CN102740905B - 带有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头 - Google Patents

带有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头 Download PDF

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CN102740905B
CN102740905B CN201080061345.8A CN201080061345A CN102740905B CN 102740905 B CN102740905 B CN 102740905B CN 201080061345 A CN201080061345 A CN 201080061345A CN 102740905 B CN102740905 B CN 102740905B
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G·P·索伦森
G·R·萨斯曼
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M5/142Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
    • A61M5/14212Pumping with an aspiration and an expulsion action
    • A61M5/14228Pumping with an aspiration and an expulsion action with linear peristaltic action, i.e. comprising at least three pressurising members or a helical member

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Abstract

一种眼外科机头包括联接到变幅杆的驱动器。变幅杆联接到一针。抽吸泵与机头成一体并且靠近针定位。一段长度的刚性抽吸管线位于抽吸泵和针之间。可选的压力传感器也位于抽吸泵和针之间。

Description

带有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头
技术领域
本发明涉及晶状体乳化手术,更特别地涉及更好地调节在白内障手术期间眼睛中受到的压力的装置。
背景技术
人眼用于通过将光透射通过被称为角膜的透明外部分,并且借助于晶状体将图像聚焦到视网膜上而提供视力。聚焦图像的质量取决于许多因素,包括眼睛的大小和形状以及角膜和晶状体的透明度。当年龄或疾病导致晶状体变得不太透明时,视力可能由于可以透射到视网膜的光减弱而变差。眼睛的晶状体的该缺陷在医学上被称为白内障。用于该状况的可接受治疗是手术摘除晶状体,并且用人造眼内透镜(IOL)代替晶状体功能。
在美国,大部分白内障晶状体通过被称为晶状体乳化术的手术方法摘除。适合于晶状体乳化程序的典型外科机头由超声驱动晶状体乳化机头、由灌注套管围绕的附连的中空切割针以及电子控制台组成。机头组件通过电缆和挠性管道附连到控制台。通过电缆,控制台改变由机头传递到附带切割针的功率大小。挠性管道将灌注流体供应到手术部位,并且通过机头组件吸引来自眼睛的抽吸流体。
典型机头中的操作部分是附连到一组压电晶体的居中定位的、中空的共振杆或变幅杆。晶体供应在晶状体乳化期间驱动变幅杆和所附连的切割针需要的所需超声振动,并且由控制台控制。晶体/变幅杆组件由挠性安装件悬挂在机头的中空主体或壳体内。机头主体终止于在主体的远端的减小直径部分或前锥体中。典型地,前锥体具有外螺纹以接收围绕切割针的大部分长度的中空灌注套管。类似地,变幅杆腔在它的远端具有内螺纹以接收切割尖端的外螺纹。灌注套管也具有拧接到前锥体的外螺纹上的带内螺纹的腔。切割针被调节使得它的尖端仅仅突出超过灌注套管的敞开端部预定量。
在晶状体乳化程序期间,切割针的尖端和灌注套管的端部通过眼睛的外部组织中的小切口插入眼睛的前段中。外科医生使切割针的尖端与眼睛的晶状体接触,使得振动尖端分割晶状体。最后产生的碎片与在该程序期间提供给眼睛的灌注溶液一起通过切割针的内腔被抽吸到眼睛之外,并且进入废物容器。
在整个程序期间,灌注流体被泵送到眼睛中、通过灌注套管和切割针之间并且在灌注套管的尖端和/或从在灌注套管中靠近其端部切成的一个或多个孔口或开口进入眼睛中。该灌注流体是至关重要的,原因是它防止摘除经乳化的晶状体期间的眼睛的萎陷。灌注流体也保护眼组织免于由超声切割针的振动生成的热。此外,灌注流体悬浮经乳化的晶状体的碎片以供从眼睛抽吸。
晶状体乳化程序期间的常见现象来自在整个手术程序期间发生的变化流率。变化流率导致从灌注流体源至眼睛的灌注流体路径中的变化压力损失,因此导致前房中的压力(也被称为眼内压或IOP)的变化。更高的流率导致更大的压力损失和更低的IOP。当IOP降低时,眼睛内的操作空间减小。
