CN204536919U - For day of photovoltaic system to pick-up unit - Google Patents
For day of photovoltaic system to pick-up unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN204536919U CN204536919U CN201520176846.0U CN201520176846U CN204536919U CN 204536919 U CN204536919 U CN 204536919U CN 201520176846 U CN201520176846 U CN 201520176846U CN 204536919 U CN204536919 U CN 204536919U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to technical field of solar, is specifically related to a kind of day for photovoltaic system to pick-up unit.For day of photovoltaic system to a pick-up unit, comprise photosensitive device, processor, clock chip, testing circuit and treatment circuit.Photosensitive device of the present utility model uses multiple photoresistance, adds the sensitivity of sunshine detection and the precision of cell panel adjustment.System adds clock chip, can calculate the general orientation of the sun, and adjust photosensitive device according to current time, and avoid because photosensitive device is contrary with sunray direction, photosensitive device cannot receive sunray and cause the problem that cannot follow the tracks of.When entering into night according to Time Calculation, photosensitive device automatic rotary can be risen orientation to the sun, and make system hibernates reach energy-saving effect.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to technical field of solar, is specifically related to a kind of position of sun pick-up unit of photovoltaic system.
Background technology
Sun power is a kind of clean energy resource, receiving sunshine utilizing solar panel carries out in the photovoltaic system generated electricity, the sun power photographic plate installation position of original solar attachment is fixed, due to earth rotation, sunray is different at the incident angle not in the same time for sun power photographic plate, and solar cell charge efficiency when sunray and photographic plate vertical incidence is best.Therefore, make sun power photographic plate according to sunray incident angle calibrate sun power photographic plate towards the charge efficiency that effectively can promote solar cell, improve the utilization factor of equipment.
Traditional photo-electric is followed the tracks of employing 4 photosensitive devices and is built into bridge circuit, when sunshine vertical incidence, solar facula drops on the center of 4 photosensitive devices, the sunlight intensity that 4 photosensitive devices receive is consistent, electric bridge is in equilibrium state, if sunray does not have vertical incidence, then solar facula offsets out center, the light intensity that 4 photosensitive devices receive changes, the balance of electric bridge is broken, just have magnitude of voltage to export, utilize this Voltage Feedback to carry out the attitude of drive motor adjustment cell panel, ensure the vertical incidence of sunshine.Although the adjustment of the solar panel that this mode is carried out can meet real-time, due to the difference of light activated element electrical quantity, accuracy of detection is not high, just have impact on the tracking accuracy of system yet.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to solve the problem, and provides a kind of solar azimuth pick-up unit for the meticulous tracking of photovoltaic system, and this apparatus structure is simple, and with low cost, accuracy of detection is high.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model adopts following technical scheme: comprise photosensitive device, processor, clock chip, testing circuit and treatment circuit; Described photosensitive device is the cylinder of inwall painted black, described cylindrical band base, and the suitable for reading of cylinder is provided with Fresnel zone plate, and the base of cylinder is provided with center photoresistance O, main photosensitive electric resistance array A, a, C, c and secondary photoresistance array B, b, D, d; Described center photoresistance O is positioned at the home position of base, described main photosensitive electric resistance array and time photoresistance array are evenly distributed on center photoresistance O as the center of circle, with r be the cylindrical base of radius circumferentially, wherein r is less than the radius of cup dolly, photoresistance A and a, C and c, B and b, D and d lay respectively at on the center photoresistance same diameter of circle that is the center of circle and the intersection point of both sides circumference, two diameters at photoresistance A with a, C with c place are vertical, and two diameters at photoresistance B with b, D with d place are vertical; Photoresistance has dividing plate to separate between any two.
Fresnel zone plate is positioned at photosensitive device top, for improving the detection sensitivity of device.The sunray of parallel incidence focuses on by Fresnel zone plate, and form less solar facula in photosensitive device inside, can only irradiate in a few photoresistance, photoresistance is installed on photosensitive device base, is separated between any two with dividing plate simultaneously.The cylinder of inwall blacking ensures that light can not roundtrip in photosensitive device, reduces the interference brought thus.
Processor and clock chip calculate the general orientation of the sun according to current time, adjustment photosensitive device is just to the sun, main photosensitive resistance O and other circuit components and electric power generating composition loop, processor gathers this loop voltage, when voltage exceedes certain threshold value, main photosensitive resistance and time photoresistance circuit are started working, if intensity of illumination is not enough, circuit enters dormant state, detects after 1 hour again.
