CN101630930B - Automatic solar energy tracking device - Google Patents

Automatic solar energy tracking device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101630930B
CN101630930B CN2009101831961A CN200910183196A CN101630930B CN 101630930 B CN101630930 B CN 101630930B CN 2009101831961 A CN2009101831961 A CN 2009101831961A CN 200910183196 A CN200910183196 A CN 200910183196A CN 101630930 B CN101630930 B CN 101630930B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
azimuth
solar
fixed
wheel
channel
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2009101831961A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101630930A (en
Inventor
高华平
吕全亚
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Changzhou Giantion Optoelectronics Industry Development Co Ltd
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Changzhou Giantion Optoelectronics Industry Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN2009101831961A priority Critical patent/CN101630930B/en
Publication of CN101630930A publication Critical patent/CN101630930A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic solar energy tracking device comprising a base, a solar battery receiver, an azimuth angle rotating assembly, a height angle rotating assembly and a solar energy tracking sensor. The azimuth angle rotating assembly comprises an azimuth angle rotating bracket which is movably connected with an azimuth transmission motor through an azimuth angle rotating vertical shaft and a worm-wheel and worm-rod transmission pair. The height angle rotating assembly comprises a height angle rotating transverse shaft and a pin tooth lead rail which are fixed on the dark side of a solar battery plate bracket. A pin tooth gear mounted on an azimuth angle rotating bracket wing plate is in rolling connection with a pin tooth chain in the pin tooth lead rail, and an axle of the pin tooth gear is movably connected with an output shaft of a height angle rotating motor. The solar energy tracking sensor is arranged on the sunny slope of a solar battery plate and can automatically control the azimuth angle transmission motor and the height angle rotating motor in detection so as to ensure that the solar battery plate can keep an optimum light-receiving angle with the sun all the time. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and high tracking precision.

Description

Automatic solar energy tracking device
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of solar, relate to a kind of ability and constantly keep best light angle, have automatic solar energy tracking device from the motion tracking solar azimuth with the sun.
Background technology
Development along with the Application of Solar Energy technology; The generating efficiency of photovoltaic generation more and more receives people's attention; How to improve the solar power generation ability; Mainly contain two approach, the one, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of raising solar cell receiver, the 2nd, make solar panel aim at the sun all the time through automatic tracking technique.Research shows that the generating capacity of solar panel is directly proportional with the light intensity that it is received, and when sunlight intensity and one timing of solar panel area, generating capacity was the strongest when solar panel was vertical with incident sunlight.The solar panel of existing photovoltaic power generation apparatus is towards fixing, and the luminous energy that has only time-division at noon sensitive surface to collect in one day is maximum, most effective.Because sun irradiation angle in 1 year 365 days, is all changing constantly, if cell panel can not be followed the variation that shines upon the position and changed, has then lost a large amount of solar energy, has reduced the generating efficiency of solar panel everyday.Though disclose multiple automatic solar energy tracking device at present, rotating solar panel device provisioning is also arranged in the society, the overwhelming majority is to have transmeridional azimuth following function, does not have desirable elevation angle tracking mode; Disclosed solar energy tracking technology has with longitude and latitude and calculates the Single-chip Controlling mode on the basis, and China is vast in territory, and this tracking mode will be installed the area by solar panel and changed and change, and be difficult to carry out unified market in China and promote.Therefore, in today that solar power generation is extensively popularized, that urgent need will provide is a kind of simple in structure, easy to use, can constantly keep best light angle with the sun, has the automatic solar energy tracking device from motion tracking sun function.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple in structurely, tracking accuracy is high, can constantly keep best light angle with the sun, has the automatic solar energy tracking device from the motion tracking solar azimuth.