晶状体乳化过程期间的另一个常见问题来自抽吸针的阻塞或堵塞。当灌注流体和经乳化的组织通过中空切割针被抽吸离开眼睛的内部时,大于针的腔的直径的组织的片段可能在针的尖端中变得堵塞。当尖端被堵塞时,真空压力在尖端内形成。当堵塞被去除时最后产生的眼睛中的前房中的压降被称为堵塞后浪涌。该堵塞后浪涌在一些情况下可以导致相对大量的流体和组织太快地被抽吸到眼睛之外,可能导致眼睛萎陷和/或导致晶状体囊撕裂。
已设计出诸如使抽吸管线通气的各种技术来减小该浪涌。然而,仍然需要改进的晶状体乳化装置,其减小堵塞后浪涌并且在整个变化流动状态期间保持稳定的IOP。
发明内容
在根据本发明的原理的一个实施例中,本发明涉及一种眼外科机头,其包括:联接到变幅杆的驱动器,所述变幅杆联接到针;与所述机头成一体的抽吸泵,所述抽吸泵布置成靠近所述针;以及位于所述抽吸泵和所述针之间的一段长度的刚性抽吸管线。
在根据本发明的原理的另一个实施例中,本发明涉及一种眼外科机头,其包括:联接到变幅杆的驱动器,所述变幅杆联接到针;与所述机头成一体的抽吸泵,所述抽吸泵靠近所述针定位;联接到所述抽吸泵的一次性区段;以及位于所述抽吸泵和所述针之间的一段长度的刚性抽吸管线。
应当理解前面的概述和下面的详述仅仅是示例性的和解释性的,并且旨在提供如权利要求所述的本发明的进一步解释。以下描述以及本发明的实施阐述并且提出本发明的优点和目的。
附图说明
包含在该说明书中并且构成该说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的若干实施例并且与描述一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是晶状体乳化系统的流体路径中的部件的图示,该系统包括根据本发明的原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的机头。
图2是根据本发明原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头的结构图。
图3是根据本发明原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头的结构图。
图4是根据本发明原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头的一部分的侧视图。
图5是根据本发明原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头的一部分的横截面图。
图6是与根据本发明原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头一起使用的可拆卸筒的侧视图。
图7是与根据本发明的原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头一起使用的可拆卸筒的透视图。
具体实施方式
现在详细地参考本发明的示例性实施例,在附图中示出了所述实施例的例子。只要有可能,相同的附图标记用于在所有图中表示相同或相似的部分。
图1是晶状体乳化系统的流体路径中的部件的图示,该系统包括根据本发明的原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的机头。图1描绘了白内障手术期间的通过眼睛145的流体路径。部件包括灌注源120、可选的灌注压力传感器130、可选的灌注阀135、灌注管线140、机头150、抽吸管线155、可选的抽吸压力传感器160、可选的通气阀165、泵170、容器175和引流袋180。灌注管线140在白内障手术期间将灌注流体提供给眼睛145。灌注管线155在白内障手术期间从眼睛去除流体和经乳化的晶状体。
当灌注流体离开灌注源120时,它移动通过灌注管线140并且进入眼睛145。灌注压力传感器130测量灌注管线140中的灌注流体的压力。可选的灌注阀135也被提供用于灌注的开/关控制。灌注压力传感器130由多种商业上可获得的流体压力传感器中的任何一种实现。
机头150在晶状体乳化程序期间相对于眼睛145布置。机头150具有中空针(图2和3中的270),所述中空针在眼睛中超声振动以破坏病变晶状体。围绕针定位的套管提供来自灌注管线140的灌注流体。灌注流体穿过针的外侧和套管的内侧之间的空间。流体和晶状体微粒通过中空针被抽吸。以该方式,中空针的内部通道流体地联接到抽吸管线155。泵170吸引来自眼睛145的抽吸流体。可选的抽吸压力传感器160测量抽吸管线中的压力。可选的通气阀可以用于通气由泵170产生的真空。抽吸流体穿过容器175并且进入引流袋180。
