CN102749935B - Method and device for tracking sun by solar panel - Google Patents
Method and device for tracking sun by solar panel Download PDFInfo
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- CN102749935B CN102749935B CN201210269901.1A CN201210269901A CN102749935B CN 102749935 B CN102749935 B CN 102749935B CN 201210269901 A CN201210269901 A CN 201210269901A CN 102749935 B CN102749935 B CN 102749935B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for tracking the sun by a solar panel. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) determining an optimal placing dip angle of a light intensity sensor used for testing, arraning the light intensity sensor on a test plate, rotating the light intensity sensor used for testing for 180 degrees in an east-west vertical plane or a south-north vertical plane by starting from the fact that the test plate is vertical to the ground plane on the test plate, recording a light intensity value and a corresponding angle value in the rotating process, making a difference between the light intensity values of adjacent items to obtain a point with the maximum difference value, taking the point as a jump point of the light intensity, taking an angle corresponding to the jump point as an optimal placing dip angle of the light intensity sensor used for testing, and according to the optimal placing dip angle, fixing the light intensity sensor used for testing; and 2) on the basis of the light intensity sensor used for testing, which is arranged on a surface plate, executing an automatic light following step, and regulating the dip angle of the surface plate to enable the surface plate to track the sun in real time. The method and the device for tracking the sun by the solar panel have the advantages of high precision and easiness in implementation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electronic information technical field, relate to a kind of method and apparatus of solar panel sun-tracing.
Background technology
The mankind have entered a new period to the exploitation of oil, coal from the past to the exploitation of natural energy resources, take the regenerative resources such as sun power, wind energy as main new forms of energy period.The developed country such as west, Japan is domestic universal at it by solar electrical energy generation, but fixing cell panel collects the efficiency of sun power and have much room for improvement, and therefore, invents a kind of efficient and firm solar panel light-chasing device imperative.
As everyone knows, present solar panel is to fix facing one direction mostly, so the utilization factor of sun power is lower.At present, also someone has designed solar tracking device, but design is complicated, and anti-interference is poor, and does not have strict science argument to prove its effect of following spot, so fail to obtain good popularizing.
Nowadays, the standard that solar panel becomes general residential quarter, parking lot ceiling, buildings facade is gradually equipped with, and is irradiated to the sun power number of solar panels on roof, according to multiform between the sun and solar panels, becomes the sine value size at the elevation angle and determines.In other words, only have the plane of solar panel over against the sun, can reach best solar energy collecting effect.According to test, learn, under the same terms, adopt the generated energy of solar-tracking equipment to improve 35% than the system not adopting, therefore, in sun power utilizes, be necessary to carry out solar tracking.
Yet traditional sun follower has some shortcomings:
1. because of the limit of functions of solar tracker, its installation environment is comparatively severe, need bear outdoor changeable temperature and wind and frost sleet, traditional light intensity sensor is comparatively simple, only possess sensor function, when temperature variation, measuring accuracy can change a lot.
2. the strategy of following spot of traditional solar tracker is comparatively simple, just provides by feel a drift angle or photosensitive sites, therefore, cannot reach the best effect of following spot.
3. traditional solar tracking device optical sensor used does not possess the linear relationship with intensity of illumination, and just approximate a kind of linear relationship, therefore, has a great impact measurement result.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method and apparatus of solar panel sun-tracing, and the method and apparatus of this solar panel sun-tracing precision of following spot is high, easy to implement.
