CN102720818B - Mechanical, intelligent, adaptive, two-speed and multi-cam automatic transmission - Google Patents
Mechanical, intelligent, adaptive, two-speed and multi-cam automatic transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN102720818B CN102720818B CN201210201260.6A CN201210201260A CN102720818B CN 102720818 B CN102720818 B CN 102720818B CN 201210201260 A CN201210201260 A CN 201210201260A CN 102720818 B CN102720818 B CN 102720818B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical, intelligent, adaptive, two-speed and multi-cam automatic transmission which comprises a transmission shaft, a low speed transmission mechanism, a circular axial outer taper sleeve and a circular axial inner taper sleeve. The circular axial outer taper sleeve is sleeved outside the transmission shaft and is driven by a spiral cam pair. The slow speed transmission mechanism is provided with multi-end cams. The mechanical, intelligent, adaptive, two-speed and multi-cam automatic transmission has all advantages of the existing adaptive automatic cam transmission. By the slow speed transmission structure with the multi-end cams, flexibility of gear shifting can be guaranteed, jerk and jam in gear shifting are eliminated, driving comfort can be improved, energy is more reduced, consumption is more lowered, and power performance and economy of vehicles and driving safety and comfort can be improved greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vehicle transmission, particularly a kind of mechanical intelligent self adaption cam automatic transmission more than two grades.
Background technique
In prior art, automobile, motorcycle, electric bicycle are all directly control closure or Current Control speed by speed-regulating handle or accelerator pedal substantially, or adopt hand-control mechanical automatic automatic transmission mode to realize speed change.The operation of driver is depended in the operation of handle or accelerator pedal completely, operation usually can be caused not mate with garage situation, cause motor or motor fluctuation of service, occur stall phenomenon.
Motor Vehicle when by rider when not knowing running resistance, only rule of thumb operate the speed change gear of control, there is following problem unavoidably: 1. starting, go up a slope and heavy load time, because running resistance increases, force motor or engine speed to decline and work in inefficient district.2., owing to not having mechanical transmission to adjust moment of torsion and speed, can only promote the use of in plains region, use under mountain area, hills and heavy load conditions can not be met, reduce using scope; 3. driving wheel place installing space is little, is difficult to hold automatic transmission and other new technology again after having installed motor or motor; 4. do not possess adaptive function, automatically can not detect, revise and get rid of the error in operation of driver; 5., when speed of a motor vehicle change is unexpected, motor or engine power must be caused to be difficult to mate with running resistance.6. continue apart from short, grade ability is poor, accommodation is little.
In order to overcome the above problems, present inventor has invented a series of cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting device, utilize running resistance driving cam, reach self shifter and the object according to running resistance Adaptive matching speed of a motor vehicle output torque, there is good effect; Although aforesaid cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting device has above-mentioned advantage, stability and high efficiency comparatively prior art improve a lot, but parts thereof structure is comparatively complicated, speed changer volume is larger, simultaneously, owing to have employed multiple cam (same circumference) structure, stability is still not ideal enough; And by having bite in cam clutch process, affect the smoothness of self shifter process; Although comparatively prior art increases on service life, according to structural analysis, working life still has room for improvement.
Therefore, one is needed to improve above-mentioned cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting device, not only self adaption automatically can carry out shift speed change with travelling when change in resistance does not cut off driving force, solve the little problem that can not meet complex condition road occupation of moment of torsion-rotation speed change, stationarity is good, increase work efficiency further, there is better energy conservation and consumption reduction effects, and reduce volume; Meanwhile, shift process is smooth and easy without bite, is quick on the draw, and saves driving source, reduces energy consumption, and improves working life further, is applicable to motor vehicle and uses.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of mechanical intelligent self adaption cam automatic transmission more than two grades, not only self adaption automatically can carry out shift speed change with travelling when change in resistance does not cut off driving force, solve the little problem that can not meet complex condition road occupation of moment of torsion-rotation speed change, stationarity is good, increase work efficiency further, there is better energy conservation and consumption reduction effects, and reduce volume; Meanwhile, shift process is smooth and easy without bite, is quick on the draw, and saves driving source, reduces energy consumption, and improves working life further, is applicable to motor vehicle and uses.
Mechanical intelligent self adaption of the present invention cam automatic transmission more than two grades, comprises the transmission shaft outputed power, the mechanical intelligent adaptive rate assembly also comprising slow gear driving mechanism and be arranged on transmission shaft;
Mechanical intelligent adaptive rate assembly comprises the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body and speed change elastic element;
The axial inner conical drogue of described cirque body is used for input power, and the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body is provided with axial inner conical surface and is coated at the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, the axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) that the axial inner conical surface that the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body is provided with inner conical drogue axial with cirque body matches; The axial external conical sleeve of described cirque body is coated at transmission shaft and is coordinated by the auxiliary driving of main transmission cam with it;
Speed change elastic element applies to make the inner conical surface of its male cone (strobilus masculinus) and the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body to fit the pretightening force of transmission to the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body; During described transmission shaft Power output, main transmission cam is secondary applies the axial thrust load contrary with speed change elastic element pretightening force to the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body;
Described slow gear driving mechanism comprises the intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism with free wheel device, and the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body coordinates with the power intake transmission of intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism; Be rotatably assorted and be coated at transmission shaft and be at least provided with an intermediate cam cover, described intermediate cam is overlapped axial two ends and is respectively equipped with and correspondingly coordinates with the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body and intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism by cam-engaged is secondary and is passed to cirque body axis external conical sleeve by keeping off the clutch end of power by intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism slowly.
