CN202512442U

CN202512442U - Sun direction automatic tracking device for photovoltaic power generation

Info

Publication number: CN202512442U
Application number: CN2011205472655U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张建新; 万尤宝
Original assignee: Jiaxing University
Current assignee: Jiaxing University
Priority date: 2011-12-08
Filing date: 2011-12-08
Publication date: 2012-10-31
Anticipated expiration: 2021-12-08

Abstract

The utility model relates to a sun direction automatic tracking device for photovoltaic power generation, comprising a battery panel, a stepping motor, a fixing support, a positioning switch, a control box and three CdS photoresistances. A central shaft of the battery panel is fixed on the support. A photosensitive surface of the battery panel can rotate around a vertical central axis. The rotation range is 0-135 DEG. The photoresistance RL1 is arranged on the edge of the battery panel for determining day or night. The photoresistances RL2 and RL3 are mounted below the battery panel for detecting a sun deflection angle. Three photoresistances are respectively connected with a slide rheostat and two 5 k omega resistances to form Wheatstone bridges together. Output signals of a bridge arm are amplified by a differential amplifier and sent to a singlechip in the control box to be compared. When the difference of voltage signals output by the bridge arm is greater than 0.2 V, the singlechip controls the stepping motor to deflect a certain angle westwardly, so that the battery panel are directly faced the sun.

Description

The sun orientation automatic tracking device that is used for photovoltaic generation

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of sun orientation automatic tracking device that is used for photovoltaic generating system, specifically is the device that can adjust angle of solar cell panel according to position of sun, belongs to the solar energy power generating field.

Technical background

The generating efficiency of solar panel has much relations with it with respect to the angle of the sun.When the cell panel of solar electrical energy generation during by the sunshine direct projection, when promptly the light that sends of the light-sensitive surface of cell panel and the sun was vertical, its output power was maximum, and generating efficiency is the highest.When the sun squints, the angle that the cell panel of solar electrical energy generation and the angle of sunray can be when vertical, its generated energy will diminish, and along with this angle is more and more littler, generated energy is also more and more littler.

(patent No.: 200910038907.6) technical scheme of head it off is patent " solar energy photovoltaic generating automatic tracking system ": utilize the high sensitivity light probe to gather light signal adjustment motor angle, and cell panel can only rotate in 0 °～90 ° scopes; Similar therewith, utility model " the position of sun pick-up unit that the photovoltaic generating automatic tracking control system the is used " (patent No.: 201020529720.4) utilize 4 photovoltaic cells to detect position of sun.In fact, sun operation is slow, and change in optical signal is also very slow, adopts high sensitivity light probe or photovoltaic cell as optical sensor, causes unnecessary waste, causes the tracker cost to rise, and maintenance cost rises.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is, develops a kind of sun orientation automatic tracking device that is used for photovoltaic generation, and to solve in the prior art, solar panel mostly adopts fixed installation, the problem that generating efficiency is low.

The utility model solves the technical scheme that its technical matters adopted: develop a kind of sun orientation automatic tracking device that is used for photovoltaic generation; Comprise cell panel (3), stepper motor (4), fixed support (6), positioning switch (8), control box (1), photoresistance RL1 (2), photoresistance RL2 (7), photoresistance RL3 (5); It is characterized in that: cell panel (3) central shaft is fixed on the support (6); The light-sensitive surface of cell panel (3) can be around its vertical center axis rotation, and rotating range is 0 °～135 °.Cadmium sulfide (CdS) photoresistance that to adopt three models be GL5516 detects intensity variations as sensor, follows the tracks of the position of the sun.The dark resistance of CdS photoresistance is 100K Ω, and light resistance is 5～10K Ω.In three photoresistance, RL1 (2) is installed in the cell panel edge, and being used for judging is daytime or night.Two other photoresistance RL2 and RL3 are used to measure the deviation of cell panel and position of sun, and the priority of RL1 is higher than RL2 and RL3.Three photoresistance constitute resistance bridge with the resistance of slide rheostat, two 5K respectively jointly.

The resistance value of the slide rheostat of RL1 place brachium pontis transfers to 100K Ω, and the voltage difference at brachium pontis two ends is 0V during night.At the initial position of stepper motor towards east, a precision positioning switch is housed, when the voltage difference that detects the brachium pontis two ends when single-chip microcomputer is 0V,, explain that this is by becoming daytime night if positioning switch is on, cell panel will begin from the motion tracking sun; If positioning switch is off, explain that this is by becoming night daytime, stepper motor can automatically reset to the positioning switch place.When the voltage difference at brachium pontis two ends is not 0V, if positioning switch is on, explain at this moment to be in night that stepper motor does not rotate; If positioning switch is off, explain at this moment to be in daytime that cell panel is from the motion tracking sun.