图2是根据本发明的原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头的结构图。在图2中,机头150包括马达210、轴220、可拆卸筒230、可选的抽吸压力传感器160、驱动器250、变幅杆260、针270和抽吸管线280。马达210使轴220旋转。当泵在操作时,可拆卸筒230保持抵靠着轴220。抽吸压力传感器160位于可拆卸筒230和眼睛145之间。
在图2中,泵170包括马达210、轴220和在可拆卸筒230中的挠性管道。在本发明的一个实施例中,轴220具有压靠在可拆卸筒230中的挠性管道上的螺旋结构。以该方式,螺旋式或涡旋式抽吸泵用马达210、轴220和可拆卸筒230中的挠性管道实现。这在图4和5中更清楚地被显示和描述。尽管泵170被描述为螺旋式泵,也可以使用其它类型的泵。
抽吸管线280流体地联接到可拆卸筒230。抽吸管线也延伸通过或围绕驱动器250、变幅杆260和针270。针270中的内腔流体地联接到抽吸管线280。如上所述,流体和晶状体微粒通过针270的内腔被抽吸。抽吸泵170通过针270的内腔吸引流体和晶状体微粒。
驱动器250典型地是产生变幅杆260中的超声振动的超声驱动器。变幅杆260典型地是联接到驱动器250和针270的一块金属。以该方式,由驱动器250产生的振动被传递到变幅杆260和针270。针270放置在眼睛中并且振动以分割白内障晶状体。
抽吸压力传感器160测量抽吸管线280中的抽吸压力。尽管显示为位于可拆卸筒230和驱动器250之间,但是抽吸压力传感器可以位于泵170和眼睛145之间的任何位置。抽吸压力传感器160可以由多种已知的压力传感器装置中的任何一种实现。
图3是根据本发明的原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头的结构图。图3的例子具有图2的元件加上可选的通气阀165。当可选的通气阀165存在时,它用于提供抽吸泵170的通气路径。以该方式,当通气阀165被打开时泵170可以例如通气到大气。如图3中所示,抽吸管线280具有两个路径:一个路径穿过可拆卸筒230,并且另一个路径围绕可拆卸筒230。该第二路径(其围绕可拆卸筒230)和关联的通气阀165也可以包含到可拆卸筒230中。当通气阀165被打开时,由泵170产生的抽吸或真空由于它处于通气到大气中而减小。
图4和5分别是根据本发明原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头的一部分的侧视图和横截面图。图4和5更清楚地显示了可拆卸筒230和泵170的一个例子的细节。在所示的例子中,可拆卸筒230包括抽吸管线接头405、第一管道接头420、管道保持器440和杠杆430。这些部件被一体化到框架中,如图所示。可拆卸筒230可以从机头的剩余部分被拆卸。
在图4和5所示的可拆卸筒的例子中,抽吸管线接头405可以附连到联接到手术控制台的抽吸管道。以该方式,抽吸管线接头405靠近连接到手术控制台的机头的端部。管从抽吸管线接头405延伸到第一管道接头420。该管是图2和3中所示的抽吸管线280的一部分。
管道保持器440保持位于轴220和管道保持器440之间的挠性管(未显示)。轴220将挠性管道压靠在管道保持器440上。当轴220旋转时,轴220上的螺旋形突起将流体泵送通过挠性管道(因此实现螺旋式或涡旋式泵)。管道保持器440由适合于保持挠性管道的刚性材料制造。挠性管道的一个端部流体地联接到第一管道接头420,并且挠性管道的另一个端部流体地联接到第二管道接头425。以该方式,挠性管道是抽吸管线280的一部分。
杠杆430用于将可拆卸筒230固定到机头的剩余部分。尽管显示为杠杆,但是其它机构可以用于将可拆卸筒固定到机头的剩余部分。
马达210联接到轴220并且用于使轴220旋转。可以控制马达210以控制轴220的运动,如下面更清楚地所述。马达210典型地是直流马达,但是可以是适合于旋转轴220的任何类型的马达或驱动器。
在图4和5所示的例子中,连接器450将由管道保持器440保持的挠性管道连接到机头接头415。连接器接头410直接地或经由另一个部分与机头接头415相互连接。以该方式,抽吸路径穿过机头接头415、连接器接头410、连接器450、第二管道接头425、由管道保持器440保持的挠性管道、第一管道接头420和抽吸管线接头405。连接器450连接到轴220的端部。以该方式,连接器450、轴220和马达210(与保持这些部分的框架一起)附连到驱动器250(其联接到变幅杆260和针270)。
泵和眼睛之间(即,第二管道接头425和针270之间)的抽吸管线的长度很小(大约为数英寸)。另外,泵和眼睛之间的该长度的抽吸管线可以是非柔性的(即,它可以是刚性的)。具有泵170和眼睛之间的小长度的非柔性管道消除了与现有技术系统关联的浪涌。
在操作中,马达210旋转轴220。控制器(未显示)控制马达210的操作。以该方式,轴220可以以任何期望速度旋转以产生任何期望真空。此外,需要时,轴220可以被停止或在相反方向上旋转。以该方式,可以控制马达210以在任一方向上旋转轴220。当旋转时,轴220吸引流体通过挠性管并且用于泵送流体通过抽吸管线。