The technical solution of invention is as follows:
A method for solar panel sun-tracing, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: determine the best placement angle of light intensity sensor for test:
To test with light intensity sensor according on test board, from test board perpendicular to ground level, in the perpendicular in east-west direction or north and south, rotate 180 degree, [sample frequency ought to be Chip Microcomputer A/D mouth sample frequency, yes, and The faster the better, but, also to consider the reading speed of the angle of angular transducer, these two data will match and read.Therefore, after considering, sample frequency is elected the accuracy limitations that 1 time/second rotational angle is subject to angular transducer as, and what the present invention adopted is the angular transducer of 1 degree, therefore, and each once rotation.(here, each rotational angle is only to increase, can not reduce, but consider precision, maximum surpasses 5 degree)] record light intensity value in rotation process and corresponding angle value, and the light intensity value of adjacency is done poor, draw a point of difference maximum, the transition point that this point is light intensity, it is the best placement angle of light intensity sensor for test that corresponding angle is put in transition; And according to this best placement angle fixing test light intensity sensor; As long as [place it in east-west direction, just can obtain the best angle of thing; Place it in North and South direction, just can detect north and south best angle.Therefore, as long as just make movable can.】
Step 2: the detection light intensity sensor based on being arranged on flat board, carry out automatic light tracking step, adjust dull and stereotyped inclination angle and make the dull and stereotyped real-time follow-up sun:
Detection comprises and is separately positioned on two groups of detection light intensity sensor Swest in light intensity sensor Seast and west for the detection in the east on flat board with light intensity sensor, the light intensity value that detection in the east detects with light intensity sensor Seast is Eeast, and the light intensity value that two groups of detections in west detect with light intensity sensor Swest is Ewest; If do not meet ε
1<Eeast-Ewest< ε
2, [during the operation of border, wanting to reach the effect of following spot of the best, not about 0 symmetry, is (0,35) this interval, i.e. (ε
1, ε
2) determine.] control dull and stereotypedly to the larger direction deflection of light intensity value in Eeas and Ewest, and detect in real time Eeast and Ewest, until ε
1<Eeast-Ewest< ε
2, wherein
1ε and ε
2, be default threshold value, now the inclination angle of dull and stereotyped corresponding east-west direction is the east-west direction inclination angle of the dull and stereotyped real-time follow-up sun.[threshold value, is to arrange according to the difference of location, need to when for the first time this device being installed, detect, thereby determine threshold value, and the difference of threshold value, can have influence on the precision of following spot]
Detection also comprises and is separately positioned on two groups of detection light intensity sensor Snorth on light intensity sensor Ssouth and the north for the detection in the south on flat board with light intensity sensor, the light intensity value that the detection in south detects with light intensity sensor Ssouth is Esouth, and the light intensity value that two groups of detections on the north detect with light intensity sensor Snorth is Enorth;
If do not meet ε
3<Esouth-Enorth< ε
4, control dull and stereotypedly to the larger direction deflection of light intensity value in Esouth and Enorth, and detect in real time Esouth and Enorth, until ε
3<Esouth-Enorth< ε
4, ε wherein
3and ε
4for default threshold value, now the inclination angle of dull and stereotyped corresponding North and South direction is the North and South direction inclination angle of the dull and stereotyped real-time follow-up sun.
Described detection all adopts the photocell detectors based on temperature compensation with light intensity sensor and test with light intensity sensor.
A device for solar panel sun-tracing based on preceding method, comprises flat board, test board, light intensity sensor, test light intensity sensor, angular transducer, controller and motor for detection;
Detect with light intensity sensor, test and all join with the signal input part of controller with light intensity sensor and angular transducer, motor is controlled by controller; Test is all arranged on test board with light intensity sensor and angular transducer; Dull and stereotyped east and west is respectively provided with a detecting sensor.
A device for solar panel sun-tracing, is characterized in that, comprises flat board, test board, light intensity sensor, test light intensity sensor, angular transducer, controller and motor for detection;
Detect with light intensity sensor, test and all join with the signal input part of controller with light intensity sensor and angular transducer, motor is controlled by controller; Test is all arranged on test board with light intensity sensor and angular transducer; Dull and stereotyped east and west is respectively provided with a detecting sensor;
In dull and stereotyped south and the north, be also respectively provided with a detecting sensor.
Each detecting sensor is arranged on a hang plate, and the end that stretch out the coboundary both sides of hang plate is arranged in arc-shaped slide rail.