In order to achieve the above object; Technical scheme of the present invention is; A kind of automatic solar energy tracking device; Comprise base, solar cell receiver, azimuth runner assembly, elevation angle runner assembly and solar energy tracking transducer, solar cell receiver comprises solar panel and solar-cell panel support, and solar panel is fixed on the solar-cell panel support; It is characterized in that:
Said azimuth runner assembly comprises azimuth swinging mounting, azimuth rotating vertical shaft, has the worm and gear transmission and the azimuth driving motor of auto-lock function; Said azimuth swinging mounting base plate is fixedly connected with axle sleeve; And axle sleeve is connected with azimuth rotating vertical shaft key; The azimuth rotating vertical shaft is rotationally connected through bearing and base, and is connected with the output shaft of azimuth driving motor on being fixed on base through the worm and gear transmission;
Said elevation angle runner assembly comprises elevation angle rotation transverse axis, pin tooth guide rail, pin tooth toothed chain, pin gear and elevation angle driving motor; Elevation angle is rotated transverse axis and is fixed on the opaco of solar-cell panel support, and two ends are connected with two arm top bearings of azimuth swinging mounting; In the pin tooth guide rail pin tooth toothed chain is housed, pin tooth guide rail two ends are fixed on the upper and lower both sides of solar-cell panel support; Said pin gear is installed on the horizontal wing plate at swinging mounting middle part, azimuth; And be connected with the rolling of pin tooth toothed chain; Wheel shaft and the elevation angle of pin gear are rotated transverse axis, and the wheel shaft of selling gear is connected with the output shaft of elevation angle driving motor on being fixed on horizontal wing plate;
Said solar energy tracking transducer is fixed on the sunny slope of solar-cell panel support; The solar energy tracking transducer comprises cylindrical shell and is arranged on channel partition, cross partitions, diaphragm plate and the sensor circuit board in the cylindrical shell; Said cylindrical shell is an open upper end; The lower end has the housing of bottom; In the inner chamber of cylindrical shell, be equipped with a diaphragm plate, channel partition and cross partitions are contained in the diaphragm plate top, and diaphragm plate top cavity is divided into horizontal channel and vertical channel by channel partition; The horizontal channel and the vertical channel infall that are positioned at the cylindrical shell center are cut off by cross partitions again fully, and diaphragm plate top cavity forms right channel, left channel, upper channel and following wing passage; Right photo resistance RT1 is fixed on the diaphragm plate in the right channel; Photo resistance RT3 in a left side is fixed on the diaphragm plate in the left channel; Go up photosensitive resistance R T2 and be fixed on the diaphragm plate in the upper channel, following photo resistance RT4 is fixed on down on the diaphragm plate in the wing passage; Sensor circuit board is contained in the diaphragm plate below, and right photo resistance RT1, left photo resistance RT3, last photosensitive resistance R T2 and following photo resistance RT4 all are electrically connected with sensor circuit board.
Be equipped with two elevation angle limit switches on the said pin tooth guide rail; On the base of swinging mounting junction, azimuth, be equipped with two azimuth limit switches.
The bearing that said azimuth rotating vertical shaft is connected with base has at least one to be plane bearing.