Further, the axial inner conical surface of the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body or and the axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) of the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body be provided with oil groove, this oil groove is provided with for oil-feed and fuel-displaced port;
Further, the axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) of the axial external conical sleeve of described cirque body is provided with oil groove, and described oil groove is left-handed and right hand helix shape interleaved discs is around in axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) and its port is coiled in axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) two ends self-assembling formation by oil groove is left-handed with right hand helix;
Further, the inner ring of free wheel device is rotatably assorted and is coated at transmission shaft, intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism also comprises the train of reduction gears for power to be passed to free wheel device by the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body, the inner ring of described free wheel device surmounts between the Power output sense of rotation and outer ring of transmission shaft, the axial inner conical drogue of described cirque body is coordinated with the outer ring transmission of free wheel device by train of reduction gears, the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body is passed to by intermediate cam cover by keeping off the inner ring of power by free wheel device slowly between the inner ring of described free wheel device and the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, the cam-engaged pair at intermediate cam cover two ends is end cam engagement pair, and the shape line lift angle of its end cam is all less than or equal to 45 ° and the shape line lift angle of intermediate cam cover two ends end cam varies in size,
Further, described free wheel device is elastic sheet type overrunning clutch, comprises roller and retainer, forms the engaging groove being used for engaging with roller or being separated between the outer ring of free wheel device and inner ring; Described retainer comprises support plate, supporting post and reed, described supporting post and roller one_to_one corresponding, described support plate is arranged at supporting post in circumferencial direction secure fit and forms slot between support plate and supporting post outer surface, described reed is provided with the embedding part embedding slot, reed extends slot and applies pretightening force along the engagement direction of engaging groove to roller, described slot be provided with reed due to roller is applied pretightening force produce the distortion allowance of resiliently deformable;
Further, described embedding part is provided with pressure-bearing portion, and described support plate is provided with and applies to make embedding part embed the pressure of slot and limit the nip portion that embedding part deviates from from slot to pressure-bearing portion;
Further, described pressure-bearing portion is formed in one in embedding part and outward extending elastic piece structure, and pressure-bearing portion forms pressure-bearing section to nip portion bending, and nip portion is formed to the bending of pressure-bearing portion and is superimposed on pressure-bearing section outer surface and executes stressed pressing section to pressure-bearing section;
Further, described train of reduction gears comprise keep off jack shaft slowly, be arranged at that slow gear jack shaft coordinates with its transmission first keep off gear and second and keep off gear slowly slowly, the axial inner conical drogue of described cirque body keeps off meshed transmission gear slowly by slow gear driving gear and first, the outer ring engagement driving of the second slow gear gear and free wheel device;
Further, described speed change elastic element is the speed change butterfly spring being coated at transmission shaft, described speed change butterfly spring and free wheel device are respectively in the axial both sides of the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, speed change butterfly spring is coated at the speed change axle sleeve of transmission shaft successively by being slidably matched and speed change plane bearing withstands axial external conical sleeve one axial end portion of cirque body, and axial another axial end portion of external conical sleeve of cirque body is coordinated by corresponding end cam auxiliary driving with intermediate cam cover; The axial external conical sleeve inner circle of cirque body is provided with internal spiral cam, and transmission shaft is provided with the external spiral cam matched with internal spiral cam and jointly forms spiral prominence wheel set;
Further, described speed change butterfly spring is arranged on the right side of the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, and free wheel device is positioned on the left of the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body; The axial internal spiral cam of external conical sleeve of described cirque body is identical with transmission shaft Power output sense of rotation from left to right with the expansion direction of the external spiral cam of transmission shaft; The inner ring of described intermediate cam cover two ends and free wheel device and the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body are arranged end cam respectively and are intermeshed by end cam and form end cam engagement pair; The end cam line of contact expansion direction of the inner ring of intermediate cam cover two ends and free wheel device and the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body is contrary with transmission shaft Power output sense of rotation from left to right.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: mechanical intelligent self adaption of the present invention cam automatic transmission more than two grades, there is all advantages of existing cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting device, if detect driving torque-rotating speed and running resistance-vehicle speed signal according to running resistance, motor or engine output and traveling state of vehicle is made to be in optimum Match state all the time, the balance realizing vehicle traction moment and comprehensive running resistance controls, and when not cutting off driving force, self adaption carries out shift speed change automatically with traveling change in resistance; Use under can meeting mountain area, hills and heavy load conditions, make motor or engine load change gently, motor vehicle operate steadily, and improve Security;
Meanwhile, the present invention adopts the slow gear drive mechanism of multi-end surface cam, can ensure the sensitivity in shift process, eliminate gearshift pause and transition in rhythm or melody sense and bite sense, improve ride comfort, save energy and reduce the cost further, greatly improve the power character of vehicle, Economy, drive safety and travelling comfort.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is axial section structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the axial external conical sleeve structure schematic diagram of cirque body;
Fig. 3 is the inner ring structure schematic diagram of free wheel device;
Oil duct structural representation on the axial external conical sleeve conical surface of Fig. 4 cirque body;
