CN102753375A - 混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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CN102753375A
CN102753375A CN2011800012520A CN201180001252A CN102753375A CN 102753375 A CN102753375 A CN 102753375A CN 2011800012520 A CN2011800012520 A CN 2011800012520A CN 201180001252 A CN201180001252 A CN 201180001252A CN 102753375 A CN102753375 A CN 102753375A
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motor vehicle
motor
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山崎正弘
林义正
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YGK Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
    • F02B41/10—Engines with prolonged expansion in exhaust turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0625—Fuel consumption, e.g. measured in fuel liters per 100 kms or miles per gallon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
    • F02D2250/24—Control of the engine output torque by using an external load, e.g. a generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供一种混合动力车辆。该混合动力车辆能够以发动机及马达为驱动源来行驶，具有被发动机的排气驱动而旋转的排气涡轮、通过被排气涡轮驱动而旋转来进行发电的发电机和向马达供给由发电机发出的电力的电力供给部。

Description

混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在混合动力车辆中回收发动机的排气能量的技术。
背景技术
由发动机及马达构成的混合动力系统能够分类为将发动机专用作发电而仅依靠马达的动力来行驶的串联型、同时使用发动机及马达的动力或仅靠一方的动力来行驶的并联型、以及组合这些串联型与并联型的串联并联型(混联(split)型)。在安装有这种混合动力系统的车辆中，在日本JP2000-225871A中记载有如下内容：通过在减速时或下坡时从车轮侧驱动电动发电机来将车辆的动能或势能转换为电能并进行回收，同时利用回收的电能在加速时辅助发动机，在低速行驶时仅靠马达的动力来行驶。
在如上所述的混合动力车辆中，所回收的电能的根源是发动机所做的功。即，所回收的能量是从发动机的纯功中获得的电能。
供给到发动机中的燃料所具有的热能中的、有效地用于动力的比例最高也只有30％～34％。另一方面，作为排气而散失的能量为热能(J)和作为压力P(Pa)与流量V(m3)之积PV(Nm＝J)的动能，该热能与动能合计也达到35％。另外，在冷却系统中散失的热量为20％～30％，从发动机表面辐射的比例为5％左右。
在此，当将排气的流量V设为每单位时间的流量(m3/s)时，压力与流量之积PV的单位成为J/s＝W。作为将该排气所具有的能量转换为功的方法，可考虑利用排气涡轮而作为旋转动力进行回收，并将该旋转动力经由齿轮传递到曲轴。
但是，由于排气涡轮与曲轴的转速差较大，因此降低排气涡轮的转速来进行传递的减速机构变得复杂，由于相应部分的摩擦力的增加等，动力的一部分被浪费掉。其结果，只能发挥3％左右的功率辅助效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于回收发动机的排气能量并提高总热效率。
根据本发明的某一技术方案，提供一种混合动力车辆，其能够以发动机及马达为驱动源来行驶，其中，该混合动力车辆具有：排气涡轮，其被发动机的排气驱动而旋转；发电机，其通过被排气涡轮驱动而旋转来进行发电；电力供给部，其用于向马达供给由发电机发出的电力。
采用上述技术方案，利用排气涡轮回收发动机的排气所具有的能量，将回收的能量转换为电力并驱动马达，因此能够与马达的驱动相应地使发动机的驱动力降低，能够提高作为车辆整体的总热效率。
附图说明
图1是表示本实施方式中的混合动力车辆的结构的概略结构图。
图2是表示在钟形罩内装入了马达的状态的剖视图。
图3是表示排气涡轮发电机的结构的剖视图。
图4是用于说明燃料消耗率提高的原理的发动机性能全图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。
图1是表示本实施方式中的混合动力车辆的结构的概略结构图。图2是表示图1中的从曲轴19到变速器11的结构的局部剖视图。本实施方式中的混合动力车辆按顺序配置有发动机1、马达13及变速器11并构成驱动力传递路径，能够依靠发动机1及马达13中的至少一方的驱动力来行驶。
在发动机1的曲轴19的后端设有飞轮15与离合器14。另外，当为安装有液力变矩器的车辆时，取代离合器14而设置驱动板与液力变矩器。而且，在离合器14的输出侧花键配合有主驱动轴12，发动机1的驱动力经由飞轮15及离合器14从主驱动轴12传递到变速器11。
马达13由固定在钟形罩18的内壁上的壳主体29、固定在壳主体29上的定子线圈23、配置在定子线圈23内周侧的能够旋转的转子24构成。在转子24的内周端，利用键、销或螺栓等牢固地结合有轮毂26。轮毂26借助在轴向两端设在轮毂26与壳主体29之间的轴承21、25保持为自由旋转，并且与主驱动轴12花键配合，马达13的驱动力从主驱动轴12向变速器11传递。
这样，发动机1的曲轴19与马达13配置在同一轴线上，以相同的旋转向变速器11传递来自发动机1及马达13的转矩。另外，在像滑行时那样从驱动轮侧向发动机1传递驱动力的状态下，使马达13作为发电机进行动作，能够回收车辆的动能。
本实施方式中的混合动力车辆除了上述结构以外，还具有用于回收发动机1的排气能量的排气涡轮6、用于降低排气涡轮6的转速并进行输出的减速器4、被减速器4的输出轴驱动而旋转的发电机2。图3是表示从图1中的排气涡轮6到发电机2的结构的局部剖视图。
