CN102762378A - 燃料部件 - Google Patents
燃料部件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102762378A CN102762378A CN2011800087974A CN201180008797A CN102762378A CN 102762378 A CN102762378 A CN 102762378A CN 2011800087974 A CN2011800087974 A CN 2011800087974A CN 201180008797 A CN201180008797 A CN 201180008797A CN 102762378 A CN102762378 A CN 102762378A
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- component
- polymer composition
- polyamide
- fuel part
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- JKTORXLUQLQJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phosphonobutylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCCP(O)(O)=O JKTORXLUQLQJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003189 Nylon 4,6 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 23
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 tanks Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000572 Nylon 6/12 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methacrylic acid Natural products CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-LURJTMIESA-N (2s)-hexane-1,2,6-triol Chemical compound OCCCC[C@H](O)CO ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWSQKOKULIALEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[2-(piperidin-3-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]imidazol-4-yl]acetonitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=1N(C(=CN=1)CC#N)C1=NC(=NC=C1)NC1CNCCC1)C(F)(F)F BWSQKOKULIALEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDYVUKGVKRZQNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phosphonohexylphosphonic acid Chemical group OP(O)(=O)CCCCCCP(O)(O)=O WDYVUKGVKRZQNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003656 Daiamid® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004148 curcumin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-2,5-diol Chemical compound OC(=C)CCC(O)=C RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010102 injection blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/704—Crystalline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/40—Closed containers
- B32B2439/66—Cans, tins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种燃料部件,其包含聚合物组合物,所述聚合物组合物含有相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重至少1重量%的组分A,组分A为具有至少2个碳原子和至多5个碳原子的二胺和具有至少10个碳原子的二酸作为结构单元的脂肪族半结晶的聚酰胺。本发明还涉及这种燃料部件的制备方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种包含聚合物组合物的燃料部件以及这种燃料部件的制备方法。