Fig. 5 is intermediate cam nested structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that the cam at intermediate cam cover two ends launches schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is overrun clutch structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is that supporting post, support plate and reed coordinate schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is reed structure schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is free wheel device axially local sectional structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is axial section structural representation of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the axial external conical sleeve structure schematic diagram of cirque body, and Fig. 3 is the inner ring structure schematic diagram of free wheel device, oil duct structural representation on the axial external conical sleeve conical surface of Fig. 4 cirque body; Fig. 5 is intermediate cam nested structure schematic diagram; Fig. 6 is that the cam at intermediate cam cover two ends launches schematic diagram; Fig. 7 is overrun clutch structure schematic diagram; Fig. 8 is that supporting post, support plate and reed coordinate schematic diagram, Fig. 9 is reed structure schematic diagram, Figure 10 is free wheel device axially local sectional structure schematic diagram, as shown in the figure: mechanical intelligent self adaption of the present invention cam automatic transmission more than two grades, comprise the transmission shaft 1 outputed power, the mechanical intelligent adaptive rate assembly also comprising slow gear driving mechanism and be arranged on transmission shaft; As shown in the figure, transmission shaft 1 two ends are respectively equipped with annular bearing with rolling contact 4 and annular bearing with rolling contact 13, for the casing supporting and install speed changer that is rotatably assorted; Transmission shaft 1 outputs power and coordinates with driven member (such as wheel or machine tool chief axis etc.) transmission, and as shown in the figure, transmission shaft 1 transmission coordinates the middleware 3 be provided with for outputing power, and middleware 3 is coordinated by spline drived with transmission shaft 1;
Mechanical intelligent adaptive rate assembly comprises the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body, the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body and speed change elastic element 25;
The axial inner conical drogue 17 of described cirque body, for input power, such as coordinates with the power output part transmission of motor equal power device, and as shown in the figure, axial inner conical drogue 17 outer rim of cirque body is provided with the edge of a wing for input power, can install gear, sprocket wheel etc.; The axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body is provided with axial inner conical surface and is coated at the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body, the axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) that the axial inner conical surface that the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body is provided with inner conical drogue axial with cirque body matches, cooperation transmission is carried out by tapered sleeve structure, inner conical surface and male cone (strobilus masculinus) one of at least need have certain roughness, belong to that those skilled in the art can know according to this record, do not repeat them here; The axial external conical sleeve 14 of described cirque body is coated at transmission shaft 1 and inner circle is provided with internal spiral cam 14a, and transmission shaft 1 is provided with the external spiral cam 1a matched with internal spiral cam and jointly forms spiral prominence wheel set; Spiral prominence wheel set is the worm structure cooperatively interacted, when the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body rotates, by spiral prominence wheel set, axis and circumferencial direction two component are produced to transmission shaft 1, wherein circumferencial direction component drives transmission shaft 1 to rotate and outputting power, the mounting structure that axial thrust load is transmitted axle 1 is offset, and its reaction force acts is in the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body and put on speed change elastic element 25; Certainly, spiral prominence wheel set is the preferred structure of the present embodiment, and other cam pair existing also can be adopted to drive, such as end cam etc., but spiral prominence wheel set can make this structure more compact, manufactures, installs and keep in repair more convenient, and helix structure stable drive, uniform force, there is unrivaled stability and smoothness, increase work efficiency further, there is better energy conservation and consumption reduction effects, larger control vehicular discharge, is more suitable for the roadsters such as light two-wheel vehicle and uses;
The axial external conical sleeves 14 of the speed change elastic element 25 pairs of cirque body apply to make the inner conical surface of its male cone (strobilus masculinus) and the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body to fit the pretightening force of transmission; During described transmission shaft 1 Power output, spiral prominence wheel set applies the axial thrust load contrary with speed change elastic element 25 pretightening force to the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body; That is, the rotation direction of the spiral cam of spiral prominence wheel set is relevant with the Power output sense of rotation of transmission shaft, those skilled in the art are according to above-mentioned record, under the prerequisite learning transmission shaft Power output direction, can learn which kind of rotation direction of spiral cam can apply the axial thrust load in which kind of direction, not repeat them here;
Described slow gear driving mechanism comprises the intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism with free wheel device, and the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body coordinates with the power intake transmission of intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism; Be rotatably assorted and be coated at transmission shaft and be at least provided with intermediate cam cover 6, described intermediate cam is overlapped 6 axial two ends and is respectively equipped with and correspondingly coordinates with the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body and intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism by cam-engaged is secondary and is passed to cirque body axis external conical sleeve 14 by keeping off the clutch end of power by intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism slowly; Cam-engaged pair can be end cam engagement pair also can be spiral cam engagement pair, all can realize goal of the invention; The free wheel device of intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism can be arranged at any position of the Transmitted chains of this mechanism, all object can be realized, intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism can be primary gear speed reducing transmission or other reducing transmission structures, and this intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism can ensure that the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body is passed to the rotating speed of rotating speed lower than the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body of the outer ring 15 of free wheel device; Simultaneously, intermediate cam cover 6 also applies axial force to the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body while keeping off transmission slowly makes speed change elastic element 25 compress, the axial external conical sleeve 14 of maintenance cirque body is separated with the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body, ensures that keeping off transmission is not slowly interfered.
