CN102756643A - 电动车辆用冷却系统及电气部件用冷却方法 - Google Patents

电动车辆用冷却系统及电气部件用冷却方法 Download PDF

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CN102756643A
CN102756643A CN2012101229729A CN201210122972A CN102756643A CN 102756643 A CN102756643 A CN 102756643A CN 2012101229729 A CN2012101229729 A CN 2012101229729A CN 201210122972 A CN201210122972 A CN 201210122972A CN 102756643 A CN102756643 A CN 102756643A
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渡部纲一郎
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/06—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with air cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/005—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0433—Arrangement under the rear seats
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

本发明提供电动车辆用冷却系统及电气部件用冷却方法。一种具有改进了的冷却性能而无需专用通风风扇的电动车辆用冷却系统，其用于安装于箱体中的电气部件，其中，延伸到箱体中的排气管道布置于在车室的下部布置的箱体的出气口；风扇壳的联接到冷却管道的出气口部的排气口面对排气管道的进气口，在空气流动方向上在排气口与排气管道的进气口之间留有预定间隙；当风扇壳的排气口投影到包括排气管道的进气口的平面时，风扇壳的排气口在排气管道的进气口的内侧开口，在风扇壳的排气口和排气管道的进气口之间，在与空气流动交叉的方向上形成有预定间隙。