Sun location tracking needs to detect position of sun in real time, calculate position offset for adjusting angle of solar cell panel, the utility model utilizes main photosensitive resistance A and a of photosensitive device base and C and c to calculate the angle of pitch and azimuthal adjustment amount respectively, in this, as the main adjustment amount of solar panel, by the data that the combination of the magnitude of voltage of secondary photoresistance B, b, D, d calculates, main adjustment amount is revised, to ensure accurate tracking position of sun.
One day light tracking method, is characterized in that: comprise
Step (1): the intensity of the photosensitive resistance detection sunshine in center;
Step (2): open all the other photoresistance and carry out solar azimuth detection;
Step (3): processor reads each reference point magnitude of voltage of main photosensitive resistance circuit and voltage difference;
Step (4): processor reads voltage compare value and the voltage difference of time photoresistance reference point;
Step (5): processor computer azimuth angle adjustment amount and angle of pitch adjustment amount;
Step (6): export azimuthal adjustment and adjust motor to position angle;
Step (7): export pitch angle adjustment amount and adjust motor to the angle of pitch;
Per interval t, repeats step (1) to step (7);
Wherein, the computing method of the described angle of pitch adjustment amount of step (5):
Using the difference VA – Va of the pressure drop on main photosensitive resistance A and a as the main adjustment amount of solar panel pitch orientation, the difference VB – Vb of the pressure drop on the following photoresistance B and b and the auxiliary adjustment amount of the arithmetic mean [(VB – Vb)+(VD – Vd)]/2 of the difference VD – Vd of the pressure drop on time photoresistance D and d as solar panel angle of pitch direction, for controlling the weighted sum that solar panel angle of pitch direction adjustment amount is main adjustment amount and auxiliary adjustment amount, i.e. k (VA – Va)+w [(VB – Vb)+(VD – Vd)]/2, wherein the pass of weights k and power w is, k+w=1, k >=w>0,
The computing method of azimuthal adjustment described in step 5:
Using the difference VC – Vc of the pressure drop on main photosensitive resistance C and c as the main adjustment amount of solar panel azimuth direction, the difference VB – VD of the pressure drop on the following photoresistance B and D and the auxiliary adjustment amount of the arithmetic mean [(VB – VD)+(Vb – Vd)]/2 of the difference Vb – Vd of the voltage drop on time photoresistance b and d as solar panel azimuth direction, be the weighted sum that adjustment amount is assisted at the main adjustment amount in position angle and position angle for controlling solar panel azimuth direction adjustment amount, i.e. k (VC – Vc)+w [(VB – VD)+(Vb – Vd)]/2, wherein the pass of weights k and power w is, k+w=1, k >=w>0.
Photosensitive device of the present utility model uses multiple photoresistance, adds the sensitivity of sunshine detection and the precision of cell panel adjustment.System adds clock chip, can calculate the general orientation of the sun, and adjust photosensitive device according to current time, and avoid because photosensitive device is contrary with sunray direction, photosensitive device cannot receive sunray and cause the problem that cannot follow the tracks of.When entering into night according to Time Calculation, photosensitive device automatic rotary can be risen orientation to the sun, and make system hibernates reach energy-saving effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is photosensitive device schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is photoresistance distribution schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the connection layout of testing circuit;
Fig. 4 is the connection layout for the treatment of circuit I;
Fig. 5 is the connection layout for the treatment of circuit 2;
Fig. 6 is the connection diagram of whole system.
Wherein: 1-cylinder; 2-Fresnel zone plate; 3-dividing plate; 4-base.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the utility model is further illustrated.
The utility model comprises photosensitive device, processor, clock chip, testing circuit and treatment circuit.As shown in Figure 1, described photosensitive device is the cylinder 1 of inwall painted black, described cylinder 1 is with base 4, the suitable for reading of cylinder 1 is provided with Fresnel zone plate 2, the base 4 of cylinder is provided with center photoresistance O, main photosensitive electric resistance array A, a, C, c and time photoresistance array B, b, D, d. as shown in Figure 2, described center photoresistance O is positioned at the home position of base 4, described main photosensitive electric resistance array and time photoresistance array are evenly distributed on center photoresistance O as the center of circle, with r be the cylindrical base 4 of radius circumferentially, wherein r is less than the radius of cup dolly 4, photoresistance A and a, C and c, B and b, D and d lays respectively at on the center photoresistance same diameter of circle that is the center of circle and the intersection point of both sides circumference, photoresistance A and a, two diameters at C with c place are vertical, photoresistance B and b, two diameters at D with d place are vertical, photoresistance has dividing plate 3 to separate between any two.Photoresistance is arranged at Fresnel zone plate less than 3 1.5 times of focal lengths to two focus length place.