燃料部件是已知的,例如由聚合物组合物制成。WO2009/119759描述了一种由组合物制成的燃料部件,所述组合物由端氨基浓度高于端羧基浓度的聚酰胺-6、滑石和分散剂组成。
为了安全和环境保护,通常需要降低渗入燃料部件的燃料的量。根据WO2009/119759的燃料部件的缺点为,聚合物组合物的燃料渗透性仍很高。
本发明的目标是提供这样一种燃料部件,其中该燃料部件中聚合物组合物的燃料渗透性降低。
业已令人惊讶地发现,包含含有至少1重量%(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重)的组分A(具有至少2个碳原子和至多5个碳原子的二胺和具有至少10个碳原子的二酸作为结构单元的脂肪族半结晶的聚酰胺)的聚合物组合物的燃料部件与不含这种聚酰胺的聚合物组合物相比,显示出降低的燃料渗透性。
这将在下列实施例中举例说明。
术语“燃料”在本文中被理解为包括了在内燃机或高压缩比发动机中被用作燃料的烃的各种混合物。因而,该术语具体地包括燃油、柴油和所有类型的汽油以及烃和醇的混合物等。
“燃料部件”在本文中被理解为可能与燃料接触的部件,例如燃料箱、燃料罐、燃料箱盖和燃料软管。燃料箱在本文中被理解为用于容纳燃料的工具。适宜地,该箱具有一个或更多个开口,适用于单独地或组合填充和/或排放燃料。
“半结晶的聚酰胺”在本文中被理解为包括具有结晶区和无定形区的聚合物。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,燃料部件是整体或单层部件。实例为燃料泵的壳体、拉环(tab)和单层燃料箱。诸如注射成型、旋转成型和吹塑成型的生产方法是已知的用于提供单层燃料部件的生产方法。其优点为生产方法简单,并且设计自由度高。根据本发明的单层燃料部件的优点为,燃料渗透性较低或实现相同的燃料渗透性的单层可以较薄。单层部件的另一个优点为,燃料渗透更加均匀,并且不会出现收聚(pinching)。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,燃料部件是多层部件。多层部件的实例为多层燃料箱、多层燃料罐和多层燃料软管。多层燃料部件通常通过吹塑成型或通过挤出制备。那么,一个或更多个层由含有至少1重量%(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重)的组分A的聚合物组合物制成。多层燃料部件的优点为,可以有利地结合多个层的性能。其他层可以包括高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、乙烯-乙烯醇(EVOH)、在多方面有益的搭层(tielayer)。HDPE对抗冲击性、抗吸湿性和耐化学性有积极的影响。EVOH因其低燃料渗透而著称。搭层因其总体强度而被使用。根据本发明的多层燃料部件的另一个优点为,聚合物组合物的降低的燃料渗透使得燃料部件的设计简化,例如较薄的层,或者较少的层,或者整个燃料部件的燃料渗透较低。
聚合物组合物在本文中被理解为其中存在组分A和任选的一种或更多种其他聚合物(在本文中被称为组分B)的组合物。组分B包括热塑性聚合物,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚酰胺。
在一个实施方式中,组分B是线性的。这有利于注射成型,因为线性聚合物通常具有较低的粘度,这允许更好地填充模具。
在另一个实施方式中,组分B是支化的。支化的聚合物通常具有高分子量,例如至少100000,这有利于吹塑成型。这使得型坯的稳定性更好,并且产生更加均等的壁厚。
优选地,组分B为一种或更多种聚酰胺,更优选为线性、半结晶的聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺-6、聚酰胺-66或聚酰胺-46、或聚酰胺-12。
组分A可以例如为PA-210、PA-410和PA-510、PA-212、PA-412和PA-512、PA-214、PA-414和PA-514,其中“PA”代表“聚酰胺”。
由二胺和二酸制成的聚酰胺通常被记为AABB树脂,参见例如NylonPlastics Handbook,由Melvin I.Kohan编辑,Hanser Publishers出版,1995,第5页。所用的命名法遵循Nylon Plastics Handbook中所用的,例如PA-612表示结构单元为己烷-1,6-二胺和十二烷二酸的均聚物,PA-6/12表示由ε-己内酰胺和月桂内酰胺制成的共聚物,而PA-6和PA-12的共混物被描述为PA-6/PA-12。
优选地,组分A是线性聚酰胺,因为这些聚酰胺通常是较少无定形的并且显示出较小的燃料渗透。
优选地,二酸具有至多14个碳原子。熔融温度随二胺和二酸的碳原子数的减少而增大,这对机械性能有积极的影响。当二胺的碳原子数在2-5的范围内且二酸的碳原子数在10-14的范围内时,燃料渗透性和熔融温度为最佳。
优选地,组分A的二酸是癸二酸,例如为PA-210、PA-410或PA-510。包含含有这些聚酰胺的聚合物组合物的燃料部件显示出非常低的燃料渗透性与低温(例如-30℃)下高抗冲击性的组合。更优选地,使用PA-410或PA-510,因为这些聚酰胺显示出良好的耐水性。
优选地,组分A的二胺是丁烷-1,4-二胺,例如为PA-410、PA-412和PA-414,因为这使燃料部件的耐峰值温度性高。
甚至更优选地,组分A是PA-410,换句话说其以丁烷-1,4-二胺作为二胺且以癸二酸作为二酸。当组分A为PA-410时,相对于PA-610,燃料渗透甚至更低,并且相对于PA-610,耐峰值温度性更高。