Described detection all adopts the photocell detectors based on temperature compensation with light intensity sensor and test with light intensity sensor.
Being configured to of photocell detectors based on temperature compensation:
Comprise the first photoelectric cell, the second photoelectric cell, the first operational amplifier, the second operational amplifier and the 3rd operational amplifier, wherein the first photoelectric cell is operated in shading pattern; The second photoelectric cell is operated in not shading pattern; The first photoelectric cell output signal is sent into the positive input terminal of the 3rd operational amplifier after the first operational amplifier amplifies, the second photoelectric cell output signal is sent into the negative input end of the 3rd operational amplifier after the second operational amplifier amplifies, the 3rd operational amplifier is operated in the same way or reverse amplification mode, and the output terminal of the 3rd operational amplifier is the output terminal of the photocell detectors based on temperature compensation.
In the amplifying circuit based on the 3rd operational amplifier, at least one resistance that participates in amplification is adjustable resistance.[adjustable resistance, can reach the effect that regulates this detector sensitivity, thereby can adapt to the light intensity illuminate condition of different regions.】
Technical conceive of the present invention is described as follows:
One, with the light intensity detection circuit of temperature compensation function
At present, many for solar panel being designed with of module of following spot, but sunlight intensity sensing module is similar, the little electro-optical package group of most employing, by the plane of little electro-optical package group is aligned, the position of the whole solar panel in location is set solar day according to plane vertical direction, by single-chip microcomputer, read the current data that little electro-optical package group reads or be connected with sensor output terminal by the base stage of triode, according to the intensity of illumination sensing or size of current, for following spot, provide basis for estimation, for logical block, make decision, this module realizes simple, but be subject to weather and surrounding environment influence larger, and control strategy is simple and crude, the precision of following spot is difficult to guarantee.
So, want to reach the effect that solar panel is accurately followed spot, first to design a kind of efficient light intensity test device.
Sun light intensity sensor circuit sensor of the present invention adopts BPW34 photoelectric cell, and its short-circuit current becomes exact linear relationship with sunlight intensity, and the spectral range significant reaction to sunshine place.Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation of short-circuit current and sunlight intensity.And the photronic low price of BPW34, good economy performance.
In reality, the electric current that BPW34 photoelectric cell is produced by solar radiation is smaller, so the electric current that the present invention adopts I/V change-over circuit that sensor is produced changes into voltage, and then amplifies by OP07 amplifier.In addition, the illuminant module of considering solar light tracking system is to be placed under outdoor environment, temperature variation is larger, so the present invention designs a kind of difference channel, by adding the photoelectric cell into one piece of shading, making it sensitization result subtracts each other with first last photoelectric cell output, the fluctuation of the photoelectric cell short-circuit current that Yin Wendu can be caused is offset, and reaches the effect of temperature compensation, improves accuracy of detection.(will be described in detail below)
Because circuital current is smaller, be microampere order other, so, be subject to the impact of temperature larger.As shown in Figure 3, the temperature variant curve of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current (curve 1,2) is linearity to the temperature characteristics of silicon photocell, and open-circuit voltage increases and declines with temperature, on the contrary short-circuit current.
For photronic These characteristics, the present invention chooses the variation interference that difference channel is offset the photocurrent causing due to temperature.First, utilize the short characteristic of void of amplifier, making photoelectric cell is short circuit output, is connecting with hundred Europe level resistance, and current conversion is become to voltage and amplifies output; Get this two identical circuit and be connected to U2C and realize differentially, like this, the magnitude of voltage of output has just reflected the effect of intensity of illumination to photoelectric cell output current, thereby has offset the error causing in temperature.
In sum, light intensity detection circuit of the present invention has been introduced complete.The design can be linear the light intensity of reaction incident sunshine, weakened the impact of temperature variation on system accuracy, improved stability, and in economy, deviser also considers, has reached quite high cost performance.