As shown in Figure 3, described testing circuit comprises power supply Vs, center photoresistance O, resistance R0 and multi-channel gating device, one end of center photoresistance O connects power supply Vs, other end series resistor R0 ground connection, the common port of center photoresistance O and resistance R0 is connected to the input end of multi-channel gating device, and the output terminal of multi-channel gating device is connected to processor I/O interface.
When illumination is penetrated stronger, the resistance of center photoresistance is less, that is the voltage-to-ground value of q point is larger, set a voltage threshold Vth, when the voltage-to-ground value of q point is greater than threshold value Vth, system starts day to tracking duty, when the voltage-to-ground value of q point is less than threshold value Vth, system just stops daylight following the tracks of, and enters dormant state.When photoresistance O in center detects the rising of sun power intensity, open all the other photoresistance and carry out solar azimuth detection.
Treatment circuit comprises by power supply Vs, photoresistance A, a, C, c, resistance R1, R2, R3, R4,2 voltage comparators and multi-channel gating device composition treatment circuit I and by power supply Vs, photoresistance B, b, D, d, resistance R5, R6, R7, R8, the treatment circuit II of 4 voltage comparators and multi-channel gating device composition.
As shown in Figure 4, one end of the photoresistance A of described treatment circuit I connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance a ground connection, and the common port of photoresistance A and a is connected to the input port I of voltage comparator I; One end of resistance R1 connects power supply Vs, other end series resistor R2 ground connection, and the common port of resistance R1 and R2 is connected to the input port II of voltage comparator I; Photoresistance C a bit connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance c ground connection, and the common port of photoresistance C and c is connected to the input port I of voltage comparator II; One end of resistance R3 connects power supply Vs, other end series resistor R4 ground connection, and the common port of resistance R3 and R4 is connected to the input port II of voltage comparator II; The output terminal of voltage comparator I and voltage comparator II is connected respectively to the input end of multi-channel gating device, and the output terminal of multi-channel gating device is connected to processor I/O interface.
As shown in Figure 5, one end of the photoresistance B of described treatment circuit II connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance R5 ground connection, and the common port of photoresistance B and R5 is connected to the input port 2 of voltage comparator 5 and the input port 2 of voltage comparator 6; One end of photoresistance b connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance R6 ground connection, and the common port of photoresistance b and R6 is connected to the input port 2 of voltage comparator 4 and the input port 1 of voltage comparator 5; One end of photoresistance D connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance R7 ground connection, and the common port of photoresistance D and R7 is connected to the input port 2 of voltage comparator 3 and the input port 1 of voltage comparator 6; One end of photoresistance d connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance R8 ground connection, and the common port of photoresistance d and R8 is connected to the input port 1 of voltage comparator 3 and the input port 1 of voltage comparator 4; The output terminal of voltage comparator 3,4,5,6 is connected to the input end of multi-channel gating device, and the output terminal of multi-channel gating device is connected to processor I/O interface.
Above-mentioned voltage comparator preferably adopts LM324.
As shown in Figure 6, the circuit loop of whole system is made up of main photosensitive electric resistance array, secondary photoresistance array, voltage comparator, multi-channel gating device, clock chip and microprocessor, clock chip exports current local time and date, processor calculates the general orientation of the sun according to this time and date, and adjust photosensitive device, avoid owing to not having sunshine to inject in photosensitive device and the problem of the sun cannot be followed the tracks of.