RL2 and RL3 are installed in the solar cell below, and RL2 is in east, and RL3 is in the west.When cell panel over against the solar time, RL2 and RL3 are all hidden by cell panel; The difference of the voltage differential signal of the brachium pontis output that at this moment RL2 and RL3 are corresponding is less than 0.2V, and stepper motor does not move; When the sun during to west deflection certain angle, RL3 will expose under cell panel, directly exposes to the open air under the sun.The resistance of RL3 diminishes; The magnitude of voltage of corresponding brachium pontis output will increase, and the voltage signal of two brachium pontis output at this moment will be greater than 0.2V, pass through single-chip microcomputer relatively after; Single-chip microcomputer sends steering order rotates a certain angle stepper motor westwards, up to cell panel till the sun.

The beneficial effect of the utility model is, rise early morning every day, and cell panel is followed sun rotation from east to west, and rotating range is 0 °～135 °, and the post sunset cell panel automatically resets to the east reference position.Therefore, can improve the generating efficiency of photovoltaic generating system, have precision height, following range big, be easy to characteristics such as real-time control, cost is low, application value is preferably arranged.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further specified.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.

Fig. 2 is the resistance bridge that is made up of photoresistance RL1.

Fig. 3 is the device sketch of photoresistance RL2 and RL3 tracking position of sun, and Fig. 3 (a) expression RL2 and RL3 are all hidden by cell panel, and Fig. 3 (b) expression has only RL2 to be hidden by cell panel.

1. control boxs among the figure, 2. photoresistance RL1,3. cell panel, 4. stepper motor, 5. photoresistance RL3,6. fixed support, 7. photoresistance RL2,8. positioning switch.

Embodiment

In Fig. 1, the central shaft of cell panel (3) is fixed on the support (6), and cell panel (3) is ordered about and can be rotated around the central shaft east-west direction by stepper motor (4).RL1 (2) is installed in edge, solar cell west side, on the ground of cell panel (3) below, settles the quarter butt of a North and South direction, and RL2 (7) is placed in the quarter butt east side, and RL3 (5) is placed in the quarter butt west side.RL1 (2), RL2 (7), RL3 (5) constitute resistance bridge respectively, and voltage signal is sent into control box (1), and control box (1) constitutes control circuit by single-chip microcomputer.The output signal controling stepping motor (4) of control box (1) at the initial position of stepper motor (4) towards east, is equipped with a precision positioning switch (8).When stepper motor (4) was in the east initial position, positioning switch (8) was shown as on, and when stepper motor (4) left the east initial position, positioning switch (8) was shown as off.

In Fig. 2, resistance R 2 and the R3 of photoresistance RL1 and 100K Ω slide rheostat R1, two 5K Ω constitute resistance bridge jointly.Operational amplifier 741 constitutes differential amplifier with resistance R 4, R5, R6, and as the voltage prime amplifier, with the output signal amplification of brachium pontis, the single-chip microcomputer of sending in the control box (1) compares.

In Fig. 3 (a), cell panel is over against the sun, and RL2 and RL3 are all hidden by cell panel, be under the shade of cell panel, light intensity a little less than; In Fig. 3 (b), the sun westwards squints, and RL3 exposes under cell panel, directly exposes to the open air under the sun, and light intensity is very strong.And RL2 is still hidden by cell panel, light intensity very a little less than.

Claims

1. the sun orientation automatic tracking device that is used for photovoltaic generation; Comprise cell panel (3), stepper motor (4), fixed support (6), positioning switch (8), control box (1), photoresistance RL1 (2), photoresistance RL2 (7), photoresistance RL3 (5); It is characterized in that: cell panel (3) central shaft is fixed on the support (6); The light-sensitive surface of cell panel (3) can be around its vertical center axis rotation, and rotating range is 0 °～135 °.

2. the sun orientation automatic tracking device that is used for photovoltaic generation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cadmium sulfide (CdS) photoresistance that to adopt three models be GL5516 is as sensor.

3. the sun orientation automatic tracking device that is used for photovoltaic generation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: photoresistance RL1 (2) is installed in the cell panel edge, and being used for judging is daytime or night.

4. the sun orientation automatic tracking device that is used for photovoltaic generation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: photoresistance RL2 (7) and RL3 (5) are installed in the solar cell below; When cell panel over against the solar time; RL2 (7) and RL3 (5) are all hidden by cell panel, and when the sun during to west deflection certain angle, RL3 (5) will expose under cell panel.

5. the sun orientation automatic tracking device that is used for photovoltaic generation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: three photoresistance RL1 (2), RL2 (7), RL3 (5) constitute resistance bridge with the resistance of slide rheostat, two 5K Ω respectively jointly.

6. the sun orientation automatic tracking device that is used for photovoltaic generation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: stepper motor (4) is equipped with a precision positioning switch (1) towards the initial position in east.