Two, detect determining with light intensity sensor and vertical plane angle
Determine that the placement location detecting with light intensity sensor is extremely important.Native system has the sensor angle that is different from other schemes of following spot to determine method, and this method has science, and actual effect is remarkable.
By sensor, come the method for sun-tracing light to have a lot.By to the research of solar-tracking system documentation in the past, in conjunction with the feature of native system and the experiment condition in laboratory, by sensitization part, photoelectric cell, angled [angular range is that 0 degree is to 90 degree in the present invention, determining of concrete angle will be used light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector module for test] the surrounding that is distributed in solar panel, and rotate with solar panel simultaneously.By being adjusted to suitable angle [when " suitable angle " here refers to and can make solar radiation vertical irradiation, the angle that intensity of solar radiation that four detections are experienced with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector is identical (difference that is the opposite side intensity of illumination experienced of sensor fluctuates in very little scope), need to determine according to the different situations of different regions solar radiation.], while making solar radiation vertical irradiation, the intensity of solar radiation that four detections are experienced with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector is roughly the same, within the threshold range of setting in advance, [threshold value is to determine according to the actual conditions of different regions, but, only need to when this cover system is installed, adjust once, just not need again to adjust later.Through testing in Changsha, threshold range is (5 ,+35) interval, for overall measurement range, is (32767 ,+32767); In this interval fluctuation, can make solar panels over against the sun.】。When the angle of sunlight changes, four detections can change with the voltage of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector, the voltage that shows as in the shade is less, sunny slope larger, and two detections in opposite are greater than predefined threshold value with the voltage difference of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector.By value repeatedly and be averaging, can obtain the intensity of illumination mean difference of a certain moment north and south, east-west direction, [we are that to utilize opposite side sensor light intensity value to do poor, judge the position of current solar panels by difference size according to the stool and urine of this difference, can to determine now the roughly angle of the sun.Give an example: when the sun is in the east time, yet, solar panels deflection west, like this, sunshine utilization factor is not high, need to deflect into east over against the sun, now, system sensor is in the east because of the direction in face of the sun, so the light intensity sensing is fixed tentatively the virtual value into 2300(), the sensor in west is because be not in face of sunshine direction, so light intensity value is 200; So difference is 2300-200=2100; Be far longer than threshold value, system will be moved, make plank to mobile in the east, in process, the plank light intensity value in east is changing, equally, the plank light intensity value in west is also changing, and changes the difference that causes both the reducing of linearity, in being reduced to threshold range, system stop action, reach over against effect.So, for different solar incident angle degree and the light intensity value of east, two sensors in west, there is one-to-one relationship, by reading it, can roughly determine solar azimuth.], by adjusting the rotation of stepper motor, until turn to, make two detections of north and south, east-west direction use the voltage difference of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector generation in threshold range, explanation is now over against the sun.
The method in realization, detects the precision of following spot that has affected greatly whole system with the angles of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector.Detection is excessive with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and perpendicular angle, and relative two sensing plates change in voltage when sun irradiation angle changes is little, and the effect of following spot is bad; Detection is too small with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and perpendicular angle, and sensor near normal, experiences solar light irradiation ability and greatly weaken, and does not reach equally the effect of accurately following spot.And, in earth different geographical, be subject to the time of solar light irradiation, angle all different.Therefore, maximum difficult point is the angles of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector for four detections of determining of suiting measures to local conditions, and whole system can accurately be followed spot.The present invention designs a kind of science, easy regular inspection is really surveyed the method with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and perpendicular angle.
The present invention uses a stepper motor, an angular transducer, a light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector for test, and together with single-chip microcomputer, just can complete determining of best angle.Operational process is as follows:
When whole system starts, stepper motor drives test, and with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and angular transducer, (both connect firmly, rotate) simultaneously, from perpendicular to ground level, rotate 180 degree, with the light intensity value in the frequency record rotation process of sampling and corresponding angle value (90 ° ~+90 °), store in corresponding array, and the light intensity value of adjacency is done poor, draw a point of difference maximum, the transition point that this point is light intensity, its corresponding angle is the angle that light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and perpendicular are used in best detection, this angle can show in specific display module, the angle that operating personnel only need provide according to machine, regulate the angle (the present invention is equipped with accurate angle measurement equipment to every detection with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector) of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector for four detections, so far, just complete and determine light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and perpendicular angle for detection.