One day light tracking method, is characterized in that: comprise
Step (1): the intensity of the photosensitive resistance detection sunshine in center;
Step (2): open all the other photoresistance and carry out solar azimuth detection;
Step (3): processor reads each reference point magnitude of voltage of main photosensitive resistance circuit and voltage difference;
Step (4): processor reads voltage compare value and the voltage difference of time photoresistance reference point;
Step (5): processor computer azimuth angle adjustment amount and angle of pitch adjustment amount;
Step (6): export azimuthal adjustment and adjust motor to position angle;
Step (7): export pitch angle adjustment amount and adjust motor to the angle of pitch;
Per interval t, repeats step (1) to step (7);
Wherein, the computing method of the described angle of pitch adjustment amount of step (5):
Using the difference VA – Va of the pressure drop on main photosensitive resistance A and a as the main adjustment amount of solar panel pitch orientation, the difference VB – Vb of the pressure drop on the following photoresistance B and b and the auxiliary adjustment amount of the arithmetic mean [(VB – Vb)+(VD – Vd)]/2 of the difference VD – Vd of the pressure drop on time photoresistance D and d as solar panel angle of pitch direction, for controlling the weighted sum that solar panel angle of pitch direction adjustment amount is main adjustment amount and auxiliary adjustment amount, i.e. k (VA – Va)+w [(VB – Vb)+(VD – Vd)]/2, wherein the pass of weights k and power w is, k+w=1, k >=w>0,
The computing method of azimuthal adjustment described in step 5:
Using the difference VC – Vc of the pressure drop on main photosensitive resistance C and c as the main adjustment amount of solar panel azimuth direction, the difference VB – VD of the pressure drop on the following photoresistance B and D and the auxiliary adjustment amount of the arithmetic mean [(VB – VD)+(Vb – Vd)]/2 of the difference Vb – Vd of the voltage drop on time photoresistance b and d as solar panel azimuth direction, be the weighted sum that adjustment amount is assisted at the main adjustment amount in position angle and position angle for controlling solar panel azimuth direction adjustment amount, i.e. k (VC – Vc)+w [(VB – VD)+(Vb – Vd)]/2, wherein the pass of weights k and power w is, k+w=1, k >=w>0.
The solar facula formed after Fresnel zone plate optically focused when sunray departs from the center (departing from of above-below direction) of photoresistance array, corresponding change will be there is in the resistance value of main photosensitive resistance A and time photoresistance a, if hot spot deflection photoresistance A and away from photoresistance a, then the resistance of photoresistance A will increase, photoresistance a resistance value reduces, in Fig. 4, the magnitude of voltage (over the ground) of reference point 41 correspondingly changes, and reference point 42 magnitude of voltage now (over the ground) can't change, voltage comparator is by comparing output comparative result by 41 point voltage values and 42 point voltage values (reference voltage), the i.e. voltage difference of 41 and 42, characterize the sun departs from photoresistance array center amount at above-below direction, this is also that solar panel is bowed and will be carried out at elevation direction the main adjustment amount that adjusts, with should hot spot depart from photoresistance array center time (left and right directions), this side-play amount is also characterized by the voltage difference of 43 and 44, as the main adjustment amount of solar panel azimuth direction.For improving the precision of system keeps track position of sun, it is additional device that the utility model also uses 4 photoresistance B, b, D, d, the combinatorial operation result of the magnitude of voltage of the corresponding reference point namely gathered with photoresistance B, b, D, d is as the correction of angle of pitch direction and azimuth direction adjustment amount, and concrete is calculated as:
Angle of pitch adjustment amount:
It is main adjustment amount that the voltage difference that gathers with photoresistance A and a (namely in Fig. 4 41 and the electric potential difference VA-Va of 42) is multiplied by correction factor k, the arithmetic mean [(VB-Vb)+(VD – Vd)]/2 gathering the difference of magnitude of voltage VB and Vb and the difference of magnitude of voltage VD and Vd using B, b, D, d is multiplied by correction factor w as auxiliary adjustment amount, if correction factor k=w=1/2, then system calculates the actual adjustment amount being used for solar panel according to formula (VA – Va)/2+w [(VB – Vb)+(VD – Vd)]/4.
Azimuthal adjustment:
It is main adjustment amount that the voltage difference that gathers with photoresistance C and c (namely in Fig. 4 43 and the electric potential difference VC-Vc of 44) is multiplied by correction factor k, correction factor w is multiplied by for auxiliary correction with the collection magnitude of voltage of B, b, D, d point combination [(VB – VD)+(Vb – Vd)]/2, if the correction factor k=w=1/2 adopted, then system calculates the actual adjustment amount being used for solar panel according to formula k (VC – Vc)/2+w [(VB – VD)+(Vb – Vd)]/4.
The angle of pitch and azimuthal actual adjustment amount are calculated by microprocessor, and result of calculation is converted into the step number that motor will adjust delivers to corresponding motor, for adjusting the attitude of solar panel through mapping.
Claims (6)
1. for day of photovoltaic system to a pick-up unit, it is characterized in that: comprise photosensitive device, processor, clock chip, testing circuit and treatment circuit; Described photosensitive device is the cylinder (1) of inwall painted black, described cylinder (1) band base (4), the suitable for reading of cylinder (1) is provided with Fresnel zone plate (2), the base (4) of cylinder is provided with center photoresistance O, main photosensitive electric resistance array A, a, C, c and secondary photoresistance array B, b, D, d; Described center photoresistance O is positioned at the home position of base (4), described main photosensitive electric resistance array and time photoresistance array are evenly distributed on center photoresistance O as the center of circle, with r be the cylindrical base (4) of radius circumferentially, wherein r is less than the radius of cup dolly (4), photoresistance A and a, C and c, B and b, D and d lay respectively at on the center photoresistance same diameter of circle that is the center of circle and the intersection point of both sides circumference, two diameters at photoresistance A with a, C with c place are vertical, and two diameters at photoresistance B with b, D with d place are vertical; Photoresistance has dividing plate (3) to separate between any two.