根据本发明的燃料部件包含含有至少1重量%(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重)的组分A的聚合物组合物。业已令人惊讶地发现,与不含组分A的燃料部件相比,根据本发明的燃料部件显示出较低的燃料渗透性,甚至当组分A以相对低的量存在时也如此,例如以至少1重量%、优选2重量%、更优选3重量%、甚至更优选4重量%的量(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重)。
更优选地,聚合物组合物包含至少10重量%(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重)的组分A。甚至更优选地,聚合物组合物包含至少20重量%(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重)的组分A。
较高量的组分A的优点为,聚合物组合物的燃料渗透甚至更低,和/或燃料部件的设计可以简化同时保持相同的燃料渗透。
优选地,根据本发明的燃料部件的燃料渗透为40℃下至多4g CE10燃料mm/m2每天,更优选为40℃下2.5g mm/m2每天、甚至更优选0.5gmm/m2每天。
另一个优点是,根据本发明的燃料部件不易受到燃料中乙醇的影响。已显示出,当组分A的量为至少60重量%(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重)时,CE20/CE10的燃料渗透比小于40℃下1.5g mm/m2每天。更优选地,组分A的量为至少70重量%(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重),因为这使得CE20/CE10的燃料渗透比甚至更小。
当燃料部件包含含有至少95重量%(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重)的组分A的聚合物组合物时,业已令人惊讶地发现,燃料箱对CE20/CE10燃料具有甚至更小的燃料渗透比。更优选地,燃料部件包含含有至少95重量%(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重)的组分A的聚合物组合物。
优选地,聚合物组合物包含组分A和至少30重量%的聚酰胺-6(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重)。其优点为,聚合物组合物的燃料渗透保持低于根据聚酰胺-6单独的燃料渗透性和组分A单独的燃料渗透性预期的值。更优选地,聚合物组合物包含至少40重量%的聚酰胺-6,甚至更优选至少50重量%的聚酰胺-6。聚酰胺-6和组分A的共混物的协同效应为燃料渗透性保持较低,同时成本价格保持相对较低,而机械性能保持足够。另一个优点为,通过改变组分A相对于聚酰胺-6的量可以将组合物的燃料渗透性调至法定要求,而无需调整燃料部件的设计。
更优选地,聚合物组合物包含组分A(其中二胺为丁烷-1,4-二胺,二酸为癸二酸,换句话说组分A为PA-410)和至少30重量%的聚酰胺-6(相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重),更优选至少40重量%的聚酰胺-6,甚至更优选至少50重量%的聚酰胺-6。这在注射成型时提供更好的焊接性能。还降低了聚合物组合物的燃料渗透性,同时保持成本价格较低。
根据本发明的燃料部件的额外优点为,低温抗冲击性保持足够。
燃料部件可以通过已知的方法制备,例如注射成型或吹塑成型。
注射成型在本文中被理解为包括下列步骤:
a.加热含有组分A和任选的组分B的组合物,以得到粘性液体;
b.用粘性液体填充模具型腔;
c.将模具中的粘性液体置于压力下,直到其冷却并固化形成部件;
d.打开模具;
e.取出该部件。
吹塑成型在本文中被理解为包括至少下列步骤:
a.加热含有组分A和任选的组分B的组合物,以得到粘性液体;
b.用粘性液体形成型坯;
c.通过加压气体使型坯扩大,并将其压向模具型腔,直到其冷却并固化形成部件;
d.打开模具;
e.取出该部件。
优选地,燃料部件具有良好的低温抗冲击性,这是通过ASTM normD4272在-30℃下测试。根据本发明的燃料部件中可以存在多种抗冲改性剂。
合适的抗冲改性剂的实例为不仅含有非极性单体(例如烯烃)而且含有极性或反应性单体(例如,其中包括含有丙烯酸酯和环氧化物、酸或酸酐的单体)的橡胶状聚合物。实例包括乙烯与(甲基)丙烯酸的共聚物或用酸酐基团官能化的乙烯/丙烯共聚物。这种添加剂的优点为它们不仅改善聚合物组合物的冲击强度,还有助于增大粘度。
根据本发明的燃料部件可以任选地包含增强剂。诸如玻璃纤维的增强剂的优点为,燃料渗透性进一步降低。然而,增强剂的缺点为,组合物的密度增大,这是不期望的。许多燃料部件,例如户外功率产品(吹叶机、剪叶机)中的燃料箱,从终端用户的人体工学考虑,其重量需要尽可能地降低。业已令人惊讶地发现,根据本发明的燃料部件优选地具有较低量的填料,因为通过密度通常小于填料的组分A的存在降低了燃料渗透性。
合适的填料为矿物填料,例如粘土、云母、滑石、玻璃球。增强纤维为例如玻璃纤维。作为增强纤维,优选地,聚酰胺组合物包含5-50wt%的玻璃纤维(相对于聚合物组合物的总重),更优选10-45wt%的玻璃纤维,最优选15-40重量%的玻璃纤维。合适的玻璃纤维的直径为5-20微米,优选8-15微米,并且被提供了适用于聚酰胺的涂层。包含玻璃纤维的聚合物组合物的优点为,增大其强度和刚性,特别是在较高的温度下也如此,这便允许在高达接近聚合物组合物中的聚合物熔点的温度下使用。
现在通过实施例说明本发明,但不想限于此。
实施例
方法
根据ASTM E96BW通过重量损失法测定燃料渗透率,其中用ASTM燃料CE10(由10体积%的乙醇和90体积%的ASTM燃料C(50/50重量%的甲苯和异辛烷的混合物)组成)代替水。燃料渗透测试在40℃干燥的条件下进行。该方法的标准偏差为5-10%。除非另外说明,重量百分比指的是相对于聚酰胺的总重。结果显示在表1中。