This programme adaptability is more intense, while installing in different regions, and only need be when assembling for the first time, operation selftest module, just four planks and vertical face angle can be adjusted to correct position (when shining upon, the difference of sampled value is in allowed band), just can forever assemble this device.
Three, detect the method for adjustment with light intensity sensor and perpendicular angle
By above-mentioned and function, native system has been determined and has been detected the optimum angle with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and perpendicular.
For convenience of regulating in practice corresponding angle, the present invention designs the method for adjustment of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and perpendicular angle for a kind of easy, accurate detection, be about to detect and be arranged in a rotating shaft with one side of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector, opposite side is made slide rail, make it at one 90, spend on adjustable quadrant track and slide, and can be arbitrarily angled fixing.So in practical operation, operating personnel only need, according to the angle of single-chip microcomputer output, regulate the angle of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector for corresponding detection.
Beneficial effect:
The method and apparatus of solar panel sun-tracing of the present invention, its device comprises testing battery light intensity sensor, detects with photoelectric cell light intensity sensor, stepper motor and driving, angular transducer, single-chip microcomputer and mounting bracket.Test, with being arranged on stepping motor rotating shaft after light intensity sensor and angular transducer hard link, detects and is arranged on photoreceptor fixed head with light intensity sensor is angled, by the running of Single-chip Controlling whole system.In the method process, described test is carried out full angle scanning with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector, and the angular transducer of arranging in pairs or groups, and determines the best angles detecting with photoelectric cell light intensity sensor plate, according to the difference of opposite side sensing data, carry out linearity following spot with dead band again.Meanwhile, consider that this device practical application location circumstances is severe, designed, designed temperature-compensation circuit in light intensity sensor, realizes the high-acruracy survey of sunlight intensity, thereby realize high precision, follows spot.The present invention is applied to solar light tracking system by the concept of temperature compensation; Meanwhile, propose a kind of definite light intensity sensor of science and the short-cut method of perpendicular angle, have advantages of that measuring accuracy is high, highly sensitive, anti-interference strong, scientific strong, can be applicable in the light tracing system of big or middle scale solar panel.
The present invention adopts and detects with photoelectric cell temperature compensation light intensity detector and test photoelectric cell temperature compensation light intensity detector, by the measure of temperature compensation, can as much as possible reduce temperature impact, improves accuracy of detection; In addition, in amplifying circuit, adopt adjustable resistance, can further strengthen of the present invention to different application occasion applicability.
Determine the best placement angle of light intensity sensor for test, then carry out automatic light tracking step, easy to implement, step is simply effective;
Can science, reach the effect of following spot firmly, accurately.And, the present invention have advantages of follow spot effective, equipment cost is low, volume is little.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram corresponding to the method for solar panel sun-tracing;
Fig. 2 is photoelectric cell short-circuit current and intensity of illumination family curve;
Fig. 3 is the relation curve of photoelectric cell short-circuit current and temperature variation;
Fig. 4 is light intensity sensor temperature-compensation circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is for detecting the hardware connection layout by light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and the optimum angle determining device of perpendicular;
Fig. 6 is for detecting the design sketch after installing with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and perpendicular included angle regulator;
Fig. 7 is parking lot steelframe schematic diagram;
Label declaration: 1-stepper motor, 2-photoelectric cell, 3-angular transducer, 4-operational amplifier.5-detects and uses light intensity detection module, and 6-shines upon plane, 7-angular adjustment slide rail, 8-parking stall.