In the present embodiment, the axial inner conical surface of the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body or and the axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) of the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body be provided with oil groove, this oil groove is provided with for oil-feed and fuel-displaced port; This oil groove does not need other fuel feeding, directly utilizes the lubricant oil in mission case can realize lubrication; Port be generally positioned at the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body axial inner conical surface or and the axial end portion of axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) of the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, be beneficial to formation circulating lubrication.
In the present embodiment, the axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) of the axial external conical sleeve 14 of described cirque body is provided with oil groove 9, and described oil groove 9 is around in axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) in left-handed and right hand helix shape interleaved discs and its port is coiled in axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) two ends self-assembling formation by oil groove 9 is left-handed with right hand helix, as shown in Figure 4, oil groove 9 in left-handed and right hand helix shape interleaved discs around, in roundabout coiled state, and the port of oil groove 9 blocks formation naturally at the two ends of axial male cone (strobilus masculinus), owing to forming coiled coil structure, and port is positioned at axial two ends, when axial external conical sleeve 14 high speed rotating of cirque body, Single port utilizes centrifugal force to produce vacuum in oil groove 9, another port then utilizes rotation to meet to lubricant oil and by vacuum, lubricant oil introduced oil groove 9 flows out from port, form the circulation of lubricant oil, thus form flushing effect, be beneficial to and take away impurity and heat, namely this circulation not only makes to keep clean between the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body and the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body, also be beneficial to when the two is separated when slow gear transmission and throw off rapidly and keep good relative movement, reduce the generation of frictional heat, be beneficial to the good running state keeping whole mechanism.
In the present embodiment, the inner ring 31 of free wheel device is rotatably assorted and is coated at transmission shaft 1, and as shown in the figure, the surface that transmission shaft 1 coordinates with inner ring 31 is provided with oil groove 7, ensures the flexibility of rotating; Intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism also comprises the train of reduction gears for power to be passed to free wheel device by the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body, the inner ring 31 of described free wheel device surmounts between the Power output sense of rotation and outer ring 15 of transmission shaft 1, during to ensure height gear, slow gear driving mechanism is surmounted; The axial inner conical drogue 17 of described cirque body is coordinated with outer ring 15 transmission of free wheel device by train of reduction gears, is passed to the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body between the inner ring 31 of described free wheel device and the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body by intermediate cam cover 6 by keeping off the inner ring 31 of power by free wheel device slowly; The cam-engaged pair that intermediate cam overlaps 6 two ends is end cam engagement pair, and the shape line lift angle that intermediate cam overlaps the end cam of the cam-engaged pair at 6 two ends is all less than or equal to 45 ° and the shape line lift angle that intermediate cam overlaps 6 two ends end cams varies in size, as shown in the figure, the end cam that intermediate cam overlaps 6 two ends is respectively end cam 6a and end cam 6b, engages respectively form end cam engagement pair with the end cam 31a of the inner ring 31 of free wheel device and the end cam 14b of the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body; End cam is beneficial to reduction radial dimension, is applicable to dilly and uses; End cam shape line lift angle is less than 45 ° and is beneficial to the enough large axial thrust load of formation and circumferential driving force, and can avoid bite; The shape line lift angle that intermediate cam overlaps 6 two ends end cams varies in size, that is, lift angle another lift angle large is little, as shown in the figure, the lift angle α of the end cam 6a engaged with the end cam of the inner ring 31 of free wheel device is less than the lift angle β of the end cam 6a engaged with the end cam of cirque body axis external conical sleeve 14, the guarantee circumference driving force of lift angle β, and the guarantee circumferential misalignment of lift angle α realizing the sensitive axis of the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body to driving.