燃料吸收测试通过下列方法进行:将已知厚度的聚合物板浸入燃料CE10中,研究随时间重量的增加。在实验开始时,较频繁地(每隔一小时)测量重量,第一天之后每隔一天进行测量。使用厚度为1mm、表面为4×4cm的板。该方法能得到总扩散率(D)、总的溶解度(S),从而通过间接法确定燃料渗透性(P)。
通过燃料吸收量(溶解度)和吸收速率(扩散)确定燃料渗透率:
P=D*S (1)
对于小板几何形状来说,已知短时间的相对重量吸收是时间的平方根的线性函数,可以用简化的方程描述:
其中:
Mt-t时的重量
M0-干板的初始重量(时间为0时)
M∞-肿胀的板的重量(无限时间时)
L-板的半厚度
通过这种方法,可以从图的斜率计算出扩散率。
总的溶解度(S)可以从总的重量吸收(无限时间时)得到,定义为:
通过这种方法测定的溶解度用百分比表示,表示溶于100g聚合物的燃料的量。通过溶解度和扩散率,可以根据公式1计算出总渗透率。表2显示了燃料吸收测试的结果。
所用的聚酰胺:
组分A:
PA-410,结构单元为丁烷-1,4-二胺和癸二酸的聚酰胺,未填充,Mn=18000
组分B:
I PA-6,未填充,Mn=28000
II PA-6,未填充,Mn=15000
PA-610,结构单元为己烷-1,6-二胺和癸二酸的聚酰胺,未填充,Mn=16000
组合物
用下表所提到的聚酰胺来制备组合物。用这些组合物制备测试板。板的厚度为1mm,直径为5cm。在室温下进行燃料吸收测试。
表1燃料渗透率
组合物 | 重量%组分A | 重量%组分B | 以gmm/(m2天)计 |
对比例-A | 0PA-410 | 100IPA-6 | 4.7 |
1 | 50PA-410 | 50IPA-6 | 1.6 |
2 | 100PA-410 | 0 | 1.4 |
对比例-B | 0PA-410 | 100IIPA-6 | 5.9 |
3 | 1PA-410 | 99II PA-6 | 3.2 |
4 | 2PA-410 | 98II PA-6 | 3.5 |
5 | 10PA-410 | 90II PA-6 | 3.7 |
6 | 20PA-410 | 80II PA-6 | 3.7 |
7 | 35PA-410 | 65IIPA-6 | 3.7 |
8 | 50PA-410 | 50IIPA-6 | 3.7 |
9 | 100PA-410 | 0 | 1.4 |
对比例-C | 0PA-410 | 100PA-610 | 6.2 |
这些实施例清楚地表明,根据本发明的包含组分A(在此处为PA-410)的聚合物组合物显示出降低的燃料渗透(参见组合物1-9与对比例A-C相比较)。例如,组合物1显示出燃料渗透降低至1.6gmm/(m2天),这是不含PA-410的(对比例-A)燃料渗透的三分之一。
尽管所用PA-410的量很低,组合物3和4清楚地显示出降低的燃料渗透。与对比例-B相比,其中使用了10%PA-410的组合物5显示出的降低因子为1.6。
相对于PA-610的组合物,根据本发明的组合物也显示出降低的燃料渗透(组合物1-9与对比例-C相比较)。
这些实施例清楚地表明,聚合物组合物中组分A(在本文中为PA-410)的存在对燃料渗透有积极影响,因而降低燃料渗透。
表2燃料吸收测试
组合物 | 重量%聚酰胺,聚酰胺的类型 | 燃料渗透[gmm/(m2天)] |
10 | 100%PA-410 | 1.3 |
对比例-D | 100%PA-610 | 3.2 |
对比例-E | 100%IIPA-6 | 7.9 |
表2中的结果清楚地表明,通过燃料吸收法测定,与其中使用聚酰胺6的组合物相比,由含有组分A的聚合物组合物制成的小板的燃料渗透性的降低因子约为6(实验10与对比实验E相比)。与聚酰胺-610相比,观察到燃料渗透的降低因子为2.5(组合物10与对比例-D相比)。
Claims (11)
1.一种燃料部件,其包含聚合物组合物,所述聚合物组合物含有相对于聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重至少1重量%的组分A,所述组分A为具有至少2个碳原子和至多5个碳原子的二胺和具有至少10个碳原子的二酸作为结构单元的脂肪族半结晶的聚酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料部件,其中,所述组分A是线性的。
3.根据前面任何一个权利要求所述的燃料部件,其特征在于,所述具有至少10个碳原子的二酸是癸二酸。
4.根据前面任何一个权利要求所述的燃料部件,其特征在于,所述具有至少2个碳原子和至多5个碳原子的二胺是丁烷-1,4-二胺。
5.根据前面任何一个权利要求所述的燃料部件,其特征在于,所述具有至少10个碳原子的二酸是癸二酸,并且所述具有至少2个碳原子和至多5个碳原子的二胺是丁烷-1,4-二胺。
6.根据前面任何一个权利要求所述的燃料部件,其特征在于,相对于所述聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重,所述组分A的量为至少70重量%。
7.根据前面任何一个权利要求所述的燃料部件,其中,所述聚合物组合物进一步包含相对于所述聚合物组合物中聚合物的总重至少5重量%的组分B。
8.根据权利要求7所述的燃料部件,其特征在于,所述组分B选自聚酰胺-6、聚酰胺-66或聚酰胺-46、和聚酰胺-12的组。
9.用于制备根据前面任何一个权利要求所述的燃料部件的方法,其特征在于,含有组分A的聚合物组合物被挤出成型或吹塑成型。
10.根据权利要求1-8所述的或通过权利要求9的方法制成的燃料部件,其特征在于,所述燃料部件是单层部件。