Cleaner also is installed on the said solar-cell panel support, and cleaner comprises a pair of rolling wheel guide rails, a pair of guide wheel guide rail, cleaning roller, roller, guide wheel group and motor; Rolling wheel guide rails and guide wheel guide rail are installed in the upper and lower both sides of solar panel respectively; Said guide wheel group comprises driving wheel and directive wheel, and key is connected with the driving wheel of roller and guide wheel group on the roll shaft of cleaning roller, and roller rolls with rolling wheel guide rails and is connected; The driving wheel of guide wheel group all rolls with the guide wheel guide rail with directive wheel and is connected; And be clamped in the both sides of guide wheel guide rail, the wheel shaft of directive wheel and connecting plate load, motor is fixed on the connecting plate; The roll shaft two ends of cleaning roller respectively with the connecting plate load, and roll shaft one end and the output shaft of motor of cleaning roller are in transmission connection; The clearer of said cleaning roller is connected through bearing with roll shaft, and the cleaning wiper is fixed on the clearer.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages; The one, the azimuth of this automatic solar energy tracking device is followed the tracks of and has been adopted the worm and gear transmission with self-marketing function, and its elevation angle is followed the tracks of and adopted the transmission of pin tooth toothed chain, and is simple in structure, and can bear big transmission load; The 2nd, left and right, upper and lower four photo resistance of this device place in the cylindrical shell with dividing plate, can search out best design size through test, make automatic solar energy tracking device constantly keep best light angle with the sun, improve the solar energy tracking precision; The 3rd, this device is controlled self driving motor when detecting voluntarily, need not to increase other control appliance, kill two birds with one stone, and be the automatic solar energy tracking device that has from the motion tracking solar azimuth.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional schematic of embodiments of the invention:
Fig. 2 is that sketch map is looked on the left side of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is that sketch map is looked on the right side of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the schematic perspective view of azimuth swinging mounting 3-1;
Fig. 5 is the schematic perspective view of the structure of solar energy tracking transducer 5;
Fig. 6 is the schematic top plan view of solar energy tracking transducer 5;
Fig. 7 is solar energy tracking transducer 5 cross-sectional schematic;
Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional schematic of cleaner 6;
Embodiment
The embodiment that provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing does explanation in further detail to the present invention.
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3; A kind of automatic solar energy tracking device; Comprise base 1, solar cell receiver 2, azimuth runner assembly 3, elevation angle runner assembly 4 and solar energy tracking transducer 5; Solar cell receiver 2 comprises solar panel 2-1 and solar-cell panel support 2-2, and solar panel 2-1 is fixed on the solar-cell panel support 2-2;
Said azimuth runner assembly 3 comprises azimuth swinging mounting 3-1, azimuth rotating vertical shaft 3-2, the worm and gear transmission 3-3 with auto-lock function and azimuth driving motor 3-4; Said azimuth swinging mounting 3-1 base plate 3-1-2 is fixedly connected with axle sleeve 3-5; And axle sleeve 3-5 is connected with azimuth rotating vertical shaft 3-2 key; Azimuth rotating vertical shaft 3-2 is rotationally connected through bearing 1-2 and base 1, and is connected with the output shaft of azimuth driving motor 3-4 on being fixed on base 1 through worm and gear transmission 3-3;
Said elevation angle runner assembly 4 comprises elevation angle rotation transverse axis 4-1, pin tooth guide rail 4-2, pin tooth toothed chain 4-2-1, pin gear 4-3 and elevation angle driving motor 4-4; Elevation angle is rotated transverse axis 4-1 and is fixed on the opaco of solar-cell panel support 2-2, and two ends are connected with the two arm 3-1-1 top bearings of azimuth swinging mounting 3-1; In the pin tooth guide rail 4-2 pin tooth toothed chain 4-2-1 is housed, pin tooth guide rail two ends are fixed on the upper and lower both sides of solar-cell panel support 2-2; Said pin gear 4-3 is installed on the horizontal wing plate 3-1-3 at azimuth swinging mounting 3-1 middle part; And be connected with pin tooth toothed chain 4-2-1 rolling; It is parallel that the wheel shaft of pin gear 4-3 and elevation angle are rotated transverse axis 4-1, and the wheel shaft of selling gear 4-3 is connected with the output shaft of elevation angle driving motor 4-4 on being fixed on horizontal wing plate 3-1-3;
Said solar energy tracking transducer 5 is fixed on the solar-cell panel support 2-2 sunny slope.
The bearing 1-2 that said azimuth rotating vertical shaft 3-2 is connected with base 1 has at least one to be plane bearing.
Be equipped with two elevation angle limit switch 4-2-2 on the pin tooth guide rail 4-2 among Fig. 1; On the base 1 of swinging mounting 3-1 junction, azimuth, be equipped with two azimuth limit switch 1-1.