在另一个例子中,轴220可以朝着和远离管道保持器440移动。以该方式,管道保持器440和轴220之间的空间可以变化使得挠性管道可以在不同程度上夹持在轴220和管道保持器440之间。换句话说,轴220可以很紧地夹持由管道保持器440保持的挠性管道以产生不允许泄漏的泵送动作。备选地,当轴220移动远离管道保持器440时,挠性管道不太紧地被夹持,因此导致泄漏和更小的真空或泵送力。可以可变地控制轴220相对于管道保持器440的位置以调节通过挠性管道的泄漏,并且又调节由泵产生的真空。
在(图3中所示的)另一个例子中,轴220相对于管道保持器440的位置可以是固定的,并且通气阀165可以用于产生泄漏,该泄漏调节由泵产生的真空。以该方式,可以可变地控制通气阀165以控制存在于抽吸管线中的真空量(通过控制通过通气阀165的泄漏量)。
抽吸真空的控制可以基于来自抽吸压力传感器160的读数。抽吸压力传感器160位于泵和眼睛之间。以该方式,抽吸压力传感器160精确地读取很靠近眼睛的抽吸管线中的压力状态。这样的读数可以用于精确地控制供应到眼睛的抽吸真空。
图6和7分别是与根据本发明的原理的具有一体式抽吸泵的晶状体乳化机头一起使用的可拆卸筒的侧视图和透视图。在图6和7的例子中,可拆卸筒包括抽吸管线接头405、第一管道接头420、管道保持器440、杠杆330和开口605。开口605与第二管道接头425相互连接,如图5中所示。一段挠性管道位于第一管道接头420和开口605之间。图6和7的可拆卸筒230可以是可再使用的或一次性的。在一个例子中,可拆卸筒是可再使用的,挠性管道是一次性的。在另一个例子中,可拆卸筒与挠性管道都是一次性的。
本发明的设计允许抽吸泵170很靠近眼睛145。可以使抽吸泵170和眼睛145之间的距离很小,大约为数英寸。将抽吸泵170靠近眼睛145放置允许很短长度的抽吸管线位于泵170和眼睛145之间。而且,位于泵170和眼睛145之间的该长度的抽吸管线可以是刚性的(例如,它可以由不锈钢制造)。组成泵170和眼睛145之间的抽吸管线的该长度短的非柔性材料消除了与常规晶状体乳化系统关联的任何浪涌效应。
在常规晶状体乳化系统中,抽吸泵位于控制台中。较长长度的挠性管道(六英尺或以上)位于抽吸泵和眼睛之间。该较长长度的挠性管道具有很大的柔性,它可以响应真空压力的变化而拉伸。该柔性导致浪涌,如先前所述。通过将抽吸泵包含在机头中(并且使它很靠近眼睛放置)并且具有抽吸泵和眼睛之间的很短长度的非柔性管道,这些浪涌可以被消除,因此导致更安全和更有效的手术。
综上所述,可以领会本发明提供了一种用于晶状体乳化手术的加压输注系统。本发明提供了一种更精确地控制流体压力的灌注压带装置。在本文中通过例子说明本发明,并且本领域的普通技术人员可以进行各种修改。
本领域的技术人员通过考虑本文中所公开的本发明的说明书和实施将显而易见本发明的其它实施例。说明书和例子应当被认为仅仅是示例性的,本发明的真实范围和精神由以下权利要求限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种眼外科机头,包括: 
联接至变幅杆的驱动器,所述变幅杆联接至一针; 
与所述机头成一体的抽吸泵,所述抽吸泵靠近所述针定位,所述抽吸泵包括马达、可操作地连接到所述马达的可移动部件、以及挠性管道,所述可移动部件适于压靠着所述挠性管道; 
位于所述抽吸泵和所述针之间的一段长度的刚性抽吸管线;以及 
所述可移动部件相对于所述挠性管道的位置能够可变地控制以调节通过所述挠性管道的泄漏,所述泄漏减小了所述一段长度的刚性抽吸管线中的真空压力。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的眼外科机头,还包括位于所述抽吸泵和所述针之间的抽吸压力传感器。 
3.根据权利要求1所述的眼外科机头,还包括与所述抽吸泵并联布置的通气阀,所述通气阀被以可变的方式控制以便可变地控制由所述抽吸泵产生的真空。 
4.一种眼外科机头,包括: 
联接至变幅杆的驱动器,所述变幅杆联接至一针; 
与所述机头成一体的抽吸泵,所述抽吸泵布置成靠近所述针;联接至所述抽吸泵的一次性区段,所述一次性区段包括挠性管道,所述抽吸泵的可移动部件适于压靠着所述挠性管道; 
位于所述抽吸泵和所述针之间的一段长度的刚性抽吸管线;以及 
所述可移动部件相对于所述挠性管道的位置能够可变地控制以调节通过所述挠性管道的泄漏,所述泄漏减小了所述一段长度的刚性抽吸管线中的真空压力。 
5.根据权利要求4所述的眼外科机头,还包括: 
位于所述抽吸泵和所述针之间的抽吸压力传感器。 
6.根据权利要求4所述的眼外科机头,还包括: 
与所述抽吸泵并联地布置的通气阀,所述通气阀被以可变的方式控制以可变地控制由所述抽吸泵产生的真空。 
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