11.根据权利要求1-8所述的或通过权利要求9的方法制成的燃料部件,其特征在于,所述燃料部件是多层部件。
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DE3276758D1 (en) | 1982-11-12 | 1987-08-20 | Stamicarbon | Use of (co)polytetramethylene-adipamide articles |
JPH0641514B2 (ja) * | 1988-08-17 | 1994-06-01 | 三菱化成株式会社 | ブロックコポリアミドの製造法 |
NL1009846C2 (nl) | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-15 | Dsm Nv | Polyamide voortbrengsel uit polytetramethyleendizuuramide. |
DE10030716A1 (de) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-03 | Degussa | Tieftemperaturschlagzähe Polymerlegierung |
KR100387850B1 (ko) | 2000-12-29 | 2003-06-18 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 폴리아미드 수지 조성물 및 이를 이용한 합성수지제품 |
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WO2009119759A1 (ja) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | 宇部興産株式会社 | ポリアミド樹脂組成物 |
EP2478054B1 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2014-01-29 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Polyamide composition containing polyamide 4,10 |
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2011
- 2011-02-03 EA EA201201118A patent/EA201201118A1/ru unknown
- 2011-02-03 KR KR1020127023198A patent/KR20120140655A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-02-03 EP EP11703643A patent/EP2533977A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-02-03 CN CN2011800087974A patent/CN102762378A/zh active Pending
- 2011-02-03 JP JP2012551622A patent/JP2013518958A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-02-03 CA CA2787549A patent/CA2787549A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-02-03 WO PCT/EP2011/051573 patent/WO2011095551A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-02-03 US US13/577,487 patent/US20130172495A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-02-03 BR BR112012019723A patent/BR112012019723A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101072833A (zh) * | 2004-10-05 | 2007-11-14 | 阿克马法国公司 | 柔性半结晶聚酰胺 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2011095551A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
KR20120140655A (ko) | 2012-12-31 |
JP2013518958A (ja) | 2013-05-23 |
EA201201118A1 (ru) | 2013-01-30 |
CA2787549A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
US20130172495A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
BR112012019723A2 (pt) | 2016-05-10 |
EP2533977A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
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