In the present embodiment, described free wheel device is elastic sheet type overrunning clutch, comprises roller 33 and retainer, forms the engaging groove being used for engaging with roller or being separated between the outer ring 15 of free wheel device and inner ring 31, described retainer comprises support plate 36, supporting post 35 and reed 34, described supporting post 35 and roller 33 one_to_one corresponding, described support plate 36 is arranged at supporting post 35 in circumferencial direction secure fit and forms slot 37 between support plate 36 and supporting post 35 outer surface, described reed 34 is provided with the embedding part 34a embedding slot 37, reed 34 extends slot 37 and applies pretightening force along the engagement direction of engaging groove to roller 33, described slot 37 be provided with reed 34 due to roller 33 is applied pretightening force produce the distortion allowance of resiliently deformable, the free wheel device of this structure is avoided directly processing position limit socket on outer ring 15, simplify course of working, increase work efficiency, cut down finished cost, ensure processing and assembly precision, and be different from the structure concentrating immovable point in prior art, do not adopt the fixed structure of spot welding, the consequence that metallographic structure changes can not be there is, eliminate due to free wheel device engagement be separated elasticity of spring leaf and be out of shape the stress that causes and concentrate, and make reed 34 have good freedom of movement, thus the service life of reed 34 so that whole free wheel device can be improved, reed can reach the resiliently deformable with pretightening force of more than 5,000,000 times, greatly reduce use technology cost, easily change after associated components of the present invention damages, outer ring 15 does not need entirety to scrap, and reduces maintenance and use cost, owing to adopting the retainer structure beyond outer ring 15, theory unlimited can extend the axial length of free wheel device and roller 33, increase length of action, that is, the axial length increasing free wheel device can be needed according to load-bearing, thus increase the bearing capacity of free wheel device, and reduce, compared with the free wheel device radial dimension under high bearing capacity, to extend the working life of free wheel device, simultaneously, because reed is for distribute vertically, thus can carry out multiple spot to roller as required and apply pretightening force, ensure the spacing balance to roller under the prerequisite of longer axial dimension, what make it not depart from inner ring axis is parallel, thus ensure the stable operation of free wheel device, avoid mechanical failure,
As shown in the figure, described support plate 36 is circumferentially wrapped in supporting post 35 and pretightening force is held in setting tightly, the cross section of described supporting post 35 is non-circular in relative rotation for limiting support plate 36 circumference, forms slot 37 between a side of support plate 36 and supporting post 35 1 side surface; The cross section of supporting post 35 adopts polymorphic structure, can be limited it after support plate 36 is wrapped in supporting post 35 circumferentially to rotate, structure is simple, enforcement, easy accessibility, utilize non-circular structure to limit the circumferential movement of support plate 36, form comparatively stable slot 37 structure, for the installation of reed 34 provides condition, do not need other mechanical fixed structure, avoid, because the structures such as spot welding form mechanical force to reed, ensureing its working life; As shown in the figure, supporting post 35 cross section is the polymorphic structure be made up of circular arc and straight line, and support plate 36 is wrapped in polymorphic structure periphery, makes it not have condition in relative rotation.
In the present embodiment, described embedding part 34a is provided with pressure-bearing portion 34b, and described support plate 36 is provided with and applies to make embedding part 34a embed the pressure of slot 37 and limit the nip portion 36a that embedding part 34a deviates from from slot to pressure-bearing portion 34a; Ensure while avoiding embedding part 34a to deviate from that reed 34 has good degrees of freedom and swings, extend its working life.
In the present embodiment, described pressure-bearing portion 34b is formed in one in embedding part 34a and outward extending elastic piece structure, pressure-bearing portion 34b forms pressure-bearing section 34c to nip portion 36a bending, and nip portion 36a is formed to pressure-bearing portion 34b bending and is superimposed on pressure-bearing section 34c outer surface and executes stressed pressing section 36b to pressure-bearing section 34c; This pressure makes embedding part be embedded in slot 37, is formed and stablizes embedded structure; As shown in the figure, bending adopts rounding off structure, avoids stress to concentrate, directly slipped into by external force during installation and pressure-bearing section is superimposed on pressing section, utilize pressure-bearing section natural resiliency to form insertion force, structure is simple, easy for installation, larger distortion and stress can't be produced and concentrate.
As shown in the figure, described retainer also comprises pushing out ring I 32 and pushing out ring II 24, described pushing out ring I 32 and axial two ends, pushing out ring II 24 apportion outer ring 15 with outer ring 15 in circumferencial direction secure fit, described supporting post 4 two ends respectively correspondence are supported in pushing out ring I 32 and pushing out ring II 24, supporting post 35 at self circumferencial direction and pushing out ring I 32 or/and pushing out ring II 24 secure fit; After assembling, pushing out ring I 32 and pushing out ring II 24 by screw, be fixed by caulking to outer ring 15, also by other parts, outer ring 15 is fixed on to its axial limiting; As shown in the figure, supporting post 35 is parallel to roller 33; Engaging groove engagement direction is the direction that engaging groove shoals gradually, what namely engaging groove and inner ring 31 cylindrical were formed engage direction that space narrows gradually; The elasticity of reed 34 enough avoids roller oppositely to engage when free wheel device surmounts; As shown in the figure, described axial one end of supporting post 35 forms flat axle and penetrates the flat hole of pushing out ring I 32 to form the structure of circumferencial direction secure fit by flat axle correspondence, structure is simple, realize easily, and owing to forming the shaft shoulder between flat axle and supporting post 35 body, thus there is good locating effect, be beneficial to assembling and keep good running state; The axial the other end of supporting post 35 is through the circular hole on pushing out ring II 24, and supporting post forms conical head through the end of the circular hole on pushing out ring II, and conehead structure has good adaptability, is beneficial to and penetrates assembling, increases work efficiency.