发动机1的排气从排气歧管强劲地进入涡管40，驱动排气涡轮6并降低压力及温度，流入被设置在排气通路的中途且位于比排气涡轮6靠下游侧的催化剂7中。
排气涡轮6被排气驱动而旋转，该旋转经由联轴器5向减速器4传递。联轴器5是在内周切削形成有内花键或锯齿的圆筒形状，为了防止导热而由不锈钢等导热率低的材质构成。联轴器5能够在排气涡轮6与减速器4的旋转轴之间制作间隙，因此能够防止对支承该旋转轴的轴承38、44施加不需要的载荷。
减速器4具有由齿数不同的2个齿轮构成的2对齿轮组(42、35、33、43)，2级减速从排气涡轮6传递的旋转并进行输出。另外，减速器4的级数可以是1级，也可以是3级以上。排气涡轮6的转速有时也达到100,000rpm，因此利用减速器4使该旋转减速之后向发电机2传递。发电机2高速旋转时发电效率高，因此以比以往的发电机2高的速度(例如20,000rpm)进行驱动。
以往利用发动机1等驱动发电机2，此时发电机2的转速是比较低的旋转，高速驱动受到限制。与此相对，在本实施方式中，由于利用高速旋转的排气涡轮6来驱动发电机2旋转，因此能够容易地使发电机2的转速高速化。
当排气涡轮6的转速达到极限值(例如130,000rpm)以上时，排气涡轮6有可能破损。因此，检测由发电机2发出的交流电的频率，利用逆变器8增大电负荷，从而施加电制动，抑制排气涡轮6过旋转。由此，不需要像以往的涡轮发动机那样利用废气旁通减压阀(wastegate valve)来旁路排气，因此能够使系统简单化。
另外，利用从发动机1的滑油泵喷出的润滑油来进行联轴器5的润滑、冷却以及减速器4的润滑。由于减速器4不会达到高温，因此不需要特别进行冷却。因此，设置在减速器4的齿轮箱34的下部的回油口36配置在比齿轮箱34的下端稍微靠上方的位置。由此，通过利用齿轮35卷起被积存在齿轮箱34底部的油料，能够润滑减速器4内部的齿轮42、35、33、43及轴承44。
另一方面，本实施方式中的混合动力车辆除了上述结构以外，还具有电池9、逆变器8及控制器10。
电池9储备由发电机2发出的电力，并且向马达13供给电力。
逆变器8将由发电机2发出的电力转换为直流电并向电池9输送。另外，逆变器8能够电调整发电机2的负荷，通过增大发电负荷，能够抑制排气涡轮6的转速上升。
控制器10向马达13供给被储备在电池9中的电力，并且对致动器16发出与节气门17的开度信号相关的指令，该致动器16驱动用于调整发动机1的吸入空气量的节气门17。
由被排气涡轮6的旋转驱动的发电机2发出的电力被具有负荷调整功能的逆变器8转换为规定电压(例如200V)的直流电，储备到电池9中。储备在电池9中的电能经由控制器10供给到马达13，马达13驱动主驱动轴12。
通过如上所述那样使马达13产生驱动力，如果使驱动轮旋转所需的转矩恒定，则能够使发动机1产生的转矩减小马达13的转矩的相应部分，因此能够相应地抑制部分的燃料消耗。
另外，当加速时等需要较大的转矩时，能够利用马达13来辅助发动机1的驱动力，因此通过减小发动机1的排气量，使发动机1小型化，能够降低摩擦损失，同时确保相当于大排气量的输出。
另外，当电池9的SOC(蓄电状态)为规定量以上时，也可以构成为不经由电池9而直接向马达13供给由发电机2发出的电力。由此，不管充电、放电效率如何，都能够将从排气能量中回收的能量更有效地用作车辆的驱动力。
而且，控制器10在低速低负荷运转时等发动机1的燃料消耗率(热效率)差的运转范围中，为了提高燃料消耗率而增大发动机1的负荷。
在此，参照图4说明发动机1的燃料消耗率。图4是表示发动机1的转速或车速、轴转矩及燃料消耗率的关系的对应表。如图4所示，燃料消耗率在转速为产生发动机1的最大转矩的转速范围前后且在负荷大的状态A处达到最高，随着远离状态A，燃料消耗率恶化。
图4的虚线表示在平坦的路面行驶时所需的转矩。当将以转速n行驶所需的转矩设为Tb时，在作为n与Tb的交点的点B处，由于大大远离了状态A，因此燃料消耗率差。
因此，控制器10对致动器16发出增大节气门17的开度的指令，并且增大马达13的发电负荷。由此，能够使将转速保持为n的状态下使行驶所需的转矩向Tc增大，发动机1的运转状态成为点C的状态，因此燃料消耗率提高。
即，一边恒定地保持车速一边使发动机1以燃料消耗率高的高负荷运转，能够将行驶所需的功以上的能量转换为电能并预先储备到电池9中。通过增大马达13的发电量，发电、充电损失增大，但是如果由改善燃料消耗率带来的增益大于发电、充电损失，则能够改善燃料消耗率。而且，此时，由于从排气涡轮6回收的能量的量增大，因此作为系统整体的效率进一步提高。
如上所述，本实施方式中的混合动力车辆是将至此废弃的排气的动能转换为电能并作为驱动力使用的混合动力车辆，与像以往那样利用发电机2将发动机1的驱动力转换为电能的混合动力车辆以及将从驱动轮传递来的功(动能)转换为电能的混合动力车辆，在构思上完全不同。
另外，在本实施方式中的混合动力车辆中，能够追加这些像以往的混合动力系统那样利用马达13进行能量的回收的结构。在该情况下，只要将马达13用作能够力行(消耗电力来产生驱动力)/再生(被外力驱动而旋转来进行发电)的电动发电机即可。即，在滑行时马达13作为发电机2进行动作且电力如图1的虚线所示流动，储备到电池9中。
如上所示，在本实施方式中，利用排气涡轮6回收发动机1的排气所具有的能量，将回收的能量转换为电力并驱动马达13，因此能够与马达13驱动相应地使发动机1的驱动力降低马达，能够提高作为车辆整体的总热效率并改善燃料消耗率。
另外，暂时将由发电机2发出的电力预先储备到电池9中，当车辆的要求驱动力增大时，能够向马达13供给电力，因此能够高效地回收从发动机1排出的能量，能够提高总热效率。
而且，当排气涡轮6的转速超过上限转速时，增大发电机2的发电负荷，因此不使用废气旁通减压阀等就能够抑制排气涡轮6过旋转，能够使系统简单化。
而且，对通过增大发动机1的负荷能否提高发动机1的燃料消耗率进行判断，当判断为能够提高时，通过增大马达13的发电负荷来增大发动机1的负荷，因此使发动机1以燃料消耗率高的高负荷运转，能够将行驶所需的功以上的能量转换为电能并预先储备到电池9中。因此，能够提高车辆的总热效率。
而且，由于利用减速器4来降低排气涡轮6的转速并向发电机2传递，因此能够使发电机2以发电效率高的转速旋转。
而且，由于在排气涡轮6与减速器4之间设有联轴器5，因此能够防止排气涡轮6的热量向减速器4传递，并且能够吸收旋转轴的微小的错动，因此能够防止对轴承38、44施加过度的载荷。
以上，说明了本发明的实施方式，但是上述实施方式只不过是示出了本发明的应用例，并不是将本发明的保护范围限定于上述实施方式的具体结构的主旨。在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内能够进行各种变形。
本申请基于2010年12月14日向日本特许厅提交的特愿2010-277911号主张优先权，该申请的全部内容均通过参照编入到本说明书中。

