状液,其中磷酸烷基酯与相容的水溶性表面活性剂的重量比率为5/95至40/60。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP338333/89 | 1989-12-28 | ||
JP1338333A JPH03200840A (ja) | 1989-12-28 | 1989-12-28 | カチオン性ポリマーの油中水型エマルジョン |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1052869A CN1052869A (zh) | 1991-07-10 |
CN1027642C true CN1027642C (zh) | 1995-02-15 |
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CN90110270A Expired - Fee Related CN1027642C (zh) | 1989-12-28 | 1990-12-28 | 阳离子聚合物的油包水乳状液 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5185393A (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH03200840A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR0184519B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1027642C (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN107849434A (zh) * | 2015-08-07 | 2018-03-27 | 艺康美国股份有限公司 | 用于油包水胶乳的磷官能反相剂及使用方法 |
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CA2143856A1 (en) | 1992-09-04 | 1994-03-17 | Rudolph Klima | Lubricants for paper coatings |
JP3375244B2 (ja) * | 1996-02-28 | 2003-02-10 | 花王株式会社 | アスファルト改質材及びアスファルト組成物 |
EP0874002B2 (en) * | 1997-04-22 | 2008-08-27 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Highly water-absorptive polymer and process for producing the same |
CN1084345C (zh) * | 1999-08-05 | 2002-05-08 | 石油勘探开发科学研究院油田化学研究所 | 高分子量阳离子聚合物的制备 |
GB0106233D0 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2001-05-02 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Process for flocculating suspensions |
CN1894284B (zh) * | 2003-12-15 | 2011-01-05 | 赫尔克里士公司 | 反相乳液聚合物的转化的改进 |
DE602004009828T2 (de) * | 2003-12-15 | 2008-08-14 | Hercules Inc., Wilmington | Verbesserte umkehr von in inverser emulsion vorliegenden polymeren |
JP4840995B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-17 | 2011-12-21 | ハイモ株式会社 | 油中水型分散液の希釈液、その調製方法及びその使用方法 |
CN104262532B (zh) * | 2014-09-12 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种凝油剂及其制备方法 |
EP3331962B1 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2021-02-17 | Ecolab USA Inc. | Carbonyl functional inversion agents for water-in-oil latices and methods of use |
CA2994681A1 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-16 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Nonionic inversion agents for water-in-oil latices and methods of use |
FR3094373B1 (fr) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-01-07 | S N F Sa | Emulsion inverse pour la fracturation hydraulique |
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CH645653A5 (de) * | 1980-08-01 | 1984-10-15 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Quaternaere, copolymere, hochmolekulare ammoniumsalze auf acrylbasis, deren herstellung und verwendung als aktive komponente in kosmetischen mitteln. |
-
1989
- 1989-12-28 JP JP1338333A patent/JPH03200840A/ja active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-12-28 KR KR1019900022203A patent/KR0184519B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-28 US US07/635,026 patent/US5185393A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-28 CN CN90110270A patent/CN1027642C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
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CN107849434A (zh) * | 2015-08-07 | 2018-03-27 | 艺康美国股份有限公司 | 用于油包水胶乳的磷官能反相剂及使用方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPH03200840A (ja) | 1991-09-02 |
KR910012092A (ko) | 1991-08-07 |
US5185393A (en) | 1993-02-09 |
CN1052869A (zh) | 1991-07-10 |
KR0184519B1 (ko) | 1999-05-15 |
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