2. the day for photovoltaic system according to claim 1 is to pick-up unit, it is characterized in that: described testing circuit comprises power supply Vs, center photoresistance O, resistance R0 and multi-channel gating device, one end of center photoresistance O connects power supply Vs, other end series resistor R0 ground connection, the common port of center photoresistance O and resistance R0 is connected to the input end of multi-channel gating device, and the output terminal of multi-channel gating device is connected to processor I/O interface.
3. the day for photovoltaic system according to claim 1 is to pick-up unit, it is characterized in that: described treatment circuit comprises by power supply Vs, photoresistance A, a, C, c, resistance R1, R2, R3, R4,2 voltage comparators and multi-channel gating device composition treatment circuit I and by power supply Vs, photoresistance B, b, D, d, resistance R5, R6, R7, R8, the treatment circuit II of 4 voltage comparators and multi-channel gating device composition.
4. the day for photovoltaic system according to claim 3 is to pick-up unit, it is characterized in that: one end of the photoresistance A of described treatment circuit I connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance a ground connection, the common port of photoresistance A and a is connected to the input port I of voltage comparator I; One end of resistance R1 connects power supply Vs, other end series resistor R2 ground connection, and the common port of resistance R1 and R2 is connected to the input port II of voltage comparator I; Photoresistance C a bit connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance c ground connection, and the common port of photoresistance C and c is connected to the input port I of voltage comparator II; One end of resistance R3 connects power supply Vs, other end series resistor R4 ground connection, and the common port of resistance R3 and R4 is connected to the input port II of voltage comparator II; The output terminal of voltage comparator I and voltage comparator II is connected respectively to the input end of multi-channel gating device, and the output terminal of multi-channel gating device is connected to processor I/O interface.
5. the day for photovoltaic system according to claim 3 is to pick-up unit, it is characterized in that: one end of the photoresistance B of described treatment circuit II connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance R5 ground connection, the common port of photoresistance B and R5 is connected to the input port 2 of voltage comparator 5 and the input port 2 of voltage comparator 6; One end of photoresistance b connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance R6 ground connection, and the common port of photoresistance b and R6 is connected to the input port 2 of voltage comparator 4 and the input port 1 of voltage comparator 5; One end of photoresistance D connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance R7 ground connection, and the common port of photoresistance D and R7 is connected to the input port 2 of voltage comparator 3 and the input port 1 of voltage comparator 6; One end of photoresistance d connects power supply Vs, other end serial connection photoresistance R8 ground connection, and the common port of photoresistance d and R8 is connected to the input port 1 of voltage comparator 3 and the input port 1 of voltage comparator 4; The output terminal of voltage comparator 3,4,5,6 is connected to the input end of multi-channel gating device, and the output terminal of multi-channel gating device is connected to processor I/O interface.
6. the day for photovoltaic system according to claim 1 is to pick-up unit, it is characterized in that: photoresistance is arranged at Fresnel zone plate less than 3 1.5 times of focal lengths to two focus length place.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520176846.0U CN204536919U (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | For day of photovoltaic system to pick-up unit |
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| CN201520176846.0U CN204536919U (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | For day of photovoltaic system to pick-up unit |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104699126A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-06-10 | 山东科技大学 | Sun direction detection device for photovoltaic system and sunlight tracking method |
| CN106556373A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-04-05 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of measuring method of the incident direction and intensity of sunlight |
| CN106872029A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-20 | 哈尔滨市三和佳美科技发展有限公司 | light intensity tracing sensor |
-
2015
- 2015-03-27 CN CN201520176846.0U patent/CN204536919U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104699126A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-06-10 | 山东科技大学 | Sun direction detection device for photovoltaic system and sunlight tracking method |
| CN104699126B (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2018-06-19 | 山东科技大学 | Day light tracking method |
| CN106872029A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-20 | 哈尔滨市三和佳美科技发展有限公司 | light intensity tracing sensor |
| CN106556373A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-04-05 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of measuring method of the incident direction and intensity of sunlight |
| CN106556373B (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-04-12 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of incident direction of sunlight and the measurement method of intensity |
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