Described pushing out ring I 32 and pushing out ring II 24 all make sliding bearing structure, as shown in the figure, axial two ends, described outer ring 15 form deep gouge (deep gouge 15a as shown in the figure and deep gouge 15b) respectively, the radial groove (radial groove 15a and radial groove 15b) at axial two ends, described outer ring 15 is arranged at corresponding deep gouge cell wall inner circle respectively, described pushing out ring I 32 and pushing out ring II 24 are corresponding respectively embeds deep gouge, pushing out ring I 32 and pushing out ring II 24 are respectively equipped with the radial protrusion (radial protrusion 32a and radial protrusion 24a) embedding radial groove (radial groove 15a and radial groove 15b) for correspondence, the radial protrusion (radial protrusion 32a and radial protrusion 24a) of pushing out ring I 32 and pushing out ring II 24 is just right with corresponding radial groove (radial groove 15a and radial groove 15b), push vertically, being formed to support and be beneficial between outer ring 15 and inner ring 31 keeps the compact structure of retainer stable with assembling, can not come off because of External force interference, meanwhile, the stable operation between outer ring and inner ring is beneficial to.
In the present embodiment, described intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism comprises slow gear jack shaft 18, be arranged at that slow gear jack shaft 18 coordinates with its transmission first keep off gear 20 and second and keep off gear 19 slowly slowly, as shown in the figure, slow gear jack shaft 18 is provided with annular bearing with rolling contact 22 and annular bearing with rolling contact 16, can be rotatably assorted in mission case in use; The axial inner conical drogue 17 of described cirque body keeps off gear 20 engagement driving slowly by slow gear driving gear 10 and first, as shown in the figure, the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body is in transmission connection in keeping off outer ring 15 engagement driving of driving gear 10, second slow gear gear 19 with free wheel device slowly by other kinds of drive of end face spline or prior art; Simple and compact for structure, realize the transmission of power of slow gear.
In the present embodiment, described speed change elastic element 25 is for being coated at the speed change butterfly spring of transmission shaft 1, the inner ring 31 of described speed change butterfly spring and free wheel device is respectively in the axial both sides of the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body, speed change butterfly spring is coated at transmission shaft 1 speed change axle sleeve 21 by being slidably matched withstands axial external conical sleeve 14 1 axial end portion of cirque body, and axial another axial end portion of external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body is overlapped 6 with intermediate cam and coordinated by corresponding end cam auxiliary driving; Structure is simple, and arrangement space is little, utilizes the transfer route reasonable Arrangement parts of power, makes the present invention be more suitable for less space and uses.
In the present embodiment, described speed change butterfly spring is arranged on the right side of the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body, and free wheel device is positioned on the left of the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body; The axial internal spiral cam of external conical sleeve 14 of described cirque body is identical with transmission shaft Power output sense of rotation from left to right with the expansion direction of the external spiral cam of transmission shaft 1; Described intermediate cam is overlapped the inner ring 31 of 6 two ends and free wheel device and the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body and is arranged end cam respectively and intermeshed by end cam and form end cam engagement pair, as shown in the figure, slow gear driving gear 10 is rotatably assorted and is coated at intermediate cam cover 6, axial inner conical drogue 17 cylindrical of cirque body is provided with annular bearing with rolling contact 23, supports and ensure stability during for installing; The end cam 31a of the inner ring 31 of free wheel device, the end cam 14b of the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body, end cam 14b and end cam 31a coordinate between overlap 6 with intermediate cam and form end cam pair, for transmission; As shown in the figure, inner ring 31 cylindrical of free wheel device is positioned on the right side of free wheel device and is provided with annular boss, this annular boss is with keeping off driving gear 10 is provided with plane bearing 8 and limited ring 11 successively slowly, axial limiting is carried out to it, inner ring 31 left end of free wheel device is provided with plane bearing 11, and realize location by mechanical erection, reach the axial limiting that it is more stable; The end cam line of contact expansion direction that intermediate cam overlaps the inner ring 31 of 6 two ends and free wheel device and the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body is contrary with transmission shaft Power output sense of rotation from left to right.
Above embodiment is optimum structure of the present invention, is not limiting the scope of the present invention; The scheme that Placement adjusts to some extent, and do not affect the realization of this goal of the invention.
The fast gear power transmission line of the present embodiment:
External spiral cam 1a → transmission shaft 1 outputting power of the internal spiral cam 14a → transmission shaft 1 of the axial external conical sleeve of the axial external conical sleeve 14 → cirque body of the axial inner conical drogue 17 → cirque body of power → cirque body;
Now free wheel device surmounts, and resistance transfer route: internal spiral cam 14a → cirque body axial external conical sleeve 14 → compression speed change butterfly spring of the axial external conical sleeve of external spiral cam 1a → cirque body of transmission shaft 1 → transmission shaft 1; Transmission shaft is applied axial force by the external spiral cam 1a of transmission shaft 1 to the internal spiral cam 14a of the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body and the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body and compresses speed change butterfly spring, when running resistance is increased to a timing, this axial force speed change butterfly spring, the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body is separated with the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body, power is transmitted by following route, namely keeps off power transmission line slowly:
The axial inner conical drogue of power → cirque body 17 → slow gear driving gear 10 → the first slow gear gear 20 → slow gear jack shaft 18 → the second keeps off external spiral cam 1a → transmission shaft 1 outputting power of the internal spiral cam 14a → transmission shaft 1 of the axial external conical sleeve of the outer ring axial external conical sleeve 14 → cirque body of 15 → free wheel device inner ring, 31 → intermediate cam cover, 6 → cirque body of gear 19 → free wheel device slowly.