Embodiment
Below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further details:
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, it is example that this cover system is installed on to a motor pool steelframe top to the process flow diagram of whole method, and actual operation effect of the present invention is described:
This parking lot is mainly kart service, and parking stall size is 2600mm * 5200mm, and vehicle passageway is wide is 5600mm.The high 3000mm of steel frame construction, the long 8600mm of unit grid, wide 8000mm, is shown in Fig. 7.Each three photovoltaic panel of unit cloth of following spot, total size is 1240mm * 2540mm, is called for short Tracker.Designing requirement central shaft is positive south-north direction, and the steel frame construction of lower floor may be subject to objective restriction and can not meet south-north direction, so the supporting construction of the light tracing system of design can be independent with next steelframe.For mutually blocking of each Tracker of avoiding, between Tracker, north and south spacing is 4300mm, thing spacing 2667mm.Even if turn over like this 60 ° or winter solar orbital plane, depart from 60 °, between Tracker, can mutually not block.
System adopts novel double-motor transmission to follow the tracks of, and in conjunction with photoelectric cell temperature compensation detector and position of sun algorithm, adopts 16 Freescale-mc9xs128 microprocessors, and the stepper motor of take is realized the design of solar energy intelligent light-chasing device as topworks.
When whole system starts, stepper motor drives light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and angular transducer (both hard links for test, rotate) simultaneously, from perpendicular to large ground level, clockwise rotate 180 degree, with Chip Microcomputer A/D mouth sample frequency, record light intensity value in rotation process and corresponding angle value (90 ° ~+90 °), store in corresponding array; And the light intensity value of adjacency is done poor, draw a point of difference maximum, the transition point that this point is light intensity, its corresponding angle is the angle that light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector and perpendicular are used in best detection, this angle can show in specific display module, the angle that operating personnel provide according to machine, regulates the angle of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector for four detections.So far, just completed the first step of following spot.
Then, photographic department is divided after angled this operation of the surrounding that is distributed in solar panel having completed, during solar radiation vertical irradiation, the intensity of solar radiation that four detections are experienced with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector is roughly the same, within the threshold range of setting in advance.When the angle of sunlight changes, four detections can change with the voltage of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector, the voltage that shows as in the shade is less, sunny slope larger, and two detections in opposite are greater than predefined threshold value with the voltage difference of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector.By value repeatedly and be averaging, can obtain the intensity of illumination mean difference of a certain moment north and south, east-west direction, according to the stool and urine of this difference, can determine the now roughly angle of the sun, adjust the rotation of gear train, until turn to, make two detections of north and south, east-west direction use the voltage difference of light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector generation in threshold range, explanation is now over against the sun.Because solar panel rotates with light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector with detection simultaneously, and keep acting in agreement, so, once detect, use light battery temperature compensation light intensity detector over against the sun, cell panel is also over against the sun.In reality, a set of light tracing system can be controlled the polylith cell panel in quite large region.
Applied solar energy simulation softward SAM, take typical meteorological year as standard is to the annual generating simulation of Typical Cities in China sun power, and relatively, obtain table 1 data:
Table 1100kW photovoltaic generating system double-axis tracking formula and fixed performance comparison
As shown in Table 1, double-axis tracking can improve 20-30% by photovoltaic power generation quantity.
In addition, because photovoltaic panel generation current hour can not be worked, therefore the fixed working time is generally 6-7 hour, and double-axis tracking can extend to the photovoltaic panel working time 8-9 hour, so application double-axis tracking formula solar power system has not only improved photovoltaic efficiency, also improved photovoltaic panel man-hour.
This light tracing system, it [is that east-west direction and North and South direction respectively have and make poor sensor that the two-dimensions of realizing horizontal and vertical direction is followed the trail of, when difference is greater than the threshold value of setting, just can drive corresponding linkage (this part non-the present invention consider), to the orientation that difference reduces is moved, now corresponding solar panels also can and then rotate, and reach the effect over against the sun.Two-dimensions, it is poor that all do in thing, north and south, and it is embodied in and can completes the tracking in a day, the sun being risen in east and drop in west, and also can complete the tracking that move in middle sun north and south throughout the year.], compared to widely used various dimensions system, being simple and easy to safeguard, cost reduces greatly, not only meets the tracking that sunlight East and West direction among a day is changed in function, also adapts to the seasonal variety of sun altitude, realizes comprehensive high efficiency of following spot.