Fig. 4 is an azimuth swinging mounting 3-1 schematic perspective view; Said azimuth swinging mounting 3-1 is a U-shaped support, and the base plate 3-1-2 of U-shaped support 3-1 combines the back to be connected with azimuth rotating vertical shaft 3-2 key with axle sleeve 3-5; On the level board 3-1-3 of azimuth swinging mounting 2-2 middle part one wing, pin gear 4-3 and elevation angle driving motor 4-4 are installed, the wheel shaft of selling gear 4-3 is connected with the output shaft of elevation angle driving motor 4-4 on being fixed on level board 3-1-3.
Like Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 7; Solar energy tracking transducer 5 comprises cylindrical shell 5-1 and is arranged on channel partition 5-2, cross partitions 5-3, diaphragm plate 5-5 and the sensor circuit board 5-4 in the cylindrical shell 5-1; Said cylindrical shell 5-1 is an open upper end; The lower end has the housing of bottom 5-8; In the inner chamber of cylindrical shell 5-1, be equipped with a diaphragm plate 5-5, channel partition 5-2 and cross partitions 5-3 are contained in diaphragm plate 5-5 top, and diaphragm plate 5-5 top cavity is divided into horizontal channel 5-9 and vertical channel 5-10 by channel partition 5-2; The horizontal channel 5-9 and the vertical channel 5-10 infall that are positioned at cylindrical shell 5-1 center are cut off by cross partitions 5-3 again fully, and diaphragm plate 5-5 top cavity forms right channel 5-9-1, left channel 5-9-2, upper channel 5-10-1 and following wing passage 5-10-2; Right photo resistance RT1 is fixed on the diaphragm plate 5-5 in the right channel 5-9-1; Photo resistance RT3 in a left side is fixed on the diaphragm plate 5-5 in the left channel 5-9-2; Go up photosensitive resistance R T2 and be fixed on the diaphragm plate 5-5 in the upper channel 5-10-1, following photo resistance RT4 is fixed on down on the diaphragm plate 5-5 in the wing passage 5-10-2; Sensor circuit board 5-4 is contained in diaphragm plate 5-5 below, and right photo resistance RT1, left photo resistance RT3, last photosensitive resistance R T2 and following photo resistance RT4 all are electrically connected with sensor circuit board 5-4.
Like Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 8, said solar-cell panel support 2-2 left side also is equipped with cleaner 6, and cleaner 6 comprises a pair of rolling wheel guide rails 2-3, a pair of guide wheel guide rail 2-4, cleaning roller 6-1, roller 6-2, guide wheel group 6-3 and motor 6-4; Rolling wheel guide rails 2-3 and guide wheel guide rail 2-4 are installed in the upper and lower both sides of solar panel respectively; Said guide wheel group 6-3 comprises driving wheel 6-3-1 and directive wheel 6-3-2; The roll shaft 6-1-1 of cleaning roller 6-1 goes up the driving wheel 6-3-1 that key is connected with roller 6-2 and guide wheel group 6-3; Roller 6-2 rolls with rolling wheel guide rails 2-3 and is connected, and the driving wheel 6-3-1 of guide wheel group 6-3 all rolls with guide wheel guide rail 2-4 with directive wheel 6-3-2 and is connected, and is clamped in the both sides of guide wheel guide rail 2-4; The wheel shaft of directive wheel 6-3-2 and connecting plate 6-3-3 load; Motor 6-5 is fixed on the connecting plate 6-3-3, the roll shaft 6-1-1 two ends of cleaning roller 6-1 respectively with connecting plate 6-3-3 load, and roll shaft 6-1-1 one end of cleaning roller 6-1 and the output shaft of motor 6-4 are in transmission connection; The clearer 6-1-2 of said cleaning roller 6-1 is connected through bearing with roll shaft 6-1-1, and cleaning wiper 6-1-3 is fixed on the clearer 6-1-2.