Description

电动车辆用冷却系统及电气部件用冷却方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电动车辆用冷却系统及电气部件用冷却方法，并且更特别地涉及具有改进的冷却性能、用于空气冷却安装于电动车辆的电气部件的电动车辆用冷却系统。
背景技术
诸如高压电池、充电器以及DC/DC转换器等电气部件被安装到诸如混合动力车辆和插塞式混合动力车辆等的电动车辆。这些电气部件在运行期间产生热量，由此需要冷却系统冷却。
电动车辆用传统冷却系统以如下方式冷却电气部件：具有散热片的电气部件布置于在大致相同位置具有进气口和出气口的箱体的内部；覆盖电气部件的散热片的冷却管道被安装到进气口和出气口以形成大致U字形的空气通道；并且空气通过连接到进气口的送风扇经由空气通道循环(参见JP 2000-40535A)。
如JP 2000-40535 A所公开的那样，电动车辆用冷却系统通过冷却用风扇强制地使空气流过与电气部件的发热部接触的散热片。
电气部件用冷却系统能够简单地通过使空气流过散热片而冷却经受高温的部分。然而，在电气部件布置在箱体中的情况下，箱体内的空气通过除电气部件的散热片以外的部分的散热而被加热到高温度。由此，当电气部件暴露到高温空气时，施加于电气部件的热负荷增加。
为了防止电气部件周围空气温度的升高，可以考虑不仅增加用于冷却电气部件的风扇，也增加用于箱体内部通风的通风风扇。另人遗憾的是，另一通风风扇的增加对于安装空间是不利的，并且增加了成本。
发明内容
本发明提供电动车辆用冷却系统以及电气部件用冷却方法，其用于改进对布置于箱体内的电气部件的冷却性能而无需增加专用通风风扇。
本发明提供一种电动车辆用冷却系统，在该冷却系统中，包括进气口和出气口的箱体布置于车辆的下部；具有散热片的电气部件布置于所述箱体中；冷却管道安装到所述电气部件以用于覆盖所述散热片；具有吸气用风扇的风扇壳被联接到所述冷却管道的出气口部，其中，延伸到所述箱体的排气管道布置于所述箱体的出气口，所述风扇壳的排气口面对所述排气管道的进气口，在空气流动方向上在所述排气口与所述排气管道的进气口之间留有预定间隙；当所述风扇壳的排气口投影到包括所述排气管道的进气口的平面时，所述风扇壳的排气口在所述排气管道的进气口的内侧开口，并且在所述风扇壳体的排气口和所述排气管道的进气口之间，在与空气流动交叉的方向上形成有预定间隙。
此外，本发明还提供一种用于电动车辆中的电气部件的冷却方法，该电动车辆包括：箱体，其布置于车室的下部并且包括进气口和出气口；电气部件，其布置于所述箱体中并且具有散热片；冷却管道，其安装到所述电气部件并且覆盖所述散热片；以及风扇壳，其联接到所述冷却管道的出气口部并且在其中具有吸气用风扇，其中，延伸到所述箱体中的排气管道布置于所述箱体的出气口，所述风扇壳的排气口面对所述排气管道的进气口，形成在所述风扇壳的排气口和所述排气管道的进气口之间的预定空间被设定成使得：当由所述风扇抽吸的空气从所述风扇壳的排气口流入所述排气管道的进气口时，满足关系P1＞P2＞P3，其中，P1表示所述风扇壳内部的压力，P2表示所述风扇壳周围的压力，且P3表示所述排气管道内部的压力。
其中，所述预定空间可以包括在空气流动方向上位于所述风扇壳的排气口与所述排气管道的进气口之间的预定间隙。
其中，所述预定空间还可以包括在与空气流动交叉的方向上形成在所述风扇壳的排气口和所述排气管道的进气口之间的预定间隙。
根据本发明的电动车辆用冷却系统通过使用风扇将空气吸入覆盖散热片的冷却管道内部而能够有效地冷却电气部件的散热片。
此外，当由风扇抽吸的空气从风扇壳的排气口流向排气管道的进气口时，除了电气部件的散热片以外的部分能够被如下地有效冷却：由形成在风扇壳的排气口和排气管道的进气口之间的间隙产生的负压将留在包含电气部件的箱体内部的热气体排到车辆外部。
由此，根据本发明的电动车辆用冷却系统能够提高对安装在箱体中电气部件的冷却性能而无需为箱体内部的通风而增加新的专用通风风扇。
附图说明
图1是包含电气部件的箱体的平面图(实施方式)；
图2是包含电气部件的箱体的仰视图(实施方式)；
图3A是沿着图1中的线A-A截取的截面图；图3B是沿着图3A中的箭头B观察的侧视图(实施方式)；
图4是风扇壳和排气管道的平面图(实施方式)；
图5是风扇壳和排气管道的立体图(实施方式)；
图6是示出排气管道的进气口与风扇壳的排气口的位置关系的主视图(实施方式)；
图7是示出风扇壳的排气口和排气管道的进气口之间的气压关系的说明图(实施方式)；
图8是形成于前地板与后地板之间的箱体的立体图(实施方式)；
图9是箱体的放大侧视图(实施方式)；
图10是示出冷却系统的气流的电动车辆的侧视图。
附图标记列表
1电动车辆
2车室
18冷却系统
19箱体
20进气口
21出气口
22电气部件
23散热片
24冷却管道
25进气口部
26出气口部
27风扇壳
28排气口
29风扇
30排气管道
31进气口
具体实施方式
现在，将参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。
实施方式
图1至图10示出了本发明的实施方式。图10示出了电动车辆1、车室2、前轮3以及后轮4。如图8和图9所示，电动车辆1包括：在前地板5的后端向上延伸的竖壁(vertical wall)6；以及在竖壁6的上端向后延伸的后地板7。另外，电动车辆1包括：座椅支撑部8，该座椅支撑部8具有倒U字形截面且沿着车辆宽度方向在前地板5的前部延伸；以及安装于座椅支撑部8上的前座椅9。
此外，电动车辆1包括：从竖壁6的上端平行于前地板5向前延伸的上地板10；以及从上地板10的前端向下延伸并且连接到前地板5的前壁11。而且，电动车辆1包括：前地板5的位于竖壁6与前壁11之间的后部12；在车辆宽度方向上位于后部12的两相反侧并且向上延伸到上地板10的右侧壁13和左侧壁14；布置于右侧壁13和左侧壁14之间的右侧分隔壁15和左侧分隔壁16；布置于上地板10的后座椅17。
电动车辆1包括箱体19，该箱体19由右侧壁13、右侧分隔壁15以及位于右侧壁13和右侧分隔壁15之间的竖壁6、上地板10、前壁11和后部12限定，并且箱体19形成冷却系统18的一部分。箱体19布置于车室2的下部的车辆宽度方向上的右侧。箱体19包括：位于前壁11的大致中央且面向车室2内侧的进气口20；以及位于右侧壁13的后侧并且面向车辆外部的出气口21。箱体19包括位于其内部的诸如高压电池、充电器以及DC/DC转换器等电气部件22。
如图3A和3B所示，电气部件22具有在其下侧的散热片23。电气部件22具有覆盖散热片(热辐射片)23的冷却管道24。如图1和图2所示，在冷却管道24中，进气口部25被布置成面对前壁11的进气口20，并且风扇壳27的吸气侧被联接到出气口部26。风扇壳27包括：面对箱体19的出气口21的排气口28；以及用于向内吸气的风扇29。箱体19的出气口21具有朝布置于箱体19的风扇壳27延伸的排气管道30。排气管道30具有面对风扇壳27的排气口28的进气口31。
如图4所示，在冷却系统18中，风扇壳27的排气口28面对排气管道30的进气口31，并且在空气流动方向上，在排气口28与进气口31之间留有预定间隙S1。此外，如图5和图6所示，在冷却系统18中，当风扇壳27的排气口28投影到包括排气管道30的进气口31的平面时，风扇壳27的排气口28向排气管道30的进气口31的内侧开口，并且在风扇壳27的排气口28和排气管道30的进气口31之间，在与空气流动交叉的方向上形成有预定间隙S2。因此，冷却系统18在风扇壳27的排气口28与排气管道30的进气口31之间形成包括间隙S1和间隙S2的预定空间32。
冷却系统18能够通过使用布置在联接到冷却管道24的风扇壳27中的风扇29，将空气吸入覆盖散热片23的冷却管道24内部并且经由排气管道30将空气排到车辆外部，来有效地冷却电气部件22的散热片23。
此外，由于如图7所示的形成于风扇壳27的排气口28与排气管道30的进气口31之间的预定空间32，当由风扇29吸入的空气从风扇壳27的排气口28流入到排气管道30的进气口31时，在冷却系统18中满足关系P1＞P2＞P3，其中，P1表示风扇壳27内部的压力，P2表示风扇壳27周围的压力，且P3表示排气管道30内部的压力。
由此，冷却系统18使用由形成于风扇壳27和排气管道30之间的间隙S1和S2产生的负压(压差)，将留在包含电气部件22的箱体19内部的热空气排到车室2的外部。因此，冷却系统18能够通过使车室2内部的空气经由进气口20进入箱体19而冷却除电气部件22的散热片23以外的部件。
因此，冷却系统18能够提高安装于箱体19中的电气部件22的冷却性能，而无需增加用于箱体19内部通风的新的专用通风风扇。
此外，传统冷却系统具有如下问题：当风扇壳27直接接合到排气管道30时，风扇壳与排气管道之间的接合部需要具有用于防止反冲(backlash)和空气泄漏的结构，由此，使接合结构复杂化。与此相反，冷却系统18具有形成在风扇壳27的排气口28和排气管道30的进气口31之间的间隙S1和S2，这简化了风扇壳27与排气管道30之间接合部的结构，这使得提高了可制造性并且降低了成本，这在组装方面是有利的。
此外，冷却系统18具有如下结构：由风扇29产生的冷却空气被排出到车室2的外部，由此，将车室2内部的空气引导到箱体19，接着将其排出到车室2的外部。由此，在安装于电动车辆1的电池充电期间，能够对车室2的内部进行通风。特别是在夏季，如果车窗关闭，在电动车辆1的充电期间，车室2内部的温度升高，但是冷却系统18能够缓解温度升高，由此，冷却系统18能够改进车室内部的通风性能。
根据本发明的用于电动车辆的冷却系统能够改进安装于箱体中的电气部件的冷却性能，并且能够用于冷却安装在箱体中的发热装置，该发热装置不仅可以安装在电动车辆中而且可以安装在搭载有内燃机的车辆。