Secondly, in the operational mode of Tracing Control system, adopt a minute meteorological operational mode.Fine day, motor every set time section operation once, is that photovoltaic panel is vertical with sunlight direction; Cloudy day, motor stalling.Compare all the period of time operational mode, when utilizing substantially photovoltaic panel resource, avoided the energy dissipation of motor lost motion, compare every square metre of generating efficiency of fixed type photovoltaic plate and improve 20% to 30%.
Test is with light intensity sensor when detecting, and detection per second once.Detecting data is (light intensity value, in real time angle)
For example: once in service, the similar one group of data in (2300 ,-90) (2500 ,-85) (3000 ,-75).[during these data, by photoelectric cell sensor, pass to the analog quantity digitizing of AD mouth, with voltage signal and light intensity are a kind of linear corresponding relation]
About best angle:
Take east-west direction as example: from-90 degree, starts to turn (from the east), best angle is exactly to above-mentioned (light intensity value, real-time angle) light intensity value in these group data, adjacent do poor, difference is now positive number, difference maximum, corresponding two groups of data, asking the mean value of these two groups of data corresponding angles, is the best angle of east sensor; In like manner, when pivotal plate turns over 0 degree, can continue to have turned ensuing 90 degree, now, it is poor that (light intensity value, in real time angle) the middle light intensity value adjacency detecting is done, and difference is negative value, getting in negative value minimum two, then ask the mean value of corresponding angle, is west best angle value.
For light intensity value, in actual motion, there is bigger difference at the fine and cloudy day.Complete the time of several seconds to tens seconds approximately of once following spot, depend on the position of initial time solar panels and the position of the sun at that time.But in actual motion, the difference of opposite side light intensity value is strict successively decreasing, and finally can fluctuate at threshold range.Meanwhile, solar panels are also roughly just facing to the sun.
Claims (9)
1. a method for solar panel sun-tracing, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: determine the best placement angle detecting with light intensity sensor:
To test with light intensity installation of sensors on test board, from test board perpendicular to ground level, in the perpendicular in east-west direction or north and south, rotate 180 degree, record light intensity value in rotation process and corresponding angle value, and the light intensity value of adjacency is done poor, draw a point of difference maximum, the transition point that this point is light intensity, it is the best placement angle detecting with light intensity sensor that corresponding angle is put in transition; And according to this best placement angle fixed test light intensity sensor;
Step 2: the detection light intensity sensor based on being arranged on flat board, carry out automatic light tracking step, adjust dull and stereotyped inclination angle and make the dull and stereotyped real-time follow-up sun:
Detection comprises and is separately positioned on the detection light intensity sensor Swest in light intensity sensor Seast and west for the detection in the east on flat board with light intensity sensor, the light intensity value that detection in the east detects with light intensity sensor Seast is Eeast, and the light intensity value that the detection in west detects with light intensity sensor Swest is Ewest;
If do not meet ε
1<Eeast-Ewest< ε
2, control dull and stereotypedly to the larger direction deflection of light intensity value in Eeas and Ewest, and detect in real time Eeast and Ewest, until ε
1<Eeast-Ewest< ε
2, wherein
1ε and ε
2, be default threshold value, now the inclination angle of dull and stereotyped corresponding east-west direction is the east-west direction inclination angle of the dull and stereotyped real-time follow-up sun.