Operation principle and process that automatic solar energy tracking device is followed the tracks of solar irradiation are following: the time-division in early morning, the sun comes up in the east or at dusk the time-division sun fall from the west, right, left photo resistance RT1, RT3 are different because of the coverage extent of cylindrical shell perisporium, the intensity that obtains solar irradiation is difference also; Can produce a potential difference between right, left photo resistance RT1, RT3; This potential difference is exported a position of sun signal after sensor circuit relatively amplifies, order about azimuth driving motor 3-4 azimuth direction sunward and rotate; Face the solar azimuth direction until solar panel 2-1; This moment, right side, left photo resistance RT1, RT3 obtained solar irradiation intensity when identical, this potential difference disappearance, and command signal also disappears; Azimuth driving motor 3-4 stops operating, and the solar irradiation that obtains of solar panel 2-1 is maximum this moment.
In like manner, time-division in the early morning sun rise from the horizon or time-division at the noon sun when the outage photograph, upper and lower photo resistance RT2, RT4 are different because of the coverage extent of cylindrical shell perisporium; The intensity that obtains solar irradiation is also different, can produce a potential difference between upper and lower photo resistance RT2, RT4, and this potential difference is after sensor circuit relatively amplifies; Export a position of sun signal; Order about elevation angle driving motor 4-4 short transverse sunward and rotate, face the altitude of the sun direction until solar panel 2-1, this moment, upper and lower photo resistance RT2, RT4 obtained solar irradiation intensity when identical; This potential difference disappears; Command signal also disappears, and elevation angle driving motor 4-4 stops operating, and the solar irradiation that obtains of solar panel 2-1 is also maximum this moment.
The sun is in the time; The azimuth and the elevation angle of the earth change constantly relatively; The potential difference numerical values recited that right, left photo resistance RT1, RT3 and upper and lower photo resistance RT2, RT4 are produced also changes thereupon; They will constantly export the position signalling of solar azimuth and altitude of the sun, thereby order about the rotated position that azimuth driving motor 3-4 and elevation angle driving motor 4-4 are following the tracks of the sun simultaneously, make solar panel 2-1 keep best light angle with the sun all the time.

Claims (4)

1. automatic solar energy tracking device; Comprise base (1), solar cell receiver (2), azimuth runner assembly (3), elevation angle runner assembly (4) and solar energy tracking transducer (5); Solar cell receiver (2) comprises solar panel (2-1) and solar-cell panel support (2-2), and solar panel (2-1) is fixed on the solar-cell panel support (2-2); It is characterized in that:
Said azimuth runner assembly (3) comprises azimuth swinging mounting (3-1), azimuth rotating vertical shaft (3-2), has the worm and gear transmission (3-3) and the azimuth driving motor (3-4) of auto-lock function; Said azimuth swinging mounting (3-1) base plate (3-1-2) is fixedly connected with axle sleeve (3-5); And axle sleeve (3-5) is connected with azimuth rotating vertical shaft (3-2) key; Azimuth rotating vertical shaft (3-2) is rotationally connected through bearing (1-2) and base (1), and is connected with the output shaft of azimuth driving motor (3-4) on being fixed on base (1) through worm and gear transmission (3-3);
Said elevation angle runner assembly (4) comprises elevation angle rotation transverse axis (4-1), pin tooth guide rail (4-2), pin tooth toothed chain (4-2-1), pin gear (4-3) and elevation angle driving motor (4-4); Elevation angle is rotated transverse axis (4-1) and is fixed on the opaco of solar-cell panel support (2-2), and two ends are connected with two arms (3-1-1) the top bearing of azimuth swinging mounting (3-1); In the pin tooth guide rail (4-2) pin tooth toothed chain (4-2-1) is housed, pin tooth guide rail (4-2) two ends are fixed on the upper and lower both sides of solar-cell panel support (2-2); Said pin gear (4-3) is installed on the horizontal wing plate (3-1-3) at azimuth swinging mounting (3-1) middle part; And be connected with pin tooth toothed chain (4-2-1) rolling; It is parallel that wheel shaft and the elevation angle of pin gear (4-3) rotated transverse axis (4-1), and the wheel shaft of selling gear (4-3) is connected with the output shaft of elevation angle driving motor (4-4) on being fixed on horizontal wing plate (3-1-3);