Claims (7)

1.一种混合动力车辆，其能够以发动机及马达为驱动源来行驶，其中，该混合动力车辆具有：
排气涡轮，其被上述发动机的排气驱动而旋转；
发电机，其通过被上述排气涡轮驱动而旋转来进行发电；
电力供给部，其用于向上述马达供给由上述发电机发出的电力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
该混合动力车辆还具有储备由上述发电机发出的电力的电池，
上述电力供给部向上述马达供给被储备在上述电池中的电力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
该混合动力车辆还具有在上述排气涡轮的转速超过上限转速时增大上述发电机的发电负荷的发电负荷增大部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其中，该混合动力车辆还具有：
燃料消耗率判断部，其用于对通过增大上述发动机的负荷能否提高上述发动机的燃料消耗率进行判断；
发动机负荷增大部，其用于在判断为能够提高上述发动机的燃料消耗率时，通过增大上述马达的发电负荷来增大上述发动机的负荷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
该混合动力车辆还具有用于降低上述排气涡轮的转速并向上述发电机传递的减速器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
该混合动力车辆还具有设在上述排气涡轮与上述减速器之间的联轴器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
上述马达为能够力行及再生的电动发电机。
CN2011800012520A 2010-12-14 2011-06-27 混合动力车辆 Pending CN102753375A (zh)

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