2. the method for solar panel sun-tracing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, detection also comprises and is separately positioned on the detection light intensity sensor Snorth on light intensity sensor Ssouth and the north for the detection in the south on flat board with light intensity sensor, the light intensity value that the detection in south detects with light intensity sensor Ssouth is Esouth, and the light intensity value that the detection on the north detects with light intensity sensor Snorth is Enorth;
If do not meet ε
3<Esouth-Enorth< ε
4, control dull and stereotypedly to the larger direction deflection of light intensity value in Esouth and Enorth, and detect in real time Esouth and Enorth, until ε
3<Esouth-Enorth< ε
4, ε wherein
3and ε
4for default threshold value, now the inclination angle of dull and stereotyped corresponding North and South direction is the North and South direction inclination angle of the dull and stereotyped real-time follow-up sun.
3. the method for solar panel sun-tracing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described detection all adopts the photocell detectors based on temperature compensation with light intensity sensor and test with light intensity sensor.
4. the device of the solar panel sun-tracing of the method based on solar panel sun-tracing claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise flat board, test board, light intensity sensor, test light intensity sensor, angular transducer, controller and motor for detection;
Detect with light intensity sensor, test and all join with the signal input part of controller with light intensity sensor and angular transducer, motor is controlled by controller; Test is all arranged on test board with light intensity sensor and angular transducer; Dull and stereotyped east and west is respectively provided with a detection light intensity sensor.
5. the device of the solar panel sun-tracing of the method based on solar panel sun-tracing claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, comprise flat board, test board, light intensity sensor, test light intensity sensor, angular transducer, controller and motor for detection;
Detect with light intensity sensor, test and all join with the signal input part of controller with light intensity sensor and angular transducer, motor is controlled by controller; Test is all arranged on test board with light intensity sensor and angular transducer; Dull and stereotyped east and west is respectively provided with a detection light intensity sensor;
In dull and stereotyped south and the north, be also respectively provided with a detection light intensity sensor.
6. the device of solar panel sun-tracing according to claim 5, is characterized in that, each detects with light intensity sensor setting on a hang plate, and the end that stretch out the coboundary both sides of hang plate is arranged in arc-shaped slide rail.
7. according to the device of the solar panel sun-tracing described in claim 4-6 any one, it is characterized in that, described detection all adopts the photocell detectors based on temperature compensation with light intensity sensor and test with light intensity sensor.
8. the device of solar panel sun-tracing according to claim 7, is characterized in that, being configured to of the photocell detectors based on temperature compensation:
Comprise the first photoelectric cell, the second photoelectric cell, the first operational amplifier, the second operational amplifier and the 3rd operational amplifier, wherein the first photoelectric cell is operated in shading pattern; The second photoelectric cell is operated in not shading pattern; The first photoelectric cell output signal is sent into the positive input terminal of the 3rd operational amplifier after the first operational amplifier amplifies, the second photoelectric cell output signal is sent into the negative input end of the 3rd operational amplifier after the second operational amplifier amplifies, the 3rd operational amplifier is operated in the same way or reverse amplification mode, and the output terminal of the 3rd operational amplifier is the output terminal of the photocell detectors based on temperature compensation.
9. the device of solar panel sun-tracing according to claim 8, is characterized in that, in the amplifying circuit based on the 3rd operational amplifier, at least one resistance that participates in amplification is adjustable resistance.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103455046A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-12-18 | 南京工业职业技术学院 | Automatic tracking sunshade |
| CN103472857A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-25 | 天津市畅悦电子科技有限公司 | Sunlight three-dimensional photometric system |
| CN107179090B (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2024-01-26 | 天津滨海光热跟踪技术有限公司 | Inclination sensor precision testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN108508921A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-07 | 上海电机学院 | A kind of photovoltaic tracking device and its application method of the vehicles |
| CN111121666B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2021-07-16 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Angle determination method and electronic equipment |
| CN115133849B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-07-25 | 华能陇东能源有限责任公司 | Distributed photovoltaic power generation system |
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| CN2248853Y (en) * | 1996-09-16 | 1997-03-05 | 秦皇岛市新能源办公室 | Automatic sun facing control device |
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