Said solar energy tracking transducer (5) is fixed on the sunny slope of solar-cell panel support (2-2); Solar energy tracking transducer (5) comprises cylindrical shell (5-1) and is arranged on channel partition (5-2), cross partitions (5-3), diaphragm plate (5-5) and the sensor circuit board (5-4) in the cylindrical shell (5-1); Said cylindrical shell (5-1) is an open upper end; The lower end has the housing of bottom (5-8); In the inner chamber of cylindrical shell (5-1), be equipped with a diaphragm plate (5-5); Channel partition (5-2) and cross partitions (5-3) are contained in diaphragm plate (5-5) top; Diaphragm plate (5-5) top cavity is divided into horizontal channel (5-9) and vertical channel (5-10) by channel partition (5-2), and the horizontal channel (5-9) and vertical channel (5-10) infall that are positioned at cylindrical shell (5-1) center are cut off by cross partitions (5-3) again fully, and diaphragm plate (5-5) top cavity forms right channel (5-9-1), left channel (5-9-2), upper channel (5-10-1) and following wing passage (5-10-2); Right photo resistance (RT1) is fixed on the diaphragm plate (5-5) in the right channel (5-9-1); Left side photo resistance (RT3) is fixed on the diaphragm plate (5-5) in the left channel (5-9-2); Last photo resistance (RT2) is fixed on the diaphragm plate (5-5) in the upper channel (5-10-1), and following photo resistance (RT4) is fixed on down on the diaphragm plate (5-5) in the wing passage (5-10-2); Sensor circuit board (5-4) is contained in diaphragm plate (5-5) below, and right photo resistance (RT1), left photo resistance (RT3), last photo resistance (RT2) and following photo resistance (RT4) all are electrically connected with sensor circuit board (5-4).
2. automatic solar energy tracking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be equipped with two elevation angle limit switches (4-2-2) on the said pin tooth guide rail (4-2); On the base (1) of azimuth swinging mounting (3-1) junction, be equipped with two azimuth limit switches (1-1).
3. automatic solar energy tracking device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the bearing (1-2) that said azimuth rotating vertical shaft (3-2) is connected with base (1) has at least one to be plane bearing.
4. automatic solar energy tracking device according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: cleaner (6) also is installed on the said solar-cell panel support (2-2); Cleaner (6) comprises a pair of rolling wheel guide rails (2-3), a pair of guide wheel guide rail (2-4), cleaning roller (6-1), roller (6-2), guide wheel group (6-3) and motor (6-4); Rolling wheel guide rails (2-3) and guide wheel guide rail (2-4) are installed in the upper and lower both sides of solar panel respectively; Said guide wheel group (6-3) comprises driving wheel (6-3-1) and directive wheel (6-3-2); The roll shaft (6-1-1) of cleaning roller (6-1) is gone up the driving wheel (6-3-1) that key is connected with roller (6-2) and guide wheel group (6-3); Roller (6-2) rolls with rolling wheel guide rails (2-3) and is connected, and the driving wheel (6-3-1) of guide wheel group (6-3) all rolls with guide wheel guide rail (2-4) with directive wheel (6-3-2) and is connected, and is clamped in the both sides of guide wheel guide rail (2-4); The wheel shaft of directive wheel (6-3-2) and connecting plate (6-3-3) load; Motor (6-4) is fixed on the connecting plate (6-3-3), roll shaft (6-1-1) two ends of cleaning roller (6-1) respectively with connecting plate (6-3-3) load, and roll shaft (6-1-1) end and the output shaft of motor (6-4) of cleaning roller (6-1) are in transmission connection; The clearer (6-1-2) of said cleaning roller (6-1) is connected through bearing with roll shaft (6-1-1), and cleaning wiper (6-1-3) is fixed on the clearer (6-1-2).
CN2009101831961A 2009-08-11 2009-08-11 Automatic solar energy tracking device Expired - Fee Related CN101630930B (en)

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