Slow gear power transmission line is simultaneously also through following route: intermediate cam cover 6 → cirque body axial external conical sleeve 14 → compression speed change butterfly spring, prevent from keeping off slowly in transmission process and occur compression speed change butterfly spring reciprocating compression, thus prevent the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body and the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body from fitting.
Above-mentioned transfer route is had to find out, the present invention operationally, the inner conical surface of the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body and the male cone (strobilus masculinus) of the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body fit tightly under the effect of speed change butterfly spring, form the automatic transmission that keeps certain pressure, and the required pressure of clutch engagement can be adjusted by the axial thickness increasing speed change axle sleeve 21, reach transmission object, now, power drives the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body, cirque body axial external conical sleeve 14, transmission shaft 1, and transmission shaft 1 outputting power is rotated counterclockwise; Now keep off free wheel device to be slowly in and to surmount state.
During motor vehicle starting, resistance is greater than driving force, and resistance forces transmission shaft 1 to rotate clockwise several angle, and under the effect of the external spiral cam 1a of transmission shaft 1, the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body compresses speed change butterfly spring; The axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body is separated with the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body, synchronously, slow gear free wheel device engagement, power drives the axial inner conical drogue 17, first of cirque body gear gear 20, slow gear jack shaft 18, second outer ring 15 of gear gear 19, free wheel device, inner ring 31, intermediate cam cover 6, the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body and transmission shaft 1 slowly slowly, and transmission shaft 1 outputting power is rotated to keep off speed slowly; Therefore, automatically achieve bottom gear and start, shorten the starting time, decrease starting force.Meanwhile, speed change butterfly spring absorbs movement resistor moment energy, stores standby potential energy for recovering gear transferring power soon.
Start successfully, running resistance reduces, when component is reduced to less than the pressure that speed change butterfly spring produces, produce under speed change butterfly spring pressure discharges promotion rapidly because the compression of passive movement resistance, the inner conical surface of the male cone (strobilus masculinus) and the axial inner conical drogue 17 of cirque body that complete the axial external conical sleeve 14 of cirque body recovers to fit tightly state, and slow gear free wheel device is in and surmounts state.
In running process, along with the change self shifter principle of resistance to motion is the same, realizing variable block when not needing to cut off driving force, make whole locomotive operation steady, safe and low consumption, and transfer route being simplified, improving transmission efficiency.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technological scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technological scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. mechanical intelligent self adaption cam automatic transmission more than two grades, comprises the transmission shaft outputed power, it is characterized in that: the mechanical intelligent adaptive rate assembly also comprising slow gear driving mechanism and be arranged on transmission shaft;
Mechanical intelligent adaptive rate assembly comprises the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body and speed change elastic element;
The axial inner conical drogue of described cirque body is used for input power, and the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body is provided with axial inner conical surface and is coated at the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, the axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) that the axial inner conical surface that the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body is provided with inner conical drogue axial with cirque body matches; The axial external conical sleeve of described cirque body is coated at transmission shaft and is coordinated by the auxiliary driving of main transmission cam with it;
Speed change elastic element applies to make the inner conical surface of its male cone (strobilus masculinus) and the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body to fit the pretightening force of transmission to the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body; During described transmission shaft Power output, main transmission cam is secondary applies the axial thrust load contrary with speed change elastic element pretightening force to the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body;
Described slow gear driving mechanism comprises the intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism with free wheel device, and the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body coordinates with the power intake transmission of intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism; Be rotatably assorted and be coated at transmission shaft and be at least provided with an intermediate cam cover, described intermediate cam is overlapped axial two ends and is respectively equipped with and correspondingly coordinates with the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body and intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism by cam-engaged is secondary and is passed to cirque body axis external conical sleeve by keeping off the clutch end of power by intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism slowly.
2. mechanical intelligent self adaption according to claim 1 cam automatic transmission more than two grades, it is characterized in that: the axial inner conical surface of the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body or and the axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) of the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body be provided with oil groove, this oil groove is provided with for oil-feed and fuel-displaced port.
3. mechanical intelligent self adaption according to claim 2 cam automatic transmission more than two grades, it is characterized in that: the axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) of the axial external conical sleeve of described cirque body is provided with oil groove, described oil groove is left-handed and right hand helix shape interleaved discs is around in axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) and its port is coiled in axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) two ends self-assembling formation by oil groove is left-handed with right hand helix.
4. mechanical intelligent self adaption according to claim 3 cam automatic transmission more than two grades, it is characterized in that: the inner ring of free wheel device is rotatably assorted and is coated at transmission shaft, intermediate reduction gear driving mechanism also comprises the train of reduction gears for power to be passed to free wheel device by the axial inner conical drogue of cirque body, the inner ring of described free wheel device surmounts between the Power output sense of rotation and outer ring of transmission shaft, the axial inner conical drogue of described cirque body is coordinated with the outer ring transmission of free wheel device by train of reduction gears, the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body is passed to by intermediate cam cover by keeping off the inner ring of power by free wheel device slowly between the inner ring of described free wheel device and the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, the cam-engaged pair at intermediate cam cover two ends is end cam engagement pair, and the shape line lift angle of its end cam is all less than or equal to 45 ° and the shape line lift angle of intermediate cam cover two ends end cam varies in size.