Claims (4)

1.一种电动车辆用冷却系统，在该冷却系统中，包括进气口和出气口的箱体布置于车室的下部；具有散热片的电气部件布置于所述箱体中；冷却管道安装到所述电气部件以用于覆盖所述散热片；内部具有吸气用风扇的风扇壳被联接到所述冷却管道的出气口部，其特征在于，延伸到所述箱体的排气管道布置于所述箱体的出气口，所述风扇壳的排气口面对所述排气管道的进气口，在空气流动方向上在所述排气口与所述排气管道的进气口之间留有预定间隙；当所述风扇壳的排气口投影到包括所述排气管道的进气口的平面时，所述风扇壳的排气口在所述排气管道的进气口的内侧开口，并且在所述风扇壳的排气口和所述排气管道的进气口之间，在与空气流动交叉的方向上形成有预定间隙。
2.一种用于电动车辆中的电气部件的冷却方法，该电动车辆包括：箱体，其布置于车室的下部并且包括进气口和出气口；电气部件，其布置于所述箱体中并且具有散热片；冷却管道，其安装到所述电气部件并且覆盖所述散热片；以及风扇壳，其联接到所述冷却管道的出气口部并且在其中具有吸气用风扇，
其特征在于，延伸到所述箱体中的排气管道布置于所述箱体的出气口，所述风扇壳的排气口面对所述排气管道的进气口，形成在所述风扇壳的排气口和所述排气管道的进气口之间的预定空间被设定成使得：当由所述风扇抽吸的空气从所述风扇壳的排气口流入所述排气管道的进气口时，满足关系P1＞P2＞P3，其中，P1表示所述风扇壳内部的压力，P2表示所述风扇壳周围的压力，且P3表示所述排气管道内部的压力。
3.根据权利要求2所述的冷却方法，其特征在于，所述预定空间包括在空气流动方向上位于所述风扇壳的排气口与所述排气管道的进气口之间的预定间隙。
4.根据权利要求3所述的冷却方法，其特征在于，所述预定空间还包括在与空气流动交叉的方向上形成在所述风扇壳的排气口和所述排气管道的进气口之间的预定间隙。
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