5. mechanical intelligent self adaption according to claim 4 cam automatic transmission more than two grades, it is characterized in that: described free wheel device is elastic sheet type overrunning clutch, comprise roller and retainer, between the outer ring of free wheel device and inner ring, form the engaging groove being used for engaging with roller or being separated; Described retainer comprises support plate, supporting post and reed, described supporting post and roller one_to_one corresponding, described support plate is arranged at supporting post in circumferencial direction secure fit and forms slot between support plate and supporting post outer surface, described reed is provided with the embedding part embedding slot, reed extends slot and applies pretightening force along the engagement direction of engaging groove to roller, described slot be provided with reed due to roller is applied pretightening force produce the distortion allowance of resiliently deformable.
6. mechanical intelligent self adaption according to claim 5 cam automatic transmission more than two grades, it is characterized in that: described embedding part is provided with pressure-bearing portion, described support plate is provided with and applies to make embedding part embed the pressure of slot and limit the nip portion that embedding part deviates from from slot to pressure-bearing portion.
7. mechanical intelligent self adaption according to claim 6 cam automatic transmission more than two grades, it is characterized in that: described pressure-bearing portion is formed in one in embedding part and outward extending elastic piece structure, pressure-bearing portion forms pressure-bearing section to nip portion bending, and nip portion is formed to the bending of pressure-bearing portion and is superimposed on pressure-bearing section outer surface and executes stressed pressing section to pressure-bearing section.
8. mechanical intelligent self adaption according to claim 7 cam automatic transmission more than two grades, it is characterized in that: described train of reduction gears comprise keep off jack shaft slowly, be arranged at that slow gear jack shaft coordinates with its transmission first keep off gear and second and keep off gear slowly slowly, the axial inner conical drogue of described cirque body keeps off meshed transmission gear slowly by slow gear driving gear and first, the outer ring engagement driving of the second slow gear gear and free wheel device.
9. mechanical intelligent self adaption according to claim 8 cam automatic transmission more than two grades, it is characterized in that: described speed change elastic element is the speed change butterfly spring being coated at transmission shaft, described speed change butterfly spring and free wheel device are respectively in the axial both sides of the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, speed change butterfly spring is coated at the speed change axle sleeve of transmission shaft successively by being slidably matched and speed change plane bearing withstands axial external conical sleeve one axial end portion of cirque body, and axial another axial end portion of external conical sleeve of cirque body is coordinated by corresponding end cam auxiliary driving with intermediate cam cover; The axial external conical sleeve inner circle of cirque body is provided with internal spiral cam, and transmission shaft is provided with the external spiral cam matched with internal spiral cam and jointly forms spiral prominence wheel set.
10. mechanical intelligent self adaption according to claim 9 cam automatic transmission more than two grades, is characterized in that: described speed change butterfly spring is arranged on the right side of the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body, and free wheel device is positioned on the left of the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body; The axial internal spiral cam of external conical sleeve of described cirque body is identical with transmission shaft Power output sense of rotation from left to right with the expansion direction of the external spiral cam of transmission shaft; The inner ring of described intermediate cam cover two ends and free wheel device and the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body are arranged end cam respectively and are intermeshed by end cam and form end cam engagement pair; The end cam line of contact expansion direction of the inner ring of intermediate cam cover two ends and free wheel device and the axial external conical sleeve of cirque body is contrary with transmission shaft Power output sense of rotation from left to right.
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| CN201210201260.6A CN102720818B (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2012-06-18 | Mechanical, intelligent, adaptive, two-speed and multi-cam automatic transmission |
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| CN201210201260.6A CN102720818B (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2012-06-18 | Mechanical, intelligent, adaptive, two-speed and multi-cam automatic transmission |
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| CN102720818B true CN102720818B (en) | 2015-07-15 |
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| CN103438190B (en) * | 2013-08-31 | 2016-04-13 | 西南大学 | Many cam self-adaptings multidrive countershaft |
| CN104653739B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-03-15 | 刘兴亚 | A kind of variable-speed motor |
| CN105465227A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-04-06 | 西南大学 | Screw drive type overrun clutch |
| CN105090485A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-25 | 西南大学 | Lateral hanging spiral type taper sleeve transmission self-adaptation automatic speed changing drive assembly of electric motor car |
| CN105156658B (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-10-24 | 梁稚子 | Battery-operated motor cycle inner rotor motor pendulum-type self-adapting automatic gear shift drive assembly |
| CN105114584B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2018-11-16 | 重庆市光学机械研究所 | Arcuate friction for electric vehicle is driven self-adapting automatic gear shift device |
| CN105179631A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-23 | 重庆市科学技术研究院 | Wavy friction drive self-adaption automatic gearbox for electric cars |
| CN105257807A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-01-20 | 重庆市光学机械研究所 | Triangular friction driving self-adaption automatic transmission for electric car |
| CN105134897A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-09 | 重庆市科学技术研究院 | Disc type friction drive self-adaptive automatic transmission for electric vehicle |
| CN105114614A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-02 | 西南大学 | Spiral type triangular friction transmission self-adaptation automatic variable speed drive assembly of electric motorcycle |
| CN112413116B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-02-11 | 八方电气(苏州)股份有限公司 | Gear shifting adjusting mechanism |
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